LESSON 1: THE PRESENT SIMPLE & THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE. (THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN & THÌ HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN) I. The Present Simple Tense: 1. Form: To be - Affirmative: S + V1…. S + am/is/are…… - Negative: S + do/does + not + V… S + am/is/are + not… - Interrogative: Do/Does + S + V….? Am/Is/Are + S ….? 2. Use: a. Diễn tả một hành động hoặc một thói quen ở hiện tại (always, usually, often, sometimes, occasionally, seldom, rarely, every…….) Ex: I usually go to school in the afternoon. b. Diễn tả một chân lí, một sự thật lúc nào cũng đúng. Ex: The earth moves around the sun 3. Đối với ngôi thứ ba số ít: He, She, It. a. Thêm “S” vào sau động từ thường. Ex: Lan often gets up early in the morning. b. Thêm “ES” vào sau các động từ tận cùng là: ch, sh, s, x, o, z. Ex: He watches a lot of TV on Sundays. II. The Present Progressive Tense: 1. Form: - Affirmative: S + am/is/are + V-ing…… - Negative: S + am/is/are + not + V-ing… - Interrogative: Am/Is/Are + S + V-ing ….? 2. Use: Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra trong lúc nói (now, at the moment, at this time, at present….) Ex: - I am looking for the latest newspaper now. - They are watching a sport game show at the moment. 3. Note: Một số động từ không dùng ở thì Present Progressive, mà chỉ dùng ở thì Present Simple: to be, to want, to need, to have (có), to know, to understand…. Ex: - We are tenth-grade students now. - I understand the lesson at the moment. LESSON 2: EXERCISES Put the verbs in parentheses into the correct tense: 1. He (practice)_______________ the piano every day. 2. I (believe)____________ you. 3. Maria (have)_____________ a cold now. 4. He (swim)_____________ right now. 5. John (hate)____________ smoke. 6. Jill always (get up)____________ at 6.00 a.m. 7. Joan (travel)___________ around the world. 8. Maryam (stay)____________ with us at the moment. 9. Listen to those people! What language they (speak)___________? 10. It (not rain)______________ much in our country in winter. 11. They usually (work) ___________ five day a week. 12. What subjects you (study) __________ today, Nam? 13. We (talk) ________ to our friends now. 14. Every day, he (brush)__________ teeth at 5:30 and (have) _______ breakfast at 6. 15. Nam (go) _______ to his school by bike every day, but today he (take)_____ a bus 16. The students (plant) ________ trees in the garden at the moment. 17. Quang (not want) __________ any coffee. 18. The boys (play) ______ volleyball? 19. WORKDAY: My father (be) ________ a driver. He (work)__________ for a company in Ha Noi. Everyday, he (go) __________ to work at 6 a. m and (come) _______ back home at 5 p. m. Sometimes he (go) ______ to work earlier and (get) _____ home late. He often (go) ______ to Hai Phong on his business. He never (travel) _______ to Ho Chi Minh city or Hue. He (love) ______ his job very much. NOW: At the moment he (not work)_______ and he (relax) _________ at home. He (listen) ______ to music and (read) ______ newspaper. He (wait) _______ a phone call from one of his friends. 20. Thang usually (play) __________ piano after school? 21. They (look) ______ at me but they (not say) _________ anything. 22. You often (fly) ______ kites in the fall? 32. What your father (do)? 33. Your sister (do) ______ her homework? 34. How many people (be) _____ there in your family/ 35. The teacher (explain) ________ the exercises to the students right now. LESSON 3: THE FUTURE SIMPLE : THÌ TÖÔNG LAI ÑÔN 1. Form: - Affirmative: S + will/shall + Vo…. - Negative: S + will/shall + not + Vo… - Interrogative: Will/Shall + S + Vo….? (will not = won’t; shall not = shan’t) 2. Use: Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra ở tương lai (tomorrow, in the future, next… ), không có dự đònh trước. Ex: It will rain tomorrow. 3. Notes: a. Trong câu nghi vấn, chúng ta chỉ dùng Shall I/Shall We… ? Ex: Shall we go out for a dinner tonight? b. be going + Vo: Diễn tả một dự đònh ở tương lai. Ex: I am going to play volleyball on Sunday. EXERCISES Put the verbs in parentheses into the correct tense: 1. They (drive)______________ to school tomorrow. 2. We (hold)_____________ a soccer match next Sunday. 3. He (go)_______________ to that book shop tomorrow. 4. We (visit) ________ her house on this Sunday? 5. They (go) camping _____ this summer in a foreign country. 6. Hoa (have) ________ a party this evening and it (end) _____ at 7 o’clock. 7. I (phone) ______ you tomorrow evening? 8. Tam and his family (be) ________ at his farm all of the next harvest time. 9. They (not come) ________ back soon? 10. She (be) ________ abroad for her higher study next year. LESSON 4: EXCLAMATIONS : CÂU CẢM THÁN 1. WHAT + A/ AN + SINGULAR COUNTABLE NOUN! EX: What a beautiful picture! 2. WHAT + PLURAL COUNTABLE NOUN! EX: What pretty girls! 