CAO CU GlAc (Chu bien) NHA XUAT BAN HA NOI TS CAO C U G I A C (Chu bign) - ThS HO THANH THUY THIET KE BAI GIANG NflNQCflO-TilPHfll NHA XUAT BAN H A NOI ChiroTig DAI CirONG VE KIM LOAI Bai 19 KIM LOAI VA HQP KIM A MUC TIEU BAI HOC Kiln thiPc HS biit: • Vi tri cua kim loai bang tuan hoan • Cau tao ciia nguyen ttr Icim loai • Kliai niem, tinh chat va ung dung cua hop kim HS hiiu: • Nhirng tinh chat vat li va tinh chat hoa hpc cua kim loai, hop kim • Nguyen nhan gay tinh chSt vat li chung, tinh khu cua kim loai KT nang • Ren luyen kT nang: Tu vi tri cua kim loai suy cau tao va tinh chSt • • D§n dugc nhiing phan ijng hoa hoc va thi nghiem hoa hoc chung minh cho nhirng tinh chat cua kim loai • Ren luyen kT nang giai bai tap ve kim loai Tinh cam, thai Biet dugc nhiing tinh chat quy gia cua kim loai lam cho HS co y thuc bao ve va su dung tiet kiem kim loai B C H U A N B! CUA GV VA HS • GV: - Bang tuan hoan cac nguyen to hoa hgc - Chuan bi mgt so thi nghiem minh hoa cho tinh khir ciia kim loai - Dung cu: Ong nghiem ca nho, ong nho gigt, den c6n, - Hoa chat: + Cac kim loai: Al, Cu Fe (dinh sit sach) + Cac dung djch: axit H2SO4 loang, H2SO4 dac, HNO3, CUSO4 • HS: Xem truac noi dung bai hgc C TI^N TRiNH DAY - HOC Hogt dpng ciia GV Hogt dpng cda HS A - KIM LOAI Hogt dpng I VI TRI CUA KIM LOAI TRONG BANG T U A N HOAN GV chieu bang tuan hoan len man hinh HS: Quan sat, thao luan cho ket qua: (hoac treo baag tuan hoan co to mau cac nguyen to len bang) cho HS quan sat Vi tri kim loai gom: GV huong dan HS tim vi tri ciia kim loai bang: - Nhom IA dgn VIA (Nhom IA trir H nhom IIIA tru B) va mgt phan nhom - Kim loai la cac nguyen to co to mau IVA,VA, VIA vang a bang tuan hoan - Nhom IB dSn VIIIB - Phi kim la cac nguyen to co to mau - Hai ho Lantan va Actini tim a bang tuan hoan Yeu cau HS xac dinh vi tri cua kim loai GV bo sung: Ngoai each xac dinh a tren thi kim loai nam a: - Khoi nguyen to s (trir H, He) - Mgt so a khoi nguyen to p HS thao luan cho ket qua: - Toan bg khoi nguyen to d, f - Kim loai chiem da so vi tri bang tuan hoan GV yeu cau HS nit ket luan ve vi tri ciia kim loai - Kim loai nam a phia duai ben trai ciia bang tuan hoan Hogt dpng cua HS Hogt dpng cua GV Hogt dpng II TINH C H A T VAT LI Tinh chat vat li chung GV giai thieu: dieu kien thuang cac HS lang nghe kim loai deu a trang thai ran (trir Hg), CO tinh deo, dan dien, dan nhiet va co anh kim Vay the nao la tinh deo, tinh dan dien, tinh dan nhiet, anh kim va tai kim loai CO cac tinh chat tren chung ta se nghien cuu timg tinh chat cu the a) Tinh deo GV yeu cau HS nghien cim SGK va cho biet: HS thao luan nhan xet va cho ket qua: - The nao la tinh deo? - Tinh deo ciia vdt lieu la tinh bi bien dang chiu ap luc ben ngoai hoac nhiet tac dung va van giu dugc trang thai bien dang thoi tac dung - Giai thich - Gidi thich: Kim loai co tinh deo la vi cac ion duang mang tinh the kim loai CO the trugt len de dang ma khong tach khoi nha nhiing electron tu chuyen dgng dinh ket chiing vai e.e;© ©•©•© e:©'© ©:©.© •: Electron tir ® : Ion duang kim loai ©:©©! i»j • • r r^.©.