Thiết kế bài giảng hóa học 12 (tập 2) phần 2

Chircng SAT VA MOT SO KIM LOAI QUAN TRONG Bai 31 SAT A MUCTIEUBAI HOC Ki§n thirc HS biit: • Vi tri cua sat bang he thdng tuan hoan va cau hinh electron nguyen tir • Tinh chat vat li, tinh chat boa hgc, va trang thai tu nhien ciia sat • Sat la kim loai boat ddng trung binh, c6 nhieu sd oxi boa HS hiiu: Tai sat cd nhieu boa tri? Khi nao thi tao sat (II), nao tao Fe(III) KT nang • Ren luyen kT nang: Tir vi tri cua kim loai suy cau tao va tinh chat • KT nang giai bai tap ve sat kim loai Tinh cam, thai Sir da dang tinh chat cua sat lam phong phii tinh chat hoa hgc cua kim loai tao thu cho HS nghien ciiu ve tinh chat cua sat B C H U A N Bj CUA GV VA HS • GV - May tinh, may chieu - Hoa chit: Dung dich CuC^, dung dich FeCl3, Fe - Dung cu: Ong nghiem, cap ong nghiem, gia Ing nghiem • HS: Xem trudc ndi dung bai hgc 163 C TitN TRiNH DAY- HOC Hogt dgng cua GV Hogt dgng cda HS Hogt dgng I VI TRI TRONG B A N G T U A N H O A N , C A U HINH ELECTRON NGUYEN Tiy GV yeu cau HS HS thao luan cho ket qua 16^ - Viet cau hinh ciia nguyen tir sat biet - c i u hinh 26Fe: ls^2s^2pSs^3p"3d"4s' sat CO sd hieu nguyen tir la 26, tir dd => Fe d chu ki 4, nhdm VIIIB (phan suy vi tri cua sat bang tuan nhdm phu) hoan - Cau hinh obitan: - Vilt ciu hinh dang obitan, tir cau hinh obitan du doan kha nang nhuong ^— 4s 3d electron cua nguyen tir sat Fe cd cac kha nang Tir cau hinh tren nhudng electron it t t I t I t - Fe ^ Fe^^ + 2e (3d^) Fe Fe^^ + 3e (3d') Hogt dgng II TINH C H A T V A T L I GV chieu len man hinh cho HS quan sat mgt mau sat kim loai (bay cd the cho HS quan sat mdt mau sat kim loai da cao sach ldp oxit) Yeu cau HS neu tinh chat vat li cua Fe GV bo sung: - Nhiet nong chay ciia sat la 1540°C - Sat CO tinh nhiem tir (bi nam cham hiit va CO tir tinh) 164 HS quan sat va nhan xet: Sdt la kim loai mau trang hai xam, deo, dai, de ren, nhiet nong chay kha cao din nhiet, dan dien tot Hogt dgng cda HS Hogt dgng cua GV - Sat cd khdi lugng rieng Idn la 7,9 gam/cm (la kim loai nang) Hogt dgng III TINH C H A T H O A H O C GV gidi thieu: Khi tham gia phan ling HS nghe giang, ghi bai boa hgc, nguyen tir sat nhudng electron d phan ldp 4s, tac dung vdi chat oxi boa manh thi sat nhudng them electron d phan Idp 3d tao T, 2+ T, + cac ion Fe , Fe Yeu cau HS viet cac qua trinh nhudng electron ciia nguyen tir Fe HS viet qua trinh nhudng electron ciia Fe: Fe Fe^^+2e 3+ Fe —> Fe + 3e (vdi chat oxi boa manh) Tac dung vol phi kim a) Tdc dung v&i luu huynh GV yeu ciu HS xac dinh S la chat oxi HS nhan xet: S la phi kim boat dgng hoa manh hay yeu? Vilt phuong trinh trung binh nen phan ung vdi Fe tao mudi hoa hoc cua S vdi Fe d nhiet cao sit (II) Fe + S -^-^ FeS b) Tdc dung v&i oxi GV nhan xet la phi kim boat ddng HS thao luan viet cac phuong trinh boa manh d nhiet cao Khi oxi tac dung hoc vdi Fe thudng tao hdn hgp nhieu 4Fe + 302 -^ 2Fe203 san pham nhu Fe203, Fe304 yeu cau 3Fe + 2O2 -> Fe304 HS viet cac phuong trinh boa hgc 165 Hogt dgng ciia GV Hogt dgng cda HS c) Tdc dung v&i clo GV gidi thieu clo la chat oxi boa Vi clo la chit oxi boa manh nen tao san manh yeu cau HS du doan san pham phim la muli sit (III) va viet phuang trinh boa hoc +3 -1 0 Fe + Ch ->FeCl3 Tac dung voi axit a) V&i dung dich HCl, H2SO4 loang GV yeu cau HS nhan xet ve tinh oxi boa cua dung dich HCl va H2SO4 loang tir d6 