THIẾT KẾ BÀI GIẢNG HÓA HỌC 12 TẬP 2

Chircng SAT VA MOT SO KIM LOAI QUAN TRONG Bai 31 SAT A MUCTIEUBAI HOC Ki§n thirc HS biit: • Vi tri cua sat bang he thdng tuan hoan va cau hinh electron nguyen tir • Tinh chat vat li, tinh chat boa hgc, va trang thai tu nhien ciia sat • Sat la kim loai boat ddng trung binh, c6 nhieu sd oxi boa HS hiiu: Tai sat cd nhieu boa tri? Khi nao thi tao sat (II), nao tao Fe(III) KT nang • Ren luyen kT nang: Tir vi tri cua kim loai suy cau tao va tinh chat • KT nang giai bai tap ve sat kim loai Tinh cam, thai Sir da dang tinh chat cua sat lam phong phii tinh chat hoa hgc cua kim loai tao thu cho HS nghien ciiu ve tinh chat cua sat B C H U A N Bj CUA GV VA HS • GV - May tinh, may chieu - Hoa chit: Dung dich CuC^, dung dich FeCl3, Fe - Dung cu: Ong nghiem, cap ong nghiem, gia Ing nghiem • HS: Xem trudc ndi dung bai hgc 163 C TitN TRiNH DAY- HOC Hogt dgng cua GV Hogt dgng cda HS Hogt dgng I VI TRI TRONG B A N G T U A N H O A N , C A U HINH ELECTRON NGUYEN Tiy GV yeu cau HS HS thao luan cho ket qua 16^ - Viet cau hinh ciia nguyen tir sat biet - c i u hinh 26Fe: ls^2s^2pSs^3p"3d"4s' sat CO sd hieu nguyen tir la 26, tir dd => Fe d chu ki 4, nhdm VIIIB (phan suy vi tri cua sat bang tuan nhdm phu) hoan - Cau hinh obitan: - Vilt ciu hinh dang obitan, tir cau hinh obitan du doan kha nang nhuong ^— 4s 3d electron cua nguyen tir sat Fe cd cac kha nang Tir cau hinh tren nhudng electron it t t I t I t - Fe ^ Fe^^ + 2e (3d^) Fe Fe^^ + 3e (3d') Hogt dgng II TINH C H A T V A T L I GV chieu len man hinh cho HS quan sat mgt mau sat kim loai (bay cd the cho HS quan sat mdt mau sat kim loai da cao sach ldp oxit) Yeu cau HS neu tinh chat vat li cua Fe GV bo sung: - Nhiet nong chay ciia sat la 1540°C - Sat CO tinh nhiem tir (bi nam cham hiit va CO tir tinh) 164 HS quan sat va nhan xet: Sdt la kim loai mau trang hai xam, deo, dai, de ren, nhiet nong chay kha cao din nhiet, dan dien tot Hogt dgng cda HS Hogt dgng cua GV - Sat cd khdi lugng rieng Idn la 7,9 gam/cm (la kim loai nang) Hogt dgng III TINH C H A T H O A H O C GV gidi thieu: Khi tham gia phan ling HS nghe giang, ghi bai boa hgc, nguyen tir sat nhudng electron d phan ldp 4s, tac dung vdi chat oxi boa manh thi sat nhudng them electron d phan Idp 3d tao T, 2+ T, + cac ion Fe , Fe Yeu cau HS viet cac qua trinh nhudng electron ciia nguyen tir Fe HS viet qua trinh nhudng electron ciia Fe: Fe Fe^^+2e 3+ Fe —> Fe + 3e (vdi chat oxi boa manh) Tac dung vol phi kim a) Tdc dung v&i luu huynh GV yeu ciu HS xac dinh S la chat oxi HS nhan xet: S la phi kim boat dgng hoa manh hay yeu? Vilt phuong trinh trung binh nen phan ung vdi Fe tao mudi hoa hoc cua S vdi Fe d nhiet cao sit (II) Fe + S -^-^ FeS b) Tdc