Thiết kế bài giảng sinh học 12 (tập 1) phần 1

TRAN K H A N H PHUONG ^ Hii I hiet ke bai giang TAP MOT N H A X U A T BAN H A NOI TRAN K H A N H PHtrONG THIET KE BAI GIANC TdPM^ NHA XUAT BAN HA NO) Thiet ke bai giang SINH HOC - T A P MOT TRAN KHANH PHUONG NHA XUAT BAN HA NOI Chiu trdch nhiem xudt bdn: NGUYIN KHAC OANH Bien tap: PHAM Q u d c TUAN Vebia: TAO THU HUY^N Trinh bdy: THAI SON - SON L A M SAa bdn in: PHAM QU6C TUAN In 2000 cuon, khd 17 x 24 cm, tai Cong ty Co phan in Khoa hoc cong nghe mdi Giay phep xuat ban so: 127 - 2008/CXB/lOO q TK - 05/HN in xong va nop luU chieu nam 2008 J.^aL noi ddu De M trey alio viic day - hgc mon Sinh hoc 12 theo chttOng trinh sach giao Ixhoa mdi ban hanh nam hgc 2008 - 2009, chiing toi viet cudh Thie't ke bii giang Sinh hgc 12 Sach gidi thieu mgt each thiit l Idfp theo doi nhdn xet Dap ^n bai 8: 2n = 24 -> n = 12 - GV nhan xet, danh gia va yeu cdu HS sfla chfla (ndu cdn) a)Dudoans6'NST - S d NST thd dan bdi 1x12=12 - Sd'NST d thd tam boi 3n = x = 36 = 24 + 12 = 36 - Sd NST d thd tfl bdi 4n = X 12 = 48 = 24 + 24 = 48 170 Hoat ddng cda HS b) Thd tam bdi la da bdi le Thd tfl bdi la da bdi chan c) Co chd hinh * Thd tam bdi: Dugc hinh su ket hgp cac giao tfl 2n vdi giao tfl n binh thudng thu tinh (2n + n = 3n) * Thd tfl bdi - Trong ldn nguyen phan ddu tien cua hgp tfl 2n, cac NST da tu nhan ddi nhung khdng phan li ddn ddn hinh thd tfl bdi 4n - Trong qua tinh phat sinh giao tfl su khdng phan li cua tdt ca cac cap NST tuang ddng ddn ddn hinh giao tfl 2n Khi thu tinh 2n + 2n = 4n - GV yeu cdu nhdm trinh bay each - Dai dien nhdm trinh bay phdn chudn bi cua nhdm tren gidy Ao giai bai -GVcdnluuyHS: - Ldp theo doi bd sung + Cach vidt giao tfl cua thd Aaaa va the AAaa + Ti le cac td hgp gen - GV thdng bao dap an dung, sau dd GV tim hidu xem cd bao nhieu nhdm cd kdt qua dung va ti le dung la bao nhieu? - GV chu y: Neu phdn viet giao tfl ciia HS lung tung GV cdn giang giai them D^p an bai 9: Hogt ddng cua GV a) Xac dinh kdt qua phan li ciia phep lai P Gp $Aaaa A Aa aa x cJAaaa -1AAa , - 1a a 171 Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt ddng cda HS F1 1/2 Aa 1/2 aa 1/2 Aa 1/4 AAaa 1/4 Aaaa 1/2 aa 1/4 Aaaa 1/4 aaaa Ti le phanli kieu gen: lAAaa Aaaa aaaa Ti le phan li kidu hinh: cao: thdp P $AAaa x (5'Aaaa —AA, '^Aa, xsa Gp Fl 1/6 AA 4/6 Aa 1/6 aa 1/6 AA 1/36 AAAA 4/36 AAAa 1/36 AAaa 4/6 Aa 4/36 AAAa 16/36 AAaa 4/36 Aaaa 1/6 aa 1/36 AAaa 4/36 Aaaa 1/36 aaa Ti le phan li kidu gen AAAA: AAAa: 18 AAaa: 8Aaaa: aaaa Ti le phan li kidu hinh: 35 cao: thdp b) Dac didm khdc gifla chudi nha va chudi riing Hogt dpng cda HS Hogt ddng cda GV Chuoi rCtng DSc diSm Chuoi nha LUdng AND Cao Binh thudng Tdng hop chat huu CO Manh Binh thudng Te b^o To Binh thudng Co quan sinh dU6ng To Binh thudng Phat then Manh Binh thudng Kha nSng sinh giao tfl Khong c6 kha nang sinh giao tfl binh thudng -> khong c6 hat Binh thudng -> CO hat c) Chudi nha bdt ngudn tfl chudi rumg trudng hgp dac