Thiết kế bài giảng hóa học 12 (tập 1) phần 2

ChiFcyng AMIN, AMINO AXIT VA PROTEIN Bai AMIN A MUC TIEU BAI HOC Kl§n thLPC HS biit: • Dinh nghia, cdng thiic chung, dac diem cau tao danh phap cua cac amin dien hinh • Tinh chat vat li: Quy luat bien ddi tan, nhiet sdi ciia cac amin • Tinh chdt boa hgc: Tinh baza cua amin, phan iing the d nhan benzen cua anilin HS hiiu: Nguyen nhan gay tinh baza cho cac amin, tai anilin khdng lam quy, phenolphtalein ddi mau? KT nang • Nhan dang cac hgp chat amin • Viet chinh xac cac phuang trinh hda hgc • Quan sat, phan tich cac thi nghiem chiing minh ciia amin • So sanh lire baza giira cac amin vdi va vdi NH3 Tinh cam, thai • Hieu dugc each giai quyet mau thuan giiia cau tao va tinh chat hoa hgc cua ciia amin tao nen sir himg thii giai quyet van de mdi • Thay dugc tam quan trgng cac amin ddi sdng va san xuat gay hiing thu cho HS hgc bai B C H U A N B! CUA GV VA HS • GV: - May tinh, may chieu, cac phieu hgc tap - Hoa chat: NH3, anilin, metyl amin, nude cat, quy tim, nude brom - Dung cu: Ong nghiem, cap dng nghiem, bd gia thi nghiem • HS: Xem trudc bai amin 128 C TI^N TRINH D A Y - HOC Hogt dpng ciia HS Hogt dpng cua GV Hogt dpng I I KHAI NIEM, PHAN LOAI VA DANH PHAP K H A I NIEM, PHAN LOAI GV chieu len man hinh cac cdng thiic HS quan sat, thao luan: NH3, CH3NH2, CH3-NH-CH3, (CH3)3N - So sanh Yeu cau HS: So sanh cau tao ciia NH3 + Gidng nhau: deu cd N~^(hda tri III) vdi cac chat cdn lai Biet cac chat dd la + Khac nhau: NH3 cd hidro lien kit vdi amin tir dd neu khai niem amin? N, cac chat khac cd gdc hidrocacbon lien ket vdi N cua NH3 - Khai niem: Khi thay thi nguyen tir H phan tir NH3 bang gdc hidro cacbon ta thu dugc amin GV yeu cau HS: Lap day ddng ddng cua HS thao luan: amin no don chiic, mach hd Tir cdng thirc amin don gian nhdt CH5N —> ddng dang cd dang CH5(CH2)kN^Ck+,H2k+5N Dat k+1 = n -> CnH2n+3N (n> 1) GV: Tuong tu viet cdng thiic tdng quat ciia cac amin la ddng dang cua C6H7N HS: Cdng thiic la CnH2n-5N (n>6) HS thao luan: ancol etylic GV yeu cau HS: Viet ddng phan va ggi CH3-CH2-OH ten cac chat cd cdng thiic phan tir CH3OCH3 dimetyl ete C2HeO HS thao luan: C4H9N la amin no mach hd, don chiic GV gidi thieu tuong tu C2HeO thi amin CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH2 ciing cd cac ddng phan vi tri nhdm N CH3-CH2-NH-CH2-CH3 Yeu cau HS: Viet ten cac amin cd cdng CH3-CH2-CH2-NH-CH3 thiic C4H9N CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-NH2 GV gidi thieu cho HS biet cac chat cd CH3-CH(CH3)-NH-CH3 cdng thirc (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 129 Hogt dpng cua GV (1), (4), (7) la amin bac I (2), (3), (5) la amin bac II Hogt dpng cda HS CH3-CH2-N(CH3)2 (CH3)3C-NH2 (6) (7) (6) la amin bac III HS thao luan: GV luu y: Cdn phan biet bac amin va Bac amin la sd nguyen tir H phan tir NH3 bi thay thi bac ancol GV: Tir nhung ddng phan da vilt thi HS: thao luan va nhan xet amin cd nhiing d^ng ddng phan nao? GV yeu cdu: Neu khai niem bac amin Amin cd cac loai ddng phan: - Vi tri nhdm chuc - Bac amin GV cho HS nghien ciiu SGK va dat vdn HS thao luan va nhan xet amin phan lam loai thdng dung la: de traJdi cac cau hdi - Cd thi chia amin nhiing loai - Theo gdc hidrocacbon nao? - Cho vi du minh hga + amin beo: CH3NH2 C2H5NH2 + amin thom: CeH H2, CH3C6H4NH2 - Theo bac amin + amin bac mgt: CH3NH2, C6H5NH2 + amin bac hai: CH3-NH-CH3, CH3-NH-CeH5 + amin bac ba: (CH3)3N Hogt dpng 2 DANH P H A P GV chilu len bang 3.1 (SGK) len man HS quan sat,thao luan dua nhan xet Cd each ggi ten hinh cho HS quan sat va yeu cdu: - Cd bao nhieu each ggi ten? + Ten gdc-chiic: cd cau tnic Ten amin = Ank + yl + amin 130 Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cda HS - Neu quy tac ggi ten amin? + Ten thay thi: cd cdu tnic - Ggi ten cac amin sau day? Ten amin = Ankan + vi tri + amin CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-NH2 (CH3)3C-NH2 + Ten thdng thudng chi ap dung cho mgt sd amin CH3-NH-C2H5 Vi du: C6H5NH2 anilin 0-CH3-C6H5NH2 GV bd sung: Neu cd nhieu nhdm chiic HS thao luan: Dimetylamin: CH3-NH-CH3 amin thi them cac tiep dau