dung v&i oxi GV nhan xet la phi kim boat ddng HS thao luan viet cac phuong trinh boa manh d nhiet cao Khi oxi tac dung hoc vdi Fe thudng tao hdn hgp nhieu 4Fe + 302 -^ 2Fe203 san pham nhu Fe203, Fe304 yeu cau 3Fe + 2O2 -> Fe304 HS viet cac phuong trinh boa hgc 165 Hogt dgng ciia GV Hogt dgng cda HS c) Tdc dung v&i clo GV gidi thieu clo la chat oxi boa Vi clo la chit oxi boa manh nen tao san manh yeu cau HS du doan san pham phim la muli sit (III) va viet phuang trinh boa hoc +3 -1 0 Fe + Ch ->FeCl3 Tac dung voi axit a) V&i dung dich HCl, H2SO4 loang GV yeu cau HS nhan xet ve tinh oxi boa cua dung dich HCl va H2SO4 loang tir d6 du doan san pham cua phan ung vdi sat, viet phuong trinh boa hoc minh hoa HS thao luan va nhan xet: - Tinh oxi hoa cua axit HCl va H2S04 loang la ion H cd tinh oxi hoa trung binh Nen san pham cua phan ung la muoi sat(II) va hidro - Phuong trinh hoa hgc Fe + HCl -^ FeCl2 + H2 Fe + H2SO4 loang -^ FeS04 + H2 b) V&i dung dich HNO3 vd H2SO4 ddc GV yeu cau HS nhan xet ve tinh oxi boa cua dung dich FINO3 va H2SO4 dac tir du doan san pham cua phan img vdi sat, viet phuong trinh boa hgc minh hoa - Tinh oxi boa cua axit HNO3 va H2SO4 dac la nguyen td N S cd tinh oxi hoa manh Nen san pham cua phan img la mudi sat(III) va san pham khir cua N"^ s"^ - Phuong trinh boa hgc 2Fe +6H2S04(d)-^^Fe2(S04)3 + 3S02 + 6H2O Fe +6HN03(dac) - ^ ^ Fe(N03)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O Fe + 4HNO3 -^ Fe(N03)3 + NO + 2H2O Hogt dgng cda HS Hogt dgng cua GV GV bo sung: Sat gidng nhom bi thu ddng boa (khong tac dung) vdi HNO3, H2SO4 dac ngudi nen co the dung thiing sat de chuyen chd axit dac ngugi noi tren Tac dung voi dung dich muoi GV la thi nghiem: Cho mgt bgt sat vao dung dich CUCI2 lac kT yeu cau HS: HS quan sat thi nghiem va cho nhan xet - Hien tugng: Thay dung dich CuCl2 - Quan sat nhat mau dan - Neu hien tugng - Giai thich: Do Fe khir Cu 2+ Cu - Viet phuang trinh boa hgc minh - Phuong trinh boa hgc boa Fe + CuCb -^ FeCl2 + Cu Fe + Cu^^ ^ Fe^" + Cu GV lull y HS: Sat tac dung vdi dung dich muoi tuan theo quy tac a Tac dung voi nwdc GV gidi thieu: HS nghe giang, ghi bai vk viet phuong - nhiet thudng sat khdng tac trinh hoa hgc: dung vdi nude - nhiet cao t° > 570°C thi sit Fe + H2O '"^"°"^ ) FeO + H2 khir hai nude sat (11) oxit - nhiet cao t° < 570''c thi sit 3Fe + 4H2O '"^""'-^ > Fe304 + 4H2 khir hai nude sat tir oxit (Fe304) Yeu cau HS viet phan ung boa hgc 167 Hogt dgng cda GV Hogt dgng cda HS Hogt dgng IV TRANG T H A I TlT NHIEN GV cho HS nghien ciiu SGK yeu ciu HS nhan xet ve: - Ham lugng sat vo qua dit HS nghien ciiu SGK va nhan xet: - Sat chiem khoang 5%> kbli lugng vo qua dat - Dang ton tai eiia nguyen to sit - Neu mgt so quang