du doan san pham cua phan ung vdi sat, viet phuong trinh boa hoc minh hoa HS thao luan va nhan xet: - Tinh oxi hoa cua axit HCl va H2S04 loang la ion H cd tinh oxi hoa trung binh Nen san pham cua phan ung la muoi sat(II) va hidro - Phuong trinh hoa hgc Fe + HCl -^ FeCl2 + H2 Fe + H2SO4 loang -^ FeS04 + H2 b) V&i dung dich HNO3 vd H2SO4 ddc GV yeu cau HS nhan xet ve tinh oxi boa cua dung dich FINO3 va H2SO4 dac tir du doan san pham cua phan img vdi sat, viet phuong trinh boa hgc minh hoa - Tinh oxi boa cua axit HNO3 va H2SO4 dac la nguyen td N S cd tinh oxi hoa manh Nen san pham cua phan img la mudi sat(III) va san pham khir cua N"^ s"^ - Phuong trinh boa hgc 2Fe +6H2S04(d)-^^Fe2(S04)3 + 3S02 + 6H2O Fe +6HN03(dac) - ^ ^ Fe(N03)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O Fe + 4HNO3 -^ Fe(N03)3 + NO + 2H2O Hogt dgng cda HS Hogt dgng cua GV GV bo sung: Sat gidng nhom bi thu ddng boa (khong tac dung) vdi HNO3, H2SO4 dac ngudi nen co the dung thiing sat de chuyen chd axit dac ngugi noi tren Tac dung voi dung dich muoi GV la thi nghiem: Cho mgt bgt sat vao dung dich CUCI2 lac kT yeu cau HS: HS quan sat thi nghiem va cho nhan xet - Hien tugng: Thay dung dich CuCl2 - Quan sat nhat mau dan - Neu hien tugng - Giai thich: Do Fe khir Cu 2+ Cu - Viet phuang trinh boa hgc minh - Phuong trinh boa hgc boa Fe + CuCb -^ FeCl2 + Cu Fe + Cu^^ ^ Fe^" + Cu GV lull y HS: Sat tac dung vdi dung dich muoi tuan theo quy tac a Tac dung voi nwdc GV gidi thieu: HS nghe giang, ghi bai vk viet phuong - nhiet thudng sat khdng tac trinh hoa hgc: dung vdi nude - nhiet cao t° > 570°C thi sit Fe + H2O '"^"°"^ ) FeO + H2 khir hai nude sat (11) oxit - nhiet cao t° < 570''c thi sit 3Fe + 4H2O '"^""'-^ > Fe304 + 4H2 khir hai nude sat tir oxit (Fe304) Yeu cau HS viet phan ung boa hgc 167 Hogt dgng cda GV Hogt dgng cda HS Hogt dgng IV TRANG T H A I TlT NHIEN GV cho HS nghien ciiu SGK yeu ciu HS nhan xet ve: - Ham lugng sat vo qua dit HS nghien ciiu SGK va nhan xet: - Sat chiem khoang 5%> kbli lugng vo qua dat - Dang ton tai eiia nguyen to sit - Neu mgt so quang quan trgng cua - Trong tu nhien sit tdn tai chii ylu d sat dang hgp chit - Mdt so quang ciia sat + Quang manhetit (Fe304) hilm cd tu nhien + Quang hematit (Fe203) cd dang hematit (Fe203) va hematit nau (Fe203.nH20) + Quang xederit FeC03 GV gidi thieu them: Sit cd + Quang pirit FeS2 mau, cac thien thach chiia sit tu Hogt dgng CUNG CO B A I V A B A I TAP VE N H A GV chieu cac bai tap sau len man hinh HS quan sat theo luan cho kit qua cho HS thao luan ciing c l ndi dung bai hoc: Bai Cation kim loai M 3+cd ciu binh electron cua phan ldp ngoai ciing la 3d Vay cau hinh electron cua M la A ls^2s^2p^3s^3p''3d^4s^ 168 Bai Chgn dap an A Hogt dgng cua GV Hogt dgng cua HS B ls'2s^2p*'3s^3p^3d** C ls^2s^2p'^3s^3p^4s^3d^ D ls^2s^2p^3s^3p^3d'4s^4p' Bai Hoa tan 16,8g Fe vao dung dich Bai Chgn dap an C HNO3 thu dugc 4,48 lit NO nhat Co can dung dich thu dugc s l gam muoi khan la A 48,4g C 54,0g B 72,6g D 36,0g Bai Hoa tan hit 0,5g hon hgp Fe va Bai Chgn dap an C kim loai M (boa tri II) vao dung dich H2SO4 loang thu dugc 1,12 lit (dktc) Kim loai M la A Zn B Mg C Be D Ca Bai Cho hon hgp Fe va Cu tac dung Bai Chgn dap an C vdi dung dich HNO3, phan ling xong thu dugc dung dich A chi chiia chit tan Chat tan la A Fe(N03)3 B Cu(N03)2 C Fe(N03)2 D HNO3 Bai tap ve nha: 1, 2, 3, 