8 Write About a Personal Episode; Listening and Speaking; Cross-Curricular Activity;Grammar Link 1.2 Writing in a Journal.. 16 Write an Entry in Your Learning Log; Using Computers; Liste
Trang 1Grammar and Composition
Grade 11
GLENCOE
i nteractive s tudent e dition
Trang 2Grateful acknowledgment is given authors, publishers, photographers, museums, and agents forpermission to reprint the following copyrighted material Every effort has been made to determinecopyright owners In case of any omissions, the Publisher will be pleased to make suitable
acknowledgments in future editions
Acknowledgments continued on page 929.
The Standardized Test Practice pages in this book were written by The Princeton Review, the nation’s leader in test preparation
Through its association with McGraw-Hill, The Princeton Review offers the best way to help students excel on standardized assessments.The Princeton Review is not affiliated with Princeton University or Educational Testing Service.
The Facing the Blank Page feature in this book was prepared in
collaboration with the writers and editors of TIME magazine.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
A Division of the McGraw-Hill Companies
Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved Except as permitted
under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or distributed in any form or means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the
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PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Send all inquiries to:
Trang 3PROGRAM CONSULTANTS
Mark Lester is Professor of English at Eastern Washington University He formerly served
as Chair of the Department of English as a Second Language, University of Hawaii He is the
author of Grammar in the Classroom (Macmillan, 1990) and of numerous other professional
books and articles
Sharon O’Nealis Assistant Professor at the College of Education, Southwest Texas State
University, where she teaches courses in reading instruction She formerly served as Director
of Reading and Language Arts of the Texas Education Agency and has authored, and
contributed to, numerous articles and books on reading instruction and teacher education
Jacqueline Jones Roysteris Associate Professor of English at The Ohio State University
She is also on the faculty at the Bread Loaf School of English at Middlebury College in
Middlebury, Vermont In addition to the teaching of writing, Dr Royster’s professional
interests include the rhetorical history of African American women and the social and
cultural implications of literate practices
William Strongis Professor of Secondary Education at Utah State University, Director of
the Utah Writing Project, and a member of the National Writing Project Advisory Board
A nationally known authority on the teaching of composition, he is the author of many
volumes, including Writing Incisively: Do-It-Yourself Prose Surgery (McGraw-Hill, 1991).
Jeffrey Wilhelm,a former English and reading teacher, is currently an assistant professor
at the University of Maine, where he teaches courses in middle and secondary level literacy
Author of several books and articles on the teaching of reading and the use of technology,
he also works with local schools as part of the Adolescent Literacy Project
Denny Wolfe,a former high school English teacher and department chair, is Professor of
English Education, Director of the Tidewater Virginia Writing Project, and Director of the
Center for Urban Education at Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia Author of more
than seventy-five articles and books on teaching English, Dr Wolfe is a frequent consultant
to schools and colleges on the teaching of English language arts
Trang 4Carol Booth Olson
DirectorUniversity of California,Irvine, Writing Project
Willis L Pitkin
Professor of EnglishUtah State University
Judith Summerfield
Associate Professor
of EnglishQueens College,City University of New York
Bonnie S Sunstein
Associate Professor ofEnglish and Director,Master of Arts in Teaching ProgramRivier College
Huntington Beach, California
Student Advisory Board
The Student Advisory Board was formed in an effort to ensure student involvement in the development of
Writer’s Choice The editors wish to thank members of the board for their enthusiasm and dedication to the
project The editors also wish to thank the many student writers whose models appear in this book
Trang 5Part 2 Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics
Unit 10 Parts of Speech 434
Unit 11 Parts of the Sentence 488
Unit 12 Phrases 512
Unit 13 Clauses and Sentence Structure 534 Unit 14 Diagraming Sentences 564
Unit 15 Verb Tenses, Voice, and Mood 574
Unit 16 Subject-Verb Agreement 600
Unit 17 Using Pronouns Correctly 622
Unit 18 Using Modifiers Correctly 648
Unit 19 Usage Glossary 672
Unit 20 Capitalization 692
Unit 21 Punctuation, Abbreviations, and Numbers 712
v B O O K O V E R V I E W Resources and Skills Part 3 Part 1 Composition Unit 1 Personal Writing 2
Unit 2 The Writing Process 46
Facing the Blank Page 111
Unit 3 Descriptive Writing 122
Unit 4 Narrative Writing 166
Unit 5 Expository Writing 208
Unit 6 Persuasive Writing 264
Unit 7 Research Paper Writing 322
Unit 8 Sentence Combining 358
Unit 9 Troubleshooter 382
Business and Technical Writing 408
Unit 22 History and Development of English 758
Unit 23 Library Resources 774