# Hogt dpng cua GV Hogt dpng cua HS GV bo sung: Kim loai c6 tinh deo Ion nhat la Ag sau la Al, Cu b) Tinh ddn diin GV yeu cau HS nghien cim SGK va cho biet: - The nao la tinh dan dien? Tinh ddn diin la tinh chit cua vat lieu gin vao diu vat lieu mgt hieu dien thg thi tao dong chuyen dai co huang cua electron tir cue am sang cue duang Gidi thich: Do kim loai co cac - Giai thich electron tir do, chuyen dgng tir mang tinh the, co hieu dien the lap tiic cac electron tu chuyen dgng GV bo sung: Kirn loai dan dien tot dong co huong tao dong dien nhat la Ag, sau den Cu, Au, Al, Fe c) Tinh ddn nhiet GV yeu cau HS nghien cuu SGK va cho biet: - Th6 nao la tinh din nhiet? Giai thich - Tinh ddn nhiet la tinh chat cua vat lieu CO th6 truy6n nang lugng (nhiet) tir vi tri den vi tri khac - Gidi thich: Do kim loai co mat cac electron tu mang tinh the Cac electron viing nhiet cao co dgng nang lan, chuyen dgng hon loan va nhanh chong sang viing co nhiet thap han, truyen nang lugng cho cac ion duang a viing nen nhiet lan truyen GV b6 sung: Thuang caic kim loai dan dugc tir viing den viing khac khdi kim loai dien tot cung dan nhiet tot Hogt dpng cua GV Hogt dpng cua HS d) Anh kim GV yeu ciu HS nghien cuu SGK va HS thao luan cho ket qua: cho bi^t: - The nao la anh kim? Anh kim la anh sang thu dugc kim loai hap thu anh sang trang va phan xa anh sang co buac song dac trung cho timg kim loai Gidi thich: Do cac dam may electron tudo tinh the kim loai hap thu phan xa hau het nhirng tia sang nhin thay dugc, do kim loai co ve sang lap lanh ggi la anh kim - Giai thich HS nhan xet: Tinh chdt vdt li chung ciia GV huang dan HS ket luan vin de: kim logi gdy nen boi su cd mat ciia cdc Nguyen nhan gay tinh chat vat li electron tu cd mat tinh thi kim logi chung ciia kim loai? Tinh chat rieng GV giai thieu: Ngoai cac tinh chat tren HS nghe giang kim loai co mgt so tinh chat vat U khac nhu: Tinh cung, khoi lugng rieng, nhiet nong chay, nhiet soi a) Khdi luang riing GV cho HS nghien cim SGK va yeu HS nghien cuu SGK va nhan xet ciu HS cho biet sir bien doi cac tinh Khoi lugng rieng ciia cac kim loai khac chit: Tinh cimg, kh6i lugng rieng, ro ret nhu: nhiet nong chay, nhiet soi - Ll (D = 0,5 gam/cm ) la kim loat nhe nhat - Os (D = 22,6 gam/cm ) la kim loai nang nhat Hogt dpng cua GV Hogt dpng cda HS b) Nhiet dp ndng chay Nhiet nong chay cua kim loai dao dgng mgt khoang rgng nhu: Kim loai co t°,thip nhit la Hg(-39"C) Kim loai co t°,cao nhit la W(3410°C) c) Tinh cirng Tinh cicng ciia kim loai ciing rat khac nhu: Cr la kim loai cirng nhat, kim loai ki6m thi rat mem co the dung dao de cat Hogt dpng II TINH C H A T H O A H O C CHUNG CUA KIM LOAI GV huong dan HS rut tinh chat hoa HS thao luan nhan xet cho ket qua sau: hgc ca ban ciia kim loai: - Kim loai thuang co it electron (l-3e) - Dac diem cau tao cua nguyen tir kim a lop ngoai ciing loai (so electron hoa tri) - Xu huang cho electron de dat dugc - Du doan xu huang ciia kim loai de cau hinh ben CO dugc cau hinh ben cua hiem - Tinh chat chung cua kim loai la tinh - Suy tinh chat chung cua kim loai khir M ^M""+ne Hogt dpng \ Tac dun vol phi kim GV giai thieu: Kim loai co the tac HS thao luan cho ket qua: dung vai nhieu phi kim a nhiet cao Kim loai tac dung vai phi kim tao Yeu cau HS cho biet san pham, lay vi muoi (trir oxi) du minh hoa F/t/w.