ngii di, tri Vi du: NH2-(CH2)6-NH2 hexametylendiamin Phenylamin: C6H5NH2 Benzylamin: C6H5CH2NH2 GV chieu len man hinh bai tap len man Hexan-1,6-diamin: NH2(CH2)6NH2 hinh cho HS thao luan o-metylpheylamin NH2 Vilt ten Cac amin cd ten sau day: dimetylamin, phenylamin, benzylamin hexan-1,6-diamin, o-metylpheylamin Etylmetylamin: C2H5-NH-CH3 etylmetylamin ^ [^"' Hogt dpng II TINH C H A T VAT LI GV cho HS nghien ciiu SGK va yeu cau HS: Nghien ciiu SGK va nhan xet HS nhan xet ve: - Trang thai - Trang thai (d nhiet thudng) Metylamin, dimetylamin, trimetylamin etylamin la chat cd mau khai khd - Trang thai, mau sac, kha nang hda tan chju Cac amin khac la chat Idng hoac ran cua anilin - Giai thich tai anilin de lau - La cac hgp chat khdng mau, amin dau deu tan tdt nude, thii tu cac khdng thi cd mau den amin cd tan giam theo chieu tang phan tir khdi - Sir bien thien ve tan 131 Hogt dpng cua GV Hogt dpng cda HS - Anilin la chdt Idng khdng mau sdi d 184°C, it tan nude, tan nhilu dung mdi hiiu ca - D I lau anilin ngoai khdng thi co mau den anilin bi oxi khdng oxi hda GV nhan xet va bd sung: tat ca cac amin HS quan sat deu ddc nhu nicotin, anilin GV chilu len man hinh bang sau Chat C2H50H C2H5NH2 C3H8 L s 78,3°C 16,6°C -42°C va dat vdn dl: Tai amin va ancol cd phan tir khdi xdp xi ma nhiet sdi chenh lech rat Idn HS thao luan va nhan xet GV hudng dan HS giai quylt vdn dl - So sanh phdn cau tao cua chat - DIU cd phan tii' khdi xdp xi tren - YIU td nao anh hudng din nhiet sdi - Tai ancol cd nhiet sdi cao nhat - Khac la do: C3H8 gdm cd C,H khdng cd nhdm chuc C2H5OH cd nhdm chiic hidroxyl C2H5NH2 cd nhdm chiic amin - Nhdm chiic anh hudng tdi nhiet sdi - Ancol cd nhdm OH phdn cue nen co lien ket hidro GV: Vay amin cd lien ket hidro hay HS: Theo khai niem vl lien kit hidro khdng? NIU cd hay so sanh lien ket thi amin cd lien ket hidro Lien kit N-H kem phan cue hon lien hidro cua ancol va amin kit 0-H nen lien ket hidro ciia amin ylu ban lien ket hidro ciia ancol 132 Hogt dpng cua HS Hogt dpng cda GV GV yeu cau HS kit luan vdn dl HS ket luan van de: Amin cd lien ket hidro yeu han ancol nen cd nhiet sdi thap ban ancol va ankan Hogt dpng III CAU TAO PHAN T i j VA TINH C H A T H O A HOC LCAUTAOPHANTLT Cdch 1: GV yeu cau HS len bang viet cdng thirc HS len bang viet cdng thiic cau tao cau tao va neu dac diem cau triic ciia NH3 phan tir NH3 Q N / H / \ H H NH3 cd cau tao dang hinh thap dinh la N va dinh cdn lai la H, tren nguyen tir N cdn cd cap electron tu (chua lien ket) HS len bang viet cdng thiic cau tao GV gidi thieu cho HS bilt: Amin cd cdu tao gidng vdi NH3 Yeu cau mdt HS len bang vilt cdu tao cua metylamin dimetylamin, trimetylamin, anilin /N , N // \ CH3 H H metylamin /I \ ^ " CH3 H dimetylamin N / / \ CH3 CH3 CH3 N / / H H trimetylamin \ C6H5 anilin GV yeu cdu HS du doan tinh chdt hda HS thao luan va nhan xet: hgc cua amin 133 Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cua HS Amin cd cdu tao tuong tu amoniac - Tinh baza - Tinh khir - Tinh chat cua gdc hidrocacbon Cdch 2: HS quan sat (nghien cim SGK) GV chieu hinh 3.2 SGK len man hinh - Cau tao cua amin tuong tu NH3 (hoac cho HS nghien ciiu SGK) yeu cdu - Tinh chat cua amin tuang tu NH3 HS nhan xet ve: + Tinh baza - Cau tao cua NH3 va cac amin + Tinh chat ciia gdc hidrocacbon - Du doan tinh chat hda hgc ciia amin + Tinh khir Hogt dpng TINH C H A T H O A HOC a) Tinh bazff GV lam thi nghiem Nhiing giay quy HS quan sat vao cac dung dich sau: metylamin, - Hien tugng: amoniac, anilin Yeu cau HS quan sat, + Ong dung dung djch metyl amin, neu hien tugng va giai thich amoniac quy tim chuyen mau xanh + Ong dung anilin quy tim Ichdng doi mau GV dieu khien, hudng dan HS giai - Giai thich: thich Metyl amin va nhieu amin khac tan vao nude phan ung vdi nude tuong tu NH3 sinh ion OH" >TTT _i_TI/^ NH3 + H2O < \ PTiTTT T*" (^TT~ > [NH4] + OH CH3NH2 + H20 < > [CH3NH3] + 0H' Vi vay CH3NH2, NH3 lam quy tim hda xanh 134 Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cda HS GV bd sung: Anilin va cac amin tham HS ghi bai phan ling rat kem vdi nude va tinh baza cua anilin