Phương pháp nghiên cứu khoa học

GIỚI THIỆU – LÀM QUEN NGƢỜI TRÌNH BÀY LÊ ĐỨC LONG BỘ MÔN KĨ THUẬT DẠY HỌC KHOA CNTT , ĐHSP TP.HCM Email: longld@hcmup.edu.vn ldlongdhsp@gmail.com Website: http://www.2learner.edu.vn ĐỐI TƢỢNG TRIỂN KHAI SINH VIÊN KHOA CÔNG NGHỆ THÔNG TIN -Sĩ số, lớp trưởng -Thành phần , tình trạng thân, điều kiện học tập Edited by Duc-Long, Le - 2012 TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC SƯ PHẠM TP HCM KHOA CÔNG NGHỆ THÔNG TIN 280, An Dương Vương, Q5, Tp HCM ĐT: (08).8352020 - 8352021 BỘ MÔN KĨ THUẬT DẠY HỌC PHƢƠNG PHÁP NGHIÊN CỨU KHOA HỌC Introduction to Scientific Research Projects Lê Đức Long Email: longld@hcmup.edu.vn; ldlongdhsp@gmail.com Website: http://www.2learner.edu.vn Edited by Duc-Long, Le - 2012 Một số quy ƣớc slide  Tắt hình máy tính  Được dùng máy tính  Làm việc theo nhóm  Ghi chép văn TỰ NGHIÊN CỨU- ĐỌC THÊM Edited by Duc-Long, Le - 2012 NỘI DUNG CHƢƠNG TRÌNH Edited by Duc-Long, Le - 2012 Đọc và tự nghiên cứu … Tài liệu tham khảo Edited by Duc-Long, Le - 2012 Vài phút suy ngẫm … https://sachweb.com/sach-nghien-cuu-m10/sach-gs-ts-nguyen-van-tuan-57/sach-tunghien-cuu-den-cong-bo-ky-nang-mem-cho-cac-nha-khoa-hoc-e1041/ https://sachweb.com/sach-nghien-cuu-m10/sach-gs-ts-nguyenvan-tuan-57/sach-di-vao-nghien-cuu-khoa-hoc-e825/ Edited by Duc-Long, Le - 2012 pla·gia·rism Hãy đọc và nghiên cứu … Các viết site blog của tác giả: GS.TS Nguyễn Văn Tuấn wwww.nguyenvantuan.net http://tuanvannguyen.blogspot.com/ http://www.youtube.com/user/drnguyenvtuan/videos Nguyễn Văn Tuấn nhà khoa học y khoa chuyên dịch tễ học di truyền loãng xương Ông giáo sư thỉnh giảng cao cấp Đại học New South Wales, Úc http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_V%C4%83n_Tu%E1%BA%A5n Edited by Duc-Long, Le - 2012 TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC SƯ PHẠM TP HCM KHOA CÔNG NGHỆ THÔNG TIN 280, An Dương Vương, Q5, Tp HCM ĐT: (08).8352020 - 8352021 BỘ MÔN KĨ THUẬT DẠY HỌC THẾ NÀO LÀ VĂN HÓA VÀ ĐẠO ĐỨC TRONG NGHIÊN CỨU KHOA HỌC? Lê Đức Long Email: longld@hcmup.edu.vn; ldlongdhsp@gmail.com Website: http://www.2learner.edu.vn Edited by Duc-Long, Le - 2012 Làm gì với chủ đề này … Edited by Duc-Long, Le - 2012 Đạo văn là gì? PLAGIARISM pla·gia·rism [pley-juh-riz-uhm, -jee-uh-riz-] ―Đạo văn chiếm dụng ý tưởng, quy trình, kết người khác, câu từ mà không đưa khoản chi phù hợp (được hiểu sự cám ơn, sự ghi nhận kết quả, sự ghi nhận tham chiếu), bao gồm người lấy thông tin qua việc xem lén đề cương nghiên cứu thảo người khác.‖ Trong nghiên cứu khoa học, vấn đề ‗tối kị‘ (academic dishonesty, journalistive ethics) http://ori.hhs.gov/avoiding-plagiarism-self-plagiarism-and-other-questionable-writing-practicesguide-ethical-writing Edited by Duc-Long, Le - 2012 10 Ví dụ minh họa Trích dẫn nguồn, có giving credit t.giả Tham khảo viết lại theo lời văn mình Edited by Duc-Long, Le - 2012 16 Tự đạo văn – có hay không? Khi đạo văn được khái niệm trộm cắp, khái niệm tự đạo văn có thể dường không thể Sau tất cả, người ta có thể đặt câu hỏi: Có thể ăn cắp mình? Như Hexam (1999) ra, có thể ăn cắp từ người tham gia vào tham ô, gian lận bảo hiểm Bằng văn bản, tự đạo văn xảy tác giả sử dụng lại công việc văn trước họ liệu sản phẩm viết ‗cái mới' mà không để cho người đọc biết tài liệu xuất nơi khác Theo Hexam, chất của tự đạo văn tác giả cố gắng để đánh lừa người đọc công bố một nghiên cứu mới!!! http://ori.hhs.gov/avoiding-plagiarism-self-plagiarism-and-other-questionable-writing-practicesguide-ethical-writing Edited by Duc-Long, Le - 2012 17 Link: http://library.csusm.edu/plagiarism/howtoavoid/ Chart from: Avoiding Plagiarism 2002 Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL) 14 August 2002 [Note: chart from old version of site.] Edited by Duc-Long, Le - 2012 18 How to avoid plagiarism http://library.csusm.edu/plagiarism/howtoavoid/ Since most plagiarism is unintentional, the best way to avoid plagiarism is to develop good habits of scholarship and writing, and to be familiar with the concepts related to plagiarism Some of the necessary habits