-2Fe +3C12 ^—> 2FeCl3 2A1 + 302 -^-^ Fe + S - ^ ^ FeS 2AI2O3 Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cua HS Hogt dpng Tac dung voi dung dich axit a) Ddi v&i dung djch HCl, H2SO4 hang GV neu vin At Cac dung dich axit HS thao luan de giai quyet van de: HCl, H2SO4 loang co tinh oxi hoa Nhung tai chi tac dung dugc vai cac kim loai dimg truac H day hoat dgng? San pham phan ung thu dugc la gi? GV huang dan HS Giai quyet vin dh, Viet cac phuang trinh hoa hgc minh hoa Cac phan tir axit HCl, H2SO4 loang co tinh oxi hoa ion H phan tir axit the hien nen chi tac dung vai cac kim loai CO tinh khir manh han hidro San pham phan img la muoi va H2 Phuang trinh hoa hgc phan ung: Zn +HC1 -> ZnCb + H t GV bo sung: Cac kim loai da hoa tri thuang bi oxi hoa len so oxi hoa trung binh nhu: Fe, Cr Fe —> Fe Zn + H2S04 ^ ^ ZnS04+ H2T +2 b) Ddi v&i, H2SO4 (dgc,ndng), HNO3 GV dat vin dk: Tai HNO3, H2SO4 dac lai tac diing dugc vai hau het cac kim loai (trir Au, Pt) Trong axit HCl, H2SO4 loang khong co dugc tinh chat nhu vay? GV huang dan HS giai quyet van de HS thao luan de giai quyet vin de duai su huong dan ciia GV: + +6-2 +1 +5 -2 - S6 oxi hoa cua cac nguyen to - So oxi hoa: H2 SO4, H N O3 phan til- axit ITNO3, H2SO4 4.15 Tien hanh phan iing trimg hgp 5,2 gam stiren, sau phan iing ta them 400 ml dung dich nude brom 0,125M, khuiy diu cho phan ting hoan toan thay du • 0,04 mol Br2 Khdi lugng polime sinh la A 4,16 gam B 5,20 gam C 1,02 gam D 2,08 gam Ddp dn A Hogt dpng DAI Cl/ONG VE KIM LOAI 5.1 Nhiing mdt la Fe nhd vao dung dich (du) chiia mdt nhiing chit sau: FeCl3, AICI3, CUSO4, Pb(N03)2, NaCl, HNO3, H2SO4 (dac, ndng), NH4NO3 Sd trudng hgp phan img chi tao mudi Fe(II) la: A B.4 C.5 D.6 Ddp dn A 5.2 Dung dich X chira loai ion Mg , Ba ^, Ca ^ va 0,2 mol CF va 0,2mol 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 NO3 Them dan V lit dung dich K2CO3 IM vao dung dich X den dugc lugng ket tua ldn nhat, V cd gia tri la: A 150ml B 200ml C 250ml D 300ml Ddp dn B Magie cd the chay CO2, tao mdt chat bdt mau den Cdng thiic hoa hgc cua chat la: D.MgCOs A C B MgO C CO Ddp dn A Hoa tan hoan toan 7,8g hon hgp gdm Mg va Al vao dung dich HCl du Sau phan ling thiy khoi lugng dung dich tang len 7,0g.Sd mol axit HCl da tham gia phan iing tren la: A 0,8mol B 0,08mol C 0,04mol D 0,4mol Ddp dn A Cho Al tir tir din du vao dung dich hon hgp Cu(N03)2, AgN03, Mg(N03)2, Fe(N03)3 thi thii tu cae ion bi khir la: A Fe'"*-, Ag^ Cn^\ Ug* B Ag^ Cu'^ F e ' ^ Mg'^ C Ag^ V^, Cv^\ Fe^" D Ag^ Fe^\ Cu^^ Mg^" Ddp dn D Hoa tan 20g hon hgp gdm hai kim loai Fe va Cu vao dung dich HCl du Sau phan ling, cd can dung dich dugc 27,Ig chat ran The tich chat thoat d dktc la: A 8,961it B 4,481it C 2,24lit D l,12lit Ddp dn C 351 5.7 Hoa tan hoan toan 20g hdn hgp Mg va Fe vao dung dich axit HCl du thay cd 11,21it thoat d dktc va dung dich X Cd can dung djch X thi thu dugc bao nhieu gam mudi khan? A 35,5g B.45,5g C 55,5g D 65,5g Ddp dn C 5.8 Hoa tan hoan toan 4,68g hon hgp mudi cacbonat cua hai kim loai X va Y kl tilp nhdm IIA vao dung dich HCl thu dugc l,12lit CO2 d dktc Kim loai X va Y la: A Be va Mg B Mg va Ca C Ca va Sr D Sr va Ba Ddp dn B 5.9 Hoa tan hoan toan 28,3g bdn hoan gdm mdt mudi cacbonat ciia mdt kim loai boa tri I va mdt mudi cacbonat kim loai hoa tri II axit HCl du thi tao 4,481it (dktc) va dung dich X Cd can dung dich X thi thu dugc bao nhieu gam muoi khan? A.26,lg B.28,6g C 29,4 g D 30,5g Ddp dn D 5.10 Kem tac dung vdi dung dich H2SO4 loang, them vao dd vai gigt dung dich CUSO4 Lira chgn hien tirgng ban chit