4, (SGK) D HU'ONG D A N GIAI BAI TAP TRONG SGK Chgn dap an B Chgn dap an B Chgn dap an C Chgn dap an B 169 Dat UM = X (mol) -^ npe = 3x (mol) Phuong trinh boa hgc: 2M + 2nHCI ^ 2MCIn + nH2 X (mol) — x(mol) Fe + 2HC1 -^ FeCl2 + H2 3x (mol) 3x (mol) n o 8,96 ^ , n^ = - x + 3x = = 0,4 '- 22,4 2M + X (mol) 2Fe nCl2 -^ 2MCln — x(mol) + 3x (mol) 3CI2 -^ 2FeCl3 — x(mol) n 12,32 ^ ^^ n^, = - x + - x = = 0,55 '- 2 2,4 Tir (1) va (2) ta dugc n = 2; x = 0,1 mpe = 3.0,1.56 = 16,8 (gam) mw = 19,2 - 16,8 = 2,4 (gam) M = - ^ = 24 (Mg) 0,1 %Mg = 12,5% 170 (1) ^^ %Fe = 87,5% (2) ^^ Bai 32 HOP CHAT CUA SAT A MUC TIEU B A I H O C Ki§n thu'c HS biit: • Tinh chat ca ban ciia hgp chat sat (II) va hgp chat sat (III) • Cach dilu cbl Fe(0H)2 va Fe(0H)3 • Biet img dung va phuong phap dieu che mgt so hgp chat sat .' 2+ 3+ • Nhan biet cac ion Fe , Fe ' dung dich bang phan img hoa hgc HS hiiu: Nguyen nhan tinh khir, tinh oxi boa cua cac hgp chat Fe(II) va tinh oxi boa cua hgp chit Fe(III) KT nang • Tir cau tao nguyen tir, phan tir va mire oxi boa suy tinh chat • Giau bai t^p ve hgp chat sat Tinh cam, thai Hgp chat sat cd nhieu tinh chat mdi la nhu phan img chuyen tir sat(II) hidroxit sat (III) hidroxit khdng lam tang su ham tim hieu ciia HS B C H U A N Bj CUA GV VA HS • GV: - Hoa chat: Dinh sat, bdt dong, dung dich HCl, dung dich FeCl3, dung dich NaOH - Dung cu: dng nghiem, gia thi nghiem, den • HS: Xem trudc ndi dung bai hgc C TI^N TRJNH DAY- HOC Hogt dgng cda GV Hogt dgng cua HS I HOP C H A T S A T (II) Hogt dgng GV yeu cau HS neu cac so oxi boa HS thao luan cho ket qua eiia sat tii' d6 du doan tinh chat cua - Sat CO cae sd oxi boa thudng gap la hgp chat Fe(II) 0,+2,+3 171 Hogt dgng cua GV Hogt dgng cda HS - Hgp chat sit(II) cd so oxi boa trung gian nen cd tinh chit boa hgc dac trung la tinh khir va tinh oxi boa GV yeu cau HS neu cac hgp chit sat(II) thudng gap HS nhan xet: Hgp chit sit (II) thudng gap la FeO, Fe(0H)2, FeC^, FeS04 s i t (II) oxit GV cho HS nghien ciiu SGK yeu cau HS neu: HS nghien ciiu SGK va nhan xet - Tinh chat vat li cua FeO - Tinh chat vat li: FeO la chat rin mau den, khdng CO tu nhien - Tinh khir, tinh oxi boa ciia FeO - Tinh khir: FeO cd tinh khir kha manh tac viet phuang trinh boa hgc minh boa dung dugc vdi nhieu chat oxi boa - Neu cac phucmg phap diu cbl FeO 4FeO + O2 - ^ ^ 3Fe203 3FeO+10HNO3^3Fe(NO3)3+NO+5H2O (3FeO+NO3"+10H%3Fe^^ + N + 5H2O) - Tinh oxi boa: FeO the hien tinh oxi hoa tac dung vdi chit khir manh nhu H2, CO d nhiet cao FeO + H2 -^-^ FeO + CO Fe + H2O ^ - ^ Fe + CO2 - Dieu che: FeO bang each dung H2 hay CO khir Fe203 d nhiet cao GV bo sung: ngoai phuang phap tren co the tao FeO bang nhilu each nhu 172 Fe203 + H2 - ^ ^ 2FeO + H2O Fe203 + CO 2FeO + CO2 ^ ^ B+ A -^—^ X + Y + H2O B+C ^ ^ D Dot chay hgp chat X tren nggn lira den thiy nggn lira cd mau vang Cac chit A, B, C, D, X, Y lin lugt la: A NaCl, NaOH, Cl2,H2, NaCIO, HCl B NaOH, CI2, H2,HCI, NaCI, NaCI03 C NaOH, CI2, H2,HCI, NaCI, NaCI02 D NaOH, CI2, H2, HCl, NaCI03, NaCI Ddp dn D 6.13 Cho mau Na vao dung dich cac chit (rieng biet) sau: Ca(HC03)2(l), CuS04(2), KNO3 (3), HC1(4) Sau cac phan ling xay xong, ta thiy cac dung dich cd xuat hien kit tiia la A (l)va(2) B ( l ) v a ( ) C (l)va(4) D (2) va (3) Ddp dn A 6.14 Vat lieu thudng dugc dung de diic tugng, san xuit phin vilt bang, bo bgt bi gay xuang la A CaC03 B CaO C