Thiết kế bài giảng hóa học 12 tập 2

CAO C U GlAC (Chii bien) Thiet kebdi gidng H6A HOC 12 TAP HAI ffi N H A XUAT BAN HA N0I TS CAO CU G I A C (Chu bien) - ThS HO THANH THUY *• _r e% -« THIET KE BAI GIANG m TflTP HW NHA XUAT BAN HA NOI Chirong DAI ClTOfNG VE KIM LOAI Bai 17 V! TRI CUA KIM LOAI TRONG B A N G T U A N H O A N V A C A U T A O C U A KIM LOAI A MUC TIEU BAI HOC Kiln thii'c HS biit: • Vi tri cua kim loai bang tuan hoan • Cau tao cua nguyen tu kim loai va cau tao tinh the ciia kim loai • Lien ket kim loai HS hieu: Mot so kieu cau true tinh the kim loai (mang tinh the luc phucmg, lap phuang tam dien, lap phuang tam khoi) KT nang • Suy dien: Tu vi trf cua kim loai suy cau tao va tinh chat • So sanh: Lien ket kim loai vai cac loai lien ket khac Tinh cam, thai dp Vai tro kim loai cuoc s6ng, bao ve va khai thac hop li tai nguyen, khoang san cua dat nuac B C H U A N B! C U A GV VA HS • GV: - Bang tuan hoan cac nguyen to hoa hoc - Bang phu ve so cau tao va ghi ban kinh cua nguyen tu cua cac nguyen to thuoc chu ki - Tranh ve kieu mang tinh thi cua kim loai » HS: - Xem truac noi dung bai hoc - Tap lam mot so mo hinh ve tinh thi kim loai C TI^N TRINH DAY - HOC Hogt dgng cua GV Hogt dong ciia HS Hogt dgng I VI TRI CUA KIM LOAI TRONG BANG TUAN HOAN GV chieu bang tuan hoan co to mau cac kl hieu nguyen to len man hinh (hoac treo bang tuan hoan len bang) cho HS thao luan GV huang dan HS tim vi tri cua kim loai bang: - Kim loai la cac nguyen to dugc to mau vang a bang tuan hoan - Phi kim la cac nguyen to dugc to mau tim a bang tuan hoan Yeu cau HS xac dinh vi tri cua kim HS quan sat thao luan cho ket qua: loai Vi tri kim loai gom: - Nhom IA din VIA (Nhom IA tru H nhom IIIA tru B) va mot phan nhom IVA,VA, VIA -NhomlBdInVIIIB - Hai ho Lantan va Actini GV bd sung: Ngoai each xac dinh a tren thi kim loai nam a: - Khoi nguyen to s (trir H, He) - Mot so a khoi nguyen to p - Toan bo khoi nguyen to d, f GV yeu cau HS riit ket luan ve vi tri ciia kim loai HS thao luan cho ket qua: Hogt dgng cda HS Hogt dgng cua GV - Kim loai chiem da so vi tri bang tuan hoan - Kim loai nam a phia dual ben trai cua bang tuan hoan II CAU TAO CUA KIM LOAI Hogt dgng I Cau tao nguyen tu" GV: Yeu cau HS viet cau hinh HS viet cau hinh ciia cac nhom electron nguyen tu ciia cac nguyen to - Kim loai: kim loai nNa, ^Mg, 13AI, 26Fe va iiNa: Is 2s 2p 3s cac nguyen to phi kim jjP jgS, 17CI i2Mg: Is 2s 2p 3s*' nAl: ls"2s 2p 3s 3p 26Fe: ls''2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s - Phi kim: 15P: Is 2s 2p 3s 3p igS: Is 2s 2p 3s 3p 17CI: ls"2s 2p 3s 3p GV: So sanh so electron a lop ngoai So electron a Idp ngoai ciing cua kim loai Cling cua cac nguyen tii kim loai, phi tii 1-3 electron phi kim thi thuang co kim tren va riit ket luan nhieu electron (tir 4-^7 electron tru H va hiem) Ket luan: Nguyen tir ciia hau hit cdc nguyen td kim logi deu cd it electron a GV diing bang phu ve sa cau tao va ghi ban kinh ciia nguyen tii thuoc chu ki (ban kinh nguyen tii dugc bilu dien bang nanomet, nm): lap ngodi cung (1-3 electron) Hogt dgng cua GV