cac hien tugng sau: A An mdn kim loai B An mdn dien boa hgc C Hidro thoat manh ban D Mau xanh biln mit Ddp dn C 5.11 Cho 21,6g mdt kim loai chua bilt hoa tri tac dung hit vdi dung dich HNO3 thu dugc 6,72 lit N2O (dktc) Kim loai dd la: A.Na B Zn C Mg D Al Ddp dn D , 5.12 CO va H2 khong thi dung lam chit khir dl dilu cbl kim loai nao sau day: CAI D Sn A Fe B Cu Ddp dn C 5.13 Hoa tan hit 38,60g hon hgp gdm Fe va kim loai M dung dich HCl du thiy thoat 14,56lit H2(dktc) Khdi lugng hdn hgp mudi clorua khan thu dugc la: A.48,75g B.84,75g C 74,85g D 78,45g Ddp dn B 5.14 Trdn 2,7g Al vdi 2,4g Fe203 rdi nung ndng dl thuc hien phan iing nhiet nhdm Sau phan img ta thu dugc m(g) hon hgp chit rin Gia tri ciia m la: A.l,12g B.2,04g C.5,lg D io,2g Ddp dn C 352 5.15 Co thi dung dung dich nao sau day dl tach Ag khdi hdn hgp chat ran gom: Fe, Pb, Cu, Ag ma khdng lam thay doi khdi lugng Ag? A HCl B.NaOH C AgN03 D Fe(N03)3 Ddp dn D Hogt dpng KIM LOAI KIEM, KIM LOAI KIEM THO, NHOM 6.1 Tinh khir ciia cac nguyen tir Na, K, Al, Mg dugc xIp theo thir tu tang din la A K, Na, Mg, Al B Al, Mg, Na, K C Mg, Al, Na, K D Al, Mg, K, Na Ddp dn B 6.2 Khi dl khdng nhdm khd bi an mdn hon sit la A nhdm cd tinh khir manh ban sit B tren be mat nhdm cd ldp AI2O3 bin vung bao ve C nhdm cd tinh khir yeu hon sat D.tren be mat nhdm cd Igp A1(0H)3 bao ve Ddp dn B 6.3 Khi nung hdn hgp gdm Al, CuO, MgO, FeO (lugng vira du), sau cac phan ling xay hoan toan ta thu dugc chat ran A gdm cac chat sau: A Cu, AI2O3, Mg, Fe B Cu, FeO, Mg, AI2O3 C Cu, Fe, Al, MgO, AI2O3 D Cu, Fe, AI2O3, MgO Ddp dn D 6.4 Trong vd nguyen tu cua cac nguyen td: Al, Na, Mg, Fe (d trang thai ca ban) cd sd electron ddc than lan lugt la A 1,1,0,4 B.3, 1,2, • C 1,1,2, D 3, 1,2, Ddp dn A 6.5 Cho 13,7 gam kim loai Ba vao 200 ml dung dich FeS04 IM, sau cae phan umg xay hoan toan ta thu dugc ket tiia cd khdi lugng la B 14,4 gam C 31,3 gam D 23,3 gam A 28,9 gam Ddp dn C 6.6 Cho cac chit: MgO, CaC03, AI2O3, dung dich HCl, NaOH, CUSO4, NaHC03 Khi cho cac chit tren tac dung vdi timg ddi mdt thi tdng sd cap chat phan iing dugc vdi la A B C D Ddp dnC 353 6.7 De tinh che quang boxit (AI2O3 ed lan Si02 va Fe203) ngudi ta cho quang (dang bdt) lan lugt tac dung vdi eac chit: A.NaOH, CO2 Ddp dn A B HC1,C02 C NaOH, CuCb D.HCl vaNH3 6.8 Cho m gam NaOH tac dung vdi mdt lugng vira dii dung dich HNO3, dugc dung dich A Cd can A dugc chit rin B, nung B din khoi lugng khdng doi thay cd 2,24 lit (dktc) thoat Gia tri ciia m la: A 4,96 gam B gam C 3,2 gam D 12 gam Ddp dn B 6.9 Theo thuylt axit-baza ciia Bronstet hidroxit luang tinh la B.NH4HCO3 C.A1(0H)3 D Ba(0H)2 A.NaHC03 Ddp dn C 6.10 Khi dien phan dung dich NaCl thi d eatdt xay qua trinh: A khirNa^ Ddp dn B B khir H2O C oxi hoa Cf D kbirCf 6.11 Khi cho kim loai Mg vao dung dich chiia dong thdi cac mudi: Cu(N03)2, AgN03, Fe(N03)2, khuiy diu dl cac phan iing xay hoan toan, ta thu dugc chit ran B gdm kim loai hai kim loai dd la A Cu,Fe B Fe,Ag C Ag, Mg D Cu, Ag Ddp dn D 6.12 Cho sa dd biln boa: X + H2O "P"" ) A + Bt + CT B+ A - ^ ^ X + Y + H2O B+ C ^ ^ -D Ddt chay hgp chat X tren nggn lira den thiy ngon liia cd mau vang Cac chit A, B, C, D, X, Y lin lugt la: A NaCl, NaOH, Cl2,H2, NaClO, HCl B NaOH, CI2, H2,HCl, NaCl, NaCl03 C NaOH, CI2, H2,HCl, NaCl, NaCl02 D NaOH, CI2, H2, HCl, NaClOj, NaCl Ddp dn D 6.13 Cho mau Na vao dung dich cac chat (rieng biet) sau: Ca(HC03)2(l), CuS04(2), KNO3 (3), HC1(4) Sau cac phan iing xay xong, ta thiy cac dung dich cd xuit hien kit tiia la A.