rdt ylu (ylu hon CH3NH2, NH3) nen khdng lam quy tim ddi mau phenolptalein HS quan sat va nhan xet: Nhd vai gigt dung dich vao dng - Ong thay anilin hau nhu khdng tan, nghiem Ong nghiem 1: dung nude cdt lang xudng day dng nghiem dng nghiem 2: dung dung dich HCl - Ong thay anilin tan Yeu cau HS: Giai thich: - Quan sat + Anilin hau nhu khdng tac dung vdi - Neu hien tugng nude nen anilin hau nhu khdng tan, nd tao van due rdi lang xudng day - Giai thich + Anilin tan dugc HCl cd phan ling tao hgp chat tan nude C6H5NH2 + HCl ^[CeH5NH3]^Cr Phenylamoni clorua GV tiep tuc lam thi nghiem: GV dat vdn dl: Tai amin beo(ankyl HS thao luan giai quyet van de dudi su amin) lai cd tinh baza manh hon anilin? dieu khien cua GV GV dilu khiln hudng dan HS giai quylt - Cau tao cua NH3 van de Q y^ / H / H \ H - cdu tao cua NH3 giai thich tai lai NH3 cdn cd mdt cap electron tu nen cd tinh baza ? cd kha nang nhan proton (H"*^)-> cd tinh baza 135 Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cda HS - So sanh cap electron tu NH3 - So sanh NH3 va CH3NH2 va ankyl amin (VD: metyl amin) - So sanh cap electron tu NH3 va anilin Q / / H H N CH3 H H H Do cd gdc ankyl(CH3) cd hieu iing day electron len N lam cho mat electron tu tren nguyen tir N tang -^ de cho cap electron tu (de cdng H'*') hon nen cd tinh baza manh hon NH3 - Tuong tu vdi NH3 va CeH5NH2 thi nhdm CeHs cd hieu iing hut electron cua nhdm NH2 lam giam mat electron cua nguyen tir N so vdi mat electron NH3 N ,N H H H H H CsH 605 -> lam giam kha nang nhan H'*^ -^ tinh baza ciia anilin nhd ban cua NH3 GV yeu cau HS ket luan van de HS: Tinh baza ciia anilin cd the manh ban hay yeu hon NH3 thudc vao gdc hidrocacbon lien ket vdi nita GV chieu bai tap sau len man hinh cho HS thao luan: HS thao luan Chgn dap an C Sap xep cac chat sau theo thii tu luc baza tang ddn NH3, CH3NH2, (CH3)2NH, CH2=CH-NH2 A CH2=CH-NH2, CH3NH2, NH3, (CH3)2NH 136 Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng ciia HS B NH3, CH3NH2, CH2=CH-NH2, (CH3)2NH C CH2=CH-NH2, NH3, CH3NH2, (CH3)2NH D (CH3)2NH, CH3NH2, CH2=CH-NH2, NH3 GV: Tuang tu NH3 hay vilt phuong HS thao luan viet phuong trinh hda hgc trinh hda hgc ciia metylamin vdi dung 3CH3NH2 + 3H2O + FeCl3 -^ dich FeCl3 3CH3NH3CI + Fe(OH)3i GV yeu cau HS: Viet phuang trinh hda HS: Phuang trinh hda hgc hgc chay tdng quat cua day ddng dang „ _ , , 6n + _ C n H n +3N+^;—02^ metylamin 2nC02 + (2n + 3)H20 + N2 Hogt dpng b) Phdn ling the & nhan tham cda anilin GV lam thi nghiem: HS quan sat Cho vai gigt dung dich Br2 vao dng nghiem: dng la dung dich metyl amin, dng la dung dich anilin rdi lac nhe Yeu cau HS: - Hien tugng: Ong nghiem dung dung dich anilin xuat hien ket tua trang - Quan sat - Neu hien tugng - Giai thich - Viet phuong trinh hda hgc O" - Giai thich: Tuong tu vdi phenol thi nhdm -NH2 day electron vao nhan tham lam giau electron tai cac vi tri ortho-para nen de dang thay thi nguyen tir hidro bang nguyen tir brom tao 2,4,6-tribrom anilin - Phuong trinh hda hgc NH2 JL [Q]+3Br2^ ^ ^ NH, JL ^'•"O"^' +3HBr ^^^(trang) 137 Gia sir phan iing xay hoan toan thi V cd gia tri la A 12,375 ml B 13,375 ml C 14,375 ml Ddp dn C 2.21 Saccarit nao sau day khong bi thuy phan ? A Glucozo B Saccarozo C Mantoza Ddp dn A D 24,735 ml D Tinh bgt 2.22 De phan biet glucoza va fructoza, ta cd the dimg thudc thir la A Nude vdi B Nude brom C AgN03/NH3 Ddp dn B D dung dich NaOH 2.23 Cho m gam tinh bdt len men de san xuat ancol etylic, toan bd lugng CO2 sinh cho di qua dung dich Ca(0H)2 thu dugc 200 gam ket tua, dun ndng dung dich nude lgc thu dugc, them 200 gam kit tua Biet hieu suat mdi giai doan len men la 75%) Khdi lugng m da dung la A 860 gam B 880 gam C 869 gam D 864 gam Ddp dn D 1.14 Phan iing nao sau, day khong dung de chiing minh dac diem cau tao phan tvr glucoza? A Phan iing vdi NaOH de chiing minh phan tir cd nhdm OH B Hoa tan Cu(0H)2 de chiing minh phan tir cd nhieu nhgm OH ke C Phan ling vdi phan tii CH3COOH de chimg minh cd nhdm OH D Phan iing vdi Ag20 NH3 de chiing minh phan tu cd nhdm CHO Ddp dn A 2.25: Mudn xet nghiem sir cd mat cua dudng nude tilu