biet, chudi riing phan li giao tfl, cdc cap NST tuang ddng khdng phan li giam phan tao nen cac giao tfl 2n Trong thu tinh giao tfl 2n kdt hgp vdi giao tfl n tao nen hgp tfl 3n Nhflng cay chudi tam bdi cd qua to, nggt va khdng hat da dugc ngudi gifl lai trdng va nhan len bdng sinh san sinh dudng dd tao ' chudi nha nhu • Hogt dpng BAI TAP CHUONG II Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cda HS - GV cho HS nhdm hudng giai bai - Dai dien nhdm trinh bay va minh hoa each giai tren mdy chidu tap 1,2 trang 66 173 Hogt ddng cda GV Hogt ddng cda HS - Sfl dung ll luan de ddn den each tinh xdc sudt - Ldp theo doi -> nhan xet, bd sung - GV nhan xet va thdng bao dap an -^ ldp theo doi sfla chfla - GV cdn ndm bat sd nhdm cd kdt qua dung va chua dung Dap an bai trang 66: - Benh pheninketd nieu gen lan quy dinh a - Gen khdng bi benh: A Ngflcrt em gai bi benh cd kidu gen aa Ngudi anh trai bi benh cd kidu gen aa - Ca vg ldn chdng ddu co xac sudt mang gen benh (di hgp) la 2/3 - Xdc sudt dd ca vg chdng ddu la di hgp tfl va sinh bi benh la: 2/3 X 2/3 X 1/3 = 1/9 Dap ^n bai trang 66 AaBbCcDdEe x aaBbccDdee a) Ti le ddi co kidu hinh trdi vd tdt ca tinh trang la: - Gen A: Aa, aa => ti Id kieu hinh trdi vd gen A la 1/2 - Gen B: Bb, Bb => ti 16 kidu hinh trdi vd gen B la 3/4 (IBB, 2Bb, Ibb) - Gen C tuang tu ti le kidu hinh trdi la 1/2 - Gen D: 3/4 - Gen E: 1/2 174 Hogt ddng cda HS Hogt ddng cda GV - GV luu y: HS cd thd dung each tfnh - Ti le ddi cd kidu hinh trdi ca khac dd tim ti le kidu gen khdng tfnh trang bdng tfch cac ti 16 cd kidu bang toan xac sudt thi GV cd thd khai hinh trdi ciia cac gen trdi, tflc la: quat dd HS chgn each giai nhanh hem 1/2 X 3/4 X 1/2 X 3/4 x 1/2 b) Me mang cap gen di hgp -> ti 16 ddi cd kidu hinh gidng me la: 3/4 X 3/4 c)Bd cd cap gen di hgp => ti 16 ddi cd kidu gen gidng bd la: 1/2 X 1/2 X 1/2 X 1/2 X 1/2 - GV yeu cdu nhdm trinh bay bai 3, trang 66 - Ldp theo doi nhan xet, bd sung - GV nhan xet, danh gia va thdng bdo dap an -> HS tu sfla chfla Dap an bai 3: - Gen a quy dinh bi benh tr6n NST X - Gen A quy djnh khdng bi benh - Bd' bi mii mau cd kieu gen X''Y vay ngudi gai binh thudng nhung cd gen b6nh, kidu gen la X'^X", ngudi chdng binh thudng co kidu gen la X'^ Y, a) Xac suat trai ddu long bi benh la 1/4 Vl + Xac sua't me truydn gen bdnh cho (X") la 1/2 - Xac sudt sinh trai la 1/2 + Xac sua't sinh trai mang X" la 1/2 X 1/2 = 1/4 175 Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cda HS b) Xdc sudt dd dfla gdi ddu ldng bi benh la O vi bd khdng bi benh nen gdi chdc chdn se nhan gen x khdng mang gen gay benh - GV kiem tra each vidt giao tfl va kdt Dap an bai qua F2 dd'i vdi HS cdn ydu dd sfla - Theo ddu bai cd: chfla Gen A quy dinh gen mdt dd Gen a quy dinh gen mdt nau Gen B quy dinh gen canh dai Gen b quy dinh gen canh ngdn So dd lai P cJM.do, C dai x AAX^Y Gp Fl $M.nau, C.ngan aaX'X" AX^AY aX^aX'' AaX^X^ AaX^X^ AaX''Y, AaX'Y GFl AX^ AX^ aX^AX^ AX^ AY, aX^ aY F2: 3$ M.do, C.d^i ZS M.do, C.dai J 3? M.do, C.ngan - GV yeu cdu nhdm trinh bay bai Z3 M.do, C.ngan - GV nhan xet, danh gia va thdng bdo dap an -> ldp nhan xet, bd sung 1? M.nau, C.dai 3/8 M.do, C.dai 3/8 M.do, C.ngdn 1/8 M.nau, C.dai Ic? M.nau, C.dai IQ M.nau, C.ngan [ , „ ^ ^ + '^ f 1/8 M.nau, C.ngan 1(5' M.nau, C.ngan ' - Dai dien nhdm trinh bay - Sfl dung If thuydt bai 8,12 dd giai thfch kdt qua va vidt so dd lai Dap an bai 5: Sfl dung phep lai thuan nghich trudng hap -i 176 , Hogt dpng cda HS Hogt dpng cda GV * Trudng hgp - P c?mat nau X mat son i Fl - P 100% mat nau cJmat son X 5mat nau i Fl 100% mat son => ti'nh trang gen ti the quy djnh (di truyen ngoai nhan) * Trudng hgp - P cJmat nau x $mat son i Fl - P 100% mat nau $mat nau x cjmat son i 100% mat nau => Tinh trang gen tren NST thudng quy dinh * Trudng hgp -P Qmatnau x c? mat nau i 100 c? mat nau - P $mat son x S mat nau i 1$ mat nau: S mdt son - GV ggi dai dien cdc nhdm ghi dap an bai 6,7 len bang -> ldp nhan xet, bd sung 177 Hogt ddng cda GV Hoat ddng cda HS - GV y6u cdu cac nhdm phan tich dap an chgn va thao luan dap an Cau 6: C cau 7: D Kiem tra danh gid GV cd thd dua th6m mdt sd cau hoi trdc nghidm D|n d6 On tap kidn thflc vd qudn thd, thu phdn 178 [...]... ciia ca the sinh vat Qua trinh dich ma didn ra nhu the nao? 1 Khai niem - GV yeu cau HS - HS tdm tdt kidn thtic nghien ciiu SGK trang 12 muc II neu khai niem dich ma - GV tien hanh nhu sau: + Chia ldp thanh 4 nhdm + Phat cho mdi nhdm 1 bd md hlnh ddng vd ca chd dich ma + GV neu yeu cdu: nghien cdn SGK rdi thd 24 - HS hoat ddng nhdm + Ca nhan nghien ciiu thdng tin SGK va hlnh 2.3 trang 13 de ndm bdt... each ghep cdc manh bia tren td gidy Ao nhu hlnh 3 .1 SGK trang 16 - Ldp nhan xet, bd - GV nhan xet, danh gia sung va giiip HS hoan thien kidn thiic - GV hdi: + Operon la gl? + Operon Lac cd cdu tao nhu thd nao? - GV yeu cdu: + Nghien ciiu SGK trang 16 muc 1 + Sii dung cac manh bia cd ndi dung: gen didu hoa, P, O, Z de trinh bay cau triic ciia operon Lac 1 Mo hinh ca'u trdc cua operon Lac * Khai niem operon:... kien thiic 16 ii CHUAN Bj - Tranh hlnh SGK phdng to - Phim anh ve qua trinh phien ma, dich ma - GV chuan bi 4 bd md hlnh ddng ve co che dich ma bao gdm: + 2 tieu phin ribdxdm: mau do + Sgi mARN vdi cac Codon: mau xanh + Cac tARN vdi bd ma ma hoa: mau nau + Cac axit amin (Met, Glu, Arg, Gly ): mau vang + 1 ta'm bia (bang 1/ 2 khd giay Ao): mau trdng Thong tin bo sung: SAO MA (TONG HO? ARN) - Nam 19 60 ngudi... gia dich ma tren mARN thanh trinh ty cac axit amin tren chuoi polipeptit - Ke't hop v6i protein tao nen riboxom noi tong hop protein 19 Hogt dpng cua GV Hogt dpng cua HS - HS quan sat hlnh 2.2 SGK trang 12 , ket hgp vdi kidn thiic THCS de tra ldi - HS theo ddi phim tii 1 - 2 lan - Yeu cau nhan bidt dugc mdt sd kidn thiic + Phan tii ADN thao xodn + Cd enzxim khdi ddng qua trinh phien ma + Tdng hgp ARN... tham gia cua nhiing ye'u td nao? Hogt dpng 1 TIM HIEU QUA TRINH PHIEN MA Muc