Thiết kế bài giảng hóa học 12 (tập 1) phần 1

CAO CM GIAC (Chii bi^n) Thiet ke bdi giang H6A HOC 12 TAP M O T N H A X U A T B A N H A N0I TS CAO CU" GlAC (Chu bi^n) - ThS H THANH THUY THI£T K£ BAI GIANG HOAHOC > ^ T^PM^ NHA XUAT BAN HA NOI J-cfi noi dau Di hd trg cho viec dgy - hoc mon Hod hoc 12 theo chuang trinh sdch gido khoa (SGK) mai dp dung tic ndm hoc 2008 - 2009, chung tdi biin sogn cuon Thiit ki bdi gidng Hod hgc 12 tap 1, Sdch giai thieu cdch thiet ki bdi gidng theo tinh thdn ddi mai phucmg phdp dgy hoc nhdm phdt huy tinh tich cue nhdn thuc ciia hoc sinh (HS) Ve ngi dung: Sdch bdm sdt ngi dung SGK Hod hoc 12 theo chuang trinh chudn cua Bo Gido due vd Ddo tgo ban hdnh O mdi tiit dgy diu chi ro muc tieu ve kien thicc, ki ndng, thdi do, cdc cdng viec cdn chudn bi cita gido viin (GV) vd hoc sinh (HS), cdc phuang tiin trg gidng cdn thiit nhdm dam bdo chdt lugng timg bdi, tiing tiet lin lap Ngodi sdch cdn ma rgng, bo sung thim mot sd ngi dung liin quan den bdi gidng bdng nhieu hogt do/ig nhdm cung cdp them tu lieu de cdc thdy, co gido tham khdo, van dung theo doi tugng vd muc dich dgy hoc Ve phucmg phdp dgy - hoc: Sdch duac trien khai theo huang tich cue hod hogt dong cua HS, lay ca sd cua mdi hogt dong Id nhicng viec lam cua HS dual su huang ddn, ggi ma cua thdy, cd gido Sdch ciing dua nhieu hlnh thicc hogt dong hdp ddn, phii hgp vai dgc trung mdn hoc nhu: thi nghiem, quan sdt vdt that hay md hlnh, thdo ludn, thuc hdnh, nhdm phdt huy tinh dgc lap, tu gidc ciia HS Ddc biit sdch rdt chii tai khdu thuc hdnh bdi hoc, dong tthai ciing chi ro tieng hogt dgng cu the ciia GV vd HS mot tien trinlh DAY -HOC, coi day Id.hai hogt dgng ciing cd HS vd GV deu Id chu the Chung toi hi vong cuon sdch ndy se Id tdi lieu tham khdo hiru ich, gdp phdn ho trg cdc thdy, co gido dang tr.uc tiep gidng dgy mon Hod hoc 12 trdng viec ndng cao chdt lugng bdi gicing ciia minh Rdt mong nhgn dugc y kien ddng gdp ciia cdc thdy, co gid'O vd bgn dgc gdn xa de cuon sdch dugc hodn thien hem CAC TAC GlA ON TAP D A U NAM A MUG TIEU BAI HOC Ki§n thu'c On tap he thong hoa kien thuc ve: • Sir dien li, khai niem axit-baza, pH cua dung dich va phan ung trao d6i ion dung dich dien H, nhom nita-photpho, nhom cacbon-silic • Cac khai niem: Chat huu ca, cong thiic va cku tnic phan tii, danh phap cac hop chat hOxi ca, cac loai phan ling huu ca ca ban (phan ung thS, phan ling cong, phan ung tach ), dong dang, dong phan c4u tao va d6ng phan lap thg • Hieu dugc moi quan he giiia cau tao ciia hgp ch4t hiru ca vai nhiing tinh chat vat li, tinh chat hoa hpc • Khac sau dugc nhiing tinh chat vat li, tinh chSt hoa hoc, bilt nhung ling dung va phuang phap dieu che cac loai hgp chat hiru ca chuang trinh hoa hgc lap 11 • Khac sau nhung quy tac, quy luat hoa huu ca nhu: Quy tac Mac-copnhi-cop, quy tac the vao nhan tham, quy tac tach Zai-xep de chuan bj kien thiic nghien ciiu cac hgp chat hiiu ca phiic tap han (hoa hgc 12) KT nang • Ren luyen kT nang dua vao cau tao cua chat de suy tinh chat va ling dung cua chat va ngugc lai tu tinh chat cua chat de du doan cau tao cua cac chat • Bilt van dung li thuyet hoa hgc de giai quyet mgt so van de dan gian dai song, san xuat • Phat trien kT nang tu hgc, biet lap bang tong ket kien thiic, biet each tom tat cac ngi dung chinh bai, timg chuang • Ren luyen kT nang giai bai tap xac dinh cong thiic phan tir cua hgp chat Tinh cam, thai • Thong qua viec ren luyen tu bien chiing viec xet moi quan he nhan qua giira cdu tao va tinh chat cua chat, lam cho HS thu hgc tap va yeu thich mon hoa hgc han • Ren thai lam viec khoa hgc, nghiem tiic B C H U A N • • B! Q U A GVVA HS GV: May tinh, may chieu, he thong bai tap va cac cau hoi ggi y HS: On tap cac kien