khong thi dimg nude thudc thir nao sau day? A Thudc thir Fehlinh ( phiii: Cu^"*^ vdi ion tactarat) B Thudc thir tolen ( phiic Ag"^ vdi NH3 ) C Cu(0H)2 D Dung dich vdi sira Ddp dn A 235 2.26: Chgn phat bieu dung ve Cacbohidrat: A Cacbohidrat la mdt loai hidrocacbon B Cacbohidrat la hgp chat tap chiic cd chiia nhilu nhdm -OH va cd nhdm >C0 phan tir C Cacbohidrat la hgp chat da chiic cd chiia nhilu nhdm - O H va cd nhdm >C0 phan tir D Cacbohidrat la hgp chat cd cdng thiic chung la Cn(H20)n Ddp dn B 2.27 Cho cac dung dich, khdng mau: HCOOH, CH3COOH, Glucoza(C6Hi206), glixerol, C2H5OH, CH3CHO Diing nhiing cap chat nao cd the nhan bilt dugc ca chat? A Cu(0H)2, quy tim, AgNOs dung dich NH3 B Quy tim, NaOH va AgNOs dung dich NH3 C Cu(0H)2, AgN03 dung djch NH3 va NaOH D Quy tim, AgN03 dung dich NH3 va H2SO4 Ddp dn A 2.28 Cho m gam hdn hgp glucoza, mantoza tac dung hoan toan vdi dung dich AgN03/NH3 thu dugc 32,4 gam Ag Cho m gam hon hgp Glucozo, mantoza vao dung dich H2SO4 loang den thuy phan hoan toan Trung boa het axit sau dd cho san pham tac dung hoan toan vdi dung dich AgN03/NH3 thu dugc 45,36 gam Ag Khdi lugng Glucoza m gam hon hgp la A 10,8 gam B 14,58 gam C 16,2gam D 20,52gam Ddp dn C 2.29: Khdi lugng glucoza diing de dieu che lit ancol etylic vdi hieu suat 80% (khdi lugng rieng cua ancol etylic la 0,8 g/ml) la A 2,504kg B 3,130 kg C 2,003 kg D 3,507 kg Ddp dn B 2.30 Xenluloza diaxetat (X) dugc diing de san xuat phim anh hoac to axetat Cdng thirc don gian nhat (cdng thiic thuc nghiem) cua X la A C3H4O2 Ddp dn B 236 B C,oH,407 C C,2H,407 D C,2H,405 Chirang III AMIN-AMINO AXIT-P,ROTEIN 3.1 Cdng thirc nao dudri day la cdng thiic chung cua day ddng dang amin thom (chura mdt vdng benzen), don chiic, bac nhat? A.C„H2n-7NH2 (n>6) B.C„H2n+iNH2 (n>6) C.C6H5NHC„H2n.i(n>l) D C„H2n-3NHC„H2n-4 (n>3) Ddp dn A 3.2 Phan tich dinh lugng hgp chdt hiiu co X ta thdy ti le khdi lugng giira nguyen to C, H, O, N la mc: mn: mo: mN = 4,8: 1: 6,4: 2,8 Ti khdi hoi ciia X so vdi He bang 18,75 Cdng thiic phan tii cua X la A C2H5O2N B C3H7O2N C C4H10O4N2 D C2Hg02N2 Ddp dn A 3.3 Ldy 9,1 gam hgp chdt A cd cdng thiic phan tir la C3H9O2N tac dung vdi dung dich NaOH du, dun ndng, cd 2,24 lit (do d dktc) B thoat lam xanh gidy qui tim dm Ddt chay hit 1/2 lugng B ndi tren, thu dugc 4,4 gam CO2 Cdng thiic cau tao ciia A va B la A HCOONH3C2H5; C2H5NH2 B CH3COONH3CH3; CH3NH2 C HCOONH3C2H3; C2H3NH2 D CH2=CHCOONH4; NH3 Ddp dn A 3.4 Cho cac dung dich cua cac hgp chat sau: NH2-CH2-COOH (I); CIH3N-CH2-COOH (2); NH2-CH2-COONa (3); NH2-(CH2)2CH(NH2)-COOH (4); HOOC-(CH2)2CH(NH2)-COOH (5) Cac dung dich lam quy tim boa dd la A.(l),(3) B.(3),(4) C(2),(5) D.(l),(4) Ddp dn C 3.5 Cho hon hgp hai amino axit deu chiia nhdm amino va nhdm cacboxyl vao 440 ml dung dich HCl 1M dugc dung dich X De tac dung bet vdi dung djch X cdn 840 ml dung dich NaOH IM Vay tao dung dich X thi A Amino axit va HCl ciing het B Du amino axit C Du HCl D Khdng xac dinh dugc Ddp dn C 237 3.6 Day chat nao sau day dugc xIp theo chilu tang ddn bac cua amin? A CH3CH2NHCH3, CH3T^H2, (CH3)2NCH2CH3 B C2H5NH2, (CH3)2CHNH2, (CH3)3CNH2 C CH3NH2, CH3CH2NHCH3, (CH3)2NCH2CH3 D CH3NH2, (CH3)2NCH2CH3, CH3CH2NHCH3 Ddp dn C 3.7 Cho so dd phan iing: CH3NH2 ^^"^' > A ^"^' > B Cac chdt A, B so dd tren lan lugt la A (CH3)2NH, CH3CH2NH3CI B (CH3)2NH, (CH3)2NH2C1 C C2H5NH2, C2H5NH3CI D (CH3)2NH, CH3NH3CI Ddp dn B 3.8 Cac chdt sau dugc sdp xIp theo thii tu tinh bazo tang dan: A C6H5NH2, NH3, CH3NH2, C2H5NH2, CH3NHCH3 B CH3NH2, C6H5NH2, NH3, C2H5NH2 C NH3, C6H5NH2, CH3NH2, CH3NHCH3 D NH3, C2H5NH2, CH3NHC2H5, CH3NHCH3 Ddp dn A 3.9 Hgp chdt X luong tinh cd cdng thiic phan tii la C3H9O2N Cho X tac dung vdi dung dich NaOH thi thu dugc etyl amin Cdng thiic cau tao cua X la A CH3COONH3CH3 B HCOONH3C2H5 C HCOONH2(CH3)2 D C2H5COONH4 Ddp dn B 3.10 Sd ddng phan amin bac cd cdng thiic phan tu C4H1 iN la A B.3 C.4 D.5 Ddp dn B 3.11 Hgp chat X cd cdng thirc phan tir la C9H17O4N, cd cau tao ddi xung Hgp chat Y cd cdng thiic phan tir la C5H704NNa2 cd so dd chuyen boa: V + dung dich N a O H A • ^ > + dung djch HCl Cdng