quan trgng cua - Trong tu nhien sit tdn tai chii ylu d sat dang hgp chit - Mdt so quang ciia sat + Quang manhetit (Fe304) hilm cd tu nhien + Quang hematit (Fe203) cd dang hematit (Fe203) va hematit nau (Fe203.nH20) + Quang xederit FeC03 GV gidi thieu them: Sit cd + Quang pirit FeS2 mau, cac thien thach chiia sit tu Hogt dgng CUNG CO B A I V A B A I TAP VE N H A GV chieu cac bai tap sau len man hinh HS quan sat theo luan cho kit qua cho HS thao luan ciing c l ndi dung bai hoc: Bai Cation kim loai M 3+cd ciu binh electron cua phan ldp ngoai ciing la 3d Vay cau hinh electron cua M la A ls^2s^2p^3s^3p''3d^4s^ 168 Bai Chgn dap an A Hogt dgng cua GV Hogt dgng cua HS B ls'2s^2p*'3s^3p^3d** C ls^2s^2p'^3s^3p^4s^3d^ D ls^2s^2p^3s^3p^3d'4s^4p' Bai Hoa tan 16,8g Fe vao dung dich Bai Chgn dap an C HNO3 thu dugc 4,48 lit NO nhat Co can dung dich thu dugc s l gam muoi khan la A 48,4g C 54,0g B 72,6g D 36,0g Bai Hoa tan hit 0,5g hon hgp Fe va Bai Chgn dap an C kim loai M (boa tri II) vao dung dich H2SO4 loang thu dugc 1,12 lit (dktc) Kim loai M la A Zn B Mg C Be D Ca Bai Cho hon hgp Fe va Cu tac dung Bai Chgn dap an C vdi dung dich HNO3, phan ling xong thu dugc dung dich A chi chiia chit tan Chat tan la A Fe(N03)3 B Cu(N03)2 C Fe(N03)2 D HNO3 Bai tap ve nha: 1, 2, 3, 4, (SGK) D HU'ONG D A N GIAI BAI TAP TRONG SGK Chgn dap an B Chgn dap an B Chgn dap an C Chgn dap an B 169 Dat UM = X (mol) -^ npe = 3x (mol) Phuong trinh boa hgc: 2M + 2nHCI ^ 2MCIn + nH2 X (mol) — x(mol) Fe + 2HC1 -^ FeCl2 + H2 3x (mol) 3x (mol) n o 8,96 ^ , n^ = - x + 3x = = 0,4 '- 22,4 2M + X (mol) 2Fe nCl2 -^ 2MCln — x(mol) + 3x (mol) 3CI2 -^ 2FeCl3 — x(mol) n 12,32 ^ ^^ n^, = - x + - x = = 0,55 '- 2 2,4 Tir (1) va (2) ta dugc n = 2; x = 0,1 mpe = 3.0,1.56 = 16,8 (gam) mw = 19,2 - 16,8 = 2,4 (gam) M = - ^ = 24 (Mg) 0,1 %Mg = 12,5% 170 (1) ^^ %Fe = 87,5% (2) ^^ Bai 32 HOP CHAT CUA SAT A MUC TIEU B A I H O C Ki§n thu'c HS biit: • Tinh chat ca ban ciia hgp chat sat (II) va hgp chat sat (III) • Cach dilu cbl Fe(0H)2 va Fe(0H)3 • Biet img dung va phuong phap dieu che mgt so hgp chat sat .' 2+ 3+ • Nhan biet cac ion Fe , Fe ' dung dich bang phan img hoa hgc HS hiiu: Nguyen nhan tinh khir, tinh oxi boa cua cac hgp chat Fe(II) va tinh oxi boa cua hgp chit Fe(III) KT nang • Tir cau tao nguyen tir, phan tir va mire oxi boa suy tinh chat • Giau bai t^p ve hgp chat sat Tinh cam, thai Hgp chat sat cd nhieu tinh chat mdi la nhu phan img chuyen tir sat(II) hidroxit sat (III) hidroxit khdng lam tang su ham tim hieu ciia HS B C H U A N Bj CUA GV VA HS • GV: - Hoa chat: Dinh sat, bdt dong, dung dich HCl, dung dich FeCl3, dung dich NaOH - Dung cu: dng nghiem, gia thi nghiem, den • HS: Xem trudc ndi dung bai hgc C