Lý thuyết và bài tập + đáp án chuyên đề đảo ngữ

Đảo ngữ với các trạng từ phủ định NEVER không bao giờ, chưa bao giờ, RARELY ít khi, SELDOM hiếm khi, LITTLE hầu như không, HARDLY EVER hầu như không bao giờ Eg: She has never seen such

Lý thuyết và bài tập Chuyên đề: ĐẢO NGỮ

 Định nghĩa: Đảo ngữ là hiện tượng đảo ngược vị trí động từ hoặc trợ động từ lên trước chủ ngữ nhằm mục đích nhấn mạnh

 Các dạng đảo ngữ

I. Đảo ngữ với NO và NOT

Eg: I won’t lend you any money from now on

Not any/No money will I lend you from now on

Not a tear did she shed when the story ended in tragedy



II. Đảo ngữ với các trạng từ phủ định NEVER (không bao giờ, chưa bao

giờ), RARELY (ít khi), SELDOM (hiếm khi), LITTLE (hầu như không), HARDLY EVER (hầu như không bao giờ)

Eg: She has never seen such a beautiful house in her life

 Never in her life has she seen such a beautiful picture

I seldom listen to Rock music

NO + Noun + Auxiliary + S + Verb ( inf) NOT ANY + Noun + Auxiliary + S + Verb ( inf)

NEVER RARELY SELDOM + Auxiliary + S + verb ( inf) HARDLY EVER

 Seldom do I listen to Rock music

He hardly ever speaks in the public

 Hardly ever does he speak in the public

This is the first time I have seen such an interesting film

 Never before have I seen such an interesting film

III. Nhóm từ hardly…when, no sooner…than, scarcely…when (vừa

mới…thì)

Note: dùng để diễn đạt một hành động xảy ngay sau một hành động khác

Eg: Hardly had I arrived when I heard a terrible explosion

 Tôi vừa đến thì nghe một tiếng nổ khủng khiếp

Scarcely had we started lunch when the doorbell rang

 Chúng tôi vừa mới bắt đầu bữa con dừa thì chuông cửa reo

IV. Đảo ngữ với ONLY:

Eg: Only after a few days did I begin to see the results of my work

HARDLY (hầu như không)

NO SOONER (vừa mới) + Auxiliary + S + V

SCARCELY (chỉ mới, vừa vặn)

ONLY AFTER (chỉ sau khi) ONLY WHEN (chỉ khi) + Auxiliary + S + V ONLY THEN (chỉ sau đó)

ONLY IF (chỉ nếu)

 Chỉ sau một vài ngày tôi mới thấy được kết quả việc làm của mình

Only then did I understand the problem

 Chỉ sau lúc đó tôi mới hiểu ra được vấn đề

Note: chỉ cách làm gì

Eg: Only by hard work will we be able to accomplish this great task

 Chỉ bằng làm việc chăm chỉ chúng ta mới hoàn thành công việc nặng nề này Only by studying hard can you pass this exam

 Chỉ với học hành chăm chỉ bạn mới vượt qua kỳ thi này

Eg: Not only did we lose all our money, but we also came close to losing our lives

 Chúng tôi không chỉ mất hết tiền mà còn suýt mất mạng

Eg: Not only is he good at English but he can also draw very well

 Anh ấy không những giỏi tiếng anh mà còn vẽ đẹp

V. Đảo ngữ với until/till

ONLY BY + noun/Ving + Auxiliary/ model verbs + S + V

NOT ONLY + Auxiliary + S + V + BUT + S + also + V

NOT ONLY + To be + S + adj + BUT + S + also + V

NOT UNTIL/TILL + clause/Adv of time + Auxiliary + S + V

Note: mãi cho đến khi

Eg: Not until the war ended did he return to his native village

 Anh ấy không trở về làng quê của mình mãi cho đến khi chiến tranh kết thúc

I didn’t know that I had lost my key till I got home

(= Not until/ till I got home did I know that I had lost my key.)

 Tôi đã không biết mất chìa khóa mãi cho đến khi tôi về nhà

VI. Đảo ngữ với so that/such that

Eg: So strange was the situation that I couldn't sleep

 Tình huống này kì lạ khiến tôi không thể ngủ được

So difficult is the test that students need three months to prepare

 Bài kiểm tra khó tới mức mà các sinh viên cần 3 tháng chuẩn bị

Eg: So hard did he worked that he forgot his lunch

 Anh ấy đã làm việc chăm chỉ đến nỗi mà anh ấy quên cả bữa trưa

Note: Dùng SO MANY/FEW/MUCH/LITTLE + Noun không dùng SUCH Eg: So many books did he buy that he couldn't read them all