of scholarship are simple common sense When writing a paper: o give yourself enough time to a good job Students who procrastinate are more likely to plagiarize because rushing makes them sloppy (Being out of time is also the primary incentive for deliberate dishonesty.) o revise your paper Significant re-writing can eliminate plagiarized passages o proofread for errors Proofreading can help you find missing citations and quotation marks, as well as other errors Using other people’s ideas is a recognized and important part of being a good scholar It becomes plagiarism only if credit is not given appropriately to the original source The very same uses of other people’s material that might be considered plagiarism if presented in one way are not considered plagiarism if they are presented correctly Xem thêm link: http://www.indiana.edu/~wts/pamphlets/plagiarism.shtml Edited by Duc-Long, Le - 2012 19 Avoiding plagiarism http://library.csusm.edu/plagiarism/howtoavoid/how_avoid_notes.htm The following strategies can help you avoid these problems when you are taking notes  Always include information about your source with the notes from that source For example, put the source information on the reverse side of a note card if you use cards or copy the title page if you are photocopying parts of a book  Put quotation marks around direct quotes, the information that you have copied word-for-word from the source You can also use a highlight color or some other code that identifies exact copy material  It is better to copy your sources exact words than closely paraphrase or slightly alter the author’s words It is difficult to safely use closely paraphrased material at a later time, when you are actually writing your paper You run the risk of plagiarizing if you don’t remember which words were the author’s and which were yours  Many sources recommend the best way to take notes is to close the ‘book,’ not look at your source, to ensure you are writing your own interpretation of the ideas in your own words Once you’ve written your version, you can check the original source for accuracy and to make sure you didn’t accidentally use the author’s original wording The result is a true paraphrase or summary  In some manner highlight true paraphrases you have written in your notes (underline, highlighter pen, highlight color in a wordprocesser, or some other method) so you remember to properly acknowledge the original author’s ideas if you include the information in your final paper  If your professor accepts as common knowledge information that appears in a number of sources, it is worth noting the sources where potential common knowledge items appear so you can objectively determine if they meet the criteria Edited by Duc-Long, Le - 2012 20 CÁC TÌNH HUỐNG VỀ ‘ĐẠO VĂN’ http://www.vanderbilt.edu/CenterforEthics/cases.html https://www.spj.org/ethicscasestudies.asp https://dornsife.usc.edu/dilemmas-and-case-studies/ http://journalism.indiana.edu/resources/ethics/ Edited by Duc-Long, Le - 2012 21 How to credit sources http://library.csusm.edu/plagiarism/howtocredit/ Website Plagiarism Prevetation for Students Why Cite? Citing your sources has several specific benefits for you the student Of course, a primary benefit is that it shows you are crediting your sources and so avoiding the possibility of plagiarizing Even more important though is that it gives you credit It is concrete documentation of the hard work you have done in researching the background of your topic including the ideas other people have had on the subject Professors generally respect and reward well-researched papers Citations accomplish several purposes: Identify the source of an idea, specific words, or other material in order to acknowledge its contribution to your paper It is the existence of these acknowledgments, or lack there of, that is the determiner of whether material has been plagiarized Enable the reader to locate the original source:  so that they may verify the accuracy of your information, and  so that they