Tiếng anh chuyên ngành 2

 Answers: 1, There are 4 forms of equity: Owner’s capital: this is the capital provided by the owner of the company Venture capital: this capital is provided by venture firms Unlisted s

Tiếng anh chuyên ngành 2

Unit 16: Corporate finance

I, Questions

1, What is corporate finance ? its functions?

- Corporate finance is a broad term that is used to collectively identify the

various financial dealings undertaken by a corporation.

- One main function of corporate finance is to make wise use of the

financial resources available to the company.

- Also, another goal is to ensure that the company is achieving maximum

benefits from available financial resources at the minimum costs.

2, What does corporate finance involve ?

- Corporate finance involves planning, raising, investing and monitoring

the finance

- The financial manager has to make decisions on sources of the finance and efficient use of the finance Also, he has to get the maximum return on the finance while minimizing the cost of finance, the wastage and misuse of

the finance

II, Sentences

- Corporate finance / broad/ term / used/ collectively /identify / various/

financial /dealings/ undertake/ corporation

- One/ core / function / responsible / corporate finance / make / wise use/ financial / resources/ available / company

- Ultimately/ goal / ensure / corporation / achieve / maximum / benefit /

available / financial / resource

- Finance / be / collect / many sources / shares / debentures/ banks/ financial institution / creditors/etc

- There / two / types / corporate finance/ : fixed / capital/ working / capital /

- Fixed capital / use / purchase / fixed assets / like / land / buildings/

machinery / etc

- While / working / capital/ use / purchase / raw materials/pay/day-to-day expenses.

III, Từ vựng

Dividend (n) : cổ tức

Profitability (n) : khả năng sinh lời

Collective (adj) : chung

Unit 17: FUNDING THE BUSINESS

 Questions:

1, What are 4 forms of equity? How are they created?

2, What are the advantage and the disadvantage of long-term loans?

3, How can a company raise its capital?

 Answers:

1, There are 4 forms of equity:

Owner’s capital: this is the capital provided by the owner of the company

Venture capital: this capital is provided by venture firms

Unlisted securities market: This is money raised from outside investors (who

don’t interfere in the running of the company)

Stock exchange: This is the capital raised by issuing fresh shares (sold) to the

public

2, The advantage of long-term loans is that companies can go to diffirent sources

such as clearing banks, merchant banks and even pension funds to borrow money

The disadvantage of the long-term loans is that companies have to secure the

debts over fixed assets of the business and interest must be paid whether they make

a profit or not

3, A company can raise its capital by issuing shares (equity financing) or

borrowing from banks (debt financing); there are 4 forms of equity: owner’s

capital, venture capital, unlisted securities market and stock exchange Also,

company can raise capital through long-term debts (from clearing banks, merchantbanks or pension funds) but they have to secure the debts over fixed assets andinterest must be paid

 Sentences:

1, Gearing/ relationship/ between/ equity capital/ invest/ business/ long-term debts

2, Successful time/ owners/ have/ claim/ all/ net profit/ company

3,Venture capital/ usually/ provide/ venture firms/ interest/ finance/high-growth/companies

Unit 18: Management of working capital

I Questions

1.What are 2 types of working capital? Its purposes?

- There are 2 types of working capital is permanent and temporary working

capital

- The permanent working capital is needed in keeping the business flowing

during the year

- The temporary working capital is needed from time to time to deal with

cyclical, seasonal, unexpected fluctuation in the business

2 What are 3 major applications of working capital?

-Firstly inventories include raw materials, work-in-progress and finished goods -Secondly debtors consist of payment due to supplier and payment owed by

customers

-Finally cash, which is needed for both normal and abnormal requirements

3 What are main tasks of financial manage in managing working capital?

Tasks of financial manages in managing working capital are:

- Firstly in managing inventories, the job of financial manager is to minimize the

level of raw materials, work in progress and finished goods

- Secondly in managing debtors, the financial manager has to achieved a balance

between getting and giving goods credit term with supplier and customers

- Finally sound cash management is needed for both normal and abnormal

requirements

II/sentences

1 Profitability/determined/ part/ way/company/ manage/ working capital

2 Principal/functions/financial/management/provide/correct/amount/working capital/right/time/right/place/realize/greatest/return/investment