TI^N TRJNH DAY- HOC Hogt dgng cda GV Hogt dgng cua HS I HOP C H A T S A T (II) Hogt dgng GV yeu cau HS neu cac so oxi boa HS thao luan cho ket qua eiia sat tii' d6 du doan tinh chat cua - Sat CO cae sd oxi boa thudng gap la hgp chat Fe(II) 0,+2,+3 171 Hogt dgng cua GV Hogt dgng cda HS - Hgp chat sit(II) cd so oxi boa trung gian nen cd tinh chit boa hgc dac trung la tinh khir va tinh oxi boa GV yeu cau HS neu cac hgp chit sat(II) thudng gap HS nhan xet: Hgp chit sit (II) thudng gap la FeO, Fe(0H)2, FeC^, FeS04 s i t (II) oxit GV cho HS nghien ciiu SGK yeu cau HS neu: HS nghien ciiu SGK va nhan xet - Tinh chat vat li cua FeO - Tinh chat vat li: FeO la chat rin mau den, khdng CO tu nhien - Tinh khir, tinh oxi boa ciia FeO - Tinh khir: FeO cd tinh khir kha manh tac viet phuang trinh boa hgc minh boa dung dugc vdi nhieu chat oxi boa - Neu cac phucmg phap diu cbl FeO 4FeO + O2 - ^ ^ 3Fe203 3FeO+10HNO3^3Fe(NO3)3+NO+5H2O (3FeO+NO3"+10H%3Fe^^ + N + 5H2O) - Tinh oxi boa: FeO the hien tinh oxi hoa tac dung vdi chit khir manh nhu H2, CO d nhiet cao FeO + H2 -^-^ FeO + CO Fe + H2O ^ - ^ Fe + CO2 - Dieu che: FeO bang each dung H2 hay CO khir Fe203 d nhiet cao GV bo sung: ngoai phuang phap tren co the tao FeO bang nhilu each nhu 172 Fe203 + H2 - ^ ^ 2FeO + H2O Fe203 + CO 2FeO + CO2 ^ ^ Hogt dgng cua HS Hogt dgng cua GV Fe(0H)2 ^ ^ FeO + H2O Fe304 + H2 — ^ ^ 3FeO + H2O Fe + H2O ""''"^' ) FeO + H2 Hogt dgng 2 s i t (II) hidroxit GV cho HS nghidn c u SGK HS nghien ciiu SGK va nhan xet ydu c~u HS ndu: - Tinh chat vat li cua Fe(0H)2 - Sat (II) hidroxit nguyen chat la chat ran mau trang hai xanh, khdng tan nude - Tinh chat boa hgc ciia Fe(0H)2 va de chuyen mau nau khdng - Phuong phap dieu che cua Fe(0H)2 - Fe(0H)2 cd tfnh khir de bj oxi khdng oxi hoa theo phan irng, de phan buy bdi nhiet 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O (Trang xanh) Fe(0H)2 > 4Fe(OH)3 (Nau) ^"""t"'"^ > FeO + H2O - Dieu che Fe(0H)2 bang each cho mudi sat (II) tac dung vdi dung dich kiem GV bo sung: - Muon dieu che dugc Fe(0H)2 tinh Fe^^ + 20H" ->Fe(0H)2 khiet thi phai tien hanh dieu kien khdng c6 khdng - Khi nung Fe(0H)2 khong thi thu dugc Fe203 2Fe(OH)2 ^°^ ) Fe203 + 2H2O 173 Hogt dgng cda GV Hogt dgng cda HS Hogt dgng 3 Muoi sit (II) GV chieu len man hinh trang thai HS quan sat va nhan xet: mudi sat(II) ciia mgt so muoi: FeCl2.4H20 thudng d dang muli kit tinh ngam nude, FeS04.7H20 va thi nghiem boa tan tot nude tan muoi nude yeu cau HS nhan xet tinh chat vat li cua mudi sit (II) HS thao luan cho ket qua GV yeu cau HS du doan tinh chat Trong mudi sat (11) thi sat cd sd oxi hoa boa hgc ciia muoi sat (II) va viet cac trung gian +2 nen cd tinh oxi boa va tinh phan img boa hgc minh hoa