Unit 24 Using Dictionaries 783
Unit 25 Vocabulary 788
Unit 26 Spelling 797
Unit 27 Study Skills 804
Unit 28 Taking Tests 811
Unit 29 Listening and Speaking 848
Unit 30 Viewing and Representing 858
Unit 31 Electronic Resources 869
Writing and Language Glossary 890
Spanish Glossary 901
Index 914
Acknowledgments 929
Trang 6Personal Writing 2
Writing in the Real World 4
Culebra Island, July, 1997 Web site by Cléo Boudreau
Instruction and Practice 1.1 Writing to Discover 8
Write About a Personal Episode; Listening and Speaking;
Cross-Curricular Activity;Grammar Link
1.2 Writing in a Journal 12
Write a Journal Entry; Cross-Curricular Activity; Listeningand Speaking;Grammar Link
1.3 Writing to Learn 16
Write an Entry in Your Learning Log; Using Computers;
Listening and Speaking;Grammar Link
1.4 Writing a Letter 20
Write a Letter; Cross-Curricular Activity; Listening andSpeaking;Grammar Link
1.5 Writing a College Application Essay 24
Write a Short Essay; Using Computers; Viewing andRepresenting;Grammar Link
Writing About Literature 1.6 Writing About Nonfiction 28
Make a Dialogue; Using Computers; Listening and Speaking;
Grammar Link
Writing About Literature 1.7 Writing About Poetry 32
Write a Response to a Poem; Cross-Curricular Activity;
Viewing and Representing;Grammar Link
UNIT
1
C O N T E N T S
Trang 7Writing Process in Action Personal Writing Project 36
Write a personal narrative
•Prewriting •Drafting •Revising
•Editing/Proofreading •Publishing/PresentingfromBlack Ice by Lorene Cary 40Linking Writing and Literature Analyzing Cary’s autobiographical writing 44
Reflecting on the UnitAdding to Your PortfolioWriting Across the Curriculum 45
The Writing Process 46
Writing in the Real World 48
Brandon’s Comic Strips Cartoonsby Barbara Brandon
Instruction and Practice 2.1 Writing: A Five-Stage Process 52
Write About Yourself as a Writer; Cross-Curricular Activity; Listening and Speaking;Grammar Link
2.2 Prewriting: Finding Ideas 56
Determine a Topic; Using Computers; Listening andSpeaking;Grammar Link
2.3 Prewriting: Questioning to Explore a Topic 60
Explore Your Topic; Viewing and Representing;
Cross-Curricular Activity;Grammar Link
2.4 Prewriting: Audience and Purpose 64
Identify Audience and Purpose; Cross-Curricular Activity; Listening and Speaking;Grammar Link
2.5 Prewriting: Observing 68
Select Appropriate Details; Listening and Speaking;
Using Computers;Grammar Link
2.6 Drafting: Achieving Unity 72
Begin Your Draft; Listening and Speaking; Using Computers;Grammar Link
Trang 82.7 Drafting: Organizing an Essay 76
Write Your First Draft; Listening and Speaking;
Using Computers;Grammar Link
2.8 Drafting: Writing with Coherence 82
Check Your Draft for Coherence; Viewing and Representing; Using Computers;Grammar Link
2.9 Revising: Using Peer Responses 86
Revise with a Peer; Using Computers; Listening andSpeaking;Grammar Link
2.10 Editing and Presenting: Completing Your Essay 90
Edit and Present Your Essay; Using Computers;
Listening and Speaking;Grammar Link
Writing About Literature 2.11 Analyzing a Character in a Play 96
Write a Character Analysis; Using Computers;
Viewing and Representing;Grammar LinkWriting Process in Action Writing Process Project 100
Write an essay about your childhood
•Prewriting •Drafting •Revising
•Editing/Proofreading •Publishing/PresentingfromAn American Childhoodby Annie Dillard 104Linking Writing and Literature Discovering what makes Dillard’s anecdotes effective 109
Reflecting on the UnitAdding to Your Portfolio Writing Across the Curriculum 110
Facing the Blank Page 111
Writing for TIME•Prewriting •Drafting •Revising
2
➡➡
➡
Trang 9Descriptive Writing 122
Writing in the Real World 124
The Excavation Scientific Journal Articleby Donald Chrisman,Richard S MacNeish, Jamshed Mavalwala, and Howard Savage
Instruction and Practice 3.1 Creating Vivid Description 128
Write a Description; Using Computers; Viewing andRepresenting;Grammar Link
3.2 Using Sensory Details 132
Write a Description; Listening and Speaking;
Cross-Curricular Activity;Grammar Link
3.3 Creating a Mood 136
Write Scene Descriptions; Cross-Curricular Activity;
Viewing and Representing;Grammar Link
3.4 Writing a Character Sketch 140
Write a Character Sketch; Viewing and Representing;
Using Computers;Grammar Link
3.5 Describing an Event 144
Write a News Story; Viewing and Representing;
Listening and Speaking;Grammar Link
Writing About Literature 3.6 Writing About Mood in a Play 148
Write a Review; Using Computers; Listening and Speaking;Grammar Link
Writing Process in Action Descriptive Writing Project 152
Describe an idea for a TV screenplay
•Prewriting •Drafting •Revising
UNIT3 Review
L i t e r a t u r e M o d e l
3
ix
Trang 10Narrative Writing 166
Writing in the Real World 168
fromViva Baseball! Latin Major Leaguers and Their Special Hunger Sports writing by Samuel Regalado
Instruction and Practice 4.1 Characters in Biographical Narratives 172
Write a Narrative that Reveals Character; Cross-CurricularActivity; Listening and Speaking;Grammar Link
4.2 Writing a Biographical Sketch 178
Write a Biographical Sketch; Viewing and Representing;
Cross-Curricular Activity;Grammar Link
4.3 Structuring the Long Narrative 182
Write a Biographical Narrative; Listening and Speaking;
Cross-Curricular Activity;Grammar Link
Writing About Literature 4.4 Identifying Theme in a Narrative 186
Write a Paragraph Explaining a Theme; Cross-CurricularActivity; Viewing and Representing;Grammar Link