llNa i2Mg 13AI u S i ]5P Hogt dgng cda HS 16S 17CI 0.157 0,136 0,125 0,117 0,110 0,104 0,099 Yeu cau HS riit nhan xet ve su bien HS quan sat cac so lieu va nhan xet: thien ciia dien tich hat nhan va ban Trong cung chu ki, nguyen tic ciia nguyen kinh nguyen tu to kim logi cd bdn kinh nguyen tic lan han vd dien tich hat nhdn nhd han so vai nguyen tic cita nguyen to phi kim Hogt dgng Cau tao tinh the GV nhic lai mgt s6 kilu tinh thi da I HS nghien cuu SGK va len bang ve lai hgc a lap 10 Sau HS nghien ciiu cau triic tinh the kim loai SGK ve noi dung cau tao tinh the kim a) Mang tinh thi luc phwffng loai Yeu cau HS: - Neu cau triic cac loai tinh the (mo ta hinh ve) - Nhan xet ve dac kbit cua mang - Cac nguyen tii, ion kim loai nam tren tinh the kim loai cac dinh va tam cac mat cua hinh luc giac - Lay vi du mgt so kim loai diing va nguyen tu, ion nam phia - So sanh cac loai tinh the kim loai ciia hinh luc giac - Nguyen tii va ion chiem 74% lai 26% la khong gian - Vidu: Be, Mg, Zn, b) Mang tinh thi lap phirffng tam dien Hogt dgng cua HS Hogt dgng cda GV - Cac nguyen tu, ion kim loai nam tren cac dinh va tam cac mat cua hinh lap phuang - Nguyen tu va ion chiem 74% lai 26% la khong gian - Vidti: Cu, Ag, Au, Al, c) Mang tinh thi lap phutfng tdm khdi - Cac nguyen tu, ion kim loai nam tren cac dinh va tam ciia hinh lap phuang - Nguyen tu va ion chiem 68% lai 32% la khong gian -Fz't/w.-Li,Na,K,V,Mo, GV giai thieu: Trong tinh the kim logi, nguyen tu vd ion kim logi ndm a nhiing nut mang tinh the Cdc electron hod tri lien kit yeu vai hat nhdn nen de tach khdi nguyen tic vd chuyin dgng tu mang tinh thi Hogt dgng Lien ket kim loai GV: Dua tren c4u tao mang tinh the kim loai, phan tich, dien giang kien thiic lien ket kim loai Cl trang thai long va ran, cac nguyen tii kim loai lien ket vai bang mgt Hogt dgng cua GV Hogt dgng cua HS kieu lien ket hoa hgc rieng ggi la lien kit kim logi GV yeu cau HS nghien ciiii SGK va neu khai niem lien ket kim loai HS nghien ciiu SGK va nhan xet: - Lien ket kim loai la lien ket dugc hinh giQa cac nguyen tii va ion kim loai mang tinh the su tham gia ciia De kliac sau kien thiic ve lien ket kim cac electron tu loai vai cac lien ket khac GV yeu cau HS thao luan cho ket qua HS so sanh: - Lien ket kim loai vai lien ket cong + Lien ket kim logi v&i lien kit cong hoa tri hod tri Gidng nhau: Deu co su gop chung, diing chung electron Khdc nhau: - Lien ket cong hoa tri chi gop chung mgt so cap electron - Lien ket kim loai gop chung hau het cac electron tu cua nguyen tir kim loai - Lien ket kim loai vai lien ket ion + Lien kit kim logi v&i lien kit ion Giong nhau: Deu co ban chat la lire hut tinh dien giira ion duang vai phan tir mang dien tich am Khdc nhau: - Lien ket ion la luc hut tmh dien giiia ion am vai ion duong - Lien ket kim loai la luc hut tmh dien giira electron vai ion kim loai Hogt dgng cua HS Hogt dgng cua GV Hogt dgng CUNG CO B A I V A B A I T A P V E N H A GV chieu cac bai tap sau len man HS quan sat theo luan cho ket qua hinh cho HS thao luan ciing c6 noi dung bai hgc: Bai Lien ket