khir, ngoai cdn cd tinh chat chung ciia muoi - Tinh khir: Fe -^ Fe +e 2FeCl2 + CI2 ^ 2FeCl3 - Tinh oxi boa: Fe + 2e —> Fe M g + FeCl2 ^ M g C l + Fe - Tinh chat ciia mudi FeCl2 + 2NaOH -^ Fe(0H)2^^ +2NaCl FeS04 + BaCl2 -^ FeCb + BaS04 4- GV nhan xet va yeu cau HS hoan sa phan ung sau HS thao luan va hoan sa dd FeS04 + KMn04 + H2SO4 -> 10FeSO4 + 2KMn04 + 8H2SO4-> Fe2(S04)3+ MnS04 + K2SO4 + H2O 5Fe2(S04)3 + 2MnS04 + K2SO4 + 8H2O GV yeu cau HS neu cac phuang - Phuang phap dieu che: Mudi sat (II) dieu phap dieu che mudi sit (II) che bang each Fe + 2HCI -^ FeCl2 + H2 FeO + H2SO4 -^ FeS04 + HjO 174 Hogt dgng cua HS Hogt dgng cda GV GV luu y HS: Mudi sit(Il) dilu chi xong thi sir dung ludn dl lau khdng se chuyen dan sang muoi sit (III) Vi du 4FeCl2 +4HCI + ^ 4FeCl3 + 2H2O II HOfP C H A T S A T (III) Hogt dgng GV yeu cau HS du doan tinh chat HS thao luan cho ket qua cua hgp chat Fe(IlI) - Trong mudi sat (III) thi sat co sd oxi boa +3 (sd oxi boa cao) nen mudi sat (III) cd tfnh oxi boa manh 1- 3+ , T- 2+ Fe + e ->• Fe r 3+ , „ Fe + 3e ^ Fe GV yeu cau HS neu cac hgp chat sat (III) thudng gap HS nhan xet: Hgp chat sat (III) thudng gap la Fe203, Fe(0H)3, FeCl3 sat (III) oxit GV cho HS quan sat mau Fe203 va HS quan sat va nhan xet yeu cau HS neu tfnh chat vat li ciia - Sat (III) oxit la chat ran mau nau dd sit(III) oxit khdng tan nude GV yeu cau HS du doan tinh chat - Sat (III) oxit CO tinh oxi hoa cua Fe hoa hgc ciia sat (III) oxit va neu cac tinh chat cila oxit baza phuang phap dieu che sat (III) oxit + Tinh oxi boa: Fe203 + 3H2 ^ ^ va Fe + 3H2O Fe203 + 2A1 — ^ AI2O3 + 2Fe Fe203 + 3C0 - ^ ^ Fe + 3CO2 + Tinh chat ciia oxit baza 175 Hogt dgng cua GV Hogt dgng cda HS Fe203 + 6HCI > 2FeCl3 + 3H2O - Dieu che: sit (III) oxit dugc dieu che tir GV nhan xet va bo sung: - Sat (III) oxit ed tir nhien Fe(0H)3 dudi dang quang hematit Fe(0H)3 - Co the tao Fe203 bang nhieu each nhu: 4Fe + 3O2 - -> 2Fe203 2Fe + 3H2O - ^ Fe203 + 3H2 4FeO + O2 - -> 2Fe203 -^ Fe203 + H2O GV lun y: - Can phan biet phuong phap dilu che vdi each tao Fe203 - Sat tir oxit Fe304 co the bieu dien bang FeO.Fe203 nen sat tir oxit co tinh chat cua FeO va Fe203 GV yeu cau HS viet phan img cua Fe304 vdi dung dich HCl tir vilt HS viet phan img boa hgc phan ling tdng quat ciia FcxOy vdi Fe304 + H C ^ FeCb + 2FeCl3 + 4H2O dung dich HCl Fe^Oy + 2yHCl-> xFeCby/x + yH20 Hogt dgng s i t (III) hidroxit GV lam thi nghiem: cho tir tir dung HS quan sat thf nghiem va nhan xet dich NaOH va dung dich FeCIs cho - Hien tugng: Co ket tiia mau nau HS quan sat Yeu ciu HS neu hien (khdng tan nude) tugng, giai thich va viet phan ung - Giai thich FeCls phan ling vdi NaOH hoa hoc 176 tao ket tua Fe(0H)3 Hogt dgng ciia HS Hogt dgng