Writing About Literature 4.5 Responding to Narrative Poetry 190
Write a Response; Cross-Curricular Activity; Listening and Speaking;Grammar Link
Writing Process in Action Narrative Writing Project 194
Write a narrative about a person who inspires you
• Prewriting •Drafting •Revising
•Editing /Proofreading •Publishing/PresentingfromThe Case of Harry Houdiniby Daniel Mark Epstein 198Linking Writing and Literature Examining how Epstein captures a character’s personality 206
Reflecting on the UnitAdding to Your Portfolio Writing Across the Curriculum 207
UNIT4 Review
L i t e r a t u r e M o d e l
4
Trang 11Expository Writing 208
Writing in the Real World 210
fromR M S Titanic Bookletby Shelley Lauzon
Instruction and Practice 5.1 Writing Expository Paragraphs 214
Write an Expository Paragraph; Using Computers; Listeningand Speaking;Grammar Link
5.2 Explaining a Process 218
Write to Explain a Process; Listening and Speaking;
Cross-Curricular Activity;Grammar Link
5.3 Analyzing Cause-and-Effect Connections 222
Write a Cause-and-Effect Article; Viewing and Representing;
Using Computers;Grammar Link
5.4 Writing an Essay to Compare and Contrast 226
Write an Article that Compares and Contrasts; Viewing andRepresenting; Cross-Curricular Activity;Grammar Link
5.5 Analyzing Problems, Presenting Solutions 232
Write a Problem-and-Solution Essay; Cross-CurricularActivity; Listening and Speaking;Grammar Link
5.6 Using Time Lines and Process Diagrams 236
Create a Time Line or a Process Diagram; Using Computers;
Viewing and Representing;Grammar Link
5.7 Building a Reasonable Hypothesis 240
Write a Hypothesis; Cross-Curricular Activity; Viewing and Representing;Grammar Link
Writing About Literature 5.8 Comparing and Contrasting Two Authors 244
Write a Compare-and-Contrast Article; Using Computers;
Viewing and Representing;Grammar Link
Writing About Literature 5.9 Comparing and Contrasting Two Poems 248
Compare and Contrast Two Poems; Viewing andRepresenting; Using Computers;Grammar LinkWriting Process in Action Expository Writing Project 252
Write an essay explaining the benefits of having an item
•Prewriting •Drafting •Revising
•Editing/Proofreading •Publishing/Presenting
5
xi
Trang 12fromThe Soul of a New Machineby Tracy Kidder 256Linking Writing and Literature Evaluating Kidder’s expository writing 262
Reflecting on the UnitAdding to Your Portfolio Writing Across the Curriculum 263
Persuasive Writing 264
Writing in the Real World 266
Native American Burials: Legal and Legislative AspectsSpeechby Walter R Echo-Hawk
Instruction and Practice 6.1 Stating Your Case 270
Write a Persuasive Note; Viewing and Representing;
Listening and Speaking;Grammar Link
6.2 Sifting Fact from Opinion 274
Write an Opposing Editorial; Listening and Speaking;
Using Computers;Grammar Link
6.3 Evaluating Evidence 278
Write an Editorial; Cross-Curricular Activity; Viewing andRepresenting;Grammar Link
6.4 Inductive and Deductive Reasoning 282
Write a Persuasive Paragraph; Cross-Curricular Activity;
Using Computers;Grammar Link
6.5 Recognizing Logical Fallacies 288
Write a Letter Exposing Logical Fallacies; Cross-CurricularActivity; Viewing and Representing;Grammar Link
6.6 Writing and Presenting a Speech 294
Write a Persuasive Speech; Using Computers; Listening and Speaking;Grammar Link
6.7 Writing a Letter to an Editor 298
Write a Letter to an Editor; Cross-Curricular Activity;
Using Computers;Grammar Link
Writing About Literature 6.8 Evaluating a Speech 302
Write an Evaluation; Listening and Speaking; Viewing
UNIT5 Review
L i t e r a t u r e M o d e l
UNIT
6
Trang 13Writing Process in Action Persuasive Writing Project 306
Prepare a persuasive speech
•Prewriting •Drafting •Revising
•Editing/Proofreading •Publishing/PresentingfromOf Accidental Judgments and Casual Slaughtersby Kai Erikson 310Linking Writing and Literature Exploring Erikson’s persuasive techniques 320
Reflecting on the UnitAdding to Your Portfolio Writing Across the Curriculum 321
Research Paper Writing 322
Instruction and Practice 7.1 Prewriting: Planning and Researching 324
Decide Where to Start; Investigate and Limit a Topic;
Find Information; Take Notes from Sources
7.2 Prewriting: Developing an Outline 330
Make a Formal Outline; Consider Other Organizing Tools; Create and Revise a Thesis Statement
7.3 Drafting 334
Draft from an Outline; Manage Information; Draft
an Effective Introduction; Draft a Conclusion
7.6 Editing and Presenting: A Model Paper 348
Use the Final Edit Checklist; Present Your Paper
Contrasting Images of America: The Art of Grant Wood and Edward Hopper 350
Trang 14Reflecting on the Unit Adding to Your Portfolio
Writing Across the Curriculum 357
Sentence Combining 358
Instruction and Practice Style Through Sentence Combining 360
Varying Sentence Length and Structure; Using Parallelism, Interrupting Elements, and Unusual Patterns for Emphasis 8.1 Description 364
8.2 Narration 368
8.3 Exposition 372
8.4 Persuasion 376
8.5 Literature Exercises 380
Troubleshooter 382
Problems and Solutions 9.1 Sentence Fragment 384
9.2 Run-on Sentence 386
9.3 Lack of Subject-Verb Agreement 388
9.4 Lack of Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement 392
9.5 Lack of Clear Pronoun Reference 394
UNIT7 Review
UNIT
9
UNIT
8
Trang 159.7 Shift in Verb Tense 397
9.8 Incorrect Verb Tense or Form 398
9.9 Misplaced or Dangling Modifier 400
