VẬN DỤNG KIẾN THỨC LIÊN MÔN ÐỂ GIẢI QUYẾT CÁC TÌNH HUỐNG THỰC TIỄN môn tiếng anh- tình huống tìm hiểu về đất nước Mĩ (Learn about the United States of America)

SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ÐÀO TẠO THÀNH PHỐ HÀ NỘI TRÝỜNG THPT NGUYỄN GIA THIỀU Ðịa chỉ: Số 27, ngõ 398, Ngọc Lâm, Long Biên, Hà Nội Email: c3nguyengiathieu@hanoiedu.com CUỘC THI VẬN DỤNG KIẾN THỨC LIÊN MÔN ÐỂ GIẢI QUYẾT CÁC TÌNH HUỐNG THỰC TIỄN Tên tình huống: tìm hiểu đất nước Mĩ (Learn about the United States of America) Môn học sử dụng để giải tình huông: Môn Tiếng Anh Các môn học tích hợp: Địa lý, lịch sử Thông tin học sinh (hoặc nhóm học sinh không người) Đỗ Trung Hiếu Ngày sinh: 10/2/1999 Lương Anh Phương Ngày sinh: 30/8/1999 Lớp: 10A4 Lớp: 10A4 The united states of America Population: 307,212,123 (July 2009 estimate) Capital: Washington D.C Area: 3,794,100 square miles (9,826,675 sq km) Bordering Countries:Canada and Mexico Coastline: 12,380 miles (19,924 km) The United States of America is the third largest country in the world based on population and The United States also has the world's largest economy and is one of the most influential nations in the world Flag of The United States of America 50 Stars = 50 States I.Geography: General characteristics The United States shares land borders with Canada (to the north) and Mexico (to the south), and a territorial water border with Russia in the northwest, and two territorial water borders in the southeast between Florida and Cuba, and Florida and the Bahamas The contiguous forty-eight states are otherwise bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the west, the Atlantic Ocean on the east, and the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast Alaska borders the Pacific Ocean to the south, the Bering Strait to the west, and the Arctic Ocean to the north, while Hawaii lies far to the southwest of the mainland in the Pacific Ocean Forty-eight of the states are in the single region between Canada and Mexico; this group is referred to, with varying precision and formality, as thecontinental or contiguous United States, and as the Lower 48 Alaska, which is not included in the term contiguous United States, is at the northwestern end of North America, separated from the Lower 48 by Canada The State of Hawaii is an archipelago in the Pacific Ocean The capital city, Washington, District of Columbia, is a federal district located on land donated by the state of Maryland (Virginia had also donated land, but it was returned in 1847.) The United States also has overseas territories with varying levels of independence and organization Government of the United States The U.S government is a representative democracy with two legislative bodies These bodies are the Senate and House of Representatives The Senate consists of 100 seats with two representatives from each of the 50 states The House of Representatives consists of 435 seats and are elected by the people from the 50 states The executive branch consists of the President who is also the head of government and chief of state On November 4, 2008 Barack Obama was elected as the first African American U.S president The U.S also has a judicial branch of government that is made up of the Supreme Court, the U.S Court of Appeals, U.S District Courts and State and County Courts The U.S is comprised of 50 states and one district (Washington D.C.) Economics and Land Use in the United States The U.S has the largest and most technologically advanced economy in the world It mainly consists of the industrial and service sectors The main industries include petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, food processing, consumer goods, lumber and mining Agricultural production, though only a small part of the economy, includes: wheat, corn, other grains, fruits, vegetables, cotton, beef, pork, poultry, dairy products, fish and forest products Geography and Climate of the United States The U.S borders both the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans and is bordered by Canada and Mexico It is the third largest country in the world by area and has a varied topography The eastern regions consist of hills and low mountains while the central interior is a vast plain (called the Great Plains region) and the west has high rugged mountain ranges (some of which are volcanic in the Pacific Northwest) Alaska also features rugged mountains as well as river valleys Hawaii's landscape varies but is dominated by volcanic topography Like its topography, the climate of the U.S also varies depending on location It is considered mostly temperate but is tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the plains west of the Mississippi River and arid in the Great Basin of the southwest Mount McKinley, Alaska, the highest point in North America at 6,168 m The eastern United States has a varied topography A broad, flat coastal plain lines the Atlantic and Gulf shores from the Texas-Mexico border to New York City, and includes the Florida peninsula The Great Plains lie west of the Mississippi River and east of the Rocky Mountains A large portion of the country's agricultural products are grown in the Great Plains.The Great Plains come to an abrupt end at the Rocky Mountains The Rocky Mountains form a large portion of the Western U.S., entering fromCanada and stretching nearly to Mexico The Rocky Mountain region is the highest region of the United States by average elevation The Rocky Mountains generally contain fairly mild slopes and wider peaks compared to some of the other great mountain ranges The highest peaks of the Rockies are found in Colorado, the tallest peak being Mount Elbert at 14,440 ft (4,400 m) The Rocky Mountains contain some of the most spectacular, and well known scenery in the world West of the Rocky Mountains lies the Intermontane Plateaus (also known as the Intermountain West), a large, arid desert lying between the Rockies and the Cascades and Sierra Nevada ranges The large southern portion, known as the Great Basin, consists of salt flats, drainage basins, and many small north-south mountain ranges The Southwest is predominantly a low-lying desert region A portion known as the Colorado Plateau, centered around the Four Corners region, is considered to have some of