cda GV - Phan img boa hgc FeCl3 + 3NaOH > Fe(0H)3 +3NaCl GV yeu cau HS neu tinli chat boa - S i t (III) h i l r o x i t cu tdnh ch_^t c a hgc cua Fe(0H)3 m7.t b a z i k h u n g tan + Tac dung vdi dung dich axit Fe(0H)3 + 3HCI ^ FeClj + HjO + Phan buy bdi nhiet Fe(0H)3 -> Fe203 + H2O Hogt dgng Muoi sit (III) GV gidi thieu: Da sd cac mudi HS ghi bai sit(lll) tan nude, ket tinh Vi du: thudng ngam nude FeCl3.6H20 HS thao luan va nhan xet GV yeu ciu HS du doan tinh chat - Muli sit(IIl) CO sat +3 nen cd tfnh oxi hoa hgc ciia mudi sat(Ill) 2+ tr 3+ , Fe hoa manh Fe + e Fe' Fe^^ + 3e - Tinh chat chung cua muoi GV lam cac thi nghiem cho HS quan sat: HS quan sat, thao luan cho ket qua TNI: cho mgt it bdt sat vao dung TNI: Khi cho mgt it bdt sat vao dung dich FeCl3 thay bdt sat tan dan ddng thdi thay dich FeCl3 lac nhe mau nau (vang) nhat dan Do Fe phan irng vdi muli FeCl3 theo phuang trinh Fe + FeCl3 > FeCb TN2: Khi cho mgt it bdt ddng vao dung dich FeCl3 thay bgt ddng tan dan dong thdi 177 Hogt dgng cda GV Hogt dgng cda HS TN2: cho mgt It bdt sat vao dung thay dung dich cd mau xanh cua muoi dich FeCl3 lie nhe d6ng(ll) Do Cu phan ling vdi mudi FeCl3 Yeu cau HS neu hien tugng, giai tap CuCl2 va FeCb theo phuong trinh thich va viet phan ung hoa hgc minh > FeCb + CuCb Cu + 2FeCl3 boa HS viet phan ung boa hgc dudi su hudng GV nhan xet: dan ciia GV - Thong qua phan ung tren thiy 2HI + 2FeCl3 -^2FeCl2 + 2HCl + l2 muoi sat(III) co tinh oxi boa manh H2S + 2FeCl3 ->2FeCl2 + 2HCl + S - Ngoai muoi sat (III) cdn oxi > FeCl2 + MgCl2 boa dugc nhieu chit khir khac nhu: Mg + 2FeCl3 KI (HI), H2S, Mg, Al yeu ciu HS 3Mgdu + 2FeCl3 viet cac phan ling boa hgc > 2Fe + 3MgCl2 Hogt dgng CUNG CO BAI VA BAI TAP VE NHA GV Phat cac phieu hgc tap sau cho HS thao luan cho ket qua HS thao luan ciing co noi dung bai hgc Phieu Dung dich FeS04 lam mit Phieu Chgn dap an D mau dung dich nao cac dung dich sau: A Dung dich KMn04/H2S04 B Dung dich K2Cr207/H2S04 C Dung dich Br2 D Ca ba dung dich tren Phieu Cho lin lugt 23,2 g Fe304 Phieu Chgn dap an B va 5,6 g Fe vao mgt dung dich HCl 0,5M Thi tfch dung dich HCl tii 178 Hogt dgng cua HS Hogt dgng cua GV thieu can lay de boa tan cac chat ran tren la A 2,0 lit B 1,61ft C 0,4 1ft D 2,4 1ft Phieu Cho dung dich chiia FeC^ Phieu Chgn dap an A va ZnCl2 tac dung vdi dung dich NaOH du, sau dd lay ket tua nung khong den khoi lugng khong doi thu dugc chat ran gdm: A Fe203 B FeO C FeO, ZnO D Fe203, ZnO Phieu Cho sa phan img: Phieu Chgn dap an B Fe304 + HNO3 ->Fe(N03)3 + NO +N2O + H2O Biet ty le so mol ciia NO va N2O la 1: Tong he so tdi gian cua Fe304 va HNO3 phuong trinh phan img tren sau can bang phuang trinh la: A 113 C 115 B 195 D.192 Bai tap ve nha: 1, 2, 