kim loai la lien ket Dap an A dugc hinh do: A Su gop chung electron hoa tri ciia cac nguyen tir kim loai B Cac electron tu kim loai phan xa tot nhiing tia sang tai C Do su gop chung mgt so cap electron hoa tri D Sir gop chung toan bg electron cua cac nguyen tir kim loai Bai Cho cac nguyen to co so hieu Dap an C nguyen tir la 12, 17, 1, 26, 24, 9, 7, 15 So nguyen tir la kim loai la A 12, 17, 1.26,24 B 17, 1,9,7, 15 C.12, 26, 24, D 12,26,24, 7, 15 Bai tap ve nha: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, (SGK) D HU-aNG DAN GIAI BAI TAP TRONG SGK Chgn dap an B Chgn dap an D Chgn dap an B Chgn dap an C nNaOH = 0,03.1 =0,03 (mol) n^^so, = 0,15.0,5 = 0,075(mol) Phuang trinh hoa hgc: M + H2SO4 + H2SO4 -^ MSO4 + H2 (1) 2NaOH -^ Na2S04 + 2H2O (2) 0,015(mol) ACI2 Fe + ACI2 -^ FeCb + A Taco: A-56 — X = 0,8 => x 0,8 A-56 Theo bai ra, ndng FeCl2 dung dich la 0,25M nen so mol FeC^ la 0,25.0,4 = 0,1 (mol) -^ - ^ ^ = 0,1 => A = 64 (Cu) A-56 ^cn=T^cua, = - ^ = 0,2(mol) 0,2 Nong cua muoi B (CUCI2) dung dich C la = 0,5(M) 0,4 10 B+ A -^—^ X + Y + H2O B+C ^ ^ D Dot chay hgp chat X tren nggn lira den thiy nggn lira cd mau vang Cac chit A, B, C, D, X, Y lin lugt la: A NaCl, NaOH, Cl2,H2, NaCIO, HCl B NaOH, CI2, H2,HCI, NaCI, NaCI03 C NaOH, CI2, H2,HCI, NaCI, NaCI02 D NaOH, CI2, H2, HCl, NaCI03, NaCI Ddp dn D 6.13 Cho mau Na vao dung dich cac chit (rieng biet) sau: Ca(HC03)2(l), CuS04(2), KNO3 (3), HC1(4) Sau cac phan ling xay xong, ta thiy cac dung dich cd xuat hien kit tiia la A (l)va(2) B ( l ) v a ( ) C (l)va(4) D (2) va (3) Ddp dn A 6.14 Vat lieu thudng dugc dung de diic tugng, san xuit phin vilt bang, bo bgt bi gay xuang la A CaC03 B CaO C CaS04 D MgS04 Ddp dn C 6.15 Cho 4,48 lit CO2 vao 150 ml dung dich Ca(0H)2 IM, cd can hdn hgp cac chat sau phan ling ta thu dugc chat ran cd khoi lugng la A 18,1 gam B 15 gam C 8,4 gam D 20 gam Ddp dn B Hogt dgng S A T V A MOT SO KIM LOAI QUAN TRONG 7.1 Cation kim loai M cd cau hinh electron cua phan Idp ngoai ciing la 3d Vay cau hinh electron ciia M la: A ls^2s^2p^3s^3p^3d^4s^ B ls^2s^2p^3s^3p^3d^ C l s V p ^ s ^ p V d ^ D ls^2s^2p^3s^3p^3d^4s^4p' Ddp dn A 287 7.2 Cho Fe tac dung vdi dung dich AgN03 du thi sau phan img thu dugc: A Fe(N03)3, Ag B Fe(N03)2, Ag C Fe(N03)2, Fe(N03)3, Ag D Fe(N03)2, Fe(N03)3, Fe Ddp dn A 7.3 Cho 11,2 gam Fe va 2,4 gam Mg tac dung bet vdi dung dich H2SO4 loang du thu dugc V lit H2 (dktc) va dung dich X Cho X tac dung vdi dung dich NaOH du thu dugc ket tua, Igc tach ket tua va nung den khdi lugng khong doi thu dugc m gam chat ran Gia tri ciia V la: A 2,24 1ft B 4,48 Ift C 6,72 Ift D 8,96 lit Ddp dn C 7.4 Dot n6ng rpgt it bgt Fe binh dung O2 sau cho san pham thu dugc vao dung dich HCl du thu dugc dung dich X Dung dich X cd: A FeCl2, HCl du B FeCl3, HCl du C FeCl2, FeCl3 va HCl du D FeCl3 Ddp dn C 7.5 Cho so chuyen boa Fe-^^^Fe2(S04)3 - -^FeCl3 +z ->Fe(0H)3 X, Y, Z la: A CUSO4, BaCl2, NaOH B H2SO4 dac ndng, MgCb, NaOH C H2SO4 dac ndng, BaCb, NH3 D H2SO4 loang, BaCb, NaOH Ddp dn C 7.6 Dung dich FeS04 lam mat mau dung dich nao cac dung dich sau: A