CaS04 D MgS04 Ddp dn C 6.15 Cho 4,48 lit CO2 vao 150 ml dung dich Ca(0H)2 IM, cd can hdn hgp cac chat sau phan ling ta thu dugc chat ran cd khoi lugng la A 18,1 gam B 15 gam C 8,4 gam D 20 gam Ddp dn B Hogt dgng S A T V A MOT SO KIM LOAI QUAN TRONG 7.1 Cation kim loai M cd cau hinh electron cua phan Idp ngoai ciing la 3d Vay cau hinh electron ciia M la: A ls^2s^2p^3s^3p^3d^4s^ B ls^2s^2p^3s^3p^3d^ C l s V p ^ s ^ p V d ^ D ls^2s^2p^3s^3p^3d^4s^4p' Ddp dn A 287 7.2 Cho Fe tac dung vdi dung dich AgN03 du thi sau phan img thu dugc: A Fe(N03)3, Ag B Fe(N03)2, Ag C Fe(N03)2, Fe(N03)3, Ag D Fe(N03)2, Fe(N03)3, Fe Ddp dn A 7.3 Cho 11,2 gam Fe va 2,4 gam Mg tac dung bet vdi dung dich H2SO4 loang du thu dugc V lit H2 (dktc) va dung dich X Cho X tac dung vdi dung dich NaOH du thu dugc ket tua, Igc tach ket tua va nung den khdi lugng khong doi thu dugc m gam chat ran Gia tri ciia V la: A 2,24 1ft B 4,48 Ift C 6,72 Ift D 8,96 lit Ddp dn C 7.4 Dot n6ng rpgt it bgt Fe binh dung O2 sau cho san pham thu dugc vao dung dich HCl du thu dugc dung dich X Dung dich X cd: A FeCl2, HCl du B FeCl3, HCl du C FeCl2, FeCl3 va HCl du D FeCl3 Ddp dn C 7.5 Cho so chuyen boa Fe-^^^Fe2(S04)3 - -^FeCl3 +z ->Fe(0H)3 X, Y, Z la: A CUSO4, BaCl2, NaOH B H2SO4 dac ndng, MgCb, NaOH C H2SO4 dac ndng, BaCb, NH3 D H2SO4 loang, BaCb, NaOH Ddp dn C 7.6 Dung dich FeS04 lam mat mau dung dich nao cac dung dich sau: A Dung dich KMn04/H2S04 B Dung dich K2Cr207/H2S04 C Dung dich Br2 D Ca ba dung dich tren Ddp dn D 7.7 288 Cho dung dich chiia FeC^ va ZnCl2 tac dung vdi dung dich NaOH du, sau lay ket tua nung khong den kbli lugng khdng doi thu dugc chat ran gom: A Fe203 B FeO C FeO, ZnO D Fe203, ZnO Ddp dn A 7.8 Hoa tan hit 17,84 gam hdn hgp A gom ba kim loai la sit, bac va ding bing 203,4 ml dung dich HNO3 20%) (cd kbli lugng rieng 1,115 gam/ml) vira dii Cd 4,032 lit NO nhit thoat (dktc) va lai dung dich B Dem co can dung dich B, thu dugc m gam bin hgp ba muoi khan Trj sd ciia m la: A 60,27gam B 45,64gam C 51,32 gam D 54,28 gam Ddp dn C 7.9 Gang xam khac gang trang d tinh chat: A Gang xam gion khong diic dugc gang trang diic dugc B Gang xam diing dl due chi tilt may gang tring khdng due dugc C Gang xam rit cimg cdn gang trang thi mem ban D Gang xam c6 it cacbon ban gang tring Ddp dn B 7.10 Hoa tan hoan toan gam hon hgp gdm Al, Zn, Fe vao dung dich HNO3 du thu dugc 0,224 lit NO (dktc) nhit Co can dung dich thi khdi lugng muli khan thu dugc la: A 3,68 g B 3,86g C 6,83 g D 3,56 g Ddp dn B 7.11 Nung mdt miu thep thudng c6 kbli lugng 50g oxi du thi thu dugc 0,196 lit CO2 d 0°C va at Thanh phin phin tram ciia C mau thep la: A 0,48% B.0,38% C 0,84% D 3,08% Ddp dn C 7.12 Khir hoan toan mgt oxit sit nguyen chit bing CO du d nhiet cao Kit thiic phan ling, kbli lugng chit rin giam di 27,58 %> Oxit sat da dimg la: A.Fe203 B.Fe304 C Fe(N03)3 D FeO Ddp dn B 289 7.13 Hoa tan 16,8g Fe vao dung dich HNO3 thu dugc 4,48 lit NO nhit Co can dung dich thu dugc s l gam muli khan la: A.48,4g B 72,6g C 54,0g D 36,0g Ddp dn C 7.14 Mau nau ciia dung dich Fe(N03)3 la do: A Mau ciia Fe(0H)3 B Mau cua ion NO3" C Mau eiia ion Fe^"" D Mau ciia ion Fe^"" Ddp dn C 7.15 Nguyen lieu diing de san xuit gang la: A Quang sat, oxi nguyen chit, than da B Quang sat, than cdc, chit chay, khdng C Quang sat, chat chay, than da D Quang sit, khdng khi, than da Ddp dn B Hogt dgng