the most spectacular scenery in the world It is accentuated in such national parks asGrand Canyon, Arches, Mesa Verde National Park and Bryce Canyon, among others The Grand Canyon from Moran Point The Grand Canyon is among the most famous locations in the country The Intermontane Plateaus come to an end at the Cascade Range and the Sierra Nevada The Cascades consist of largely intermittent, volcanic mountains, many rising prominently from the surrounding landscape The Sierra Nevada, further south, is a high, rugged, and dense mountain range It contains the highest point in the contiguous 48 states, Mount Whitney (14,505 ft or 4,421 m)[1] It is located at the boundary between California's Inyo and Tulare counties, just 84.6 mi or 136.2 km west-northwest of the lowest point in North America at Badwater in Death Valley National Park, at 282 ft or 86 m below sea level These areas contain some spectacular scenery as well, as evidenced by such national parks as Yosemite and Mount Rainier West of the Cascades and Sierra Nevada is a series of valleys, such as the Central Valley in California and the Willamette Valley in Oregon Along the coast is a series of low mountain ranges known as the Pacific Coast Ranges Much of the Pacific Northwest coast is inhabited by some of the densest vegetation outside of the Tropics, and also the tallest trees in the world (the Redwoods) Alaska contains some of the most dramatic and untapped scenery in the country Tall, prominent mountain ranges rise up sharply from broad, flat tundra plains On the islands off the south and southwest coast are many volcanoes Hawaii, far to the south of Alaska in the Pacific Ocean, is a chain of tropical, volcanic islands, popular as a tourist destination for many from East Asia and the mainland United States The Atlantic coast of the United States is low, with minor exceptions The Appalachian Highland owes its oblique northeast-southwest trend to crustal deformations which in very early geological time gave a beginning to what later came to be the Appalachian mountain system This system had its climax of deformation so long ago (probably in Permian time) that it has since then been very generally reduced to moderate or low relief It owes its present day altitude either to renewed elevations along the earlier lines or to the survival of the most resistant rocks as residual mountains The oblique trend of this coast would be even more pronounced but for a comparatively modern crustal movement, causing a depression in the northeast resulting in an encroachment of the sea upon the land Additionally, the southeastern section has undergone an elevation resulting in the advance of the land upon the sea While the Atlantic coast is relatively low, the Pacific coast is, with few exceptions, hilly or mountainous This coast has been defined chiefly by geologically recent crustal deformations, and hence still preserves a greater relief than that of the Atlantic The low Atlantic coast and the hilly or mountainous Pacific coast foreshadow the leading features in the distribution of mountains within the United States The east coast Appalachian system, originally forest covered, is relatively low and narrow and is bordered on the southeast and south by an important coastal plain The Cordilleran system on the western side of the continent is lofty, broad and complicated having two branches, the Rocky Mountain System and the Pacific Mountain System In between these mountain systems lie the Intermontaine Plateaus Both the Columbia River and Colorado River rise far inland near the easternmost members of the Cordilleran system, and flow through plateaus and intermontaine basins to the ocean Heavy forests cover the northwest coast, but elsewhere trees are found only on the higher ranges below the Alpine region The intermontane valleys, plateaus and basins range from treeless to desert with the most arid region being in the southwest Elevation extremes: • Lowest point: Death Valley, Inyo County, California −282 ft (−86 m) below sea level • Highest point: Mount McKinley, Denali Borough, Alaska +20,237 ft (6,168 m) above sea level II.History: By 1640 England had founded of the 13 colonies that would become the original United States In 1660, Charles II was crowned king of England Charles founded or took over six more colonies: New York (taken from the Dutch in 1664), New Jersey, Pennsylvania (including what became Delaware), and North and South Carolina All were proprietary colonies—huge land grants to individuals or small groups who had been loyal to the king during the civil war Charles II These colonies shared other similarities as well None of them was well–funded; they could ill afford to import colonists from overseas Thus they tried to attract settlers from other colonies as much as from the Old World These colonies made it easy to own land, and they tended to grant religious toleration to all Christians The result (even though Pennsylvania began as a Quaker colony under the wealthy proprietor William Penn) was a more ethnically mixed and religiously pluralistic European Colonial Society The colonies over which the English were beginning to exercise control were growing rapidly In 1700 approximately 250,000 Europeans and Africans were living in what would become the United States In 1775 there were approximately 2.5 million Much of the increase was due to immigration: the forced migration of enslaved Africans, and the willing migration of English, Scots-Irish, and Germans American Revolution During the 18th century, tensions between the American colonies and the British government began to arise as the American colonists were subject to British taxation but had no representation in the British Parliament These tensions eventually led to the American Revolution which was fought from 17751781 On July 4, 1776, the colonies adopted the Declaration of Independence and following the American victory over the British in the war, the U.S was recognized as independent of England In 1788, the U.S Constitution was adopted and in 1789, the first president, George Washington, took office Following its independence, the U.S grew rapidly and the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 nearly doubled the nation's size The early to mid-1800s also