thirc cau tao cua X la A C2H500CCH2CH(NH2)CH2COOC2H5 238 r^ ij r\ XT/^I * L,5rlioC4rNCl B CH3COOCH2CH(NH2)CH200CC3H7 C CH3COOCH2CH2CH(NH2)CH2CH200CCH3 D C2H500CCH2CH2CH(NH2)COOC2H5 Ddp dn A 3.12 E)6t chay hoan toan m gam mgt amin don chiic thu dugc 0,2 mol CO2 va 0,35 mol H2O Cdng thiic phan tir ciia amin la A C4H7N B C2H7N C C4H,4N D C2H5N Ddp dn B 3.13 De tdng hgp cac protein tir cac amino axi4:, ngudi ta dimg phan iing: A Trimg hgp B Trimg ngung C Trung boa D Este hoa Ddp dn B 3.14 Day gdm cac chat deu cd kha nang lam ddi mau qui tim la A C6H5OH, C2H5NH2,CH3COOH B CH3NH2, C2H5NH2, CH3COOH C C6H5NH2 va CH3NH2, C2H5NH2 D (C6H5)2NH, (CH3)2NH, NH2CH2COOH Ddp dn B 3.15 Hgp chat hiiu co A chiia cac nguyen td C,H,0,N dd N chiem 15,73 % ve khdi lugng Chat A tac dung dugc vdi NaOH va HCl va deu theo ty le 1:1 ve sd mol Chat A cd san thien nhien va tdn tai d trang thai ran Cdng thiic cau tao cua A cd the la A NH2CH2CH2COOH B CH2=CHCOONH4 C HCOOCH2CH2NH2 D NH2CH2COOCH3 Ddp dn A 3.16 Cho so bien hoa C 2^2 H "^ B -D C6H5NH2 Cac chdt A, B, D ldn lugt la A C6H6, C6H5NO2, C6H5NH3CI B C6H6, C6H5CI, C6H5NO2 C C6H,2, C6H6, C6H5NO2 D CeHs, C6H5NO2, C6H4(N02)2 Ddp dn A 239 3.17 Cho cac hgp chdt hiiu co: phenyl metyl ete, toluen, anilin, phenol Trong sd cac chdt da cho, nhirng chdt cd thi lam mdt mau dung dich brom la A Toluen, anilin, phenol B Phenyl metyl ete, toluen, anilin, phenol C Phenyl metyl ete, anilin, phenol D Phenyl metyl ete, toluen, phenol Ddp dn A 3.18 Hay sdp xIp cac chdt sau day theo trat tu tang ddn tinh bazo: NH3, CH3NH2, C6H5NH2; (CH3)2NH va (C6H5)2NH: A (C6H5)2NH, NH3, C6H5NH2, (CH3)2NH, CH3NH2 B (C6H5)2NH, C6H5NH2, NH3, CH3NH2, (CH3)2NH C (CH3)2NH, CH3NH2, NH3, C6H5NH2, (C6H5)2NH D NH3, CH3NH2, C6H5NH2, (CH3)2NH, (C6H5)2NH Ddp dn B 3.19 Hgp chdt nao sau day khong phai la amino axit ? A NH2CH2COOH B HOOCCH2CHNH2COOH C CH3NHCH2COOH D CH3CH2CONH2 Ddp dn D 3.20 Cho X la mdt amino axit Khi cho 0,01mol X tac dung vdi HCl thi dung het 80ml dung dich HCl 0,125M va thu dugc 1,835gam muoi khan Cdn cho 0,0Imol X tac dung vdi dung dich NaOH thi cdn dung 25gam NaOH 3,2% Cdng thiic cdu tao cua X la A NH2C3H6COOH B C1NH3C3H3(C00H)2 C NH2C3H5(COOH)2 D (NH2)2C3H5COOH Ddp dn C 3.21 Cd thi tach rieng cac chdt tir hon hgp ldng gdm benzen va anilin bang nhiing chat nao? A Dung dich NaOH, dung dich brom B Dung dich HCl, dung dich NaOH C H2O, dung dich brom D Dung dich NaCl, dung dich brom Ddp dn B 240 3.22 De phan biet cac dung dich glucoza, glixerol, andehit axetic, ancol etylic va ldng trang triing ta dimg: A.NaOH Ddp dn C B AgN03/NH3 C Cu(0H)2 D HNO3 3.23 Trong cac chat: metyl benzoat, natri phenolat, ancol benzylic, phenyl amoni clorua, glixerin, protein Sd chat tac dung dugc vdi dung dich NaOH la A Ddp dn A 3.24 Trong cac chat: B C D P-NO2-C6H4-NH2; P-CH3O-C6H4-NH2; P-NH2-C6H4-CHO; C6H5-NH2 Chat cd tinh bazo manh nhat la A P-NO2-C6H4-NH2 B P-CH3O-C6H4-NH2 C P-NH2-C6H4-CHO D C6H5-NH2 ' Ddp dn B 3.25 C4H1 iN cd sd ddng phan amin bac la A B.3 C.4 D.5 Ddp dn C 3.26 Cho 14,7 gam mdt amino axit X (cd nhdm NH2) tac dung vdi NaOH du thu dugc 19,1 gam mudi Mat khac ciing lugng amino axit tren phan img vdi HCl du tao 18,35 gam mudi Cdng thirc cau tao cua X cd the la A NH2-CH2-COOH B CH3-CH(NH2)COOH C NH2-(CH2)6 -COOH D HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH(NH2)COOH Ddp dn D 3.21 Trong cac chdt: C6H5NH2, CH3CH2NHCH3, CH3CH2CH2NH2, CH3NH2 chdt cd tinh bazo manh nhat la A C6H5NH2 B CH3NH2 C CH3CH2NHCH3 D CH3CH2CH2NH2 Ddp dn C 3.28 Cho so dd C8H,504N + 2NaOH -^ C5H704NNa2 + CH4O + C2H6O Bilt C5H7()4NNa2 cd mach cacbon khdng phan nhanh, cd -NH2 tai C" thi C8H15O4N cd sd cdng thiic cau tao phii hgp la A B C D Ddp dn B 241 3.29 Hgp chat hiiu co cd cdng thirc phan tir C3H9O2N Sd ddng phan cd tinh chat ludng tinh (vira tac dung vdi dung dich NaOH va dung dich HCl) la A.l B.2 C.3 D.4 Ddp dn D 3.30 Ddt chay hoan toan 10,4 gam hai amin no, don chiic, ddng dang lien tiep thu dugc 11,2 lit CO2 (dktc) Hai amin cd cdng thirc phan tir la A CH4N va C2H7N B C2H5N va C3H9N C C2H7N va C3H7N D C2H7N va C3H9N Ddp dn D