NHAN BIET MOT SO C H A T V CO 8.1 Chi dung dung dich boa chit thich hgp, cd thi phan biet kim loai rieng biet: Na, Ba, Cu Dung dich la: A.HNO3 B.NaOH C.H2SO4 D.HCl Ddp dn C 8.2 De phan biet cac dung dich rieng biet: dung dich NaCI, nude Javen, dung dich KI ta co thi diing mgt thulc thir, dd la A Dung dich HCl B Dung djch AgN03 C Dung dich KMn04 D Dung dich NaOH Ddp dn B 8.3: Co bin kim loai: Mg, Ba, Zn, Fe Chi diing them mgt chit thi cd thi diing chat nao so cac chit cho dudi day dl nhan bilt cac kim loai dd? A Dung dich NaOH 290 B Dung dich Ca(0H)2 L uung aicn HUl D Dung dich H2SO4 loang Ddp dn D 8.4 Chi diing them dung dich H2SO4 loang, cd thi nhan bilt dugc bao nhieu kim loai sd cac kim loai sau:AI, Mg, Fe, Cu, Ba A B.2 C.3 D.5 Ddp dn D 8.5 Chi diing mgt dung dich axit va dung dich baza nao sau day dl nhan biet cac hgp kim Cu - Ag, Cu - Al, Cu - Zn A HCl va NaOH B H2SO4 C NH3 va HNO3 loang D NH3 va HCl Ddp dn D 8.6 C6 Ig dung dung dich mit nhan la AICI3, NaN03, K2CO3, NH4NO3 Neu chi dugc phep diing mgt chat lam thuoc thir thi co the chgn chat nao sau day? A Dung dich NaOH B Dung dich Ba(0H)2 C Dung dich H2SO4 D Dung dich AgN03 Ddp dn B 8.7 De phan biet muoi FeS04 va Fe2(S04)3 cd the dimg thuoc thir nao sau day? A Dung dich BaCb- B Dung dich NaOH C Dung dich KMn04/ H2SO4 D Ca B va C Ddp dn D 8.8 Thuoc thir nao cd the phan biet dung dich mat nhan: Na2S04, H2SO4, NaOH, BaCl2? A Quy tim B Phenolphtalein C Dung dich AgN03 D A hoac B Ddp dn D 8.9 Dl nhan bilt day dung dich: HCl, NaOH, Na2S04, NH4CI, NaCI, BaC^, AgN03 thi cin dung it nhat bao nhieu loai thuoc thir: 291 A B.2 C.3 U Ddp dn A 8.10 De nhan biet bdt kim loai Fe, Ag, Cu dung cac binh rieng biet diing thuoc thir: A Dung djch HNO3 dac nong B Dung dich HCl C Dung dich H2SO4 loang D Dung dich NaOH Ddp dn A 8.11 Dl phan biet cac dung dich (rieng biet): CrCb, CuCh, NH4CI, CrCIs va (NH4)2S04 ta chi can diing mgt dung dich thudc thir la A dung dich NaOH C BaCl2 B Ba(0H)2 D AgN03 Ddp dn B 8.12 Chi dung NaOH cd the nhan biet dugc day hoa chit nao cac day sau day: A Na2C03, AgN03, CaC^, HCl B H2SO4, Na2S04, MgS04, AICI3 C CuCb, AICI3, CaCl2, NaCl D AICI3, Zn(N03)2, FeCb, MgS04 Ddp dn B 8.13 Chi diing quy tim nhan biet cac chit rieng biet day dung dich sau: A Na2C03, K2SO3, CaCb, HCl B Na2C03, NaOH, HCl, Ba(0H)2 C A1(N03)3, FeS04, CuC^, NH4CI, HCl D H3PO4, H2SO4, HCl, H2O Ddp dn B 8.14 Dl nhan bilt day dung dich: HCl, NaOH, Na2S04, NH4CI, NaCl, BaC^, AgN03 thi can dung it nhat bao nhieu loai thulc thir: A Ddp dn A 292 B.2 C.3 D,4 8.i^ ^^ iiiiaii uicL uay nua i.;uat sau (d dang dung dich) KOH, HCl, FeCl3, Pb(N03)2, AI(N03)3, NH4NO3 thi phai diing it nhit sl thulc thir la: A B.2 C.3 D khong can thudc thir Ddp dn D Hogt dgng HOA HOC v A V A N D E P H A T T R I E N K I N H T E , X A H O I , MOI TRUOfNG 9.1 Ngudi ta sir dung clo de diet khuan nude vi li nao sau day? A Clo ddc nen cd tinh sat triing B Clo CO tinh oxi boa manh C Trong nude clo cd mat HCIO la chat oxi boa manh D Trong nude d o cd mat HCl la chit khir manh Ddp dn C 9.2 Ta tien hanh cac thi nghiem: (1) Mn02 tac dung vdi dung dich HCl (2) Nhiet phan KCIO3 (3) Nung hon hgp: CH3COONa + NaOH/CaO (4) Nhiet phan NaN03 Cac thi nghiem tao san pham gay d nhiem moi trudng la A (l)va(2) B ( l ) v a ( ) C (l)va(3) D (2) va (3) Ddp dn C 9.3 Hieu ling nha kinh la hien tugng Trai Dat dang nong