thiic thong qua boat dgng giai bai t ^ C TI^N TRJNH DAY - HOC GV t6 chiic cac nhom HS thao luan cac ngi dung cin on tap a lop U duoi dang cac bai tap trac nghiem khach quan Hogt dgng SUDlfiN LI Cho dung dich HCl va CH3COOH co ciing n6ng CM SO sanh pH cua dung dich nhan thay: A HCl < CH3COOH B HCl > CH3COOH C bang D khong so sanh dugc Ddp dn A Cho 9,6 gam Cu va 100ml dung dich hon hgp HNO3 1,5M va HCl 2M thi sinh V lit NO (dktc) Gia tri cua V la B 2,24 lit C 2,68 lit D 4,48 lit A 1,97 lit Ddp dn B Khang dinh nao sau day la diing? A Chat dien ly la chat tan dugc nuac B Do dien li a cang lan thi hang so can bang K cang tang va chat dien li cang manh C Do dien li a cang lan dung dich chat dien li cang loang D Trong dung dich chat dien li chi ton tai cac ion Ddp dn C Chat phai them vao dung dich nuac de lam pH thay doi tir 12 xuong 101a A Nuac cat B Natri hidroxit C Hidro clorua D Natri axetat Ddp dn C Khi CO can hoac pha loang dung dich: A Nong mol cac chat ti le thuan vai the tich B Nong mol cac chat ti le nghich vai the tich C Khoi lugng chat tan va khoi lugng dung dich khong thay d6i D Nong cac chat khong thay doi Ddp dn B Doi vai dung dich axit yeu HNO2 0,1M neu bo qua sir dien li cua nuac thi danh gia nao sau day la diing? A p H > l , B pH=l,0 C [H1 > [NO2-] Ddp dn A D [H"] < [NO2"] Do dien li a cua axit yeu tang theo pha loang dung dich Khi gia tri hang so phan li axit Ka thay d6i nhu thi nao? A Tang B Giam C Khong d6i D Khong xac dinh Ddp dn C Do dien li a cua CH3COOH se thay d6i nhu the nao nho vai gigt dung dich NaOH vao dung dich axit axetic? A Tang B Giam C Khong doi D Khong xac djnh Ddp dn A Trgn V, lit dung dich HCl (pH = 5) vai V2 lit dung dich NaOH (pH = 9) thu dugc dung djch co pH = Ti le ViA'2 la A 1/3 B 3/1 C 9/11 D 11/9 Ddp dn C 10 Xac dinh pH cua dung dich CH3COOH 0,01M? A pH = 2,0 B p H > , C pH < 2,0 D Khong xac dinh Ddp dn B 11 Co cac dung dich dien li manh cimg nong mol: NaHC03, NaOH, Na2C03, Ba(0H)2 Hay sap xep cac dung dich theo chieu pH cua dung dich tang dan? A NaHC03 < NaOH < Ba(0H)2 < Na2C03 B NaHCOs < Na2C03 < Ba(0H)2 < NaOH C NaHC03 < Na2C03 < NaOH = Ba(0H)2 D NaHC03 < Na2C03 < NaOH < Ba(0H)2 Ddp dn D 12 Co bao nhieu gam KCIO3 tach khoi dung dich lam lanh 350 gam dung dich KCIO3 bao hoa a 80"C xu6ng 20°C? Bilt tan cua KCIO3 a 80°C va 20°C lan lugt la 40g/100g nuac va 8g/100g nuac A 95 gam Ddp dn B B 80 gam C 60 gam D 115 gam 13 Muoi nao sau day bi thiiy phan? A.NH4CI Ddp dn A B Ba(N03)2 C.CaCl2 D MgS04 14 Chat nao sau day la luang tinh? A NaHS04, Na2C03, CHjCOONa B NaHS04, NaHC03,NaHS C NaHC03, (NH4)2C03, CH3COONH4 D Zn(0H)2, AI2O3, Al Ddp dn C 15 Mgt dung dich co chira cac ion: Na"^: 0,1 mol; K"": 0,05 mol; Ba^"": 0,05 mol; Cl": 0,1 mol; N03~: x mol Khoi lugng mu6i c6 dung dich X la: A 23,95 gam B 18,25 gam C 42,00 gam D 36,25 gam Ddp dn A 16 De bao quan dung dich muoi Fe2(S04)3 tranh bi thuy phan, nguoi ta thuang them vao vai gigt: A Dung dich NaOH B Dung dich BaCh C Dung djch NH3 D Dung dich H2SO4 Ddp dn D 17 Dung dich dien li dan dugc dien la do: A Su chuyen dich cua cac electron B Su chuyen dich cua cac cation C Sir chuyen dich cua cac phan tir hoa tan D Su chuyen djch cua cac ion Ddp dn D 18 Phan img nao sau day tao dugc ket tua? A FeS04 + KMn04 + H2SO4 -^ B Fe2(S04)3 + KI ^ C Fe(N03)3 + Fe ^ D Fe(N03)3 + KOH -^ Ddp dn D 19 Trgn 100 ml dung dich co pH = g6m HCl va HNO3 vai 100 ml dung dich NaOH nong a (mol/1) thu dugc 200 ml dung dich co pH = 12 Gia tri cua a la A 0,15 Ddp dn D B 0,30 C 0,03 D 0,12 20 Nhung chat nao sau day co thi t6n tai ddng thai mgt dung dich A A\^\ Na^ K^ c r C03^' C Na^ c r , H\ NO3", C03^" B Ba^^ CP K^ NO3", S04^" D Na^ NH4'' Ca^^ NO3" Cl" Ddp dn D Hogt dgng NITO - PHOTPHO Cau hinh electron lop ngoai ciing cua cac nguyen to nhom VA dugc bieu dien tong quat la A ns^np'* B ns^np^ C ( n - l ) d " ' n s V Ddp dn B D ( n - l ) d ' " n p ' Trong nhom Nita (VA), di tir nito den bitmut, phat bieu nao sau day diing? A Do am dien cua cac nguyen to tang dan B Ban kinh nguyen tir cua cac nguyen to giam dan C Bitmut the hien tinh kim loai trgi han tinh phi kim D Asen the hien tinh kim loai trgi han tinh phi kim Ddp dn C Trong cong nghiep nita dugc san xuat theo phuang phap nao sau day? A Chung cat phan doan khong long B Nhiet phan dung dich NH4NO2 bao hoa C Diing photpho de dot chay oxi khong D Cho khong di qua bgt dong nung nong Ddp dn A nhiet cao (1000°C), N2 tac dung vai Al (dang bgt) tao hgp chat X Cong thiic diing cua X la: A.AI2N3 B.AI3N2 CAIN D.AI5N3 Ddp dn C Thanh phan chinh co chiia P cua quang Apatit la A Ca3(P04)2 Ddp dn A B.NH4H2PO4 C Ca(H2P04)2 D CaHP04 Cho phuang trinh hoa hgc ciia phan ung tong hgp amoniac N2 (k) + 3H2 (k) < '"'" > 2NH3 (k) Khi tang nong ciia hidro len lan, toe phan ling thuan A tang len lan B tang len lan C tang len lan D giam di Idn Ddp dn A Hap thu X mol NO2 vao dung dich chiia x mol NaOH thi dung dich thu dugc CO A pH = 7" B p H > C p H < D pH = Ddp dn B Khi thuc hien phan ling dot chay NH3 O2 co mat xac tac Pt a 850 - 900°C, phan irng nao sau day xay ra? A 4NH3 + 3O2 -> 2N2 + 6H2O B 4NH3 + 4O2 -^ 2N0 + N2 + 6H2O C 4NH3 + 5O2 ^ 4N0 + 6H2O D 2NH3 + 2O2 -> N2O + 3H2O Ddp dn C Tong he so (cac so nguyen, toi gian) ciia tat ca cac chat phuang trinh phan ling giOa Cu vai dung dich PINO3 dac, nong la A 10 B C D 11 Ddp dn A 10 Kim loai Cu tan dugc dung dich nao sau day? A dung dich NH3 B dung dich KNO3 C dung dich KNO3 + NH3 D dung dich KNO3 + HCl Ddp dn D 11 Khi nho tir tir dung dich NH3 den du vao dung dich CUSO4 thi san phdm co mau xanh tham cua: A Cu(0H)2 B [Cu(NH3)4]S04 C [Cu(NH3)4](0H)2 D [Cu(NH3)4]^^ Ddp dn D 10 12 Cho NH3 vao nuac dung dich thu dugc la: A NH4OH B NH4^NH3, OH" C NH4OH, NH3 D NH4\NH40H, OH" Ddp dn B 13 De dieu che HNO3 phong thi nghiem, cac hoa chat can sir dung la: A Dung dich NaNOs va dung dich H2SO4 dac B Tinh thi NaNOs va dung dich H2SO4 dac C Dung dich NaN03 va dung dich HCl dac D Tinh the NaNOs va dung dich HCl dac Ddp dn B 14 De nhan biet ion P04^" dung dich muoi, nguai ta thuang dimg thuoc thii AgN03 bai vi: A Phan iing tao mau nau B Phan img tao dung dich c6 mau vang C Phan ung tao ket tua co mau vang D Phan iing tao khong mau hoa nau khong Ddp dn C 15 Co dung dich rieng biet AICI3, ZnCb, FeCh, CuCb N I U them dung dich KOH du roi them tilp dung dich NH3 du vao dung dich tren thi so chat ket tua thu dugc la A B C D Ddp dn D 16 Nung mgt kh6i lugng Cu(N03)2 say mgt thai gian dimg lai, lam ngugi, roi can thdy khoi lugng giam 0,54 gam Vay khIi lugng Cu(N03)2 da bi nhiet phan la A n.^4aam B 0,74 gam C 0,94 gam D 0,47 gam Ddp dn C 17 Khi 1amlf>i nghiem vai photpho trang can chu y nao sau day A Cam P trang bang tay co deo gang B Tranh cho P trang tiep xiic vai nuac C Co the de P tiing ngoai khong 11 - Phuang trinh hda hgc Glucoza, fuctoza, saccaroza cd phan iing vdi Cu(0H)2 cho hgp chat tan cd mau xanh lam 2C6H,206 + C u ( H ) ^ (C6H,,06)2Cu + 2H2O 2C12H22O11 + C u ( H ) ^ (C,2H2iOii)2Cu +2H2O Xenlulozo tac dung vdi HNO3 dac cd H2SO4 dac xiic tac [CeH702(OH)3]n + 3nHN03 ^ [C6H702(ON02)3]n + 3nH20 b) Saccaroza, tinh bdt, xenluloza cd phan img thuy phan nhd xiic tac ciia axit hay cua men Phuong trinh hda hgc: CeHi,05-0-CeHii05 + H2O ^ CeHizOe + CeH^Oe Saccaroza glucoza (CeHi20e)n + nH20 ^ tinh bdt hay xenluloza c) fructoza n CeH,20e glucoza Glucoza cd phan img cua chiic andehit Phuong trinh hda hgc CH20H[CHOH]4CHO + 2AgN03 + 3NH3 + H2O -^ CH20H[CHOH]4COONH4 + NH4NO3 + 2Ag d) Glucoza cd phan ling len men C6H,206 '"'"" ) 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 C6Hi20e "''"'''"' ) 2CH3CH(OH)COOH Hogt dpng cda HS Hogt dpng cua GV Hogt dpng II BAI TAP GV chilu bai tap SGK len HS thao luan: man hinh cho HS thao luan De phan biet cac dung dich Chgn dap an A glucoza, saccaroza va andehit axetic Vi cho Cu(0H)2 vao d nhiet thudng thi cd thi dimg day chat nao sau day lam glucoza, saccaroza chuyen phiic cd thudc thir? mau xanh lam, nhan andehit axetic Sau 113 Hogt dpng cua GV A Cu(0H)2 va AgN03/NH3 B Nude brom va NaOH Hogt dpng cda HS dd cho AgN03/NH3 dun ndng thi glucoza cho phan iing trang bac nhan glucoza C HNO3 va AgN03/NH3 D AgN03/NH3 va NaOH GV chieu bai tap SGK len man hinh cho HS thao luan Khi ddt chay hoan toan mdt hgp chat hiiu ca thu dugc hdn hgp CO2 va hai nude cd ti le mol 1:1 Chat cd the len men rugu Chat dd la chat nao cac chat sau? A Axit axetic Chgn dap an B Chi cd Axit axetic, glucoza, fructoza dot cho CO2 va hai nude cd ti le mol 1:1 ma glucoza len men rugu nen chgn B Phuong trinh hda hgc Cf,Wy,0(,+60i ^6C07+6H70 CD B Glucoza C Saccaroza D Fructoza GV chieu bai tap SGK len C6Hi206^^H^2C2H50H+2C02t (2) HS thao luan cho ket qua •man hinh cho HS thao luan , Tir tan bdt san chira 20% tap m,jnh bot = 1000.80 = ^^^,, 800 (kg) chat tra cd the san xuat dugc bao nhieu kg glucoza, neu hieu suat ciia Phuang trinh hda hgc qua trinh san xuat la 75% c r HI O-^l +nl-fiO l'-6rii0'->'5;n^nn2^ *"' •' •> n P H, ' n^^er'i2"-'6 162nkg 180nkg 800 kg 888,89 kg GV chieu bai tap SGK len man hinh cho HS thao luan Tinh khdi lugng glucoza tao thiiy phan: a) kg bdt gao cd 80% tinh bdt cdn lai la tap chat tra 114 a) m,inh hot cd 1kg gao = Hogt dpng cda HS Hogt dpng cda GV b) kg miin cua cd 50%) xenluloza Phuang trinh hda hgc: cdn lai la tap chdt tra CrrHinO.;'! +nH-,n " •' V^6^^IO*-^5/n ' 11^2'-' c) kg saccaroza 162nkg-^ -> nP T-InO ' n^6ni2' '6 ISOnkg Gia thiet rang cac phan iing xay 0,80 kg ^ X hoan toan x = ° ' f ^ ' ^ » " = 0,8889 (kg) 162n b ) mxenluloza ~ = , (kg) Phuang trinh hda hgc cr H, LO-I+nH^n ^ * - n i o ^ / n ' nf^2'-' - 162nkg -> ^ •' ->nrH.^n ' i i ' ^ e n 12^.^6 180nkg 0,50 kg ^ y y- 0,5.180n ^ ^ ^ ^ , , , ,,^ =0,556 (kg) 162n c) Phuong trinh hda hgc C12H22O11+H2O ^ C - > CeHi206+CeHi206 Glucoza GV chieu bai tap SGK len man hinh cho HS thao luan Ddt chay hoan toan 16,2 gam mdt cacbohidrat X thu dugc 13,44 lit CO2 (dktc) va 9,0 gam nude a) Tim cdng thirc dan gian nhat cua X X thudc loai cacbohidrat nao da hgc? b) Dun 16.2 gam X dung dich axit thu dugc dung dich Y Cho Y tac dung vdi lugng du dung dich fructoza 342 kg ^ 1kg ^ 180 kg 80 z=0,5263 (kg) 342 HS thao luan a) Phuong trinh hda hgc X + O2 ^ CO2 + mH20 13,44.12 ^ ^ , , mc = = 7,2 (g) 22,4 9.2 mii= -7r- = Ug) mo= , - , - = (g) X:CxHyOz(x,y,zeN) 115 Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cua HS AgN03/NH3 thu dugc bao nhieu gam ' ,2 \ y- n c Ag Gia sir hieu suat ciia qua trinh x : y : z = - ^ : - : — = 6:10:5 12 16 bdng 80% Cdng thiic don gian nhat la CeHioOs -> cdng thiic phan tir (CeHioOs)!! —> X la polisaccarit b) Phuang trinh hda hgc CP W, "> + nR-,0 l^v^6^10"^5jn ' I i n W mol ^*'' •> n P H, n > rn^efll2v-'6 n mol —'— jnol 0,1 mol 162n C5Hii05CH=0 + 2AgN03 + 3NH3 + H2O ->C5Hii05COONH4 + 2Ag^ + 2NH4NO3 Theo phuang trinh ta cd: UAg = 0,2 mol va hieu sudt la 80% ,^^^,, 0,2.108.80 ->mAgj^^ = 17,28 (g) GV chieu them cac bai tap sau cho HS thao luan HS thao luan Xenluloza diaxetat (X) dugc diing Cdng thiic ciia xenluloza diaxetat de san xuat phim anh hoac ta axetat [CeH7020H(OCOCH3)2]n hay Cdng thirc don gian nhat (cdng thiic (CioHi 407)0 vay cdng thiic thuc nghiem la thuc nghiem) cua X la