Dung dich KMn04/H2S04 B Dung dich K2Cr207/H2S04 C Dung dich Br2 D Ca ba dung dich tren Ddp dn D 7.7 288 Cho dung dich chiia FeC^ va ZnCl2 tac dung vdi dung dich NaOH du, sau lay ket tua nung khong den kbli lugng khdng doi thu dugc chat ran gom: A Fe203 B FeO C FeO, ZnO D Fe203, ZnO Ddp dn A 7.8 Hoa tan hit 17,84 gam hdn hgp A gom ba kim loai la sit, bac va ding bing 203,4 ml dung dich HNO3 20%) (cd kbli lugng rieng 1,115 gam/ml) vira dii Cd 4,032 lit NO nhit thoat (dktc) va lai dung dich B Dem co can dung dich B, thu dugc m gam bin hgp ba muoi khan Trj sd ciia m la: A 60,27gam B 45,64gam C 51,32 gam D 54,28 gam Ddp dn C 7.9 Gang xam khac gang trang d tinh chat: A Gang xam gion khong diic dugc gang trang diic dugc B Gang xam diing dl due chi tilt may gang tring khdng due dugc C Gang xam rit cimg cdn gang trang thi mem ban D Gang xam c6 it cacbon ban gang tring Ddp dn B 7.10 Hoa tan hoan toan gam hon hgp gdm Al, Zn, Fe vao dung dich HNO3 du thu dugc 0,224 lit NO (dktc) nhit Co can dung dich thi khdi lugng muli khan thu dugc la: A 3,68 g B 3,86g C 6,83 g D 3,56 g Ddp dn B 7.11 Nung mdt miu thep thudng c6 kbli lugng 50g oxi du thi thu dugc 0,196 lit CO2 d 0°C va at Thanh phin phin tram ciia C mau thep la: A 0,48% B.0,38% C 0,84% D 3,08% Ddp dn C 7.12 Khir hoan toan mgt oxit sit nguyen chit bing CO du d nhiet cao Kit thiic phan ling, kbli lugng chit rin giam di 27,58 %> Oxit sat da dimg la: A.Fe203 B.Fe304 C Fe(N03)3 D FeO Ddp dn B 289 7.13 Hoa tan 16,8g Fe vao dung dich HNO3 thu dugc 4,48 lit NO nhit Co can dung dich thu dugc s l gam muli khan la: A.48,4g B 72,6g C 54,0g D 36,0g Ddp dn C 7.14 Mau nau ciia dung dich Fe(N03)3 la do: A Mau ciia Fe(0H)3 B Mau cua ion NO3" C Mau eiia ion Fe^"" D Mau ciia ion Fe^"" Ddp dn C 7.15 Nguyen lieu diing de san xuit gang la: A Quang sat, oxi nguyen chit, than da B Quang sat, than cdc, chit chay, khdng C Quang sat, chat chay, than da D Quang sit, khdng khi, than da Ddp dn B Hogt dgng NHAN BIET MOT SO C H A T V CO 8.1 Chi dung dung dich boa chit thich hgp, cd thi phan biet kim loai rieng biet: Na, Ba, Cu Dung dich la: A.HNO3 B.NaOH C.H2SO4 D.HCl Ddp dn C 8.2 De phan biet cac dung dich rieng biet: dung dich NaCI, nude Javen, dung dich KI ta co thi diing mgt thulc thir, dd la A Dung dich HCl B Dung djch AgN03 C Dung dich KMn04 D Dung dich NaOH Ddp dn B 8.3: Co bin kim loai: Mg, Ba, Zn, Fe Chi diing them mgt chit thi cd thi diing chat nao so cac chit cho dudi day dl nhan bilt cac kim loai dd? A Dung dich NaOH 290 B Dung dich Ca(0H)2 L uung aicn HUl D Dung dich H2SO4 loang Ddp dn D 8.4 Chi diing them dung dich H2SO4 loang, cd thi nhan bilt dugc bao nhieu kim loai sd cac kim loai sau:AI, Mg, Fe, Cu, Ba A B.2 C.3 D.5 Ddp dn D 8.5 Chi diing mgt dung dich axit va dung dich baza nao sau day dl nhan biet cac hgp kim Cu - Ag, Cu - Al, Cu - Zn A HCl va NaOH B H2SO4 C NH3 va HNO3 loang D NH3 va HCl Ddp dn D 8.6 C6 Ig dung dung dich mit nhan la AICI3, NaN03, K2CO3, NH4NO3 Neu chi dugc phep diing mgt chat lam thuoc thir thi co the chgn chat nao sau day? A Dung dich NaOH B Dung dich