may use it in their own research In fact, a highly successful research strategy is to locate one good source and then use the citations in it‘s bibliography and notes to identify additional relevant sources Provide the reader with a sense of the relevance and quality of the sources used in researching the paper and, hence, a sense of the quality of the paper Indicators of quality include:  the variety of sources from different viewpoints and mediums (print and online),  the source‘s appropriateness to the topic as inferred from the title,  the sources objectivity as implied by the type of site (.com vs .edu) and sponsoring organization, and  the authority or expertise on this topic of the author or sponsoring organization of the Web site Edited by Duc-Long, Le - 2012 22 Link: Website Plagiarism Prevetation for Students http://library.csusm.edu/plagiarism/howtocredit/how_credit_overview.htm Overview of Attribution Attribution, at its most basic level, requires that you include a bibliographic citation for each source that you use These citations usually appear in a list at the end of the paper in a section titled variously bibliography, endnotes, references, and works cited Footnotes, which provide the full citation on the same page as the information cited, may also be used The type of list you use depends on whether you also refer to, or cite, the source in the text of your document Bibliographies and references usually list all the sources you used in the course of your research whether or not you end up citing them in your paper Endnotes, footnotes and works cited only include citations for those sources you directly cite in the body of your text Endnotes and footnotes are formatted such that a direct tie is established to the location in the text where the source is cited The citation style you use and your professor‘s preferences usually determine the type of citation list you should use Citing a particular source within the text of your paper involves an additional format — a brief mention of the source at the point it is used This mention of the source cited in the body of the paper is usually tied to the full citation located in either a footnote or an endnote There are a two common ways you can identify or ‗cite‘ a source in the body of your paper One is to provide a signal phrase, usually the author‘s name, as a lead-in to the quote or other information from the source Another method uses an identifier, such as a number or the author‘s last name in parentheses, after the quote or reference Typical elements in bibliographic citations from the print publication world include:  author, editor, translator, organization (corporate author) or other creator of the content  title and subtitle  indication of which edition or version  name of journal, series, encyclopedia, or other parent publication in which the work appears  publication information  place of publication  name of publishing body  date of publication A comment about quotation marks Quotation marks typically are used to indicate the beginning and ending of directly quoted material — words copied exactly from the original source However, quotation marks can also be used for other purposes, particular, as scare quotes Scare quotes are used to emphasize particular words, often to indicate irony or a special or atypical use of language such as slang Edited by Duc-Long, Le - 2012 23 Link: Website Plagiarism Prevetation for Students http://library.csusm.edu/plagiarism/howtocredit/how_credit_styles.htm Citation styles Rules for citing sources and citation formats can get complicated A number of style guides have been developed that provide consistency in how information is cited Some of the most common styles are APA, Chicago, and MLA Citation styles are often associated with certain professional groups and disciplines For instance, APA, American Psychological Association, is often used in the sciences while MLA, Modern Language Association, is popular in the literature and humanities area Some professors