len, cac hire xa cd budc sdng dai viing hong ngoai bi giii lai, ma khdng biic xa ngoai vu tru Chat nao sau day la nguyen nhan gay hieu ling nha kinh? A SO2 B N2 C CO2 D SO3 Ddp dn C 9.4 Khi lam thi nghiem vdi P trang can phai: A Cam bang tay cd deo gang 293 B Dimg cap gap nhanh mau P khdi Ig va cho vao chau dimg diy H2O chua sir dung C Tranh cho tiep xiic vdi H2O D De ngoai khdng Ddp dn B 9.5 Mgt loai nude ciing chiia 180 ppm (phin trieu) HC03~ Cin dung bao nhieu kg CaO de lam mim x ^ Ift nude, gia su chi cd nude ciing tam thdi A s 150kg B 165kg C =^ 660kg D 330kg Ddp dn D 9.6 Phan img tong hgp glucoza cay xanh cin dugc cung cip nang lugng 6CO2 + 6H2O -i5Z«£fUc6H,206 + 6O2 Cho bilt cir mgt phut (trdi ~ nang) moi cm la xanh nhan dugc 0,5cal nang lugng mat trdi nhung chi co 10%) dugc sir dung vao phan img tdng hgp glucoza Hdi cay xanh co 10 la, moi la 10cm thi can thdi gian la bao nhieu de tdng hgp dugc 0,18 gam glucoza va giai phdng dugc bao nhieu lit O2 (dktc)? A 221 phut va 0,1344/02 B 134 phut va 0,1344/02 C 92 phut va 0,244/02 D 92 phut va 0,1344/02 Ddp dn B 9.7 Mgt loai nude thai bj d nhilm bdi cac kim loai nang Pb^"^ Cu^"^ Fe^"^ 2+ : , , , Mn Hay chgn chat tdt nhat de loai bd het kim loai nang A NaOH du B Nude voi (dung dich Ca(0H)2) C Sue H2S D H2SO4 Ddp dn B 9.8 Khi thai (cua mgt nha may) cd chiia cac chit HF CO2, SO2, NO2, N2 Hay chgn chat tot nhit dl loai bo cac dgc trudc thai quyln A CaC03 va H2O 294 B Si02 va H2O C Nude vdi (dung dich Ca(0H)2) D CaCb Ddp dn C 9.9 Khi CO2 thai nhieu dugc coi la anh hudng xiu din mdi trudng vi: A Rat ddc B Tao bui cho mdi trudng C Gay hien tugng mua axit D Gay hieu img nha kinh Ddp dn D 9.10 Brom Idng hay hai deu rat ddc De xir If lugng brdm Idng khdng may bi vdi muc dich bao ve moi trudng, co the dung boa chat thong thudng de kiem nao sau day? A Dung dich NaOH B Dung djch KOH C Dung dich Ca(0H)2 D Dung dich Nai Ddp dn C 9.11 De diet chudt mdt nha kho ta ddt luu huynh rdi ddng kin cira nha kho lai Chugt hit phai khdi se bi sung yet hau, co giat, te liet, ca quan hd hap din den bi ngat ma chet Chat gi da lam chudt chet? A H2S B H2SO4 C SO2 D SO3 Ddp dn C 9.12 Am dun nude lau thudng co mdt ldp can voi dudi day De lam sach can CO the theo each nao sau day? A Dung giim pha vao nude am ngam vai tieng rdi sue sach B Dimg rugu pha vao nude am ngam vai tieng roi siic sach C Dung dung dich amoniac pha vao nude am ngam vai tieng rdi siic sach D Ca A, B, C diu dugc Ddp dn A 9.13 Lfng dung nao sau day khong phai cua xenluloza? A Diing la vat lieu xay dung va go B Nguyen lieu san xuat ximang C Nguyen lieu san xuat giay,vai sgi, ta sgi nhan tao 295 D Nguyen lieu san xuit ancol etylic Ddp dn B 9.14 Nhiing chat cho dudi day, chit nao la ngudn nguyen lieu tu nhien: canxi cacbua, cat, khoang vat pirit, nude biln va dai duang, rugu etylic, axit sunfuric, ta nilon - 6,6, khdng khf? A Cat, pirit, nude bien, axit sunfuric, khdng B Canxi cacbua, cat, pirit,.nude biln, ta nilon, khdng C Cat, pirit, nude bien, khdng D Cat, pirit, ancol etylic, nude biln, khdng Ddp dn C 9.15 Nhd bao quan bang nude ozon, man Bic Ha - Lao Cai da cd thi chuyen chd vao thi trudng H i Chi Minh, mang lai Igi nhuan cao cho ba nong dan Nguyen nhan nao sau day lam cho nude ozon cd thi bao quan hoa qua tuai dugc lau? A Ozon la mgt co tac dung lam hoa qua chfn tir tir dl keo dai sir dung