C10H14O7 A C3H4O2 Chgn dap an B B C10H14O7 C C12H14O7 D C S H M O S Chat nao sau day khong the dieu che true tiep tir glucoza? Chgn dap an D A Ancol etylic B Sobitol C Axit lactic D Axit axetic Cho m gam hdn hgp glucoza 116 Hogt dpng cua GV mantoza tac dung hoan toan vdi dung dich AgN03/NH3 thu dugc 32,4 gam Ag Cho m gam hdn hgp Glucoza, mantoza vao dung dich H2SO4 loang den thuy phan hoan toan Trung hoa hit axit sau dd cho san pham tac dung hoan toan vdi dung dich AgN03/NH3 thu dugc 45,36 gam Ag Khoi lugng Glucoza m gam hon hgp la A 10,8 gam B 14,58 gam C 16,2gam D 20,52gam Hogt dpng cua HS Phan tir glucoza hay mantoza deu cd phan ling vdi dung dich AgN03/ NH3 cho phan tii Ag Mantoza thuy phan cho glucoza Ggi X, y la sd mol ciia glucoza va fx = 0,09 fx + y = 0,15 :=> { mantoza { [y = 0,06 [x + 2y = 0,21 mgiucoza = 0,09.180 = 16,2 g ^ Chgn dap an C Phan iing tdng hgp glucoza cay xanh can dugc cung cap nang lugng: Nang lugng dugc dimg de tdng hgp glucoza ciia 100 la xanh la 6CO2 + 6H2O + 673kcal -> C6Hi20e + 6O2 Khdi lugng Glucoza san sinh dugc cua 100 la xanh thdi gian gid la (biet thdi gian ay 100 la hap thu mgt nang lugng la 84,125 kcal nhung chi cd 20%) nang luong dugc sir dung vao phan iing tdng hgp glucoza) A 22,5gam B 4,5 gam C 112,5 gam D 9,3 gam 20 Q = 84,125 = 16,825 kcal 100 Phan ling tdng hgp Glucoza cay xanh can dugc cung cap nang lugng: 6C02+6H20+673kcal -^ CeH^Oe + 6O2 ta cd 673kcal tdng hgp dugc mol glucoza vay 16,825 kcal tdng hgp dugc 0,025 mol glucoza (4,5 gam) -^ Chgn dap anB Thi tich dung dich HNO3 63 % (D Phuang trinh hda hgc: = 1,52 g/ml) pan diing de tac dung [CeH702(OH)3]n + 3nHN03 -> vdi lugng du xenluloza tao 297 gam [CeH702(ON02)3]n + 3n H2O xenluloza trinitrat la The tich dung dich HNO3 la A 243,90 ml B 300,0 ml V = — — = 197,4 ml ^ 63 L52 ' C 189,0 ml D 197,4 ml Chgn dap an D 117 Hogt dpng cua GV Hogt dpng cda HS Giiia saccaroza va glucoza cd dac Chgn dap an D diem gi gidng nhau? A Deu dugc lay tir cu cai dudng B Deu cd biet dugc "huyet nggt" C DIU bi oxi hoa bdi [Ag(NH3)2]OH D Deu hoa tan dugc Cu(0H)2 d nhiet thudng GV yeu cau HS ve nha lam them cac bai tap sau: Cac tao thi nghiem phan img giira saccaroza vdi H2SO4 dam dac bao gdm: A CO2 va SO2 B CO2 va H2S C CO2 va SO3 D SO2 va H2S Ddp dn A Hgp chdt A la chdt bdt mau trdng khdng tan nude, truong len nude ndng tao hd San pham cudi cimg cua qua trinh thuy phan la chat B Dudi tac dung cua enzim cua vi khuan axit lactic, chat B tao nen chat C co hai loai nhdm chirc hoa hgc Chat C cd the dugc tao nen siia bi chua Xac dinh hgp chat A? A Saccaroza B Tinh bdt C Xenluloza D Mantoza Ddp dn B Chat nao sau day khong tham gia phan irng vdi dung dich NaHS03 bao hoa? A Andehit axetic B Dimetylxeton C Glucoza D Phenol Ddp dn D Trong dung dich nude glucoza tdn tai chu yeu d dang: A Mach vdng canh B Mach vdng canh C Mach vdng canh D Mach hd Ddp dn A 118 nhiet thudng, chdt nao sau day tdn tai d trang thai long? A Glucoza B Fructoza C Axit oleic D Tinh bdt Ddp dn C Khi CO2 chilm 0,03% thi tich khdng Thi tich khdng (dktc) dl cung cap CO2 cho phan img quang hgp tao 18g glucoza la A 4,032 lit B 134,4 lit C 4481it D 44800 lit Ddp dn D I Len men 100 gam glucoza vdi hieu suat 12% hdp thu toan bg CO2 vao dung dich Ca(0H)2 thu dugc 2m gam ket tiia Dun ndng nude lgc sau tach ket tiia thu dugc them m gam ket tiia Gia tri m la A 40 gam B 20 gam C 60 gam D 80 gam Ddp dn B" Nhan dinh nao sau day khong dung: A Nhai ky vai hat gao sdng cd vi nggt B Mieng cam chay vang d day ndi nggt han cam phia tren C Glucoza khdng cd tinh khir D lot lam xanh hd tinh bdt Ddp dn C Trong cac chat sau: glucoza, saccaroza, xenluloza, andehit axetic Chat nao cd ham lugng cacbon thap nhat? A Glucoza B