tieu: - HS nam dugc cau tao, chiic nang cua cac loai ARN cd lien quan den phien ma - HS hieu va trinh bay dugc ca che phien ma - HS tha'y dugc su khac biet giira te bao nhan thuc va te bao nhan sa, ve mARN sau phien ma 18 Hogt dpng cua HS Hogt dpng cda GV Npi dung - HS hoat ddng ca nhan 1 Cau triic va chiic + Quan sat tranh hinh... Npi dung - HS hoat ddng ca nhan 1 Cau triic va chiic + Quan sat tranh hinh ve vdi SGK, ke't hgp vdi nang cac loai ARN tranh hlnh cac loai ARN + Nghien ciiu SGK trang - HS tdm tat kie'n thiic ve ARN 11 muc 1 - GV neu yeu cau: + Ke bang phan biet ca'u - Dai dien mdt vai HS triic, chiic nang ciia cac trinh bay dap an —> ldp nhan xet, bd sung loai ARN - GV nhan xet, danh gia va giiip HS hoan thien kien... ma di truyen GV yeu cau HS + Viet 1 doan gen bat kl cd trinh tu cac nucledtit + Tir gen tdng hgp mARN va prdtein - HS: 2 - 3 em viet len bang -^ ldp nhan xet, bd sung Hogt dpng 3 TIM HIEU QUA TRINH NHAN DOI ADN (TAI BAN ADN) Muc tieu: - HS hieu va trinh bay dugc cac budc chii yeu cua qua trinh nhan ddi ADN - HS giai thfch dugc each tdng hgp 2 mach ciia phan tii ADN 12 Hogt dpng cua GV Hogt dpng cda... HS lam bai tap trac nghiem Cau 1: Thii tu cac viing cua gen cau triic la A Viing dieu hoa dau gen -> vung ket thiic —> viing ma hoa B Vung ma hoa -> viing dieu hoa dau gen —> viing ket thiic C Viing dieu hoa dau gen -^ vung ma hoa -> viing ket thiic D Viing ke't thiic -> Viing ma hoa -^ viing dieu hoa dau gen 15 Cau 2: Ma di truyen cd dac diem A Ma di truyen dugc dgc tii 1 diem xac dinh theo tirng bd... dau tach ra khdi chudi pdlipeptit nhd enzim - Chudi pdlipeptit tiep tuc hlnh thanh cac cau triic bac cao han trd thanh prdtein cd hoat tfnh sinh hgc - GV hdi: + Khi nao ca the sinh - HS van dung kidn thiic vat cdn lugng ldn ket hgp vdi SGK va hlnh protein? 2.4 trang 14 tra ldi dugc: + Lam thd nao de tdng + Co the can lugng hgp du sd lugng protein prdtein de xay dung td cho nhu cau ciia ca the? bao md... On lai kidn thiic vd gen, ca'u triic gen 28 Bai 3 DIEU HOA HOAT DONG CUA GEN i IViyC TIEU 1 Kien thiirc - HS neu dugc khai niem va cac cap do didu hoa hoat ddng cua gen - HS trinh bay dugc ca che dieu hoa hoat ddng cua cac gen qua operon d sinh vat nhan so - HS tha'y ro dugc y nghia dieu hoa hoat ddng ciia gen d sinh vat nhan so 2 KT nang Ren mdt so kl nang: - Quan sat nhan bidt kidn thiic - Phan tfch, ... chu'dng II 80 92 10 3 12 0 13 3 14 8 16 0 16 5 Bai 16 Bai 17 ChiTdng ill Dl TRUYEN HOC QUAN THE Ca'u true di truyen cCia quan the Ca'u true di truyen cua quan the (Tiep theo) 17 9 18 9 Bai 18 Bai 19 Bai 20... gay dot bien va cong nghe te bao Tao gidng nhd cong nghe gen 202 213 224 Bai Bai Bai Bai Bai Bai Bai Bai 10 11 12 13 14 15 Bai 21 Bai 22 Bai 23 ChiTdng V Dl TRUYEN HOC NGUOl Di truyen y hoc Bao... mon Sinh hoc 12 theo chttOng trinh sach giao Ixhoa mdi ban hanh nam hgc 2008 - 2009, chiing toi viet cudh Thie't ke bii giang Sinh hgc 12 Sach gidi thieu mgt each thiit l