Chu'O'ng IV POLIME VA VAT LIEU POLIME 4.1 Khai niem dung ve polime la A Polime la hgp chat dugc tao tir cac phan tir ldn B Polime la hgp chat dugc tao tir cac phan 4ir cd phan tu khdi nhd ban C Polime la san pham nhat ciia phan triing hgp hoac triing ngung D Polime la hgp chat cao phan tir gdm n mdt xich tao Ddp dn D 4.2 Trong cac chat sau day chdt nao khong phai la polime A Tri stearat glixerol B Nhua bakelit C Cao su D Tinh bdt Ddp dn A 4.3 Chat nao dudi day khong thi tham gia phan ung triing hgp A Propilen Ddp dn D B Stiren C Propin D Toluen 4.4 San phdm -^C2H4-0-CO-C6H4-CO^ dugc tao tir phan iing nao sau day A C2H5OH + HOOC-C6H4-COOH-^ B C2H5-COOH + HO-C6H4-OH^ C CH2=CH-C00H + HOOC-C6H4-COOH-> D HO-C2H4-OH + HOOC-C6H4-COOH^ Ddp dn D 242 4.5 Chat cd cdng thiic cdu tao sau dugc tao tir phan iing - t C H - CH=CH-CH2-CH2-CHis CeHs A CH3-CH=CH-CH3 va CH2=CH-C6H5 B CH2=CH2 va CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-C6H5 C CH2=CH-CH3 va CH2=CH-CH2-C6H5 D CH2=CH-CH=CH2 va CH2=CH-C6H5 Ddp dn D 4.6 To nilon-6 thudc loai to thudc loai to nao sau day A To nhan tao B To tu nhien C To poliamit D To polieste B To tdng hgp C To nhan tao D To poliamit Ddp dn C 4.7 Xenluloza triaxetat dugc xem la A Chat deo Ddp dn C 4.8 Khdi lugng ciia mdt doan mach to nilon-6,6 la 27346 u va cua mdt doan mach to capron la 17176 u Sd lugng mat xich doan mach nilon-6,6 va capron neu tren lan lugt la A 113 va 152 B I 13 v a i 14 C 121 va 152 D 121 v a i 14 Ddp dn C 4.9 Khi triing ngung a gam axit aminoaxetic vdi hieu suat 80%), ngoai aminoaxit du ngudi ta cdn thu dugc m gam polime va 2,88 gam nude Gia tri ciia m la A 7,296 gam B 11,40 gam C 11,12 gam D 9,120 gam Ddp dn D 4.10 Tir 15kg metyl metacrylat cd the dieu che dugc bao nhieu gam thuy tinh hiiu CO cd hieu suat 90%)? A 13500n (kg) B 13500 g C 150n (kg) D 13,5 (kg) Ddp dn B 4.11 Khi dot chay polime X chi thu dugc CO2 va hoi nude vdi ti le sd mol tuong img la 1: X la polime nao dudi day ? A Polipropilen B Tinh bdt C Polivinyl clorua (PVC) D Polistiren (PS) Ddp dn A 243 4.12 Polime dugc trimg hgp tir etilen Hdi 280g polietilen da dugc tning hgp tir tdi thieu bao nhieu phan tir etilen? A 3,01.10^^ Ddp dn B B 6,02.10^^ C 6,02.10^^ D 10 4.13 Ddt chay hoan toan mdt lugng polietilen, san phdm chay cho di qua binh dung dung dich Ca(0H)2 du thdy xudt hien 10 gam kit tua Khdi lugng binh thay ddi nhu the nao? A Tang4,4g B Tang 6,2g C Giam 3,8g D Giam 5,6g Ddp dn B 4.14 Cho san pham triing hgp mol etilen d dieu kien thich hgp tac dung vira dii I6g Brom Hieu suat phan iing triing hgp va khdi lugng PE thu dugc la A 80%; 22,4 g B 90%; 25,2 g C 20%; 25,2 g D 10%; 28 g Ddp dn B 4.15 Tien hanh phan iing triing hgp 5,2 gam stiren, sau phan img ta them 400 ml dung dich nude brom 0,125M, khuay deu cho phan iing hoan toan thay du 0,04 mol Br2 Khdi lugng polime sinh la A 4,16 gam B 5,20 gam C 1,02 gam D 2,08 gam Ddp dn A 4.16 Mdt loai polime cd cau tao khdng phan nhanh nhu sau -CH2-CH2 -CH2-CH2 -CH2-CH2 -CH2-CH2Cdng thiic mdt mat xich cua polime la A -CH2- B -CH2-CH2-CH2- C - CH2-CH2- D -CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2- Ddp dn C 4.17 Polime X cd phan tir khdi la 280000 va he so tning hgp n=10000 Vay X la A.-eCH2-CH2-tn B.tCF2-CF2l-n C.-eCH2-CH(Cl)1-n Ddp dn A D.tCH2-CH(CH3)1s 4.18: Qua nghien ciiu thuc nghiem cho thdy cao su thien nhien la polime cua monome A buta-1,3-dien va stiren B 2-metylbuta-l ,3-dien C buta-1,3-dien D buta-1,2-dien Ddp dn B 244 4.19 Chi rd monome cua san pham triing hgp cd ten ggi poli propilen (P.P) A.