Ba(0H)2 C Dung dich H2SO4 D Dung dich AgN03 Ddp dn B 8.7 De phan biet muoi FeS04 va Fe2(S04)3 cd the dimg thuoc thir nao sau day? A Dung dich BaCb- B Dung dich NaOH C Dung dich KMn04/ H2SO4 D Ca B va C Ddp dn D 8.8 Thuoc thir nao cd the phan biet dung dich mat nhan: Na2S04, H2SO4, NaOH, BaCl2? A Quy tim B Phenolphtalein C Dung dich AgN03 D A hoac B Ddp dn D 8.9 Dl nhan bilt day dung dich: HCl, NaOH, Na2S04, NH4CI, NaCI, BaC^, AgN03 thi cin dung it nhat bao nhieu loai thuoc thir: 291 A B.2 C.3 U Ddp dn A 8.10 De nhan biet bdt kim loai Fe, Ag, Cu dung cac binh rieng biet diing thuoc thir: A Dung djch HNO3 dac nong B Dung dich HCl C Dung dich H2SO4 loang D Dung dich NaOH Ddp dn A 8.11 Dl phan biet cac dung dich (rieng biet): CrCb, CuCh, NH4CI, CrCIs va (NH4)2S04 ta chi can diing mgt dung dich thudc thir la A dung dich NaOH C BaCl2 B Ba(0H)2 D AgN03 Ddp dn B 8.12 Chi dung NaOH cd the nhan biet dugc day hoa chit nao cac day sau day: A Na2C03, AgN03, CaC^, HCl B H2SO4, Na2S04, MgS04, AICI3 C CuCb, AICI3, CaCl2, NaCl D AICI3, Zn(N03)2, FeCb, MgS04 Ddp dn B 8.13 Chi diing quy tim nhan biet cac chit rieng biet day dung dich sau: A Na2C03, K2SO3, CaCb, HCl B Na2C03, NaOH, HCl, Ba(0H)2 C A1(N03)3, FeS04, CuC^, NH4CI, HCl D H3PO4, H2SO4, HCl, H2O Ddp dn B 8.14 Dl nhan bilt day dung dich: HCl, NaOH, Na2S04, NH4CI, NaCl, BaC^, AgN03 thi can dung it nhat bao nhieu loai thulc thir: A Ddp dn A 292 B.2 C.3 D,4 8.i^ ^^ iiiiaii uicL uay nua i.;uat sau (d dang dung dich) KOH, HCl, FeCl3, Pb(N03)2, AI(N03)3, NH4NO3 thi phai diing it nhit sl thulc thir la: A B.2 C.3 D khong can thudc thir Ddp dn D Hogt dgng HOA HOC v A V A N D E P H A T T R I E N K I N H T E , X A H O I , MOI TRUOfNG 9.1 Ngudi ta sir dung clo de diet khuan nude vi li nao sau day? A Clo ddc nen cd tinh sat triing B Clo CO tinh oxi boa manh C Trong nude clo cd mat HCIO la chat oxi boa manh D Trong nude d o cd mat HCl la chit khir manh Ddp dn C 9.2 Ta tien hanh cac thi nghiem: (1) Mn02 tac dung vdi dung dich HCl (2) Nhiet phan KCIO3 (3) Nung hon hgp: CH3COONa + NaOH/CaO (4) Nhiet phan NaN03 Cac thi nghiem tao san pham gay d nhiem moi trudng la A (l)va(2) B ( l ) v a ( ) C (l)va(3) D (2) va (3) Ddp dn C 9.3 Hieu ling nha kinh la hien tugng Trai Dat dang nong len, cac hire xa cd budc sdng dai viing hong ngoai bi giii lai, ma khdng biic xa ngoai vu tru Chat nao sau day la nguyen nhan gay hieu ling nha kinh? A SO2 B N2 C CO2 D SO3 Ddp dn C 9.4 Khi lam thi nghiem vdi P trang can phai: A Cam bang tay cd deo gang 293 B Dimg cap gap nhanh mau P khdi Ig va cho vao chau dimg diy H2O chua sir dung C Tranh cho tiep xiic vdi H2O D De ngoai khdng Ddp dn B 9.5 Mgt loai nude ciing chiia 180 ppm (phin trieu) HC03~ Cin dung bao nhieu kg CaO de lam mim x ^ Ift nude, gia su chi cd nude ciing tam thdi A s 150kg B 165kg C =^ 660kg D 330kg Ddp dn D 9.6 Phan img tong hgp glucoza cay xanh cin dugc cung cip nang lugng 6CO2 + 6H2O -i5Z«£fUc6H,206 + 6O2 Cho bilt cir mgt phut (trdi ~ nang) moi cm la xanh nhan dugc 0,5cal nang lugng mat trdi nhung chi co 10%) dugc sir dung vao phan img tdng