3, 4, (SGK) D HU'ONG D A N GIAI B A I TAP TRONG SGK Chgn dap an C Phuang trinh boa hgc: Fe + CuS04(loang) -> FeS04 + H2 55,6 •^Fc ~ ^FcS0,.7H,0' 278 0,2(mol) 179 Theo phuong trinh: n^^ = n^ =0,2(mol) ^ V^ =0,2.22,4 = 4,48(lit) Chgn dap an B Fe + CUSO4 -> FeS04 + H2 56 (gam) X (gam) > 64 (gam) tang 64 - 56 = (gam) < tang 4,2857 - = 0,2857 (gam) -^ x = 1.9999 (gam) Chgn dap an B 0,5 mol FeO va 0,5 mol Fe203 co thi coi la 0,5 mol Fe304 Vay ca hon hgp co mol Fe304 nen co kbli lugng la 232 gam hgn dap an D Phuong trinh hoa hgc: Fe203 + 3C0 ^ ^ F e + 3CO2 0,1 mol -> 0,3 mol CO2 + Ca(0H)2 -> CaC03 + H2O 0,3 mol 0,3 mol mc^co^=100.0,3 = 30(gam) Bai 33 HOP KIM CUA SAT A MUC TIEU BAI H O C Ki§n thu'c HS biit: • Thanh phan, tinh va irng dung cua gang, thep • Nguyen tac va quy trinh san xuit gang, thep • Biet nguyen lieu va mdt sd phuang phap luyen thep 180 KTnang • Phan biet gang, thep • Giai bai tap lien quan din gang, thep Tinh cam, thai Thong qua qua trinh san xuit gang, thep lam cho HS bilt quy trgng hgp kim sat B C H U A N B! C U A GV VA HS • GV: Tranh ve: Lo Bet-xa-me, Id Mae-tanh, 16 dien • HS: Xem trudc ndi dung bai hgc C TI^N TRiNH DAY- HOC Hogt dgng cda GV Hogt dgng cua HS I GANG Hogt dgng 1 Khai niem GV cho HS nghien cim SGK va yeu cau HS neu khai niem gang HS nghien ciiu SGK va nhan xet Gang la hgp kim cua sit - cacbon va mgt so nguyen td khac dd ham lugng cabon (2- 5%) ngoai cd mgt sd nguyen to khac nhu Mn, Si, S Phan loai GV neu cac cau hdi sau cho HS thao HS thao luan va nhan xet luan: Cd hai loai gang: Gang tring va Gang - Co t>ao nhieu loai gang xam - Gang trang khac gang xam d nhung a) Gang xam la gang chira nhilu cacbon diem nao d dang than chi va silic - Neu tinh chat va ung dung cac loai Tinh chat: it ciing va ft gidn gang Lfng dung: dimg dl due be may ong nude, canh cira 181 Hogt dgng cua GV Hogt dgng cda HS b) Gang trdng la gang chiia it cacbon va cacbon chii yeu d dang xementit Fe3C Tfnh chit: co mau sang, gidn rat ciing va ling dung: dung chu yeu dl luyen thep Hogt dgng 3 San xuat gang a) Nguyin tac GV cho HS nghien ciiu SGK va yeu HS nghien cim SGK va nhan xet cau HS neu nguyen tac san xuat gang Nguyin tdc sdn xudt gang: Khir oxit sat bang than coc 16 cao b) Nguyin lieu GV: Tir nguyen tac yeu cau HS neu HS thao luan cho ket qui nguyen lieu san xuat gang - Quang sat - Than coc GV nhan xet va bo sung: - Quang de san xuat gang thudng la: Hematit dd (Fe203), hematit nau (Fe203.nH20) va manhetit (Fe304) Quang pirit (FeS2) khdng dimg de san xuat gang vi chira nhieu luu huynh - Ngoai hai nguyen lieu chinh d tren ngudi ta dimg them chat chay CaC03 hoac Si02 de thap nhiet nong chay va tao xi GV chieu len man hinh bai tap sau cho HS thao luan 182