don‘t care which citation style you use as long as you are consistent The following lists the major style guides and an Internet site which outlines the style Note that while the Internet sites are convenient they usually only have the most basic information For all the rules and exceptions, look at the official manual published by the style‘s sponsor Rules for citation styles change over time, particularly recently with the Internet, so it is important to use the latest edition Any library will have some, if not all, of these style guides Edited by Duc-Long, Le - 2012 24 Dạng viết tham khảo 01 APA Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed (2009) Washington, DC : American Psychological Association The basic format for citing Web sources in APA style is: Author’s name (last name, first and any middle initials) (Date of Internet posting or revision) Title of page Title of complete work [if applicable] Retrieval statement Ví dụ: Neyhart, D & Karper, E (2008) APA formatting and style guide Purdue University Online Writing Lab Retrieved Aug 29, 2011, from:http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/ American Psychological Association (2011) "Basics of APA Style" APAStyle.org Retrieved Aug 29, 2011, from: http://www.apastyle.org/learn/tutorials/basics-tutorial.aspx For more examples, see citations in the What is Plagiarism? section of this site Edited by Duc-Long, Le - 2012 http://library.csusm.edu/plagiarism/howtocredit/how_credit_styles.htm 25 Dạng viết tham khảo 02 Chicago University of Chicago Press, The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th ed Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 2010 The basic format for citing Web sources in Chicago style is: Author’s name (in normal order), name of page, date of Internet posting or revision, or other retrieval information (date of access), text division (if applicable) Ví dụ "Chicago-Style Citation Quick Guide" The Chicago Manual of Style Online, accessed August 29, 2011, For more examples, see citations in the How to Credit Sources section of this site Edited by Duc-Long, Le - 2012 http://library.csusm.edu/plagiarism/howtocredit/how_credit_styles.htm 26 Dạng viết tham khảo 03 MLA Gibaldi, Joseph MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 5th ed New York, Modern Language Association of America, 1999 The basic format for citing Web sources in MLA style is: Author or editor’s name (last name first) Name of site Name of institution/organization affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher), date of resource creation (if available, use n.d of no publishing date given) Medium of publication Date of access Ví dụ Kunka, Jennifer Liethen and Joe Barbato MLA Works Cited: Electronic Sources Purdue University Online Writing Lab, June 2011 Web 29 Aug 2011 For more examples, see citations in the How to Avoid It section of this site More information on citing online sources (including Web pages, full-text articles in journal databases, e-mail, live chat, etc.) for these styles and others can be found in: California State University San Marcos, Citation Style Guides, 2011, Edited by Duc-Long, Le - 2012 http://library.csusm.edu/plagiarism/howtocredit/how_credit_styles.htm 27 Một bài học … http://nguyenvantuan.net/culture/5-culture/1106-qyou-inside-meq-hay-van-nan-chuyen-nguEdited by Duc-Long, Le - 2012 28 Lịch nộp và chấm bài Lớp CNTT – K39 -Ngày nộp: 31/05/2014 – mở trước tuần (15/05) (đ/v nhóm sinh viên gồm 3-4 thành viên thực đề tài) -Nội dung nộp: - Đề cương chi tiết – 3~5 trang - Báo cáo kết nghiên cứu (lý thuyết) – 8~12 trang - Bài trình bày multimedia (5-7 slides chính) – 10 phút báo cáo - Nội dung tự nghiên cứu – điều kiện cần Edited by Duc-Long, Le - 2012 29 TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC SƯ PHẠM TP HCM KHOA CÔNG NGHỆ THÔNG TIN 280, An Dương Vương, Q5, Tp HCM ĐT: (08).8352020 - 8352021 BỘ MÔN KĨ THUẬT DẠY HỌC Cám ơn đã theo dõi … Lê Đức Long Email: longld@hcmup.edu.vn; ldlongdhsp@gmail.com Website: http://www.2learner.edu.vn 30