Tp Khoa hc - Cụng ngh Thy sn S 2/2016 THONG BAO KHOA HOẽC NGHIấN CU C IM DINH DNG C THIU (Arius thalassinus Ruppell, 1837) STUDY ON NUTRITION PARAMETERS OF GAINT SEA CATFISH (Arius thalassinus Ruppell, 1837) Trn Vn Phc1, Nguyn ỡnh Móo2 Ngy nhn bi: 13/4/2015; Ngy phn bin thụng qua: 20/10/2015; Ngy duyt ng: 15/6/2016 TểM TT Cỏ thiu l loi cú giỏ tr kinh t Cỏ thiu c nghiờn cu c im dinh dng ti Kiờn Giang t thỏng 8/2010 n thỏng 7/2014 Mu cỏ c thu hng thỏng t ng dõn v cỏc ch a phng Kt qu nghiờn cu cho thy, cỏ thiu cú ming rng; rng hm nhn v sc; rng vũm ming nh v mc thnh cm; rng hu nh, nhỏm v mc thnh cm Thc qun ngn, rng v thnh dy D dy ln, hỡnh ch V, thnh dy v cú nhiu np gp bờn Tng quan gia chiu di rut v thõn cỏ thiu l 1,76 Thnh phn thc n a dng v phong phỳ gm 23 loi thuc nhúm: cỏ (14 loi 60,87%), ng vt giỏp xỏc (6 loi - 26,09%), ng vt da gai (2 loi 8,70%), ng vt thõn mm (1 loi 4,35%) Tn sut cỏc nhúm thc n khỏc nhau, nhúm cỏ chim 60,46%, nhúm ng vt thõn mm l 38,46%, nhúm ng vt giỏp xỏc l 32,97% v nhúm ng vt da gai l 24,18% Cỏ thiu l loi n ng vt v n tng ỏy T khúa: no, tn sut thc n, tiờu húa, thc n, tng quan ABSTRACT Gaint sea catsh is a commercial valuable species The this study was carried out in Kien Giang province from August, 2010 to July, 2014 Specimens were collected from shermen and local markets once a month The results showed that the giant sea catsh was large mouth, molar tooth pointed, vomerine toothplate small - consisting of three four separate patches, fauces toothplate small - consisting of two separate patches Oesophagus was short and wide Stomach was large and V- shape Relative length of the gut was 1.76 The composition of food items was very diversifed including 23 species identied There were four groups, shes (14 species - comprised about 60.87%), crustacean (6 species - about 26.09%), teleosts (2 species - about 8.70%) and molluscs (1 species - about 4.35%) Percentage composition of food group was different, shes group comprised about 60.46%, mollusc group about 38.46%, crustacean group about 32.97% and teleosts group about 24.18% Gaint sea catsh was a voracious carnivore and primarily a bottom feeder Keywords: Fullness stomach, percentage composition of food, digestion, food, correlation I T VN Cỏ Thiu Arius thalassinus (Ruppell, 1837) l loi phõn b tng i rng cỏc vựng bin Trờn th gii, cỏ thiu phõn b cỏc vựng bin Bin , Tõy Bc n Dng, Philippines v 1, 2: Vin Nuụi trng thy sn Trng i hc Nha Trang 62 TRNG I HC NHA TRANG Vnh Thỏi Lan [12] Vit Nam, cỏ thiu phõn b hu ht cỏc vựng bin Vnh Bc B, Trung B, ụng Nam B v Tõy Nam B Trong ú, chỳng trung nhiu nht vựng bin Tõy Nam B [1] õy l loi cỏ cú kớch thc ln Tp Khoa hc - Cụng ngh Thy sn S 2/2016 (cú th t 15kg/cỏ th) v cú giỏ tr kinh t ln v Phũng thớ nghim Mụi trng thuc nht h cỏ ỳc (Ariidae) (70.000 ng/kg) Trng i hc Nha Trang Tng s mu Trờn th gii v Vit Nam n nay, nhng nghiờn cu v c im dinh dng cỏ thiu nghiờn cu v c im sinh hc cỏ thiu cũn l 240 mu Cỏc ni dung nghiờn cu nh ng rt hn ch, ch yu l nghiờn cu v phõn tiờu húa (Quan sỏt, mụ t ming, hm, rng, loi, phõn b v s lc c im sinh trng cung mang, lc mang, d dy, rut cỏ); Tng v v sinh sn ca cỏ thiu Mt quan gia chiu di ton thõn v rut (Relative nhng c im sinh hc quan trng cn length of the gut - RLG) (n = 190): RLG = Lr/Lt [3]; nghiờn cu l c im dinh dng cỏ thiu Xỏc nh no d dy (n = 240) gm bc: Cỏc ni dung cn nghiờn cu nh hỡnh thỏi t bc n bc [9]; Ch s no (FI): cu to c quan tiờu húa, no, thnh phn v FI = (S d dy cú cựng no/Tng s d dy tn sut xut hin thc n õy l ln u tiờn mu) x 100 [7] (n = 240); Ch s d dy rng t nghiờn cu c im dinh dng cỏ (CV): CV = (ES/TS) x 100 [8] (n = 240); Xỏc thiu Mc tiờu ca nghiờn cu l xỏc nh d nh thnh phn thc n (n = 91): nghiờn cu liu c im dinh dng cỏ thiu, gúp phn thnh phn thc n theo phng phỏp ca hon thin c s d liu v c im sinh hc Pillay (1953) v Biswas (1993) [13], [4]; Nghiờn v lm c s khoa hc cho nghiờn cu sinh cu tn s xut hin cỏc loi thc n theo h s sn nhõn to cỏ thiu tng lai Vỡ vy, % ca cỏc thnh phn thc n cú d dy nghiờn cu c im dinh dng ca cỏ thiu l cp thit v cú ý ngha khoa hc ln II VT LIU V PHNG PHP NGHIấN CU Nghiờn cu c thc hin t thỏng 08/210 n thỏng 07/2014 trờn i tng cỏ Thiu (Arius thalassinus Rỹppell, 1837) (Lt 448 mm) Mu cỏ thiu thu ti cng cỏ Tc Cu - huyn cỏ [2] (n = 91): % S liu thu thp c x lý bng phn mm Microsoft Excel 2007 III KT QU NGHIấN CU V THO LUN Cu to ng tiờu húa ca cỏ thiu 1.1 Khoang ming hu ca cỏ thiu Chõu Thnh; ch Rch Si v Nụng Lõm Hi Kt qu quan sỏt hỡnh thỏi cu to ng tiờu húa sn - TP Rch Giỏ, tnh Kiờn Giang Mu cỏ ca cỏ thiu cho thy cỏ cú ming di v rng, c phõn tớch ti Trng i hc Kiờn Giang c hai hm u cú rng nh nhn v sc (hỡnh 1) Hỡnh Hỡnh dng ming ca cỏ thiu Hỡnh Hỡnh dng rng ca cỏ thiu a: rng hm trờn; b: rng vũm ming; c: rng hu v d: thc qun TRNG I HC NHA TRANG 63 Tp Khoa hc - Cụng ngh Thy sn Cỏ thiu cú rng hm trờn nhiu, nhn sc v hng vo trong; rng vũm ming nh, nhỏm v mc thnh - cm ln mi bờn (õy l mt nhng du hiu phõn loi ca loi); rng hu nh, nhỏm v mc thnh cm hai bờn (hỡnh 2) S 2/2016 Cỏ thiu cú cung mang hỡnh li lim, lc mang mnh, di v tha S lc mang trờn cung mang th nht dao ng t 10 - 13, ch yu l 13 (chim 57,08%, n = 233) Lc mang l h thng que sn gn vo xng cung mang, lc mang i din vi t mang, lc mang cú mu trng (hỡnh 3) Hỡnh Hỡnh dng cung mang (a), lc mang (b) v t mang (c) cỏ thiu 1.2 Thc qun, d dy v rut ca cỏ thiu khụng thc n dao ng t 35 - 270g Cỏ thiu cú thc qun rt ngn, rt rng v v cú kh nng cha thc n n 1500g (hỡnh thnh dy (hỡnh 2, d) 4, 5) D dy cỏ thiu tng i ln hỡnh ch Rut cỏ cú hỡnh ng v khỏ di (Lr = 590 V, thnh d dy dy v