(l)va(2) B ( l ) v a ( ) C (l)va(4) D (2) va (3) Ddp dn A 354 6.14 Vat lieu thudng dugc dimg dl diic tugng, san xuit phin vilt bang, bd bdt bi gay xuong la A CaC03 Ddp dn C B CaO C CaS04 D MgS04 6.15 Cho 4,48 lit CO2 vao 150 ml dung dich Ca(0H)2 IM, cd can hdn hgp cac chat sau phan iing ta thu dugc chit rin cd khoi lugng la A 18,1 gam B 15 gam C 8,4 gam D 20 gam Ddp dn B Hogt dpng S A T V A M O T S O K I M L O A I Q U A N TRONG 7.1 Cation kim loai M cd ciu hinh electron ciia phan ldp ngoai cimg la 3d^ Vay cau hinh electron eiia M la: A ls^2sV3s^3p^3d^4sl B ls^2s^2p^3s^3p^3d^ C ls^2s^2p^3s^3pW3d^ Ddp dn A D ls^2s^2p^3s^3p^3d^4s^4p' 1.1 Cho Fe tac dung vdi dung dich AgN03 du thi sau phan iing thu dugc: A Fe(N03)3, Ag B Fe(N03)2, Ag C Fe(N03)2, Fe(N03)3, Ag D Fe(N03)2, Fe(N03)3, Fe Ddp dn A 7.3 Cho 11,2 gam Fe va 2,4 gam Mg tac dung bet vdi dung dich H2SO4 loang du thu dugc V lit H2 (dktc) va dung dich X Cho X tac dung vdi dung dich NaOH du thu dugc ket tua, lgc tach ket tua va nung den khdi lugng khdng ddi thu dugc m gam chat ran Gia tri eiia V la: A 2,24 lit B 4,48 lit C 6,72 lit D 8,96 lit Ddp dn C 7.4 Ddt ndng mdt it bdt Fe binh dimg O2 sau dd cho san pham thu dugc vao dung dich HCl du thu dugc dung dich X Dung dich X cd: B FeCb, HCl du A FeCl2, HCl du D FeCb C FeCl2, FeCb va HCl du Ddp dn C 7.5 Cho sa dd chuyen hoa Fe(0H)3 Fe "'' > Fe2(S04)3 —^ -^FeCb X, Y, Z la: B H2SO4 dac ndng, MgCb, NaOH A CUSO4, BaCb, NaOH C H2SO4 dac ndng, BaCb, NH3 D H2SO4 loang, BaCb, NaOH Ddp dn C 355 7.6 Dung dich FeS04 lam mit mau dung dich nao cac dung dich sau: B Dung dich K2Cr207/H2S04 A Dung dich KMn04/H2S04 C Dung dich Br2 D Ca ba dung dich tren Ddp dn D 1.1 Cho dung dich chira FeCb va ZnCb tac dung vdi dung dich NaOH du, sau lay ket tiia nung khdng din khdi lugng khdng ddi thu dugc chit ran gdm: A.Fe203 B.FeO C FeO, ZnO D Fe203, ZnO Ddp dn A 7.8 Hoa tan het 17,84 gam hon hgp A gdm ba kim loai la sit, bac va ddng bing 203,4 ml dung dich HNO3 20% (cd khdi lugng rieng 1,115 gam/ml) vira du Cd 4,032 lit NO nhit thoat (dktc) va cdn lai dung dich B Dem cd can dung dich B, thu dugc m gam hon hgp ba mudi khan Tri sd cua m la: A 60,27gam B 45,64gam C 51,32 gam D 54,28 gam Ddp dn C 7.9 Gang xam khac gang tring d tinh chit: A Gang xam gidn khdng diic dugc cdn gang tring diic dugc B Gang xam dung dl diic chi tilt may cdn gang tring khdng diic dugc C Gang xam rit ciing cdn gang tring thi mim ban D Gang xam cd it cacbon hon gang tring Ddp dn B 7.10 Hoa tan hoan toan gam hon hgp gdm Al, Zn, Fe vao dung dich HNO3 du thu dugc 0,224 lit NO (dktc) nhit Cd can dung dich thi khdi luang mudi khan thu dugc la: A 3,68 g B.3,86g C 6,83 g D 3,56 g Ddp dn B 7.11 Nung mdt mau thep thudng cd khdi lugng 50g oxi du thi thu dugc 0,196 lit CO2 d C va at Thanh phin phin tram ciia C mau thep la: A 0,48% B.0,38% C 0,84% D 3,08% Ddp dn C 7.12 Khir hoan toan mgt oxit sit nguyen chit bing CO du d nhiet cao Kit thuc phan iing, khdi lugng chit rin giam di 27,58 % Oxit sit da dimg la: A.Fe203 B.Fe304 C Fe(N03)3 D FeO , Ddp dn B 7.13 Hoa tan 16,8g Fe vao dung dich HNO3 thu dugc 4,48 lit NO nhit Cd can dung dich thu