3. WHAT + UNCOUNTABLE NOUN! EX: What nice weather! EXERCISES Write the exclamations for the given situations: 1. wet day _______________________ 2. dirty hand _______________________ 3. difficult task _______________________ 4. busy week _______________________ 5. cold days _______________________ 6. delicious cakes _______________________ 7. good milk _______________________ 8. friendly people _______________________ 9. interesting story _______________________ 10. cold water _______________________ 11. muddy road _______________________ 12. lovely postcards _______________________ 13. boring party _______________________ 14. intelligent student _______________________ 15. beautiful flowers _______________________ LESSON 5: READING A. Hoa is eighteen years old. She is a student at University In Ha Noi. Her family is in Ha Noi with her too. Her father is a factory worker and her mother is a nurse. She is working fof the Central Hospital of Ha Noi. Hoa has got a brother and a sister. Her brother is a student at University too. Her sister is still young. She goes to kindergarten. B. Tam is twelve years old. She is a student at a secondary school in Hai Phong. She is not living with her family. Her family lives in Nghe An. Her father is a farmer and her mother is a farmer too. Her parents work hard on the farm from morning till evening. Tam has got a sister and two brothers. Her sister is in a primary school. Her brothers are twins. They are all at a technical college. C. Thao is thirty years old. She is an engineer. She works in a chemical factory in Ho Chi Minh City. Her family is in Nha Trang. Her father is a researcher and her mother is a lawyer. They both work in Nha Trang. Thao is the only child in the family. She hasn’t got any sisters or brothers. Read the paragraphs and tick in the suitable columns about Hoa, Tam and Thao: Hoa Tam Thao 1 Her mother is a lawyer. 2 Her parents are farmers. 3 She is a student in Hai Phong. 4 She has got a brother and a sister. 5 She is a university student. 6 She is an engineer. 7 She works in Ha Noi. 8 Her brothers are twins. 9 Her father is a factory worker. 10 Her brothers are college students. 11 Her parents work hard all day in the farm. 12 Her sister goes to kindergarten. 13 She is the only child in the family. 14 She has got a brother and sister. 15 She is living with her family. 16 Her father is a researcher. 17 She has got a sister and two brothers. 18 Her family is in Nghe An. 19 Her brother is a primary school student. 20 She is twelve years old. LESSON 6: COMPARISONS I. Comparative: So sánh hơn 1. Short adj/ adv : S1 + V + short adj/adv + ER + than + S2. * Tính từ/trạng từ ngắn là từ có một vần hay hai vần tận cùng bằng “y”. fast, cold, thick, lucky, happy .… Ex: - John is stronger than his brother. (John khoẻ hơn anh của cậu ấy.) - This athlete runs faster than that one. (Vận động viên này chạy nhanh hơn vận động viên kia) 2. Long adj/ adv: S1 + V + more + long adj/adv + than + S2. * Tính từ/trạng từ dài là từ có hai vần trở lên. modern, patient, difficult, fluently, beautifully, … Ex: - This problem is more difficult than we thought. (Vấn đề này khó hơn chúng ta nghó.) - He speaks English more fluently than his friend. (Anh ta nói tiếng Anh trôi chảy hơn bạn của anh ta.) II. Superlative: So sánh nhất 1. Short adj/ adv: S + V + the + adj/adv + EST + N Ex: Yesterday was the hottest day of the year. (Hôm qua là ngày nóng nhất trong năm.) 2. Long adj/ adv: S + V + the + MOST + adj/adv + N Ex: She is the most beautiful girl in the class. (Cô ấy là cô gái đẹp nhất trong lớp.) * LƯU Ý: - Ta có thể dùng the least để chỉ mức độ kém … nhất. Ex: This story is the least interesting of all. (Đây là câu chuyện kém thú vò nhất trong các câu chuyện.) LESSON 7: EXERCISES (COMPARISONS) I. Complete the sentences. Use the comparative form of one of the words in the list: big crowed early easily high important interested peaceful reliable serious simple thin 1. I was feeling tired last night, so I went to bed earlier than usual. 2. I’d like to have a _________________ car. The one I’ve got keeps breaking down. 3. Unfortunately, her illness was_________________ than we thought at first. 4. You look_________________. Have you lost weight? 5. I want a________________ flat. We don’t have enough space here. 6. He doesn’t study very hard. He’s________________ in having a good time. 7. Health and happiness are_________________ than money. 8. The instructions were very complicated. They could have been__________ 9. There were a lot of people on the bus. It was________________ than usual. 10. I like living in the country. It’s________________ than living in the town. 11. You’ll find your way around the town________________ if you have a good map. 12. In some parts of the country, prices are_________________ than in others. II. Fill in the blanks with the comparative of the adverbs in the box: easily early fast carefully high often hard long loud 1. We could have found the place more easily with a map. 2. We can’t hear. Could you speak a bit____________________? 3. I can’t jump any_______________ than that. 4. We are late. Can you walk_______________________ than that? 5. There are big traffic jams in big cities. They happen__________ nowadays. 6. Who works the________________ in your family? 7. Of all the student, Mark did the test the__________________. 8. The movie starts at eight, but we should get to the theater a few minutes _________________. 