saw growth on the west coast as the California Gold Rush of 1848-1849 spurred western migration and the Oregon Treaty of 1846 gave the U.S control of the Pacific Northwest Slavery Despite its growth, the U.S also had severe racial tensions in the mid-1800s as African slaves were used as laborers in some states Tensions between the slave states and non-slave states led to the Civil War and eleven states declared their secession from the union and formed the Confederate States of America in 1860 The Civil War lasted from 1861-1865 when the Confederate States were defeated The 20th Century Following the Civil War, racial tensions remained through the 20th century Throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the U.S continued to grow and remained neutral at the beginning of World War I in 1914 It later joined the Allies in 1917 The 1920s were a time of economic growth in the U.S and the country began to grow into a world power In 1929 however the Great Depression began and the economy suffered until World War II The U.S also remained neutral during this war until Japan attackedPearl Harbor in 1941, at which time the U.S joined the Allies US Soldier uniform in WW2 and Vietnam War Following WWII, the U.S economy again began to improve The Cold War followed shortly thereafter as did the Korean War from 1950-1953 and the Vietnam War from 1964-1975 Following these wars, the U.S economy for the most part grew industrially and the nation became a world superpower concerned with its domestic affairs because public support waivered during previous wars 10 Wall Street – Symbol of The US Financial III Culture: The culture of the United States is primarily Western, but is influenced by African, Native American, Asian, Polynesian, and Latin American cultures The United States of America has its own unique social and cultural characteristics such as dialect, music, arts, social habits, cuisine, and folklore The United States of America is an ethnically and racially diverse country as a result of large-scale migration from many ethnically and racially different countries throughout its history as well as differing birth and death rates among natives, settlers, and immigrants Architecture Architecture in the United States is regionally diverse and has been shaped by many external forces, not only English U.S architecture can therefore be said to be eclectic, something unsurprising in such a multicultural society In the absence of a single large-scale architectural influence from indigenous peoples such as those in Mexico or Peru, generations of designers have incorporated influences from around the world Currently, the overriding theme of American Architecture is modernity, as manifest in the skyscrapers of the 20th century 11 Early Neoclassicism accompanied the Founding Father's idealization of European Enlightenment, making it the predominant architectural style for public buildings and large manors However, in recent years, suburbanization and mass migration to the Sun Belt has allowed architecture to reflect a Mediterranean style as well Media and Entertainment The U.S media and entertainment (M&E) industry is comprised of businesses that produce and distribute motion pictures, television programs and commercials along with music and audio recordings, radio, games and publishing The U.S M&E market, which represents a third of the global industry, and is the largest M&E market worldwide, is expected to reach about $546 billion in 2014 The Social Media 12 Literature The right to freedom of expression in the American constitution can be traced to German immigrant John Peter Zenger and his legal fight to make truthful publications in the Colonies a protected legal right, ultimately paving the way for the protected rights of American authors In the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, American art and literature took most of its cues from Europe During its early history, America was a series ofBritish colonies on the eastern coast of the present-day United States Therefore, its literary tradition begins as linked to the broader tradition of English literature However, unique American characteristics and the breadth of its production usually now cause it to be considered a separate path and tradition America's first internationally popular writers were James Fenimore Cooper and Washington Irving in the early nineteenth century They painted an American literary landscape full of humor and adventure These were followed by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allan Poe, Herman Melville, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and Henry David Thoreau who established a distinctive American literary voice in the middle of the nineteenth century Mark Twain 13 Mark Twain, Henry James, and poet Walt Whitman were major figures in the century's second half; Emily Dickinson, virtually unknown during her lifetime, would be recognized as America's other essential poet Eleven U.S citizens have won the Nobel Prize in Literature, including John Steinbeck, William Faulkner, Eugene O'Neill, Pearl S Buck, T S Eliot and Sinclair Lewis Ernest Hemingway, the 1954 Nobel laureate, is often named as one of the most influential writers of the twentieth century.[16] A work seen as capturing fundamental aspects of the national experience and character— such as Herman Melville's Moby-Dick (1851), Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885), and F Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby (1925)—may be dubbed the "Great American Novel" Popular literary genres such as theWestern and hardboiled crime fiction were developed in the United States 14 ... each of the 50 states The House of Representatives consists of 435 seats and are elected by the people from the 50 states The executive branch consists of the President who is also the head of. .. on the west, the Atlantic Ocean on the east, and the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast Alaska borders the Pacific Ocean to the south, the Bering Strait to the west, and the Arctic Ocean to the. .. miles (19,924 km) The United States of America is the third largest country in the world based on population and The United States also has the world's largest economy and is one of the most influential