9.10 Missing or Misplaced Possessive Apostrophe 402 9.11 Missing Commas with Nonessential Element 404 9.12 Missing Commas in a Series 406
Business and Technical Writing 408
Instruction and Practice Business Letters 409
Memos, E-mail, and Application Forms 418
Graphic Organizers 422
Technical Writing 427
Trang 1610
and Mechanics
Parts of Speech 434
Instruction and Practice 10.1 Nouns 435
10.2 Pronouns 442
10.3 Verbs 449
10.4 Adjectives 456
10.5 Adverbs 462
10.6 Prepositions 468
10.7 Conjunctions 472
10.8 Interjections 479
Parts of Speech 480
fromLove in the Time of Cholera by Gabriel García Márquez Writing Application Conjunctions in Writing; Techniques with Conjunctions; Practice 487
Parts of the Sentence 488
Instruction and Practice 11.1 Simple Subjects and Simple Predicates 489
11.2 Complete Subjects and Complete Predicates 490
11.3 Compound Subjects and Compound Predicates 492
L i t e r a t u r e M o d e l
Grammar Review
UNIT
11
Trang 1711.5 Complements 497
Parts of the Sentence 504
fromMain Street by Sinclair Lewis Writing Application Sentences in Writing; Techniques with Sentences; Practice 511
Phrases 512
Instruction and Practice 12.1 Prepositional Phrases 513
12.2 Appositives and Appositive Phrases 515
12.3 Verbals and Verbal Phrases 517
12.4 Absolute Phrases 523
Phrases 526
fromThe Red Badge of Courageby Stephen Crane Writing Application Phrases in Writing; Techniques with Phrases; Practice 533
Clauses and Sentence Structure 534
Instruction and Practice 13.1 Main Clauses 535
13.2 Subordinate Clauses 536
13.3 Simple and Compound Sentences 538
13.4 Complex and Compound-Complex Sentences 540 13.5 Adjective Clauses 542
13.6 Adverb Clauses 545
13.7 Noun Clauses 547
13.8 Four Kinds of Sentences 550
13.9 Sentence Fragments 551
13.10 Run-on Sentences 553
Clauses and Sentence Structure 556
Grammar Review
L i t e r a t u r e M o d e l
Grammar Review
L i t e r a t u r e M o d e l
Grammar Review
UNIT
12
UNIT
13
xvii
Trang 1814
fromThe Great Gatsbyby F Scott Fitzgerald
Writing Application Variety of Sentence Structure; Techniques with Variety of
Sentence Structures; Practice 563
Diagraming Sentences 564
Instruction and Practice 14.1 Diagraming Simple Sentences 565
14.2 Diagraming Simple Sentences with Phrases 568
14.3 Diagraming Compound and Complex Sentences 571
Verb Tenses,Voice, and Mood 574
Instruction and Practice 15.1 Principal Parts of Verbs 575
15.2 Regular and Irregular Verbs 576
15.3 Tense of Verbs 579
15.4 Perfect Tenses 583
15.5 Progressive and Emphatic Forms 585
15.6 Compatibility of Tenses 587
15.7 Voice of Verbs 589
15.8 Mood of Verbs 591
Verb Tenses, Voice, and Mood 594
fromRootsby Alex Haley Writing Application Using the Active Voice for Clearer Writing; Techniques with Active Voice; Practice 599
L i t e r a t u r e M o d e l
Grammar Review
L i t e r a t u r e M o d e l
UNIT
15
Trang 19Subject-Verb Agreement 600
Instruction and Practice 16.1 Intervening Prepositional Phrases 601
16.2 Agreement with Linking Verbs 603
16.3 Agreement in Inverted Sentences 604
16.4 Agreement with Special Subjects 606
16.5 Agreement with Compound Subjects 608
16.6 Intervening Expressions 609
16.7 Indefinite Pronouns as Subjects 611
16.8 Agreement in Adjective Clauses 613
Subject-Verb Agreement 616
fromThe Country of the Pointed Firsby Sarah Orne Jewett Writing Application Subject-Verb Agreement in Writing; Techniques with Subject-Verb Agreement; Practice 621
Using Pronouns Correctly 622
Instruction and Practice 17.1 Case of Personal Pronouns 623
17.2 Pronouns with and as Appositives 626
17.3 Pronouns After Than and As 628
17.4 Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns 629
17.5 Who and Whom in Questions and Subordinate Clauses 630
17.6 Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement 632
17.7 Clear Pronoun Reference 637
Using Pronouns Correctly 642
fromI Wonder As I Wanderby Langston Hughes Writing Application Pronouns in Writing; Techniques with Pronouns; Practice 647
L i t e r a t u r e M o d e l
Grammar Review
L i t e r a t u r e M o d e l
Grammar Review
16
UNIT
17
Trang 20Using Modifiers Correctly 648
Instruction and Practice 18.1 The Three Degrees of Comparison 649
18.2 Irregular Comparisons 651
18.3 Double Comparisons 654
18.4 Incomplete Comparisons 656
18.5 Good or Well; Bad or Badly 657
18.6 Double Negatives 658
18.7 Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers 660
Using Modifiers Correctly 666
fromA Moveable Feast by Ernest Hemingway Writing Application Modifiers in Writing; Techniques with Modifiers; Practice 671
Usage Glossary 672
Problems and Solutions 19.0 Usage Glossary 673
Usage Glossary 688
Quotations About Freedom Writing Application Troublesome Words in Writing; Techniques for Troublesome Words; Practice 691
Capitalization 692
Instruction and Practice 20.1 Capitalization of Sentences and the Pronoun I 693
20.2 Capitalization of Proper Nouns 696
20.3 Capitalization of Proper Adjectives 702
Capitalization 708
Grammar Review
L i t e r a t u r e M o d e l
Grammar Review
L i t e r a t u r e M o d e l
Grammar Review
18
UNIT
19
UNIT
20
Trang 21fromThe Muses Are Heard by Truman Capote
Writing Application Capitalization in Writing; Techniques with Capitalization; Practice 711
Punctuation,Abbreviations, and Numbers 712
Instruction and Practice 21.1 The Period 713
21.2 The Exclamation Point 714
21.3 The Question Mark 715
21.4 The Colon 717
21.5 The Semicolon 720
21.6 The Comma 722
21.7 The Dash 731
21.8 Parentheses 732