 Anh ấy đã mua nhiều sách đến nỗi mà anh ấy không thể đọc hết chúng

So much homework does Alice have that she can't finish it all

 Alice có nhiều bài tập về nhà đến nỗi mà cô ấy không thể làm xong hết

SO + ADJ + TO BE + NOUN + THAT

SO + ADV + Auxiliary + S + V + THAT

Eg: Such was a boring speech that I got sleepy

 Bài nói chán đến nỗi làm tôi buồn ngủ

Note: BE SO MUCH/GREAT -> SUCH BE NOUN

Eg: The force of the storm was so great that trees were uprooted

 Such was the force of the storm that trees were uprooted

 Cơn bão mạnh đến nỗi mà cây cối bật hết rễ

VII. Các cụm từ chỉ nơi chốn được nhấn mạnh

Eg: Near the old pagoda is a banian tree

 Một cây bàng mọc cạnh ngôi chùa cổ

On a hill stood a very beautiful castle

 Một lâu đài rất đẹp đứng sừng sững trên một ngọn đồi

VIII. Đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện ở mệnh đề IF

- Loại 1: Should + S + V,

Eg: Should she come late, she will miss the train

 Nếu cô ấy đến muộn, cô ấy sẽ nhỡ tàu

- Loại 2: Were S + to-V/ Were + S + O…

Eg: Were I you, I would work harder

SUCH + TO BE + NOUN

Clause of place + main verb + S (no auxiliary)

 Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ làm việc chăm chỉ hơn

Were I to know her, I would invite her to the party

 Nếu tôi biết cô ấy, tôi sẽ mời cô ấy đến bữa tiệc

- Loại 3: Had + S + P2,

Eg: Had my parents encouraged me, I would have passed exam

 Nếu bố mẹ động viên tôi, tôi đã đỗ kỳ thi

IX. Các dạng đảo ngữ khác

1 Tân ngữ đảo lên đầu câu

Eg: Not a single word did he say

 Anh ta không nói gì cả

2 Away/down/in/off/out/over/round/up + motion verb + noun/noun phrase

as a subject

Eg: Down fell a dozen of apples

 Một tá quả táo rơi xuống

Note: nếu đại từ nhân xưng làm chủ ngữ thì động từ phải để sau chủ ngữ

Eg: Away they went  Họ đã thoát khỏi

Round and round it flew  Nó bay vòng tròn

3 In/ Under no circumstances: Dù trong bất cứ hoàn cảnh nào cũng không

Eg: Under no circumstances should you lend him the money

 Dù trong bất cứ hoàn cảnh nào bạn cũng không nên cho anh ấy mượn tiền

4 On no account: Dù bất cứ lý do gì cũng không

Eg: On no accout must this switch be touched

 Dù bất cứ lý do gì cũng không được chạm vào cái công tắc này

5 Only in this way: Chỉ bằng cách này

Eg: Only in this way could the problem be solved

 Chỉ bằng cách này vấn đề mới có thể giải quyết

6 In no way: Không sao có thể

Eg: In no way could I agree with you

 Tôi không sao có thể đồng ý với bạn được

7 By no means: Hoàn toàn không

Eg: By no means does he intend to criticize your idea

 Anh ấy hoàn toàn không có ý định phê bình ý tưởng của bạn

8 Negative , nor + auxiliary + S + V

Eg: He had no money, nor did he know anybody from whom he could borrow

 Anh ấy không có tiền, anh ấy cũng không biết bất cứ ai anh ấy có thể mượn tiền

BÀI TẬP

Bài tập 1: Viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ

1 She had never been so happy before

12 The restaurant cannot accept animals under any circumstances

………

13 The artist rarely paid any attention to his agent's advice

………

Bài tập 2: Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không thay đổi

1 Her grief was so great that she almost fainted

1 Never … … me again

a will she love b she loves c she won't loved d she will love

2 Not only ………….but she is also very intelligent

a she is beautiful b beautiful she is

c is she beautiful d beautiful is she

3 No sooner……… out that it rained

a did I go b I went c had I gone d I had gone

4 Seldom……… the guitar

a he plays b does he play c he doesn't play d he does play

5 Hardly………… a word whether son came back

a couldn't she say b she could say

c she couldn't say d could she say

6 Often………… a meeting

a do we have b we do have c have we d we have

7 Many a time ………….he wants to marry me

a said he b he said c has he said d he has said

8 Only at weekend………….my kids to Water Park

a I don't take b do I take c I take d I do take

9 So old………… that she couldn't dance

a She wasn't b she was c wasn't she d was he

10 …………here yesterday, you would have met me

a Were you b you were c Had you been d You had been

11 On the battle field………

a the tanks did lie b the tanks lay

c did the tanks lie d lay the tanks

12 At no time …………greater opportunities

a did women had b has women had

c does women have d have women had

13 Not once………… into her eyes

a he looked b does he looked c did he look d looked he

14 ……… has the work bee so easy

a Never b Only by c When d For

15 Nowhere……… such cooperative staff

a you can find b you found c you could find d can you find

16 Never before ………… in an earnest attempt to resolve their differences

a have the leaders of these two countries met

b the leaders of these two countries have met

c have the leaders of these two countries meet

d met the leaders of these two countries

17 Not only the child, but also the grandparents ………

a is joining b joins c were joining d has joined

18 Seldom……… a newspaper

a buys Anna b does Anna buy

c bought Anna d Anna does buy

19 Not only……… at the post office, ………at the grocery store

a does Mary work/but she also works

b works Mary/but she also works

c does Mary work/but does she also work

d works Mary/but does she also work

20 No sooner……… the house than the phone started to ring

a had she entered b she had entered

c entered she d had entered she

Bài tập 4:

1 Only by saving money………… a house

a he buys b he can buy c can he buy d buy she

2 Not even once……… the truth

a he tells b he tell c tells he d has she told

3 Choose the correct inverted form

a Into the room came the teachers

b Not only lazy she is but she is naughty

c No sooner had he drunk a cup of coffee than he asked another

d A and c are correct

4 Not only……… beautiful but she is graceful as well

a did she b she was c is she d she is

5 No sooner ……….than he begins to be washed

a is a human being born b was a human being born

c a human being born d a human being had been born

6 Seldom ……… treated like that

a I have been b am I c I am d I had been

7 Over there………… the shop that sells souvenirs

a is b are c has d have

8 Never before……… such a disaster

a they suffer b they have suffered

c had they suffered d they had suffered

9 Only if I had known the difference…… the more expensive car

a would I bought b I would have bought

c would I buy d would I have bought

10.Neither Mary nor her friends………… going to the party

a is b are c was d a or b

11.Only once a day……… home

a does Mary leave b left Mary c Mary leaves d will Mary left

12 Only once a day ……… home

a we can speak b can we speak c we speak d we cannot speak 13.Many a time…… this mistake

a he makes b he has made c did he make d will he make

14 Never……… the exact cause of earthquakes

a scientists have discovered b did scientists discover

c do scientists discover d have scientists discovered

15 Nowhere else…………

a they can go b can they go c they can't go d can't they go

16 Only when at home ……… her children

a does she scold b she scolds c has she scolded d she has scolded

17 Not a penny……… me

a did he give b he gave c he has given d he has gave 18.No longer……… women bear a lot of children

a does b did c doing d do

19 Among them ……… several sacks of white flour

a were b is c be d are

20 On a hill in front of them……… a great castle

a standing b stand c to stand d stood

Bài tập 5:

1 Jim promised that he would never/ never would he tell anyone else

2 Not until it was too late I remembered / did I remember I call Susan

3 Hardly had we settle down in our seats than/when the lights went out

4 Only after checking three times I was/was I certain of the answer

5 At no time I was aware/was I aware of anything out of usual

6 Only Mary and Sally passed/ did they pass the final examination

7 So the waves were high/ So high were the waves that swimming was dangerous

8 Only when Peter has arrived / has Peter arrived can we begin the program

9 No sooner had it stopped raining than/when the sun came out

10 If should you leave early/ should you leave early could you leave me a lift?

Bài tập 6: Viết lại câu sử dụng NEVER

1 She has never been so happy before

Bải tập 7: Viết lại câu sử dụng đảo ngữ với NOT

1 He is my friend as well as yours

………

Bài tập 8: Viết lại câu sử dụng ONLY

1 I only realized how dangerous the situation had been when I got home

………

Bài tập 9:

1 He spent all his money He even borrowed some from me

7 A sleeping dog was lying under the table

Under the table _

8 His brother had rarely been more excited

24 We had only just arrived home when the police called

A it begins B does it begin C and begin D is it begin

2 ………… did Jerome accept the job

A Only because it was an interesting work

B Because it was an interesting work

C Only because it was an interested work

D The work was interesting

3 ……… great was the destruction that the south took decades to recovered

A Very B too C Such D So

4 …… The Charges found themselves 7-0 down

A Hardly had the games begun B Hardly the games had begun

C The games had hardly begun D Hardly had begun the games

5 Not until the fist land plants developed………

A land animals appeared B did land animals appear

C would land animals appear D the land animals appeared

6 Not until it was too late ……… to call Susan

A I remembered B did I remember C did I remembered D I did remember

7 Never before ……… Such a wonderful child

A I have seen B I had seen C I saw D have I seen

8 Hardly had we settle down in our seats ……… the lights went out

A than B when C then D after

9 Only after checking three times …………certain of the answer Jim promised that never would he tell anyone else

A I was B was I C were I D I were

10 Only when he is here ………

A he speaks English B does he speak English

C he can speak English D he does speak English

4 The young man came into the room

15 He had rarely met such a beautiful girl

Bài 1:

1 She had never been so happy before

> Never had she been so happy before

2 I have never heard such nonsense!

> Never have I heard such nonsense!

3 I have never seen such a mess in my life

> Never have I seen such a mess in my life

4 Public borrowing has seldom been so high

> Seldom has public borrowing been so high

5 They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony

> Seldom had they participated in such a fascinating ceremony

6 They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success

> Little did they suspect that the musical was going to be a runaway success

7 The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent

> Little did the embassy staff realize that Ted was a secret agent

8 I had hardly begun to apologize when the door closed

> Hardly had I begun to apologise when the door closed

9 The shop can in no way be held responsible for customers' lost property

> In no way can the shop be held responsible for customers’ lost property

10 The couple had no sooner arrived than the priest started the ceremony

> No sooner had the couple arrived than the priest started the ceremony

11 Tom only understood the meaning of the comment when he saw his wife's face