Saccaroza C Xenluloza D Andehit axetic Ddp dn A 10 Khdi lugng glucoza diing de dieu che lit ancol etylic vdi hieu suat 80% (khdi lugng rieng ciia ancol etylic la 0,8 g/ml) la A 2,504kg B 3,130 kg C 2,003 kg D 3,507 kg Ddp dn B I I Tinh bdt va xenluloza khac d chd: A Dac trung cua phan iing thuy phan B Do tan nude C v l phan phan tir D Ve cau true mach phan tir Ddp dn D 119 12 Cap dung dich nao sau day cd kha nang hda tan dugc Cu(0H)2 ? A Glucoza va ancol etylic B Andehit axetic va glixerol C Axit axetic va saccaroza D Glixerol va propan-1,3-diol Ddp dn C "^ 13 Cd cac cap dung dich sau: (1) Glucoza va glixerol (2) Glucoza va andehit axetic (3) Saccaroza va mantoza (4) Mantoza va fructoza Chi dimg Cu(0H)2 cd tHi phan biet dugc tdi da bao nhieu cap chat tren ? A B.3 C.4 D.5 Ddp dn B Bai THlTC HANH: DIEU CHE, TINH CHAT HOA HOC CUA ESTE VA CACBOHIDRAT A MUC TIEU BAI HOC Kiln thii'c CUng cd: Bilt dugc muc dich, each tiln hanh, quan sat va giai thich mdt sd thi nghiem cu the • Dieu che etyl axetat • Phan img xa phdng hda • Phan img cua glucoza vdi dung dich Cu(0H)2 KT nang « Sir dung dung cu, boa chat de tien hanh an toan, cdng cac thi nghiem • Nhd gigt, lac, gan lgc, dun ndng • Quan sat, md ta hien tugng, giai thich va viet cac phuang trinh hoa hgc • Viet tudng trinh thi nghiem Tinh cam, thai • Bilt each dilu chi tir dd sir dung hgp li hoa chdt lugng nhd • Thdng qua boat ddng thi nghiem tao nen himg thii hgc bd mdn hoa hgc 120 B C H U A N B! CUA GV VA HS • GV: - May tinh, may chieu cac phieu hgc tap Hoa chat - Axit axetic - Ancol etylic - Dung dich CUSO4 - D u n g dich NaOH 10% - Cu khoai lang - Nude cat -I2 - Dung dich NaOH 40% - Dung dich NaCl - Ma - Dung dich glucoza Dung cu: - Ong nghiem, den cdn - Ong hilt nhd gigt - Niit cao su cd lap dng thuy tinh vudt nhgn - Bd gia thi nghiem • HS: - On tap tinh chat cua cac chat chuong este-lipit va cacbohidrat - Xem trudc bai thuc hanh C TI^N TRiNH DAY- HOC Hogt dpng cua GV Hogt, dpng cda HS Hogt dpng I NOI DUNG THI N '5HIEM VA CACH TIEN HANH THI NGHIEM 1: DIEU CHE ETYL AXETAT GV chia ldp hgc cac nhdm mdi nhdm din HS GV yeu cau HS neu cac phuang phap HS thao luan va nhan xet dieu che este, dac diem ciia phan img - Este dugc dieu che bang each dun ndng axit va ancol tuong iing cd mat H2SO4 dac Day la phan img thuan nghich xay khdng hoan toan, can dun ndng de phan ung xay nhanh ban - Cho axit hiru ca cdng hidrocacbon khdng no (can axit vd ca xuc tac) 121 Hogt dpng cua GV Hogt dpng cda HS - Cho ancol tac dung vdi anhidrit axit (axit da tach nude) phan irng xay co hieu sudt cao ban so vdi phan iing este giiia ancol va axit tuong iing GV hudng dan cac nhdm tien hanh thi HS nghien ciiu SGK nghiem nhu SGK trinh bay: Bu&c 1: GV yeu cau HS chuan bi cac HS chuan bi hoa chat gdm: hoa chat va dung cu can thiet - Ancol etanol khan - H2SO4 dac - Axit axetic nguyen chat - Dung dich NaCl bao hda Dung cu gom: dng nghiem, dng hiit nho gigt, den cdn, cap dng nghiem GV hudng ddn cac nhdm tien hanh thi HS nghien ciiu SGK nghiem nhu SGK trinh bay: Bu&c GV yeu cdu HS: - Tiln hanh thi nghiem nhu SGK HS tiln hanh thi nghiem: + Nhd vao dng nghiem gigt C2H5OH, gigt CH3COOH nguyen chdt va 1-2 giot - Neu hien tugng H2SO4 dac ndng dng nghiem tren - Giai thich - Vilt phuang trinh hoa hgc minh nggn lira den cdn khoang 5-6 phut + Lam lanh dng nghiem bdng each boa GV hudng ddn HS tien hanh thi nhung dng nghiem vao cdc nude lanh + Nhd them khoang - 10 gigt NaCl bao nghiem va giai thich hda - Hiin tugng: nhd NaCl bao hda vao thdy cd ldp este khdng mau cd mui thom ndi len tren hdn hgp phan iing - Gidi thich: cho ancol va axit axetic vdi H2SO4 dun ndng thi tao etyl axetat nhe ban nude, khdng tan NaCl bao 122 Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cua HS hda nen ndi len phia tren va cd mui tham dac trung - Phuang trinh hoa hgc CH3COOH + C2H5OH H;S04,t° ^ CH3COOC2H5+ H2O etylaxetat GV luu y cho HS: khdng nen cho qua nhieu H2SO4 dac vi dun ndng nd cd the oxi hda axit va ancol cac san pham khac Can ndng de phan ling xay nhanh hon vi phan img este xay rat cham, neu d nhiet thudng thi khoang 16 nam thi phan iing mdi dat tdi trang thai can bang va hieu suat ciia phan iing tren la khoang 66%) Hogt dpng THI NGHIEM 2: P H A N tfNG XA PHONG HOA GV yeu cau HS neu tinh chat hda hgc HS thao luan va nhan xet: ciia chat beo Chat beo la este nen cd phan iing: - Thuy phan mdi trudng axit (xay khdng hoan toan) - Thuy phan mdi trudng (phan ung xa phdng hda) phan iing xay hoan toan - Phan ling hidro hda chat beo khdng no GV hudng dan cac nhdm tien hanh thi HS nghien cim SGK nghiem nhu SGK trinh bay: Bu&c 1: GV yeu cau HS chuan bi cac HS chuan bi hoa chat gdm: hoa chdt va dung cu can thiet - gam chat beo - Dung dich NaOH 40%) 123 Hogt dpng cua GV Hogt dpng cua HS - Dung dich NaCl bao hda - Nude cdt Dung cu can gdm: bat sii, den con, gia chan, diia thiiy tinh, dng hiit nhd gigt Niro'c 2; GVyeu cdu HS: HS tiln hanh thi nghiem: Cho vao bat sii nhd khoang gam md va - Tien hanh thi nghiem nhu SGK 2-3 ml dung dich NaOH 40% Dun soi - Neu hien tugng nhe va diing diia thuy tinh khudy diu lien - Giai thich tuc, thinh thoang cho them it nude cdt dl - Viet phuang trinh hoa hgc minh the tich dung djch phan iing khdng doi hoa khoang 8-10 phixt Rdt them GV hudng dan HS tiln hanh thi 4-5ml NaCl bao hda ndng, khudy nhe va nghiem va giai thich de ngudi - Hiin tugng: cd ldp chdt rdn mau trdng nhe ndi len tren mat bat sir - Gidi thich: phan iing tao mudi natri ciia axit beo khdng tan dugc NaCl bao hda nen ndi len phia tren - Phuang trinh hda hgc: GV luu y HS: can phai dimg diia thiiy tinh khuay deu, va them nude thi phan (Ci7H35COO)3C3H5 + 3NaOH ^ % img mdi thuc hien dugc Ci7H35COONa + C3H5(OH)3 Hogt dpng THI NGHIEM 3: P H A N LTNG CUA GLUCOZO VOl Cu(0H)2 GV yeu cau HS neu cau tao va tinh HS thao luan va nhan xet chat hda hgc cua glucoza Glucoza cd cau tao mach hd: CH20H[CHOH]4CHO gdm cd nhdm CHO va nhdm OH kl Glucoza cd tinh chat ciia andehit va ciia poli ancol GV hudng dan cac nhdm tiln hanh thi nghiem nhu SGK trinh bay: HS nghien ciiu SGK 124 Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cua HS Bu&c 1: GV yeu cdu HS chudn bi cac HS chuan bi hoa chat.gdm: hoa chat va dung cu cdn thilt - Dung dich glucoza 1% - Dung dich NaOH 10%) - Dung djch CUSO4 5% Dung cu can gdm: dng nghiem, den cdn, dng hiit nhd gigt, cap dng nghiem 5M-[...]... Ddp dn B 16 Khi clo hoa hoan toan mgt ancol A thu dugc ddn xudt B chira clo Bilt MB MA = 2 01 A la ankan nao sau day? A.CH4 Ddp dn B B C2H6 C C3H8 D C4H10 17 Crackinh 560 lit C4H10 (dktc) xay ra cac phan img C4H,o^CH4+C3H6 (1) C4H,o^C2H6+C2H4 (2) C4H,o -^ H2 + C4H8 (3) Thu dugc 10 10 lit (dktc) hon hgp khi X The tich C4Hio(dktc) chua phan iing la A 11 0 lit B 55 lit C 16 5 lit D 80 lit Ddp dn A 18 Trong... hai muoi la A 0 ,10 mol B 0, 01 mol C 0,05 mol D 0,5 mol Ddp dn B 16 Hoa tan hoan toan 4 gam hon hgp MCO3 va RCO3 vao dung dich HCl thdy thoat ra V lit khi (dktc) Dung dich thu dugc dem co can thu dugc 5 ,1 gam muoi khan V co gia tri la A 1 ,12 lit Ddp dn B 14 B 2,24 lit C 3,36 lit D 4,48 lit 17 Tac nhan chu yeu gay mua axit la A SO2 va NO2 B CH4 va NH3 C CO va CH4 D CO va CO2 Ddp dn A 18 Phan irng nao... dugc 12 gam ket tiia Khi di ra khoi dung dich phan img vira dii vai 16 gam brom va con lai khi Z Dot chay hoan toan khi Z thu dugc 2,24 lit khi CO2 (a dktc) va 4,5 gam nuac Gia tri ciia V bang A 5,60 B 13 ,44 C 11 ,2 D 8,96 Ddp