21.9 Brackets and Ellipsis Points 734
21.10 Quotation Marks 735
21.11 Italics (Underlining) 739
21.12 The Apostrophe 741
21.13 The Hyphen 744
21.14 Abbreviations 747
21.15 Numbers and Numerals 749
Punctuation 751
fromThe Stones of Florence by Mary McCarthy Writing Application Punctuation in Writing; Techniques with Punctuation; Practice 755
L i t e r a t u r e M o d e l
Grammar Review
L i t e r a t u r e M o d e l
xxi
UNIT
21
M
c
: ; , - ( ) [ ] { } “ ” ‘s
italic 12345
Trang 22History and Development of English 758
Instruction and Practice 22.1 A Multicultural Linguistic Heritage 759
Trang 23Instruction and Practice 25.1 Expanding Your Vocabulary 789
25.2 Analyzing Word Parts 792 Spelling 797
Instruction and Practice 26.1 Mastering the Basics 798
26.2 Spelling Challenges 802 Study Skills 804
Instruction and Practice 27.1 Boost Your Study Skills 805
27.2 Understanding Graphics 808 Taking Tests 811
Instruction and Practice 28.1 Taking Essay Tests 812
28.2 Preparing for Standardized Tests 814
28.3 Standardized Test Items 816
28.4 Standardized Test Practice 822
en crypt ion
Trang 24Listening and Speaking 848
Instruction and Practice 29.1 Listening Effectively and Critically 849
29.2 Speaking Effectively 852
29.3 Group Participation 855
29.4 Taking Part in an Interview 856 Viewing and Representing 858
Instruction and Practice 30.1 Interpreting Visual Messages 859
30.2 Analyzing Media Messages 863
30.3 Producing Media Messages 865 Electronic Resources 869
Instruction and Practice 31.1 Word Processing 870
Trang 25Composition Models
Each literature selection is an extended example of
the mode of writing taught in the unit.
Gail Godwin, from My Face 38
Annie Dillard, from An American Childhood 104
Elizabeth Enright,“The Signature” 156
Daniel Mark Epstein,“The Case of Harry
Excerpts from outstanding works of fiction and
nonfiction exemplify specific writing skills.
Annie Dillard, The Writing Life 8
Joan Frances Bennett, Members of the Class Will
Keep Daily Journals 12
Loren Eiseley, The Lost Notebooks of Loren
Eiseley 12
Virginia Woolf, A Writer's Diary 14
Zora Neale Hurston, letter to Fannie Hurst 22
Fannie Hurst, letter to Zora Neale Hurston 22
Joanne B Wilkinson, 100 Successful College
Application Essays 26
Elizabeth Taylor,“Are You My Mother?” Time 28
Christy Nolan,“On Remembering the Beara
Landscape” 32
Gail Godwin, from My Face 38
John McPhee, interview on National Public Radio’s
David James Duncan, The River Why 84
Samuel Butler, The Note-Books of Samuel Butler 90
Tennessee Williams, The Glass Menagerie 96
Annie Dillard, An American Childhood 102
Tony Hillerman, Listening Woman 128
Judith E Rinard, Mysteries of the Ancient World 132
N Scott Momaday, The Way to Rainy Mountain 138
Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings 142
Sue Grafton, G Is for Gumshoe 144 Arthur Conan Doyle and William Gillette,
Sherlock Holmes 148 Elizabeth Enright,“The Signature” 153
Russell Baker, The Good Times 172
C D B Bryan,“Under the Auchincloss Shell” 174
Alison Plowden, Elizabeth Regina 178
Roger Morris, Richard Milhous Nixon 180
Victoria Ortiz, Sojourner Truth: A Self-Made
Trang 26Sharon Begley, “Wilder Places for Wild Things,”
Newsweek 214
John McPhee, Encounters with the Archdruid 219
David Macaulay, The Way Things Work 220
Denise M de la Rosa and Michael Kolin,
Understanding, Maintaining, and Riding the
Ten-Speed Bicycle 220
John Canemaker,“Once Again,‘Toons’ are Tops,”
The 1991 World Book Year Book 222
William S Ellis,“Skyscrapers: Above the Crowd,”
National Geographic 224
Joseph Weizenbaum,“Science and
the Compulsive Programmer,” Partisan
Review 228
Douglas Adams, Last Chance to See 230
Stephen Koepp,“Gridlock!” TIME 232
Edward T Hall,“The Arab World,” The Hidden
Dimension 242
Ralph Waldo Emerson,“Wealth” 244
Tracy Kidder, The Soul of a New Machine 244
Anne Bradstreet,“To My Dear and Loving
Husband” 248
Maya Angelou,“In Retrospect” 248
Pamela McCorduck,“Resolving Shades
of Gray” 253
Benjamin Franklin, letter to Mrs Sarah
Bache 270
Frederick Douglass, Fourth of July Oration 272
President Andrew Jackson, address to
Congress 274
John Ridge, address to Georgia state officials 274
Irving B Harris, address to City Club of
Barbara Jordan, address to Democratic National Convention 303
Donald Morris, Houston Post 304
Kai Erikson, Of Accidental Judgments and Casual Slaughters 307
Sinclair Lewis, Main Street 504
Maxine Hong Kingston, The Woman Warrior 511
Stephen Crane, The Red Badge of Courage 526
Gloria Naylor, The Women of Brewster Place 533
F Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby 556 Elizabeth Enright,“The Signature” 563
Alex Haley, Roots 594 Bernard Malamud,“The First Seven Years” 599
Sarah Orne Jewett, The Country of the Pointed Firs 616
Langston Hughes, I Wonder As I Wander 642
Pearl S Buck, The Living Reed 647
Ernest Hemingway, A Moveable Feast 666 Julio Cortázar,“Text in a Notebook” 671
L I T E R A T U R E M O D E L S
Trang 27L I T E R A T U R E M O D E L S
Margaret Fuller, Woman in the Nineteenth
Century 688
Henry David Thoreau, Walden 688
W E B DuBois, John Brown 688
E B White,“One Man’s Meat” 688
John F Kennedy,“Inaugural Address” 688
Truman Capote, The Muses Are Heard 708
Theodore Dreiser, An American Tragedy 711
Mary McCarthy, The Stones of Florence 751
V S Naipaul, The Enigma of Arrival 755
Fine art — paintings, drawings, photos, and
sculpture — is used to teach as well as to stimulate
writing ideas.