3 Working capital/initially/broken down/2 types/permanent/temporary

4 Job/financial/manager/minimize/stocks/raw

materials/level/work-in-progress/quantity/finished/goods

What are the main tasks of financial manager in managing working capital? Three applications of working capital Main tasks of manager in working

capitalFirstly, inventories which include raw

materials, working in progress and

finished goods

Secondly, debts which consists of

payment due to suppliers and payment

owed by customers

Finally, cash which needed for both

normal and abnormal requiment

Firsly, managing investories It is job

of the financial manager to minimize the level of the raw materials, work-in-progress and finished goods

Secondly, in managing debts, the fob

of financial in to achieve a balance betwen getting and giving credit terms with suppliers and customers

Finally, in managing cash, sound cash managerment insured that cash is available for both normal and abnormal requiment

III KEY WORDS

Permanent working capital : vốn lưu động thường xuyên

Temporary working capital : vốn lưu động không thường xuyên

At the right time

In the right place

Be broken down

Tie up =use to

The business flowing

Take account of = deal with

Unit 19: Marketing

I Questions

1 What are 4 Ps in the Marketing Mix?

There are 4Ps in the Marketing mix: Product, Place, Promotion and Price.

- Aspects to be considered in marketing products include: quality, features,

style, brand name, size, packaging, services and guarantee

- Place includes such factors as distribution channels, locations of points of

sales, transport, inventory size, etc

- Promotion includes advertising, publicity, sales promotion and personal

selling

- Price includes the basic list price, discounts, credit terms, the length of

payment period

II Sentences

1 As well/satisfy/ existing needs, marketers/ also anticipate/create /new ones

2 Once /target market be/ identify/ company/ have to/ decide /what/ goods or services/offer

3 marketing concept/ have to/ understand /throughout/company,/production department/ as much/ in /marketing department itself

4 Rather/ risk/ launch/ product or service/ the basic/ guesswork,/ most companies /undertake/ market research

5 Companies/ collect / analyze/ information / size / potential market/ or

/consumers’ reactions/ particular product features…

6 It / be/job /product manager / brand manager / look for ways/ increase sales/ by/change/ marketing mix

1 As well as satisfying existing needs, marketers can also anticipate and create new ones

2 Once the target market has been identified, a company has to decide what goods

or services to offer

3 The marketing concept has to be understood throughout the company, in the production department as much as in the marketing department itself

4 Rather than risk launching a product or service on the basic of guesswork, most companies undertake market research.

5 Companies collect and analyze information about the size of the potential market or the consumers’ reactions to particular product features…

6 It is the job of a product manager or a brand manager to look for ways to

increase sales by changing the marketing mix

III Key words:

- To look for market opportunities

- To do/undertake market research

- To launch a product or service

- To identify/anticipate a consumer need

 What is the important role of price?

Price is the amount of money given in payment for goods or services

Price has operated as a major determinant of buyers’ choice, apart from

other non-price factors

Price is one of the most important elements in the marketing mix

determining company market share and profitability.

Price is the only element in the marketing mix that produces revenue.

 What are the common mistakes when setting price?

Pricing is too cost-oriented

Pricing is not revised often enough to capitalize on market changes.

Pricing is set independently of the rest of the Marketing mix

Pricing is not varied enough for different products items or market

segments

 How do companies handle pricing?

- In small companies, prices are set by top management.

- In large companies, prices are set by divisional and product line

managers Top management sets the general pricing objectives and policies

and approves proposed prices.

- In industries where prices are set by a pricing department which sets

prices or assists other department in determining prices

II/ Sentences

1 Through/most/history/price/set/buyer/seller/negotiate/each other

2 Through/most/history/price/operate/major determinant/buyer/choice

3 Non-price/factors/become/relatively/more/important/buyer-choice/behavior/recent/decades

4 Price/still/remains/one/the most/important /elements/determine/

III/ Key words

to capitalize part of the profit:

divisional and product line manager

independent

Unit 21:What is accounting?

I Questions

1.What are types of accounting information?

Financial accounting information refers to information describing financial

resources,obligations and activities of an economic entity

This information is used by investors,creditors,managers or tax authorities,ect

Management accounting information involves the development and

interpretation of accounting information to a assist management in running the business

This information is used by managers ,employees in setting general objectives and evaluating the performance of departments and individuals and in making all types of managerial decisions

Tax accounting information: Two important aspects of tax accounting are the

preparation of income tax returns and tax planning, therefore this accounting onformation is often adjusted or reorganized to conform with income tax reportingrequirements

This information is used by tax authorities

1a.What are differences between financial accounting and management

3.To adjust or reorganize to conform:điều chỉnh,tổ chức lại cho phù hợp

4.Record in journal entries containing at least two accounts(one debited and one credited) ghi vào mục chứa tài khoản có,nợ.