-eCH2-CH2ls B CH2=CH-CH3 C CH2=CH2 D.t-CH2-CH(CH3)^ Ddp dn D 4.20: Cii 2,62g cao su buna-S phan iing vira hit vdi 1,6 gam brom CCI4 Hdi ti le sd mat xich butadien va stiren cao su buna-S la bao nhieu ? A 2/3 B 1/3 C 1/2 D 3/5 Ddp dn C 4.21 San pham triing hgp ciia buta-1,3-dien vdi CH2=CH-CN cd ten ggi thdng thudng: A Cao su B Cao su buna C Cao su buna - N D Cao su buna - S Ddp dn C 4.22 Giai trimg hgp polime -f CH2-CH(CH3)-CH(C6H5)-CH2 •% ta se dugc monome nao sau day ? A 2-metyl-3-phenylbut-2-en B 2-metyl-3-phenylbutan C Propilen va stiren D Isopren va toluen Ddp dn C 4.23 Dung poli(vinylaxetat) cd the lam dugc vat lieu nao sau day? A Chdt deo B Polime C To D Cao su Ddp dn A 4.24 Nhan xet ve tinh chat vat li chung cua polime nao dudi day khong diing ? A Hau bet la nhirng chat ran, khdng bay hoi B Hau het polime deu ddng thdi cd tinh deo, tinh dan hdi va cd the keo sgi dai, ben C Da sd ndng chay d mdt khoang nhiet rdng, hoac khdng ndng chay ma bi phan buy dun ndng D Da sd khdng tan cac dung mdi thdng thudng, mdt sd tan dung mdi thich hgp tao dung dich nhdt Ddp dn B 245 4.25 Hai chat nao dudi day tham gia phan iing triing ngung vdi tao to nilon- 6.6 A Axit adipic va etylen glicol B Axit picric va hexametylendiamin C Axit adipic va hexametylendiamin D Axit glutamic va hexaetylendiamin Ddp dn C 4.26 Polime nao sau day cd ten ggi "to nilon" hay "olon" dugc diing det may quan ao am? A Poli(metyl metacrylat) B Poliacrilonitrin C Poli(vinyl clorua) D Poli(phenol-fomandebit) Ddp dn B 4.27 Poli (vinyl axetat) la polime dugc dieu che tir san pham trung hgp monome nao sau day: A CH2=CH-C00CH3 B CH2=CH-C00H C CH2=CH-C00C2H5 D CH2=CH-OCOCH3 Ddp dn D 4.28 Trong sd cac polime tdng hgp sau day: nhua PVC (1), caosu isopren (2), nhua bakelit (3), thuy tinh hiiu co (4), to nilon-6,6 (5) Cac polime la san pham triing ngung gdm: A (l)va(5) B ( l ) v a ( ) C (3) va (4) D (3) va (5) Ddp dn D 4.29 De giat ao bang len ldng ciru can dung loai xa phdng cd tinh chat nao sau day?' A Xa phdng cd tinh bazo B Xa phdng cd tinh axit C Xa phdng trung tinh D Loai nao ciing dugc Ddp dn C 4.30 Khi dun ndng, cac phan tir alanin (axit a-aminopropionic) cd thi tao san pham nao sau day: 246 A t HN-CH2-CO % B tHN-CH(NH2)C0 tn C -\ HN-CH(CH3)-C0 tn Ddp dn C D t H N - C H ( C 0 H ) - C H tn MUC LUC LOI NOI DAU O N T A P D A U NAM Chu'O'ng ESTE - LIPIT 36 Bai ESTE 36 Bai LIPIT 46 Bai KHAI NIEM V& XA PHONG VA C H A T TAY R\JA T O N G HOP 56 Bai LUYEN TAP: ESTE VA C H A T BEO 63 Chipcng CACBOHIDRAT Bai GLUCOZO 73 , Bai SACCAROZO, TINH BQT VA XENLULOZO Bai LUYEN TAP: CAU TAO VA TJNH C H A T CUA CACBOHIDRAT 73 92 108 Bai THUC H A N H ; O I ^ U Che, TINH C H A T HOA HOC CUA ESTE VA CACBOHIDRAT Chu-cngS AMIN, AMINO AXIT VA PROTEIN: 120 128 Bai AMIN 128 Bai 10 AMINO AXIT 142 Bai 11 PEPTIT VA PROTEIN 152 Bai 12 LUYEN TAP: CAU TAO VA TINH C H A T CUA AMIN, AMINO AXIT VA PROTEIN Chu-cng POLIME VA VAT LIEU POLIME 165 175 Bai 13 DAI CUONG v e POLIME 175 Bai 14 VAT LIEU POLIME 188 Bai 15 LUYEN TAP: POLIME VA VAT LIEU POLIME 202 Bai 16 THUC H A N H : M Q T SO T I N H CHAT C O A PROTEIN vA VAT LIEU POLIME 210 ON TAP HOC Ki I 218 247 Thiet ke bai giang HOAHpC12-TAPMpT TS CAO CU G I A C (Chu bien) NHA XUXT BAN HA NOI Chiu trdch nhiem xudt bdn: NGUYfiN K H A C O A N H Bien tap: PHAM QUOC TUAN Vebia: NGUYfiN TUAN Trinh bdy: THAI SON - SON LAM Sua bdn in: PHAM QUOC TUAN In 2000 cuon, kho' 17 x 24 cm, tai Cdng ty TNHH in Ha Anh Giay phep xuat ban so: 217 - 2008/CXB/100 p TK - 05/HN In xong va nop luu chieu nam 2008 Sach lien ket v6i Cong ty CO phan In va Phat hanh sach Viet Nam ^ • INPHAVI Phat hanh tai Cong ty co phan In va Phat hanh sach Viet NaniJuft k#BGHaahocl2Tl Dia chi : 78 - Dong Cac - Dong Da - Ha Noi DT : 104) 5.115921 - Fax : (04) 5.115921 '"^T; ll|i!ii illlll Illlll iill ' 02 iSIIIIII II III Jl5:584 3.000 D Gid: 33.000d ; [...]... alanin, phenylalanin H2N-CH2-COOH CH3-CH-COOH C6HS-CH2-CH-COOH NH NH2 H2N-CH2-CO-NH-CH-CO-NH-CH-COOH CH3 CH2-CeHs Gly-Ala-Phe CH3-CH-CO-NH-CH2-CO-NH-CH-COOH CH2-C6HS NH2 Ala-Gly-Phe CH3-CH-CO-NH-CH-CO-NH-CH2-COOH NH2 CH2-C6HS Ala-Phe -Gly 161 H2N-CH2-CO-NH-CH-CO-NH-CH-COOH CH2-CeHs Gly-Phe -Ala CH3 H2N-CH-CO-NH-CH2-CO-NH-CH-COOH CH2-C6H5 Phe-Gly-Ala CH3 H2N-CH-CO-NH-CH-CO-NH-CH2-COOH CH2-C6H5 4 Phe -Ala... thi la: tao phu hgp la A 1 B 2 C 3 CH3-OCO-CH2-CH2-CH-COO-C2HS D 4 NH2 (1) C2H5OCO-CH2-CH2-CH-COOCH3 (2) NH2 ' HS2: Cho 0,01 mol amino axit A tac dung vira du vdi 100 ml dung dich HCl 0,2M Cd can dung dich sau phan ling dugc 2, 18 gam mudi Khdi lugng mol cua A la A 109 gam B 21 8 gam C 147 gam D 145gam Chgn dap an B HS2 nhan xet: 0,0Imol amino axit tac dung vira dii 0, 02 mol HCl tao ra 0,01 mol mudi... thirc C4H9N A 3 B .2 C 1 D.4 2 So amin tham cd cdng thiic phan tir la Dap an C C7H9N la A 2 B.4 C.5 D 7 3 Sap xep cac amin sau theo tinh baza Dap an B tang dan p-CH3CeH4NH2 (1), p-N02CeH4NH2 - (2) , 139 Hogt dpng cua GV C6H5NH2 (3), n-CeH,3NH2 (4) A.