Conrad Buff, Ocean Vista xxviii
Malvin Gray Johnson, Self-Portrait (detail) 8
Pieter Brueghel, The Fall of Icarus 35
John N Robinson, Reclining Woman 41
R Delaunay, The Runners 43
M C Escher, Drawing Hands 55
Pablo Picasso, Carafe, Jug and Fruit Bowl 67
Claude Monet, Bridge at Argenteuil 68
Kurt Schwitters, Opened by Customs 76
Victor Vasarely, Vega-Tek 81
Franz Marc, Little Blue Horse 85
Fairfield Porter, Early Morning 107
Thomas Hart Benton, July Hay 135
Edward Gorey, The Listing Attic 148
Giorgio de Chirico, Piazza d’Italia (detail) 157
Giorgio de Chirico, Piazza d’Italia 161
Juan Gris, Face of Harlequin 162
Nicholas Hilliard, Queen Elizabeth I 178
Allegorical portrait of Queen Elizabeth I 178
Thomas Eakins, Max Schmitt in a Single Scull 189
Adolph Friedlander, Harry Houdini 203
Alan Berner, A Day in the Life of America 231
Manuel Neuhaus, Figure and Globe 257
David Em, Transjovian Pipeline 258
Jacob Lawrence, Hiroshima Series, “Family” 314
USAF, Hiroshima 317
Edward Hopper, Cape Cod Evening (sketch) 330
Grant Wood, American Gothic 344
Grant Wood, Stone City, Iowa 348
Claude Monet, Haystack in Winter 432
Patricia Gonzalez, Sleep 485
Gustave Moeller, Main Street, Alma 509
Winslow Homer, Prisoners from the Front 531
Guy Péne du Bois, Mr and Mrs Chester Dale Dining Out 562
Edward Hopper, Cape Cod Morning 620
Maria Izquierdo, Dos Mujeres con Papaya 645
Kees van Dongen, Avenue du Bois, Paris 669
George Benjamin Luks, Armistice Night 690
Marc Chagall, The Market Place, Vitebsk 710
Thomas Cole, View of Florence from San Miniato 753
William Fraser Garden, The Wood at Dusk 756 Persian illustration 759
F I N E A R T
xxvii
Trang 28—Walt Whitman, “Song of Myself”
“Not I, not any one else can travel that road for you.
You must travel it for yourself.”
Trang 29Unit 1 Personal Writing 2
Unit 2 The Writing Process 46
Facing the Blank Page 111
Unit 4 Narrative Writing 166
Unit 5 Expository Writing 208
Unit 6 Persuasive Writing 264
Unit 7 Research Paper Writing 322
Unit 8 Sentence Combining 358
Unit 9 Troubleshooter 382
Business and Technical Writing 408
Unit 1 Personal Writing 2
Unit 2 The Writing Process 46
Unit 3 Descriptive Writing 122
Unit 4 Narrative Writing 166
Unit 5 Expository Writing 208
Unit 6 Persuasive Writing 264
Unit 7 Research Paper Writing 322
Unit 8 Sentence Combining 358
Trang 30“Seized with a determination to learn to read,
at any cost, I hit upon many expedients to accomplish the desired end.”
Trang 31Personal Writing
Writing in the Real World: Cléo Boudreau 4
Lesson 1.5 Writing a College Application Essay 24
Lesson 1.6 Writing About Literature:
Lesson 1.7 Writing About Literature:
Literature Model: from Black Ice by Lorene Cary 40
UNIT
1
Trang 32Writing in the Real World
Rich storytelling flows naturally from Cléo Boudreau (boo-DROH),
who has chronicled his personal adventures for over a decade In
1984 Boudreau exchanged his life as a professor for the “complete dom” of a life spent sailing between Jamaica and Venezuela His long,lively letters to his son Will about his nautical adventures eventually
free-grew into a twice-yearly newsletter, the Melibea News The following is
an excerpt from the online version of the newsletter, Cruising the Caribees.
Rain was coming down hard at
Chaguaramas on this date two years ago
Big rain, pelting down in bursts Susan was
soaked, I was drenched, and Terry was
prowling the edge of the forest looking for
butterflies We thought the bus wasn’t
com-ing, maybe it skidded off into a ditch, maybe
the road got washed out, maybe the
wind-shield wipers weren’t working, maybe the
driver had a coronary
Susan and I decided to walk back It was
only a couple of miles anyway, and we were
soaked already, so what difference could it
make Terry was doing okay on the
butter-flies—he’s a collector—and he figured he’d
hang in for a while longer Wet butterflies
Who ever heard of collecting wet butterflies?
“He’s not collecting,” Susan said “He’s
just looking.”
“Fine Let’s go.” And we headed off at a
fast pace in what looked like a lull between
cloudbursts That was all relative, because
even in the lull it was still pouring hard We
didn’t get beyond the nearest bend in the
road when it really began to come down,
though I mean, you have no idea at all
about rain until you’ve seen how it comesdown on Trinidad Stupendous torrents ofraindrops big as kumquats And they hurt
Up ahead was a small wooden ing “Come on, Susan, let’s run!” Igrabbed her hand and yanked We actu-ally worried about drowning before we gotthere, it was so hard to breathe under all thatfalling water
build-We huddled [in the building] the best wecould, wet, cold and miserable Every once
in a while loud crashing noises came out ofthe rain forest, as of branches breaking andfalling
“Hello.”