5.Correcting entries: điều chỉnh mục

6.Post ledger: ghi vào sổ cái

7.Current balances: số dư hiện tại

8.Unadjusted trial balance:cân đối thử chưa điều chỉnh

9.Temporary accounts: tài khoản tạm thời

Permanent accounts: tài khoản thường xuyên

10.Cost accounting: hạch toán chi phí

11.Accounting cycle: chu kì kế toán

Accounting process: quy trình kế toán

UNIT 22: FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

I Questions

1.What are responsibilities of accountant?

Responsibilities of an accountant are:

- In daily business operations, an accountant records all business

transactions in a journal

- Periodically, the accountant transfers figures from journal to ledger (it’s

a book containing all the accounts on the company)

- The accountant uses the information in the accounts to construct financial

statements

2 What are 3 types of financial statements?

3 types of financial statements are:

1 Income statement which shows the company's earnings and

expenditure.

It usually gives figures for total sales (turnover) and costs (overhead)

2 Balance sheet which shows a company’s financial situation on a

particular date (the last day of fiscal year)

It lists the company’s assets, liabilities, shareholders’ funds

3 The statement of changes in financial position (cashflow statement)

which shows the flow of cash out and in the business between

balance sheet dates

4 Ledger/ be/ book/ contain/ all/ account/ company.

5 An account/ be/ financial record/ contain/ information/ about/ group/ similar/transactions

6 Design/ maintenance/ interpretation/ information/ record/ accounts/ refer/ as/ accounting

7 Accountant/ use/ information/ account/ construct/ financial/ statements

8 Balance sheet/ show/ company’s financial situation/ particular date/

generally/ last day/ financial year

9 Balance sheet/ list/ company’s assets/ its liabilities/ shareholders’ fund10.Application of fund/ include/ purchases/ fixed assets/ financial asset/

payment of dividend/ repayment of loans/ in a bad year- trading losses

Unit 25: FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

 what is financial analysis and its functions?

Financial analysis is the selection, evaluation and interpretation

of financial data, along with other pertinent information, to assist ininvestment and financial decision-making

Financial analysis may be used internally to evaluate issues such

as employee performance, the efficiency of operations and creditpolicies, and externally to evaluate potential investments and thecredit-worthiness of borrowers, among other things

 what are sources of financial data?

Data provided by the company in its annual reports and otherrequired disclosures

Economic data, such as GDP, CPI…, and market data

Event explaining the company’s present condition and its futureprospects

 classification of financial ratio

By construction, ratios can be classified into:

Interpretation: giải thích, thuyết minh

Along with other pertinent informations: cùng với những thông tin hữu ích khácEfficiency of operations: tính hiệu quả của các hoạt động

Credit policy: chính sách tín dụng

To evaluate potential investment: đánh giá tiềm năng đầu tư

The credit-worthiness of borrowers: khả năng chi trả của khách hàng

Internally: bên trong nội bộ, externally: bên ngoài nội bộ

Required to disclose: tài liệu bắt buộc công bố

A chain of retail outlets: một chuỗi các cửa hàng bán lẻ

Future prospect: viễn cảnh trong tương lai

Extraordinary losses: Những tổn thất bất thường

Classification of financial ratios: phân loại các hệ số tài chính

Classify into: phân loại thành

To meet financial obligations: đáp ứng được những nghĩa vụ tài chính

In terms of: liên quan đến

A coverage ratio: hệ số thanh toán

A return ratio: tỷ suất sinh lời

A turnover ratio: tỷ suất doanh thu

A component percentage: tỷ suất thành phần ( tỷ lệ phần trăm cấu thành)

A liquidity ratio: khả năng trả nợ ngắn hạn

A profitability ratio: tỷ suất khả năng sinh lời ( thuộc nhóm hệ số hiệu quả hoạt

động, giáo trình TCDN/116 :3)

An activity ratio: tỷ suất hoạt động

A financial leverage ratio: tỷ suất đòn bẩy tài chính

kiểm toán nội bộ

12.Continously (adv): liên

b.What are roles of internal auditors?

- Auditors continously review operating procedures andfinancial records and report to management on currentfinancial state of the company

- They also make suggestions to management forimprovements in the standard operating procedures

- Finally, they check the completeness and accuracy ofaccouting records to make sure that all irregularities arecorrected

II building sentences

1 Auditing/ accounting/ function/ that/ involve/ thereview/ evaluation/ financial records

2 Even/ those companies/ that/ not/ conduct/ internal