dugc sd gam mudi khan laA.48,4g B.72,6g C 54,0g D 36,0g Ddp an C 356 7.14 Mau nau cua dung dich Fe(N03)3 la do: A Mau ciia Fe(0H)3 B Mau cua ion NO3 C Mau cua ion Fe D Mau ciia ion Fe Ddp dn C 7.15 Nguyen lieu dimg dl san xuit gang la: A Quang sat, oxi nguyen chat, than da B Quang sat, than cdc, chat chay, khdng C Quang sat, chat chay, than da D Quang sat, khdng khi, than da Ddp dn B Hogt dpng NHAN BIET M O T S C H A T V CO 8.1 Chi dung dung dich hoa chat thich hgp, cd the phan biet kim loai rieng biet: Na, Ba, Cu Dung dich la: A HNO3 B.NaOH C H2SO4 D.HCl Ddp dn C 8.2 D I phan biet cae dung dich rieng biet: dung dich NaCl, nude Javen, dung dich KI ta cd the dimg mdt thudc thir, dd la A Dung dich HCl B Dung dich AgNOs C Dung dich KMn04 D Dung dich NaOH Ddp dn B 8.3 Cd bdn kim loai: Mg, Ba, Zn, Fe Chi diing them mgt chit thi cd thi dimg chit nao sd cdc chit cho dudi day dl nhan biet cac kim loai dd? A Dung djch NaOH B Dung djch Ca(0H)2 C Dung dich HCl D Dung dich H2SO4 loSng Ddp dn D 8.4 Chi dimg them dung dich H2SO4 loang, cd thi nhan biet dugc bao nhieu kim loai sd cac kim loai sau:Al, Mg, Fe, Cu, Ba A B.2 C.3 D.5 Ddp dn D 8.5 Chi dimg mdt dung dich axit va dung dich baza nao sau day de nhan bilt cac hgp kim Cu - Ag, Cu - Al, Cu - Zn A HCl va NaOH B H2SO4 C NH3 va HNO3 loang D NH3 va HCl Ddp dn D 357 8.6 Cd Ig dung dung dich mit nhan la AICI3, NaN03, K2CO3, NH4NO3 NIU ehi dugc phep diing mdt chit lam thudc thir thi ed thi chgn chat nao sau day? A Dung djch NaOH B Dung dich Ba(0H)2 C Dung dich H2SO4 Ddp dn B D Dung dich AgNOs 8.7 De phan biet muoi FeS04 va Fe2(S04)3 cd the diing thudc thir nao sau day? A Dung djch BaCb B Dung dich NaOH C Dung dich KMn04/ H2SO4 D Ca B va C Ddp dn D 8.8 Thuoc thir nao cd thi phan biet dung dich mat nhan: Na2S04, H2SO4, NaOH, BaCb? A Quy tim B Phenolphtalein C Dung dich AgN03 Ddp dn D D A hoac B 8.9 Dl nhan bilt day dung dich: HCl, NaOH, Na2S04, NH4CI, NaCl, BaCb, AgN03 thi can dung it nhat bao nhieu loai thudc thii: A.l B.2 C.3 D.4 Ddp dn A 8.10 De nhan biet bdt kim loai Fe, Ag, Cu dung eac binh rieng biet dimg thudc thir: A Dung dich HNO3 dac ndng B Dung dich HCl C Dung dich H2SO4 loang Ddp dn A D Dung dich NaOH 8.11 D I phan biet cac dung djch (rieng biet): CrCb, CuCb, NH4CI, CrCb va (NH4)2S04 ta ehi can dimg mdt dung dich thudc thir la A dung dich NaOH B Ba(0H)2 C BaCb D AgN03 Ddp dn B 8.12 Chi diing NaOH ed the nhan biet dugc day hoa chat nao cac day sau day: 358 A Na2C03, AgN03, CaCb, HCl B H2SO4, Na2S04, MgS04, AlCb C CuCb, AICI3, CaCb, NaCl Ddp dn B D AICI3, Zn(N03)2, FeCb, MgS04 8.13 Chi dimg quy tim nhan biet cac chit rieng biet day dung dich sau: A Na2C03, K2SO3, CaCb, HCl B Na2C03, NaOH, HCl, Ba(0H)2 C Al(N03)3, FeS04, CuCb, NH4CI, HCl D H3PO4, H2SO4, HCl, H2O Ddp dn B 8.14 Dl nhan bilt day dung dich: HCl, NaOH, Na2S04, NH4CI, NaCl, BaCb, AgN03 thi cin dung it nhit bao nhieu loai thuoc thir: D, A B C Ddp dn A 8.15 De nhan bilt day boa chit sau (d dang dung dich) KOH, HCl, FeCb, Pb(N03)2, Al(N03)3, NH4NO3 thi phai diing it nhit sd thudc thu la: A B.2 C D khdng can thudc thir Ddp dn D Hogt dpng HOA HOC v A V A N DE P H A T TRIEN KINH TE, XA HOI, MOI T R L T O N G 9.1 Ngudi ta sir dung clo de diet khuan nude vi li nao sau day? A Clo ddc nen cd tinh sat triing B Clo cd tinh oxi hoa manh C Trong nude clo cd mat HCIO la chat oxi boa manh D Trong nude clo cd mat HCl la chat khir manh Ddp dn C 9.2 Ta tien hanh cac thi nghiem: Mn02 tac dung vdi dung dich HCl (1) Nhiet phan KCIO3 Nung hon hgp: CH3COONa + NaOH/CaO (2) (3) Nhiet phan NaN03 ^ (4) Cac thi nghiem tao san phim gay d nhiem mdi trudng la A.