I jumped at the man’s voice He cameright out of the rain forest and stepped intothe pump-house Susan saw him before I didand she yelped in fear [T]his guy had
a machete in his right hand, and there was awide rectangular basket hanging from a cordaround his neck His long hair was streamingdown around his shoulders, and I saw longscars on his face On appearances alone,this was the kind of man you wouldn’t want
Caribbean Travel
Culebra Island, July, 1997
by Cléo Boudreau
Trang 33A Writer’s Process
Prewriting
Reeling in Ideas
Before retiring, Boudreau had never
attempted any personal writing
Now he says, “To sit down and try to
match up a style with an actual event
that you have had a part in—I never
realized it was such a challenge To use
words as one would use paints—to let
them shed their color on each other in
a way that highlights an adventure—is
rewarding.”
His ship’s log is “perhaps the chief
sourcebook for the newsletters,” the
captain says He tries to “make little
vignettes or anecdotes out of the
entries.” “Culebra Island, July, 1997”
is an example of a vignette that grew
out of a log entry
The newsletter sometimesfeatures life-and-deathadventures, such as one inwhich Boudreau described aterrifying hurricane Otherissues are more lighthearted
One issue described theprocess of baking bread Inthe middle of the churningocean, even baking bread can
be an adventure
Writing in the Real World 5
Boudreau’s life aboard the
Melibea provides material
for his writing journal.
Ashore at St Thomas, the captain finds a quiet place
to think and write.
to meet in a dark alley He turned out to be
one of the most fascinating individuals I’ve
met in a lifetime
I stepped forward to place myself between
him and Susan The man smiled at my
move and put down his machete “No
need for worry,” he said “No harm here.”
We stood without speaking for a while, all
three of us I got curious about his basket,
though, and wondered what he had in it
There were short chunks of tree branches,
and small bundles of leaves held together
with strings, and roots of different colors and
shapes
“What’ve you got there?” I asked
“These are medicines,” he said “Old
people buy them.”
“Old people?”
“Yes People who don’t have money for
regular doctors, old people I sell to theduendes, the herb doctors Sometimes I gointo Port of Spain, into the poor sections,and the old people come out of their houses
to meet me.”
“Here, let me show.” He rummagedthrough his basket and pulled out an orangecolored root, washed it clean under a stream
of water pouring down from a broken drainpipe, and then began to slice it with hismachete Whack! Whack! That machete wastwo feet long and he was holding the piece
of root in his left hand, whacking off slicesthin as razor blades Susan winced everytime the machete came down She told melater I was wincing too
We stayed about half an hour watchingthis man wash, peel, slice, trim and other-wise prepare his forest medicines for the oldpeople
Trang 34Writing in the Real World
Drafting/Revising
Describing the Events
Boudreau does most of his writingbefore 10:30 A.M in an idyllic setting:
“From when the sun comes up untilthe trade winds fill in, it’s delightfullycool I have a cockpit in the sailboatwith a canvas top on it I can just sitthere at my writing table lookingout over the harbor, the palm trees,and the mountains.”
Usually Boudreau has a definiteidea in mind before he begins writing
He first composes his newsletter inpencil, even before he has a particularreader in mind After writing a couple
of drafts, he chooses the best one andrevises it again as he types it on hiscomputer “I let it sit for a couple ofweeks or so Then I go back and do afinal draft,” he explains “About four
or five run-throughs is my average.”
Boudreau strengthens his writingwith vivid description, interesting facts,personal and sensory observations,and a strong sense of narrative All ofthose elements came together in hisaccount of an encounter with a WestIndian herb gatherer
Revising/Editing
Continuing “Until It’s Right”
The Melibea was designed to be
sailed by a lone sailor For Boudreau,writing is a solitary endeavor as well
“If there’s anybody I write for, it must
be myself,” says the captain
He is also his own editor, so hemust rely on his own instincts todecide when his work is complete
“Because of my lifestyle,” he notes, “Ican take time to make sure that I findthe pleasure that I’m looking for in it,simply by revising until it’s right.”
Publishing/Presenting
The Newsletter Is Printed
Once Boudreau has completed hisnewsletter, he gives a copy of it to hisson Will, who takes it back to theUnited States for duplication and mail-ing The original handful of readershas grown to a circulation of morethan 150 friends and relatives
Boudreau’s “hurricane edition” nered an even wider audience when itwas reprinted as a three-part news-
gar-paper series in the St Thomas Courier.
Readers of the newsletter quently urge Boudreau to reprint some
fre-of his other issues, but he laughs “Idon’t know why everyone wants to put
me to work I’m having so much fun!”
Boudreau’s recipe for flying
fish as well as letters to his
son and newsletters
reprinted in a St Thomas
newspaper
Trang 35Analyzing the Media
Connection
Discuss these questions about the
article on pages 4 and 5.
1. What mood does Boudreau evoke in
“Culebra Island, July, 1997”? How
does he evoke this mood?
2. What literary devices does Boudreau
use to enliven his writing?
3. In what ways does Boudreau’s use of
dialogue add to the power of his
piece? Explain
4. In what ways are Boudreau’s real-life
account and a short story similar? Is
there rising action, a conflict, a
cli-max, a denouement, and/or falling
Discuss these questions about Cléo
Boudreau’s writing process.
1. Why does Boudreau find the writing
disad-Examining Writing in the Real World
Notice how Boudreau uses a comma:
She was a little scared too, and I wasn’t feeling very good about things either.