bờn d dy cú 2750 mm, trung bỡnh l 1445,82 317,12 mm) nhiu np gp Khi lng d dy cỏ thiu (hỡnh 6) Bng Kớch thc rut v d dy cỏ thiu TT Ch tiờu/S mu Dao ng Trung bỡnh Khi lng rut (g)/n=190 10 250 64,56 31,60 Chiu di rut (mm)/n=190 590 2750 1445,82 317,12 Khi lng d dy cú thc n (g)/n=240 40 1500 165,76 88,59 Khi lng d dy khụng thc n (g)/n=240 35 270 104,77 42,44 Hỡnh Hỡnh dng mt s ni quan ca cỏ thiu a: d dy; b: rut; c: búng hi; d: gan 64 TRNG I HC NHA TRANG Tp Khoa hc - Cụng ngh Thy sn Hỡnh Hỡnh dng d dy cỏ thiu T kt qu nghiờn cu v cu to ng tiờu húa ca cỏ thiu v so sỏnh vi nghiờn cu ca Blaber v cng s (1994) [5] cú th nhn nh rng: cỏ thiu thuc nhúm cỏ n tht ng vt vỡ cú ming rng; rng hm nhn v sc, rng vũm ming hỡnh thnh nhiu cm ln, cú rng hu; lc mang tha; d dy ln v cú nhiu np gp Tuy nhiờn, tớnh n ca cỏ thiu cn nghiờn cu thờm v thnh phn v tn sut xut hin thc n cú kt lun chớnh xỏc v khoa hc hn Tng quan gia chiu di ton thõn v rut cỏ thiu Chiu di ton thõn cỏ thiu dao ng t 448 - 1119 mm, trung bỡnh l 778,02 133,88 mm Khi lng cỏ thiu dao ng t 890 - 15.495 g/con, trung bỡnh l 5.145,98 2.640,80 g/con (n = 360) Cỏ thiu l loi cú kớch thc ln nht h cỏ ỳc (Ariidae) S 2/2016 Hỡnh Hỡnh dng rut ca cỏ thiu Chiu di rut cỏ thiu dao ng t 590 - 2750 mm v trung bỡnh l 1445,82 317,12 mm Tng quan gia chiu di ton thõn v rut cỏ thiu c xỏc nh: Lr/Lt = 0,98 - 2,46, trung bỡnh l 1,76 0,29 (n = 190) Kt qu nghiờn cu cho thy, < Lr/Lt < nh vy cỏ thiu l loi n Tuy nhiờn xỏc nh chớnh xỏc cỏ thiu n i tng gỡ thỡ cn nghiờn cu thờm v thnh phn v tn sut xut hin thc n ca chỳng Thnh phn v tn sut (%) xut hin thc n ca cỏ thiu 3.1 Thnh phn thc n ca cỏ thiu Kt qu phõn tớch thnh phn thc n 91 mu d dy cỏ thiu c trỡnh by bng v minh hỡnh Hỡnh Mt s loi thc n ca cỏ thiu TRNG I HC NHA TRANG 65 Tp Khoa hc - Cụng ngh Thy sn S 2/2016 Bng Thnh phn thc n d dy cỏ thiu (n = 91) TT Tờn khoa hc Tờn Vit Nam Loligo chinensis Gray, 1849 Mc ng Holothuria sp Hi sõm en Ambassis burensis Bleeker, 1856 Cỏ sn Branchiostegus japonicus (Houttump, 1782) Cỏ ng Portunus pelagics (Linnaeus, 1766) Gh xanh Scylla serratta (Forskal, 1775) Cua bin Acetes sp Ruc Stromateoides argenteus (Euphrasen, 1788) Cỏ chim trng Leiognathus equulus (Forskal, 1775) Cỏ lit chm lng 10 Epinephelus areolatus (Forsskal, 1775) Cỏ mỳ chm 11 Asterias rubens Linnaeus, 1758 Sao bin 12 Terapon puta (Cuvier, 1829) Cỏ cng vy nh 13 Secutor ruconius (Hamilton, 1822) Cỏ lit lng 14 Harpiosquilla harpax (De Haan, 1884) Tụm tớt (bin) 15 Penaeus monodon Fabricus, 1798 Tụm sỳ 16 Scylla olivacen Herbst, 1796 Cua 17 Synaptura ortentalis (Bloch & Schneider, 1795) Cỏ bn lỏ mớt 18 Upeneus sp Cỏ phốn 19 Aluterus monoceros (Linnaeus, 1758) Cỏ bũ gai lng 20 Decapterus sp Cỏ nc 21 Alepes kleinii (Bloch, 1793) Cỏ ngõn 22 Acentrogobicus caninus (Valenciennes, 1837) Cỏ bng tro 23 Platycephalus indicus (Linnaeus, 1758) Cỏ chai n Thnh phn thc n ca cỏ thiu khỏ a dng v phong phỳ bao gm 23 loi thuc nhúm: nhúm cỏ (14 loi - 60,87% tng s loi), ng vt thõn mm (1 loi - 4,35%), ng vt da gai (2 loi - 8,70%) v ng vt giỏp xỏc (6 loi - 26,09%) Nh vy cú th khng nh rng, cỏ thiu l loi cú ph thc n rng Thnh phn thc n ca cỏ thiu cng tng t thnh phn thc n ca mt s loi khỏc thuc h cỏ ỳc (Ariidae) nh Galeichthys felis [10], Arius felis [15], Arius truncatus v A caelatus [6], A thalassinus [14], Tachysurus thalassinus [11] 66 TRNG I HC NHA TRANG 3.2 Tn sut xut hin thc n ca cỏ thiu Tn sut xut hin cỏc nhúm thc n d dy cỏ thiu khỏc Nhúm cỏ chim t l l 60,46%, nhúm ng vt thõn mm chim t l l 38,46%, nhúm ng vt giỏp xỏc chim t l l 32,97% v nhúm ng vt da gai chim t l l 24,18% (hỡnh 8) Kt qu nghiờn cu ny cú khỏc hn so vi nghiờn cu ca Mojumder (1968) ó xỏc nh tn sut (%) xut hin cỏc nhúm thc n ca loi Tachysurus thalassinus (tờn ng danh ca loi Arius thalassinus Ruppell, 1837) Cỏc loi thc n nh cua, tụm, mc v giỏp xỏc chim 67%; cỏ xng chim 22% v thõn mm chim 4% [11] Tp Khoa hc - Cụng ngh Thy sn S 2/2016 Hỡnh Tn sut cỏc nhúm thc n d dy cỏ thiu Tn sut xut hin cỏc loi thc n ng (38,46%), hi sõm en (19,78%), cỏ sn d dy cỏ thiu khỏc Cỏc loi thc n (16,48%), cỏ ng (10,99%), cua (7,69%), gh thng gp d dy cỏ thiu nh mc (7,69%) v ruc (7,69%) (bng 3) Bng Tn sut xut hin cỏc loi thc n d dy cỏ thiu (n = 91) TT 10 11 12 Tờn Vit Nam Mc ng Hi sõm en Cỏ sn Cỏ ng Gh xanh Cua bin Ruc Cỏ chim trng Cỏ lit chm lng Cỏ mỳ chm Sao bin Cỏ cng vy nh Tn sut (%) 38,46 19,78 16,48 10,99 7,69 7,69 7,69 6,59 4,40 4,40 4,40 3,30 TT 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Tờn Vit Nam Cỏ lit lng Tụm tớt (bin) Tụm sỳ Cua Cỏ bn lỏ mớt Cỏ phốn Cỏ bũ gai lng Cỏ nc Cỏ ngõn Cỏ bng tro Cỏ chai n Tn sut (%) 3,30 3,30 3,30 3,30 2,20 2,20 2,20 1,10 1,10 1,10 1,10 Kt qu phõn tớch v thnh phn v tn sut xut hin thc n cho thy, cỏ thiu cú ph thc n rng, l loi n ng vt no ca d dy v mt s ch s dinh dng khỏc ca cỏ thiu 4.1 no v ch s no (FI) a s mu cỏ thiu nghiờn cu cú no dao ng t bc n bc 4, ch yu l bc chim 37,07% v bc chim 36,67% Ch s no (FI) cỏ thiu c minh hỡnh Ch s no FI cao nht bc v Hỡnh Ch s no d dy cỏ thiu (n = 240) TRNG I HC NHA TRANG 67 Tp Khoa hc - Cụng ngh Thy sn 4.2 Ch s d dy rng, CV Ch s d dy rng, CV = 37,07%, (20 CV < 40) (n = 240) iu ny cho thy, cỏ thiu l loi tng i phm n Kt qu nghiờn cu ny nhm minh thờm v tớnh n ca cỏ thiu IV KT LUN V KIN NGH Kt lun Cỏ thiu cú ming di v rng; rng hm nhn v sc, rng vũm ming hỡnh thnh nhiu cm ln, cú rng hu; cú cung mang v lc mang tha; d dy ln hỡnh ch V v cú nhiu np gp; rut hỡnh ng v di Thnh phn thc n ca cỏ thiu khỏ a dng v phong phỳ bao gm 23 loi (14 loi cỏ, loi giỏp xỏc, loi ng vt da gai v loi thõn mm) S 2/2016 Tn sut xut hin cỏc