(l), (2) ,(3),(4) B. (2) ,(3),(l),(4) C(4), (2) ,(3),(l) D. (2) ,(4),(3),(l) 4 D I trung hda 25 gam dung dich ciia mdt amin don chiic X ndng do 12, 4%) cdn diing 100ml... f~^ J J i'~\T T H2N-CH2COOH + C2H5OH < S •* NH2CH:COOC2H5 + H2O GV nhan xet va bd sung: HS lang nghe va g' oai Thuc ra este dugc hinh thanh dudi dang mudi Cl^H3^CH2C00C2Hs Mudn thu dugc este thi: C1"NH3^CH2C00C2H5 + NaOHvCradc, -> NH2CH2COOC2H5+NaCl + H2O GV bd sung: HS viet phuang trinh hda hgc - Ngoai ra amino axit cdn cd the tac CH3CHCOOH + HONO -^ dung vdi HNO2 thi amino axit dugc NH2 chuyen thanh... b) 2CH3 - CH - NH2 + H2SO4 -)• |CH3 /^ - CH - - - NH3^ SO4 COOH cl.OOH HCl bao h6a c)CH3-CH-COOH + CH30H "^'°^°"°^ CH3-CH-COOCH3 + H2O NH2 ^ 5 NH2 Viet cac phuang trinh hda hgc cua phan iing triing ngung nH2N - [CH2]e - COOH 6 '^"^"^""g > [ HN^CH2)6-CO ]„ + ft-H20 MA = 44,5 .2 = 89 (g/mol) Phuong trinh hda hgc A + O2 ^ CO2 + H2O + N2 8.9 g 13 ,2 g " ^ ^ = - ^ = 3,6(g) 6,3 g 11 ,2 lit (dktc) m H = ^ =... NH2-CH2-COOH axit a-aminoaxetic CH3-CH-COOH NH2 axit a - aminopropionic NH2(CH2)5-COOH axit e-aminocaproic HCOO-CH2-CH2-CH-COOH NH2 axit a-aminoglutamic 145 Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cda HS Hoft dpng 3 II CAU T^O PHAN TU' VA TINH CHAT HOA HQC LCAUTAOPHANTIT GV: Viet cdng thiirc cau tag cua HS thao luan va nhan xet NH2-CH2-COOH len bang yeu cduHS NH2-CH2-COOH nhan xet dac diem cau tao - Cd 1 nhdm NH2... ^ = l,4(g) mo = 8,9 - (3,6 + 0,7+1,4) = 3 ,2( g) Cdng thiic phan tir cua A la CxHyOzNt (x, y, z, t e N) x:y:z:t = M : M : M : l d = o,3:0,7:0 ,2: 0,I = 3:7 :2: l 12 1 16 14 -^ Cdng thuc dan gian: C3H7O2N Cdng thii'c phan tir: (C3H702N)n M(c\,H,o,N)„ = 89 (g/mol) ^ n = 1 Vay cdng thiic phan tir la C3H7O2N Cdng thirc cau tao: O H2N - CH2 - C - O - CH3 (A) H2N - CH2 - COOH (B) 151 Bai 11 PEPTIT VA PROTEIN A... cau 2 HS len bang trinh bay 1 52 Hogt dpng cua HS Hogt dpng cda GV cac HS khac chudn bi dl nhan xet va bd sung HSl len bang trinh bay: HSl: Cho so dd: C5H704NNa2 cd mach C khdng phan nhanh, nhdm -NH2 tai vi tri a Vay cdng CsH704NNa2 + CH4O + C2H6O thirc cau tao la Biet C5H704NNa2 cd mach cacbon NaOCO-CH2-CH2-CH-COONa khdng phan nhanh, cd -NH2 tai NH2 C" thi C8H1SO4N cd sd cdng thiic cau C8H,504N + 2NaOH-^... C 2 Chgn dap an D 3 Ggi cdng thiic cua a-aminoaxit X la CxHyOzNt (x, y, z, t e N) %mo = 100% - (%)mc + %mH + %mN>= 35,96%) 40,45 7,86 15,73 35,96 = 3:7:1 :2 X:y:z:t = 16 12 1 14 150 -> Cdng thiic don gian: C3H7NO2 Cdng thiic phan tir: C3H7NO2 Cdng thirc cdu tao H 2 N - C H - C O O H alanin CH3 4 Viet phuang trinh hda hgc a) CH3 - CH - COOH + NaOH -> CH3 - CH - COONa + H 2O NH2 NH2 b) 2CH3 - CH - NH2... thuy phan cac peptit sau: NH2-CH-CO-NH-CH-COOH + H2O NH2-CH-CO-NH-CH-COOH R' R^ 11 I7 H^ hoac OH" R' R^ NH2-CH-C0-NH-CH-C0NH-CHn R' R^ R^ NH2-CH-COOH + NH2-CH-COOH R' R^ LCOOFI 155 Hogt dpng cda HS Hogt dpng cda GV NH2-CH-CO-NH-CH-CONH-CH R- R^ R^ l-COOH + + 2H2O H* hoac OH" GV bd sung: NH2CHCOOH + NH2CHCOOH - Ngoai ra peptit cdn bi thuy phan khi cd enzim xuc tac R' R^ + NH2CHCOOH - Khi thiiy phan peptit ... CH3NH2, (CH3)2NH, CH2=CH-NH2 A CH2=CH-NH2, CH3NH2, NH3, (CH3)2NH 136 Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng ciia HS B NH3, CH3NH2, CH2=CH-NH2, (CH3)2NH C CH2=CH-NH2, NH3, CH3NH2, (CH3)2NH D (CH3)2NH, CH3NH2,... thirc cau tao thu ggn ciia X la A C2H3(NH2)(COOCH2- CH3 )2 B C3Hs(NH2)(COOCH2- CH2- CH3 )2 C C3H5(NH2)(COOH)(COOCH2- CH2- CH3) D C3HsNH2(COOH)COOCH(CH3 )2 Ddp dn C 1 72 3.7 Dl chiing minh amino axit... HO-C6H4-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH HO-C6H4-CH2-CH(NH3CI)-COOH vdi cac hda chat sau: a) HCl b) NaOH c) Nude brom d) CH3OH/HCI (hoi bao hda) b) HO-C6H4-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH+2Br2 -^ HO-C6H2Br2-CH2-CH(TsH2)-COOH + 2HBr