Fix each run-on below
1. Jane wrote a postcard to Elizabeth buther mother forgot to mail it
2. Andy called his sister in Florida and weboth told her the good news
3. The weather is getting warmer everyday and now the tulips are starting tobloom
4. We ordered three fish platters but theJacksons wanted the shrimp special
See Lesson 13.10, pages 553–555.
Writing in the Real World 7
Trang 36Writing to Discover
W riting about your own thoughts, feelings, and experiences is called personal writing Often based on exploration of your past, per- sonal writing can either be kept confidential or
be shared, as Annie Dillard does with this tation on the value of writing.
medi-Dillard uses words as tools for digging out ideas that are new, unknown,and interesting Malvin Gray Johnson used paint to explore images of himself
in his self-portrait Taking a paintbrush or a pen in hand reveals thoughts you
You make the path boldly and follow it fearfully You gowhere the path leads The writing has changed, in yourhands, and in a twinkling The new place interests youbecause it is not clear You attend In your humility, you laydown the words carefully, watching all the angles
Annie Dillard, The Writing Life
Malvin Gray Johnson,
Self-Portrait (detail), 1934
What does Dillard mean
when she says, “You
make the path boldly and
follow it fearfully”?
Trang 37Create a Life Map
Just as a road map helps a traveler plan a trip, a life map helps you
iden-tify events in your life that offer intriguing possibilities to explore in your
writing
Charting the significant people, places, and events in your life can give
you an overview of your life’s high points, low points, and turning points
If you make a map of challenges you have met and disappointments you’ve
overcome, you’ll notice patterns that will help you answer questions such as
When do I feel happy? What are my interests? What type of work do I like?
Who are my friends? The life map below shows the kinds of events one
stu-dent might note
Once you sketch a life map, look for patterns that connect the events The
student who drew the map above might notice that the low points in his
life have inspired him to do things that led to success In your own writing,
you might want to focus on the connection between two or more events
thought I’d never
make new friends Skipper died.
Met Sam
—my bestfriend
Freshman year—
cut from soccer;
felt left out Sam and I wrotefirst song; formed
Pinz & Needlz
P & N plays Junior Prom
Requests for some originals!
7th grade: won theschool essay contest;
statewide runner-up
Journal Writing
Sketch your life map Find and describe a pattern among the highs,
lows, and turning points List the specific events that are part of that
pattern
Trang 38writ-Exchanging ideas can improve anyone’s writing Listen to feedback fully Write down all responses; even if you disagree now with some ideas,you might reconsider them as you revise your writing You will also learn
care-by giving feedback to others Use the following guidelines
BARBARA : One thing I liked was that this reminded me
of the time when I was learning to drive But I don’t likethe ending I don’t know why
ANDY : I disagree I think the ending is really good, but
it takes too long to get into the story
WANDA : Do you think I should cut the first couple ofparagraphs? I wondered whether people needed thatinformation to understand what comes later
LISTEN
Make eye contact,nod, and tune in toeach person as he
or she speaks Takenotes and askquestions
CLARIFY
If you don’t stand what some-one else has said,ask for clarifica-tion
under-COOPERATE
Offer compliments
to each member.Give encouragingfeedback such as, “Ilike Joe’s suggestionbecause ”
Guidelines for Groups
Trang 391.1 Writing to Discover 11
Write About a Personal
Episode
Write a few paragraphs about a significant
event or person in your life You might write
about how one person influenced a decision you
made, about how it felt to move to a new town,
or about another occurrence of your own
choos-ing Use a life map and brainstorm a list of
rele-vant words and phrases to organize your ideas
PURPOSE To describe an important event or person in
your life
AUDIENCE Yourself and your peers
LENGTH 2–3 paragraphs
WRITING RUBRICS To write a vivid personal
narrative, you should
• provide details that will make your writing
Listening and Speaking
COOPERATIVE LEARNING Read your narrative to
a small group The objective of presenting your
work is to discover if you have conveyed your
experiences effectively Can the others clearly see
your descriptions or hear your dialogue? What
are some of the group’s suggestions for revision?
When listening to other students’ work,
remem-ber that your job is to give them constructive
feedback so that they can find the clearest way to
express themselves in their writing
Cross-Curricular Activity
ART Review the life map you created Illustratefour or five events on the map Then, in a smallgroup, share your life map Explain each eventyou have illustrated and what the illustrationtells about that event
Writing Activities
Avoid incorrect pronoun shifts
Notice how Annie Dillard uses the pronoun
3. You should always travel without anitinerary so that one’s vacation turnsinto an adventure
4. If people don’t follow their dreams, youlose your zest for life
5. He takes a shortcut where you rarelyencounter traffic
See Lesson 17.6, pages 632–636.
1.1
Trang 40Writing in a Journal
A writer’s journal is a place to record thoughts for future reference In the following models, Joan Frances Bennett and Loren Eiseley use journals
to jot down impressions.
we achieved a mutual tolerance if not respect He had ceased torun with that flowing, lightninglike menace that is part of thehorror of centipedes to man; and I, in my turn, ceased to drivehim away from the woolly bathroom rug on which his finaldesires had centered
Loren Eiseley
The Lost Notebooks of Loren Eiseley
What features of this
journal entry are clues that
these are the personal
reflections of a scientist?
Literature Model
Sometimes when I come across an old photograph of myself,particularly one of those taken when I was ten or twelve orthereabouts, I stare at it for a while trying to locate the person Iwas then, among all the persons I’ve been, trying to see stretchedout down the years the magnetic chain linking the onlooker andthe looked at, the gay expectant child and the sober near-adult
If I am successful, and very often I am, the two merge and Irecall little snatches of life Running through the wet grass in thedusk of early evening My father’s vulnerable smile as I walkeddown the aisle on graduating from kindergarten
Joan Frances Bennett
Members of the Class Will Keep Daily Journals
What triggers Bennett’s
memory of her
kindergarten graduation?