dn C 4 Hon hgp X co ti khoi so vai H2 la 21, 2 gom propan, propen va propin Khi dot chay hoan toan 0 ,1 mol X, tong khoi lugng cua CO2 va H2O thu dugc la A 20,40 gam B 18 ,96 gam C 16 ,80... but-l-en D xiclobutan, cis-but-2-en, but-l-en, but-l-in Ddp dn C 10 Dun hdn hgp gdm 0 ,1 mol C2H2 va 0 ,1 mol H2 vdi chat xiic tac thich hgp thu dugc hdn hgp X ddt hoan toan X thu dugc: A 0,2 mol CO2 va 0,2 mol H2O B 0 ,1 mol CO2 va 0 ,1 mol H20" C 0 ,15 mol CO2 va0 ,15 mol H2O D 0,2 mol CO2 va 0,3 mol H2O Ddp dn A 23 11 Mdt hdn hgp gdm C2H2 va H2 co V = 13 ,44 lit (dktc) Cho hon hgp di qua Ni nung nong, phan iing... tac dung vai CI2 (theo ti le so mol 1: 1) , so dan xuat monoclo toi da sinh ra la A 3 B.4 C.2 D.5 Ddp dn C Cong thiic dan gian nhat cua mgt hidrocacbon la CnH2n+2- Hidrocacbon do thuoc day dong dang cua A anken B ankin C ankadien D ankan Ddp dn D Dot chay hoan toan mgt hidrocacbon X thu dugc 0 ,11 mol CO2 va 0 ,13 2 mol H2O Khi X tac dung vai khi clo (theo ti le so mol 1 :1) thu dugc mgt san pham him ca duy... lit, V2=8,96 lit B Vi=l ,12 lit, V2 =12 , 32 lit C V,=2,24 lit, V2=l 1, 2 lit D V,=l 1, 2 lit, V2=2,24 lit Ddp dn C 12 Cho hdn hgp X gdm 0,02 mol C2H2 va 0,03mol H2 di qua bdt Ni, t" Ddn san pham tir tir qua dung dich brom du, co 0,02 mol hon hgp khi Z di ra khdi binh Ti khdi cua Z ddi vai hidro bang 4,5 Khdi lugng binh brom tang: A 0,4 gam B 0,58 gam C 0,62 gam D 0,76 gam Ddp dn A 13 Cho hon hgp propen va... 7,84 lit CO2 (dktc) va 8 ,1 gam H2O Tong so mol hai hidrocacbon dem dot la A 0 ,1 mol B 0,05 mol C 0,2 mol D 0 ,15 mol Ddp dn A 10 Crackinh 20 lit butan thu dugc 36 lit h6n hgp khi g6m C4H10, C2H4, C2H6, C3H6, CH4 (cac khi do a cimg dilu kien) theo 2 phuang trinh hoa hgc C4H10 -» C2H4 + C2H6 C4H,o ^ CH4 + C3H6 Hieu suat qua trinh crac kinh la: A 60% B 70% C 80% D 90% Ddp dn C 11 Hidrocacbon X tac dung... metyltoluen D.p- metyUoluen Ddp dn D 11 Clo hda toluen bang clo cd mat anh sang thu dugc san pham nao dudd day? A Benzylclorua B o- clotoluen C m- clo toluen Ddp dn A D p - clotoluen 12 San pham chinh cua phan ung hidro hda benzen bang H2, xiic tac Ni dudi ap sudt 10 atm, 15 00°C la chdt nao sau day? A Xiclohexadien- 1, 3 B Xiclohexen C Xiclohexan D Hexan Ddp dn C 13 De dieu che m-clonitrobenzen tir benzen... m la A 16 ,20 B 6,48 C 8 ,10 D 10 ,12 Ddp dn B Cho 0 ,1 mol andehit X tac dung vdi lugng du AgN03 trong dung djch NH3, dun ndng thu dugc 43,2 gam Ag Hidro hoa X thu dugc Y, biet 0 ,1 mol Y phan img vira du vdi 4,6 gam Na Cdng thirc cau tao thu ggn cua X la A CH3CHO B HCHO C CH3CH(0H)CH0 D OHC-CHO Ddp dn D Cho 2,9 gam mdt andehit phan iing hoan toan vdi lugng du AgN03 trong dung dich NH3 thu dugc 21, 6 gam... vdi 500 ml dung dich gdm KOH 0 ,12 M va NaOH 0 ,12 M Cd can dung dich thu dugc 8,28 gam hdn hgp chat ran khan Cdng thirc phan tir ciia X la A C2H5COOH Ddp dn B B CH3COOH C HCOOH D C3H7COOH 18 Oxi hoa 1, 2 gam CH3OH bang CuO nung ndng, sau mdt thdi gian thu dugc hon hop san phdm X (gdm HCHO, H2O va CH3OH du) Cho toan bd X tac dung vdi lugng du AgN03 trong dung dich NH3, dugc 12 , 96 gam Ag Hieu suat cua phan ... djch co pH = Ti le ViA'2 la A 1/ 3 B 3 /1 C 9 /11 D 11 /9 Ddp dn C 10 Xac dinh pH cua dung dich CH3COOH 0,01M? A pH = 2,0 B p H > , C pH < 2,0 D Khong xac dinh Ddp dn B 11 Co cac dung dich dien li manh... C4H,o^CH4+C3H6 (1) C4H,o^C2H6+C2H4 (2) C4H,o -^ H2 + C4H8 (3) Thu dugc 10 10 lit (dktc) hon hgp X The tich C4Hio(dktc) chua phan iing la A 11 0 lit B 55 lit C 16 5 lit D 80 lit Ddp dn A 18 Trong so... va H2(V2) hon hgp A V,=4,48 lit, V2=8,96 lit B Vi=l ,12 lit, V2 =12 , 32 lit C V,=2,24 lit, V2=l 1, 2 lit D V,=l 1, 2 lit, V2=2,24 lit Ddp dn C 12 Cho hdn hgp X gdm 0,02 mol C2H2 va 0,03mol H2 di qua