(l)va(2)' B.(l)va(4) C.(l)va(3) D (2) va (3) Ddp dn C 9.3 Hieu iing nha kinh la hien tugng Trai dat dang ndng len, cac biic xa ed budc sdng dai vimg bdng ngoai bi giir lai, ma khdng biic xa ngoai vii tru Chit nao sau day la nguyen nhan gay hieu irng nha kinh? 359 A S02 B N2 C CO2 D SO3 Ddp dn C 9.4 Khi lam thi nghiem vdi P trang can phai: A Cam bang tay cd deo gang B Diing cap gap nhanh mau P khdi Ig va cho vao chau dung day H2O chua sir dung C Tranh cho tiep xiic vdi H2O D De ngoai khdng Ddp dn B 9.5 Mdt loai nude cimg chiia 180 ppm (phan trieu) HCO3 Can dimg bao nhieu kg CaO de lam mem x lit nude, gia sir chi cd nude ciing tam thdi A ~150kg B 165kg C ~ 660kg D 330kg Ddp dn D 9.6 Phan img tdng hgp glucoza cay xanh can dugc cung cap nang lugng ^"""'^^ ) C6H12O6 + 6O2 Cho bilt cii mdt phiit (trdi ning) 6CO2 + 6H2O mdi cm la xanh nhan dugc 0,5cal nang lugng mat trdi nhung chi cd 10% dugc sir dung vao phan iing tdng hgp glucoza Hdi cay xanh cd 10 la, mdi - la 10cm thi can thdi gian la bao nhieu de tdng hgp dugc 0,18 gam glucoza va giai phdng dugc bao nhieu lit O2 (dktc)? A 221 phut va 0,1344/02 B 134 phut va 0,1344/02 C 92 phut va 0,244/02 Ddp dn B D 92 phut va 0,1344/02 2+ 2+ 3+ 2+ 9.7 Mdt loai nude thai bi d nhiem bdi cac kim loai nang Pb , Cu , Fe , Mn Hay chgn chat tdt nhat de loai bd het kim loai nang A NaOH du B Nude vdi (dung dich Ca(0H)2) D H2SO4 C Sue H2S Ddp dn B 9.8 Khi thai (cua mdt nha may) cd chiia cac chat HF, CO2, SO2, NO2, N2 Hay chgn chat tdt nhat de loai bd cac ddc trudc thai quyen B Si02 va H2O A CaC03 va H2O C Nude vdi (dung djch Ca(0H)2) D CaCb Ddp dn C 9.9 Khi CO2 thai nhieu dugc coi la anh hudng xiu din mdi trudng vi: A Rat ddc B Tao bui cho mdi trudng C Gay hien tugng mua axit D Gay hieu iing nha kinh Ddp dn D 360 9.10 Brdm long hay hai deu rit ddc D I xir li lugng brdm ldng khdng may bi vdi muc dich bao ve mdi trudng, cd thi diing boa chit thdng thudng de kiem nao sau day? A Dung dich NaOH B Dung dich KOH C Dung dich Ca(0H)2 D Dung dich Nai Ddp dn C 9.11 D I diet chudt mdt nha kho ta ddt luu huynh roi ddng kin cira nha kho laj Chudt hit phai khdi se bi sung yit hiu, eo giat, te liet, ca quan hd hip dan din bi ngat ma chit Chit gi da lam chudt chit? A.H2S B H2SO4 C SO2 D SO3 Ddp dn C 9.12 Am dun nude lau thudng cd mdt ldp can vdi dudi day D I lam sach can cd the theo each nao sau day? A Dung giam pha vao nude am ngam vai tieng rdi siic sach B Diing rugu pha vao nude am ngam vai tieng rdi sue sach C Dimg dung dich amoniac pha vao nude am ngam vai tieng rdi siic sach D Ca A, B, C deu dugc Ddp dn A 9.13 Ung dung nao sau day khong phai ciia xenluloza? -A Dung la vat lieu xay dung va dd gd B Nguyen lieu san xuat ximang C Nguyen lieu san xuat giay,vai sgi, ta sgi nhan tao D Nguyen lieu san xuat rugu etylic Ddp dn B 9.14 Nhung chat cho dudi day, chat nao la ngudn nguyen lieu tu nhien: canxi cacbua, cat, khoang vat pirit, nude bien va dai duong, rugu etylic, axit sunfuric, ta nilon - 6,6, khdng khi? A Cat, pirit, nude biln, axit