hgp glucoza Hdi cay xanh co 10 la, moi la 10cm thi can thdi gian la bao nhieu de tdng hgp dugc 0,18 gam glucoza va giai phdng dugc bao nhieu lit O2 (dktc)? A 221 phut va 0,1344/02 B 134 phut va 0,1344/02 C 92 phut va 0,244/02 D 92 phut va 0,1344/02 Ddp dn B 9.7 Mgt loai nude thai bj d nhilm bdi cac kim loai nang Pb^"^ Cu^"^ Fe^"^ 2+ : , , , Mn Hay chgn chat tdt nhat de loai bd het kim loai nang A NaOH du B Nude voi (dung dich Ca(0H)2) C Sue H2S D H2SO4 Ddp dn B 9.8 Khi thai (cua mgt nha may) cd chiia cac chit HF CO2, SO2, NO2, N2 Hay chgn chat tot nhit dl loai bo cac dgc trudc thai quyln A CaC03 va H2O 294 B Si02 va H2O C Nude vdi (dung dich Ca(0H)2) D CaCb Ddp dn C 9.9 Khi CO2 thai nhieu dugc coi la anh hudng xiu din mdi trudng vi: A Rat ddc B Tao bui cho mdi trudng C Gay hien tugng mua axit D Gay hieu img nha kinh Ddp dn D 9.10 Brom Idng hay hai deu rat ddc De xir If lugng brdm Idng khdng may bi vdi muc dich bao ve moi trudng, co the dung boa chat thong thudng de kiem nao sau day? A Dung dich NaOH B Dung djch KOH C Dung dich Ca(0H)2 D Dung dich Nai Ddp dn C 9.11 De diet chudt mdt nha kho ta ddt luu huynh rdi ddng kin cira nha kho lai Chugt hit phai khdi se bi sung yet hau, co giat, te liet, ca quan hd hap din den bi ngat ma chet Chat gi da lam chudt chet? A H2S B H2SO4 C SO2 D SO3 Ddp dn C 9.12 Am dun nude lau thudng co mdt ldp can voi dudi day De lam sach can CO the theo each nao sau day? A Dung giim pha vao nude am ngam vai tieng rdi sue sach B Dimg rugu pha vao nude am ngam vai tieng roi siic sach C Dung dung dich amoniac pha vao nude am ngam vai tieng rdi siic sach D Ca A, B, C diu dugc Ddp dn A 9.13 Lfng dung nao sau day khong phai cua xenluloza? A Diing la vat lieu xay dung va go B Nguyen lieu san xuat ximang C Nguyen lieu san xuat giay,vai sgi, ta sgi nhan tao 295 D Nguyen lieu san xuit ancol etylic Ddp dn B 9.14 Nhiing chat cho dudi day, chit nao la ngudn nguyen lieu tu nhien: canxi cacbua, cat, khoang vat pirit, nude biln va dai duang, rugu etylic, axit sunfuric, ta nilon - 6,6, khdng khf? A Cat, pirit, nude bien, axit sunfuric, khdng B Canxi cacbua, cat, pirit,.nude biln, ta nilon, khdng C Cat, pirit, nude bien, khdng D Cat, pirit, ancol etylic, nude biln, khdng Ddp dn C 9.15 Nhd bao quan bang nude ozon, man Bic Ha - Lao Cai da cd thi chuyen chd vao thi trudng H i Chi Minh, mang lai Igi nhuan cao cho ba nong dan Nguyen nhan nao sau day lam cho nude ozon cd thi bao quan hoa qua tuai dugc lau? A Ozon la mgt co tac dung lam hoa qua chfn tir tir dl keo dai sir dung B Ozon dgc va dl tan nude ban oxi C Ozon cd tinh chit oxi boa manh, kha nang sat triing cao va de tan nude ban oxi D Ozon kfch thfch cho hoa qua chfn cd miii vi dac trung Ddp dn C 296 MUC LUC Chu'O'ng DAI CU-aNG V^ KIM LOAI Bai 17 Vj TRi CUA KIM LOAI TRONG VA CAU TAO CUA KIM LOAI BANG H £ T H O N G TUAN HOAN Bai 18 TlNH CHAT COA KIM LOAI DAY DIEN HOA CUA KIM LOAI Bai 19 HOP KIM 11 30 Bai 20 S U ' A N M O N KIM LOAI 35 Bai 21 Dieu CHf KIM LOAI Bai 22 LUYEN TAP TlNH C H A T C O A KIM LOAI Bai 23 LUYEN TAP DlEU CHt KIM LOAI VA SU* AN