B Ozon dgc va dl tan nude ban oxi C Ozon cd tinh chit oxi boa manh, kha nang sat triing cao va de tan nude ban oxi D Ozon kfch thfch cho hoa qua chfn cd miii vi dac trung Ddp dn C 296 MUC LUC Chu'O'ng DAI CU-aNG V^ KIM LOAI Bai 17 Vj TRi CUA KIM LOAI TRONG VA CAU TAO CUA KIM LOAI BANG H £ T H O N G TUAN HOAN Bai 18 TlNH CHAT COA KIM LOAI DAY DIEN HOA CUA KIM LOAI Bai 19 HOP KIM 11 30 Bai 20 S U ' A N M O N KIM LOAI 35 Bai 21 Dieu CHf KIM LOAI Bai 22 LUYEN TAP TlNH C H A T C O A KIM LOAI Bai 23 LUYEN TAP DlEU CHt KIM LOAI VA SU* AN M O N KIM LOAI BSi 24 BAI THU'C H A N H T I N H C H A T , D I S U CHt VA SU" AN M N KIM LOAI 51 66 74 81 Chu'O'ng KIM LOAI KI^M, KIM LOAI KI^M T H , NHOM Bai 25 KIM LOAI KlfM VA HOP C H A T QUAN TRONG C O A KIM LOAI KltM Bai 26 KIM LOAI K I E M THC) V A HOP C H A T QUAN TRONG CUA KIM LOAI Bai 27 86 KI^MTHO 102 N H O M V A HOP C H A T CUA N H M 123 Bai 28 LUYEN TAP TlNH C H A T CUA KIM LOAI KltM, KIM LOAI KlfM T H O VA HOP C H A T C O A CHUNG Bai 29 LUYEN TAP TlNH C H A T C O A N H O M V A HOP C H A T CUA N H O M Bai 30 BAI T H I / C H A N H T I N H C H A T CUA NATRI, MAGIE, N H O M VA HOP C H A T CUA CHUNG 140 150 157 Chycng S A T V A MOT S KIM LOAI QUAN TRONG Bai 31 SAT 163 Bai 32 HOP C H A T C O A S A T 171i Bai 33 Bai 34 B^i35 B^l 36 BSi 37 HOP KIM C O A S A T CROM VA HOP C H A T CUA CROM 180 190 198 206 212 OCNGVAHOPCHATCUADONG SO LU'OC v e NIKEN, KEM, CHI, THltC LUYEN TAP T ( N H C H A T CUA S A T V A HQ-p C H A T COA S A T 297 Bai 38 LUYEN TAP TlNH C H A T H O A HOC C O A CROM, D O N G V A HOP CUA CHUNG Bai 39 BAI THU'C H A N H TINH C H A T H O A HOC C O A S A T , G O N G CHAT VA HOP C H A T CUA S A T , C R O M 219 223 Chu'O'ng PHAN BIET MOT s6 C H A T V CO Bai 40 NHAN BlfT M Q T S O ION TRONG DUNG DICH Bai 41 NHANBieTMOTSOCHATKHi Bai 42 LUYEN TAP NHAN BltT MOT SC C H A T V CO 229 238 243 Chu'O'ng HOA HOC VA V A N Dt PHAT TRI^N KINH T £ , XA HOI, MOI TRU'aNG Bai 43 HOA HQC VA V A N D S P H A T T R I S N KINH T t Bai 44 HOA HOC VA V A N Oe XA HQI Bai 45 HOA HQC VA VAN D t MOI TRU'b'NG O N T A P C U O I NAM^ 298 251 258 263 271 Thiet ke bai giang HOA HOC - T A P HAI TS CAO / GlAO (ChCi bien) N H A XUAT BAN HA NOI Chiu trdch nhiem xudt bdn: NGUYfiN K H A C O A N H Bien tap: PHAM QUOC TUAN Vebia: NGUYfiN TUAN Tnnh bdy: THAI SC?N - SON LAM Siia bdn in: PHAM QUOC TUAN In 2000 cuon, kho 17x24 cm tai Cong ty TNHH In Ha Anh Quyet djnh xuat ban so: 68 - 2009 / CXB /67 g TK - 06 / HN, In xong va nop \\Ju chieu nam 2010 ^ftMBGH63tiocnT-' ICC ^" 2032824 37.000 D Gia: 37.000d [...]... HS hoan thanh cac so do phan ling sau K2Cr207 + FeS04 + H2SO4 > K2Cr207 + 6FeS04 +7H2S04Cr2(S04)3 +3Fe2(S04)3+ K2SO4 + 7H2O K2Cr207 + HCl -> + CI2+ K2Cr207 + 14HC1 > 2CrCl3 + 3CI2 + 2KCI + 7H2O K2Cr207 + H2S + H2SO4 +S K2Cr207 + 3H2S + 4H2SO4 > Cr2(S04)3 + 3S + K2SO4 + 7H2O GV lam thi nghiem: HS quan sat thi nghiem va nhan xet - Hiin tugng: - Cho 1 it dung dich K2Cr04 Ing nghiem sau do them vao 1 it... hudng GV nhan xet: dan ciia GV - Thong qua phan ung tren thiy 2HI + 2FeCl3 -^2FeCl2 + 2HCl + l2 muoi sat(III) co tinh oxi boa manh H2S + 2FeCl3 ->2FeCl2 + 2HCl + S - Ngoai ra muoi sat (III) cdn oxi > FeCl2 + MgCl2 boa dugc nhieu chit khir khac nhu: Mg + 2FeCl3 KI (HI), H2S, Mg, Al yeu ciu HS 3Mgdu + 2FeCl3 viet cac phan ling boa hgc > 2Fe + 3MgCl2 Hogt dgng 7 CUNG CO BAI VA BAI TAP VE NHA GV Phat cac phieu... hoa hgc minh boa H2O + Cr03 GV bd sung: Cac axit cua crom chi ton tai trong dung dich, khdng tach dugc d trang thai tu do 194 > H2Cr04 Axit cromic Tl n ri2w 1 "iCrCi ' zi^ru3 't H-iPr r> ^ n2'-'r2'-'7 Axit dieromic Hogt dgng cda GV Hogt dgng cda HS 2K0H + 2Cr03 > K2Cr207 + H2O Kali dicromat - Cr03 la chat oxi hoa manh 2Cr03 + 2NH3 ^ ^ Cr203 +N2 + 3H2O 4Cr03 + 3C - ^ ^ 2Cr203 + 3CO2 b) Muoi crom (VI)... 3H2 ^ ^ va Fe + 3H2O Fe203 + 2A1 — ^ AI2O3 + 2Fe Fe203 + 3C0 - ^ ^ Fe + 3CO2 + Tinh chat ciia oxit baza 175 Hogt dgng cua GV Hogt dgng cda HS Fe203 + 6HCI > 2FeCl3 + 3H2O - Dieu che: sit (III) oxit dugc dieu che tir GV nhan xet va bo sung: - Sat (III) oxit ed trong tir nhien Fe(0H)3 dudi dang quang hematit Fe(0H)3 - Co the tao ra Fe203 bang nhieu each nhu: 4Fe + 3O2 - -> 2Fe203 2Fe + 3H2O - ^ Fe203... Chgn dap an D Hogt dgng cua HS Hogt dgng cua GV A ls^2s-2p^3s-3p^3d^ B Is 2s 2p 3s 3p C ls^2s^2p^'3s^3p^3dW D ls^2s-2p^3s^3p^3d^4s' Bai 2 Trong phan img: Bai 2 Chgn dap an A Cr 02" +Br2 +0H" -^ Cr04^" +Br" + H2O Tong he so nguyen toi gian ciia cac chat tham gia la A .21 B.37 C 16 D.5 Bai 3 Cho phan img hoa hgc sau -7 0 3+ , ^ 2+ , Bai 3 Chgn dap an C ^ 2+ Zn + Cr > Cr + Zn Cau nao bieu dien diing vai trd... B Zn 2+ ' 2+ la chat khir, Cr 2+ la chat khir ' la chat oxi hoa C Cr D Cr la chat oxi boa, Zn la chat khir 2+ ' ' la chat khir, Zn la chat oxi boa Bai tap ve nha: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (SGK) D HU'ONG D A N GIAI B A I TAP TRONG SGK 2 Chgn dap an C 3 Chgn dap an B 4 a) Crom dong vai tr6 cation: CrCl2, Cr2(S04)3 b) Crom c6 trong thanh phan ciia anion: Na2Cr04, K2Cr207 5 Na^Cr^O^—^Na20+ Cr203+- 02 Na2Cr207 chua... hoan thanh sa do phan ung sau HS thao luan va hoan thanh sa dd FeS04 + KMn04 + H2SO4 -> 10FeSO4 + 2KMn04 + 8H2SO4-> Fe2(S04)3+ MnS04 + K2SO4 + H2O 5Fe2(S04)3 + 2MnS04 + K2SO4 + 8H2O GV yeu cau HS neu cac phuang - Phuang phap dieu che: Mudi sat (II) dieu phap dieu che mudi sit (II) che bang each Fe + 2HCI -^ FeCl2 + H2 FeO + H2SO4 -^ FeS04 + HjO 174 Hogt dgng cua HS Hogt dgng cda GV GV luu y HS: Mudi sit(Il)... Cr^^ > CrCl2 + ZnCb > C?^ + Zn^^ GV luu y HS: Tuy Zn dung trudc Cr trong day boat dgng boa hgc nhung 3+ 2+ Zn chi khir dugc Cr thanh Cr GV gidi thieu: Muli NaCr 02 bi brom oxi boa trong moi trudng kiem HS viet phuang trinh hoa hgc tao thanh muoi Na2Cr04 yeu cau HS 2NaCr 02 + 3Br2 + 8NaOH viet phuong trinh boa hgc > 2Na2Cr04 +NaBr + 4H2O Cr 02' +3Br2 +0H" ^ C r 0 4 ^ " +6Br" +H2O Hogt dgng 5 2 Hop chat... -> FeS04 + H2 55,6 •^Fc ~ ^FcS0,.7H,0' 27 8 0 ,2( mol) 179 Theo phuong trinh: n^^ = n^ =0 ,2( mol) ^ V^ =0 ,2. 22, 4 = 4,48(lit) 3 Chgn dap an B Fe + CUSO4 -> FeS04 + H2 56 (gam) X (gam) > 64 (gam) tang 64 - 56 = 8 (gam) < tang 4 ,28 57 - 4 = 0 ,28 57 (gam) -^ x = 1.9999 (gam) 4 Chgn dap an B 0,5 mol FeO va 0,5 mol Fe203 co thi coi la 0,5 mol Fe304 Vay ca hon hgp co 1 mol Fe304 nen co kbli lugng la 23 2 gam 5 hgn... sd oxi hoa boa hgc ciia muoi sat (II) va viet cac trung gian +2 nen cd tinh oxi boa va tinh phan img boa hgc minh hoa khir, ngoai ra cdn cd tinh chat chung ciia muoi - Tinh khir: Fe -^ Fe +e 2FeCl2 + CI2 ^ 2FeCl3 - Tinh oxi boa: Fe + 2e —> Fe M g + FeCl2 ^ M g C l 2 + Fe - Tinh chat ciia mudi FeCl2 + 2NaOH -^ Fe(0H )2^ ^ +2NaCl FeS04 + BaCl2 -^ FeCb + BaS04 4- GV nhan xet va yeu cau HS hoan thanh sa do