sunfuric, khdng B Canxi cacbua, cat, pirit, nude bien, ta nilon, khdng C Cat, pirit, nude bien, khdng D Cat, pirit, rugu etylic, nude bien, khdng Ddp dn C 361 MUC LUC Chu'O'ng DAI CU-ONG V^ KIM LOAI Bd 19 KIM LOAI VA Hgp KIM Bd 20 DAY DIEN HOA CUA KIM LOAI Ba 21 LUYEN TAP TiNH C H A T C O A KIM LOAI Ba 22 SU'DIEN P H A N Bd 23 SU A N M O N K I M LOAI Bd 24 Ditu cne KIM LOAI Bd 25 LUYEN TAP SU" DIEN PHAN - Sl/ A N M O N KIM LOAI OlSU C H E KIM LOAI Bd 26 BAI THU'C H A N H D A Y O I E N H O A C U A K I M LOAI - O I ^ U C H ^ KIM LOAI B^ 27 BAI THU'C H A N H A N M N K I M LOAI - C H C N G A N M O N KIM LOAI 23 42 50 67 75 83 90 95 Chu'O'ng KIM LOAI KI^M, KIM LOAI KI^M T H O , NHOM Ba 28 KIM LOAI KltM B^ 29 MOT SO HC^P C H A T Q U A N TRONG C G A KIM LOAI KltM B^ 30 KIM LOAI KIEM T H O Bd 31 MOT SO HOP C H A T Q U A N TRONG C O A KIM LOAI K I E M T H O Ba 32 LUYEN TAP TlNH C H A T C O A KIM LOAI K | £ M KIM LOAI KltM T H O Ba 33 N H O M BS 34 MOT SO HOP C H A T Q U A N TRONG C O A N H O M BS 35 LUYEN TAP TlNH C H A T C O A N H O M V A HOP C H A T C O A N H O M BS 36 BAI THl/C H A N H TlNH C H A T CUA KIM LOAI KltM, KIM LOAI HOP C H A T CUA CHUNG THLTC H A N H T I N H C H A T CUA N H O M KIEM T H O V A Ba 37 BAI VA H ^ P CHAT COA NHOM 100 111 119 126 143 150 162 170 179 184 Chu'O'ng CROM - S A T - O O N G 6^138 CROM 190 Bai 39 MOT SO HOP C H A T COA CROM 196 BSi40 S A T 203 Bai 41 MOT SO HOP C H A T CUA S A T 213 Bai 42 HOP KIM CUA S A T BSi 43 O O N G V A MOT SO HOP C H A T C U A O O N G Bd\ 44 SO LU'OC V t MOT SO KIM LOAI KHAC Bai 45 LUYEN TAP TlNH C H A T CUA CROM, S A T 362 220 VA N Q P CHAT COA 229 241 CHUNG 251 Bai 46 LUYEN TAP T I N H C H A T H O A HOC C O A O O N G V A HOP C H A T CUA D O N G SO LU'OC v e CAC KIM LOAI Ag, Au, Ni, Zn, Sn, Pb B^i 47 BAI THl/C H A N H TlNH C H A T H O A HOC CUA CROM, SAT, O O N G N H L / N G H O P C H A T C U A CHUNG 270 265 VA Chu'O'ng PHAN BIET MOT S C H A T V CQ C H U A N DO DUNG DjCH B^i 48 NHAN B I E T MQT SO CATION TRONG DUNG DjCH Bai 49 NHAN B I E T M O T S O ANION TRONG DUNG DjCH 277 284 BSi 50 NHAN BIST MQT SO C H A T K H I 290 BSi51 B^i 52 B^i53 B^i 54 B^i 55 296 301 304 310 317 CHUAN CHUAN DO AXIT - BAZO D O X H O A - KHIJ B A N G PHU'ONG PHAP PEMANGANAT LUYENTARNHANBI^TMOTSOCHATVOCO BAI BAI THl/C THl/C HANH HANH NHAN BlfT MOT SO ION VO CO C H U A N O O DUNG DjCH Chu'O'ng HOA HOC vA V A N Dt P H A T T R I ^ N KINH T^, XA HOI, MOI TRI/ONG Bd\ 56 HOA HOC VA V A N D t P H A T T R I ^ N KINH T E 322 BSi57, HOA HOC VA VAN D t XA HOI 328 B^i 58 HOA HOC VA VAN D f M O I TRLCONG ON T A P C U O I N A M 334 341 363 Thiet ke bai giang HOA HQC 12 - NANG CAO: TAP HAI TS CAO CU GlAC (ChQ bien) N H A XUAT BAN H A NOI Chiu trdch nhiem xuc^ bdn: NGUYfiN K H A C O A N H Bien tap: PHAM Q u d c TUAN Vebia: NGUYfiN TUAN Trinh bdy: THAI SON - SON LAM sua bdn in: PHAM QU6C TUAN In 1000 cuon, kho 17 x 24 cm, tai Cong ty Co phan In Phiic Yen Giay phep xuat ban so: 68 - 2009/CXB/67g TK - 06/HN In xong va nop iLfu chieu nam 2010 Sach lien ket voi Cong ty co phan In va Phat hanh sach Viet Nam li^N INPHAVI Phat hanh tai Cong ty cd phan In va Phat hanh sach Viet Nam Dia chi : 78 • Dong Cac • Dong Da - Ha Noi OT: (04) 5.1 15921 - Fax : )04)5.1 15921 Tluf(kfBGH(5ahocl2T2NC ill vec Mo.ig 'ilill 20^^2825 43.000 D Gid: 43.000d