M O N KIM LOAI BSi 24 BAI THU'C H A N H T I N H C H A T , D I S U CHt VA SU" AN M N KIM LOAI 51 66 74 81 Chu'O'ng KIM LOAI KI^M, KIM LOAI KI^M T H , NHOM Bai 25 KIM LOAI KlfM VA HOP C H A T QUAN TRONG C O A KIM LOAI KltM Bai 26 KIM LOAI K I E M THC) V A HOP C H A T QUAN TRONG CUA KIM LOAI Bai 27 86 KI^MTHO 102 N H O M V A HOP C H A T CUA N H M 123 Bai 28 LUYEN TAP TlNH C H A T CUA KIM LOAI KltM, KIM LOAI KlfM T H O VA HOP C H A T C O A CHUNG Bai 29 LUYEN TAP TlNH C H A T C O A N H O M V A HOP C H A T CUA N H O M Bai 30 BAI T H I / C H A N H T I N H C H A T CUA NATRI, MAGIE, N H O M VA HOP C H A T CUA CHUNG 140 150 157 Chycng S A T V A MOT S KIM LOAI QUAN TRONG Bai 31 SAT 163 Bai 32 HOP C H A T C O A S A T 171i Bai 33 Bai 34 B^i35 B^l 36 BSi 37 HOP KIM C O A S A T CROM VA HOP C H A T CUA CROM 180 190 198 206 212 OCNGVAHOPCHATCUADONG SO LU'OC v e NIKEN, KEM, CHI, THltC LUYEN TAP T ( N H C H A T CUA S A T V A HQ-p C H A T COA S A T 297 Bai 38 LUYEN TAP TlNH C H A T H O A HOC C O A CROM, D O N G V A HOP CUA CHUNG Bai 39 BAI THU'C H A N H TINH C H A T H O A HOC C O A S A T , G O N G CHAT VA HOP C H A T CUA S A T , C R O M 219 223 Chu'O'ng PHAN BIET MOT s6 C H A T V CO Bai 40 NHAN BlfT M Q T S O ION TRONG DUNG DICH Bai 41 NHANBieTMOTSOCHATKHi Bai 42 LUYEN TAP NHAN BltT MOT SC C H A T V CO 229 238 243 Chu'O'ng HOA HOC VA V A N Dt PHAT TRI^N KINH T £ , XA HOI, MOI TRU'aNG Bai 43 HOA HQC VA V A N D S P H A T T R I S N KINH T t Bai 44 HOA HOC VA V A N Oe XA HQI Bai 45 HOA HQC VA VAN D t MOI TRU'b'NG O N T A P C U O I NAM^ 298 251 258 263 271 Thiet ke bai giang HOA HOC - T A P HAI TS CAO / GlAO (ChCi bien) N H A XUAT BAN HA NOI Chiu trdch nhiem xudt bdn: NGUYfiN K H A C O A N H Bien tap: PHAM QUOC TUAN Vebia: NGUYfiN TUAN Tnnh bdy: THAI SC?N - SON LAM Siia bdn in: PHAM QUOC TUAN In 2000 cuon, kho 17x24 cm tai Cong ty TNHH In Ha Anh Quyet djnh xuat ban so: 68 - 2009 / CXB /67 g TK - 06 / HN, In xong va nop \\Ju chieu nam 2010 ^ftMBGH63tiocnT-' ICC ^" 2032824 37.000 D Gia: 37.000d [...]... A 21 ,1%; 59 ,2% ; 19,7% B 52, 94%; 21 ,1%; 25 ,96% C 25 ,96%; 21 ,1%; 52, 94% D 25 ,96%; 52, 94%; 21 ,1% Bai tap ve nha: 1, 2, 3, 4, (SGK) D HU'ONG 2 DAN GIAI BAI TAP TRONG SGK Phuang trinh hoa hgc: Ag + 2HNO3 -^ AgNOs + NO2 + H2O (1) AgN03 + HCl ^ AgCI^ + HNO3 (2) Theo (1) va (2) ta c6 UAg = 0,0 027 7 (mol) - %A^J''-':''^'\m% 0,5 3 Chgn dap an B 4 Chgn dap an A Zn + 2H' Zn Fe + 2H^ -^ Fe 0,896 22 ,4 34 2+ 2+ -H2... phai tan 20 Hogt dgng cua HS Hogt dgng cua GV GV bo sung ngoai cac tinh chit tren thi kim loai con c6 cac phan img khac: Phuong trinh hoa hgc - Tac dung vai oxit kim loai: vi du Al tac dung dugc vai Fe203, Fe304, CuO 2AI + Fe203 ^ ^ AI2O3 + 2Fe - Tac dung vai oxit phi kim Vi du: Mg Mg + CO2 ^ ^ CO the khir dugc CO2, SO2 MgO + CO - Kim loai luang tinh tac dung voi 2Al+2NaOH+2H20^2NaA1 02 + 3H2 dung dich... Phuong trinh hoa hgc: hoa 3Cu + 8HNO3 -> 3Cu(N03 )2 + 2N0 T + 4H2O GV nhan xet va bo sung: 2Ag + 2H2SO4 ^ ^ - Tuy vao dieu kien phan ling ma cho ra cac san pham khir khac nhau Fe + 6HN03dac ^ ^ - Thucmg cac kim