nhúm thc n: nhúm cỏ chim 60,46%, nhúm ng vt thõn mm chim 38,46%, nhúm ng vt giỏp xỏc chim 32,97% v nhúm ng vt da gai chim 24,18% Tn sut xut hin cỏc loi thc n: mc ng (38,46%), hi sõm (19,78%), cỏ sn (16,48%), cỏ ng (10,99%), cua (7,69%), gh (7,69%) v ruc (7,69%) Ch s no (FI) d dy cỏ bc v chim ch yu (73,74%) Cỏ thiu l cỏ n ỏy, ph thc n rng v cỏ n ng vt Kin ngh Cn nghiờn cu b sung v c im dinh dng ca cỏ thiu giai on cỏ nh (Lt < 448 mm) TI LIU THAM KHO 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ting Vit B Thy sn (1996) Ngun li thy sn Vit Nam Trng ban Ban biờn tp: Nguyn Tn Trnh NXB Nụng nghip H Ni Pravdin I F (1963) Hng dn nghiờn cu cỏ Phm Th Minh Giang dch NXB Khoa hc v K thut, 278 trang Ting Anh AlHusaaini, A.H (1949), On the functional morphology of the alimentary tract of some shes in relation to differences in their feeding habits: Anatomy and histology Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, Vol s3-90: 109-139 Biswas SP (1993), Manual of Methods in Fish Biology 1st Edn., South Asian Publishers Pvt Ltd., New Delhi, ISBN: 1-881318-18-4, pp: 157 Stephen J M Blaber, David T Brewer and John P Salini (1994), Diet and dentition in tropical ariid catshes from Australia, Journal of Environmental Biology of Fishes, Volume 40, Number 2: 159-174 Pang Suh Cern (1990), Some aspects of biology of Arius truncatus (C&V) and Arius caelatus (Val.) (Osteichthyes, Tachysuridae) in the Sungai Salak mangrove estuary, Sarawak, Malaysia Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture Malaysia Dadzie, D., F Abou-Seedo and E Ai-Qattar (2000), The food and feeding habits of the silver pomfret, Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen), in Kuwait waters Journal of Applied Ichthyology Volume 16, Issue 2: 61-67 Euzen, O (1987), Food habits and diet composition of some sh of Kuwait Kuwait Bull Mar Sci., 9: 58-65 Lebedev, N Y (1946), Elementary population sh Zool Zhurn., 25, 121 - 135 Merriman D (1940), Morphological and embryo1 ogical studies on two species- of marine catsh, Bagre marinus and Galeichths felis Zoologica 25 (13): 221 - 248 Mojumder (1968), Food of catsh Tachysurus thalassinus (Ruppell) Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute; Sub-station, Visakhaptnam Nelson JS (2006), Fishes of the World, John Wiley & Sons, Inc ISBN 0471250317 Pillay, T V R C (1953), A Critique of methods of study food of sh J Zool Soc India 4: 185 - 200 Rainbott W.J (1996), Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong FAO species identication eld guide for shery purposes Rome, FAO, 265 p Yanez-Arancibia A, Lara-Dominguez AL (1988), Ecology of three sea catshes (Ariidae) in a tropical coastal ecosystem - Southern Gulf of Mexico Marine ecology Progress series, Vol 49: 215 - 230 68 TRNG I HC NHA TRANG