loai bi oxi hoa len so oxi hoa cao Vi du: Fe - HNO3 va H2SO4 dac, ngugi lam thu dgng hoa Al, Fe, Cr 18 Ag2S04 + SO21 + 2H2O Fe(N03)3 + 3 N 0 2 t +3H2O Hogt dgng cua HS Hogt dgng cua GV Hogt dgng... , Fe Cu r-, ^ A + T- 3+ 2+ „ 2+ Fe 2+ , 2+ D Ag Fe Cu , Mg Cau 2 Hoa tan 20 g hon hgp gom hai kim loai Fe va Cu vao dung dich HCl du Sau phan ung, co can dung dich dugc 27 ,Ig chat ran The tich chat khi Dap an C thoat ra a dktc la A 8,96lit B 4,48lit C 2, 241it D l , 121 it Cau 3 Lan lugt cho timg kim loai Mg, Ag, Fe va Cu (co so mol bang nhau), tac dung vai lugng du dung dich H2SO4 dac nong Khi phan ling... hien - Giai thich bang phuong trinh hoa - Gidi thich: Ban diu miu Na tac dung hgc vai nuac lam mau Na tan va c6 khi 2Na + 2H2O -^ 2NaOH + H2 T Sau do NaOH trao doi vai CUSO4 tao thanh kit tua Cu(0H )2 CuS04+2NaOH^Cu(OH )2 + Na2S04 Kit ludn: Tuy vao ban chat kim loai cho GV yeu ciu HS so sanh 2 thi nghiem vao la gi? ma san pham tao ra la khac de rut ra ket luan nhau GV khic sau kiln thirc: Dieu kien kim... huong dan cua GV: + 1 +6 -2 +1 +5 -2 - So oxi hoa ciia cac nguyen to trong - S6 oxi hoa: H2SO4, H N Q phan tir axit HNO3, H2SO4 + 1 +5 - Kha nang oxi hoa ciia cac nguyen to - S a n pham ciia phan img +6 - Kha nang oxi hoa chi c6 H,N, S nhung de oxi hoa dugc cac kim loai yeu +5 +6 nhu: Cu, Ag thi chi co the la N, S - San pham cua su oxi hoa S la: SO2, S, H2S Nia: NO2, NO, N2O, N2, NH3, (NH4NO3) Viet cac... ung la muoi va H2 Phuong trinh phan img: Fe +HC1 -^ FeCl2 + H 2 t Mg + H2SO4 -^ MgS04 + H s t GV bo sung: Cac kim loai da hoa tri thuang bi oxi hoa len so oxi hoa trung binh nhu: Fe, Cr., 0 +2 Fe Fe b) V&i dung dich UNO3, H2SO4 dgc GV dat vin dl: Tai sao HNO3, H2SO4 dac lai tac dung dugc vai hiu hit cac kim loai (trir Au, Pt) Trong khi axit 17 Hogt dgng cua GV Hogt dgng cua HS HCl, H2SO4 loang khong... cac mu6i Cu(N03 )2, AgN03 Neu thii tu cac phan img xay ra trong dung dich HS thao luan cho ket qua Thii ty cac kim loai trong day dien hoa Mg Zn Cu Ag M g Zn Cu Ag - Mg tac dung vai AgN03 truac Mg + 2Ag* -> Mg^^ + 2Ag - N I U Mg hit thi Cu tac dung vai AgN03 Zn + 2Ag^ -^ Zn^^ + 2Ag Sau do CO the co phan img nlu Ag hit Zn + Cu^^ -^ Zn^^ + Cu - Neu Ag Cu 2+ hit thi Mg tac dung vai Mg + C u2+ Mg^^ +Cu Sau... e l 2 b) Tdc dung v&i oxi GV giai thieu: HS thao luan cho ket qua cac phuang Hau het cac kim loai deu tac dung true trinh phan ling: tiep vai oxi (trir Ag, Au, Pt ) Al + O2 ^ ^ AI2O3 Trong cac phan img kim loai thuong 0 -2 khir oxi tir: 0 >0 Fe + O2 — ^ Fe203 — ^ Fe304 Tuy vao dieu kien phan irng ma san pham san pham thu dugc la khac nhau jO —-—> FeO GV yeu cau HS viet cac phuong trinh (Fe + O2 ->... khoi lugng 2, 17g tac dung hit vai dung dich HCl tao ra 1,68lit khi H? (dktc) jChoi lugng muoi clorua trong dung dich sau phan img la A 7,495g B 7,945g C 4.833g D 7,459g 33 Hogt dgng cua GV Hogt dgng cua HS Bai 2 Cho 2, 55g hgp kim dang bgt X Dap an B gom Al, Fe, Cu phan img vai dung did NaOH du, thu dugc l,681it H2 (dktc), dung dich B va chit rin C Cho C tac dung vai HCl du sinh ra 0 ,22 41it khi H2 (dktc),