9. This exercise may take__________________ than we thought. III. Complete the sentences. Use a superlative (-est or most…) or a comparative (-er or more…): 1. We stay at the ______________ hotel in the town. (cheap) 2. Our hotel was ______________ than all the others in the town. (cheap) 3. The United States is very large but Canada is ______________. (large) 4. What’s the__________________ river in the world? (long) 5. What is the________________ sport in your country? (popular) 6. Everest is the_____________ mountain in the world. It is ______________ than any other mountains. (high) 7. We had a great holiday. It was one of the______________ holidays we’re ever had. (enjoyable) 8. I prefer this chair to the other one. It’s ______________ . (comfortable) 9. What’s the______________ way of getting from here to the station? (quick) 10. Mr. and Mrs. Brown have got three daughters. The______________ is 14 years old. (old) LESSON 33: EXERCISES (COMPARISONS) I/ Use the comparative or superlative form of the adjectives. There are lots of hotels in HCM City. You get a wider (wide) choice here than in the other cities of Viet Nam. The new world hotel is the____________ (famous) because president Bill Clinton once stayed there. It’s also one of the______________ (expensive) hotels in the city. It is currently the____________ (large) hotel in Viet Nam with 552 guest rooms. Hotel Sofitel Plaza is a______________ (small) hotel but it is________________ (expensive) than the New World hotel. It’s the______________ (comfortable) of all. Hotel Equatorial HCM City is also a superior first-class hotel in the city, but it is_______________ (cheap) than Hotel Sofitel Plaza. These hotels are________________ (popular) with business people than with tourists. Personally I can’t think of anything________________ (boring) than a big modern hotel. My own favorite is Binh Quoi Tourist Village, which is______________ (small) and________________ (pleasant) than many other hotels. The staff at Bing Quoi Tourist Village are________________ (helpful) than at the other hotels. Binh Quoi tourist Village is also in a_____________ (nice) place than the others. There are 49 well-furnished rooms in a very quiet atmosphere. It is just about 20 minutes by car from the city center. II/ Rewrite the sentences with as…. as…. or not as…. as…. 1. Bob is taller than Jack. Jack isn’t______________________________________________________ 2. Tokyo is bigger than Ha Noi. Ha Noi isn’t___________________________________________________ 3. Jill is more intelligent than Bill. Bill is________________________________________________________ 4. Are you and your husband the same age? Are you___________________________________ your husband? 5. You work harder than I I don’t ________________________________________________________ 6. Dogs are friendlier than cats. Cats__________________________________________________________ 7. The sun is hotter than the moon. The moon_____________________________________________________ 8. You look younger than Carol. Carol_________________________________________________________ III/ Complete the sentences with an opposite adjective in its comparative or superlative form. 1. A: Dick is the youngest in the family B: No, he isn’t. He is the oldest. 2. A: Janet was richer than John. B: No, she wasn’t. She was__________________________________ 3. A: This is the easiest exercise in the book. B: No, it isn’t. It’s__________________________________________ 4. A: Robert is more polite than his brother? B: No. he isn’t. He is_______________________________________ 5. A: The weather today is colder than yesterday. B: No, it isn’t. It’s_________________________________________ 6. A: Jack is meaner than Alan. B: No, he isn’t. He is_______________________________________ 7. A: I am the tallest in this class! B: No, you aren’t. You’re___________________________________ 8. A: Nam was the happiest in the class. B: No, he wasn’t. He was___________________________________ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ LESSON 34: IRREGULAR COMPARISON + EXERCISES I. Tính từ/ trạng từ bất qui tắc Adj/ Adv Comparative Superlative good/well (tốt) better the best bad/badly (xấu, dở) worse the worst far (xa) farther/further the farthest/furthest little (ít) less the least many/much (nhiều) more the most II. Tính từ/ trạng từ tận cùng là “e” Ex: large larger largest wide wider widest nice nicer nicest III. Tính từ tận cùng là “y” Ex: easy easier easiest happy happier happiest pretty prettier prettiest IV. Tính từ/ trạng từ tận cùng là phụ âm đứng trước là một nguyên âm Ex: hot hotter hottest big bigger biggest thin thinner thinnest EXERCISES I/ Give the correct form of the adjectives or adverbs in brackets. 1. It was an awful day. It was the (bad)_____________ day of my life. 2. He was a bit depressed yesterday, but he looks (happy)____________today 3. John’s car runs (well)________________ than Mary’s. 4. That’s the (far)_______________ way to the city center. 5. I feel (good)_________________ today than I did last week. 6. HCM City is the (big)______________ city in Viet Nam. 7. Marjorie has (many)_______________ books than Sue. 8. He acts (badly)______________ than ever before. 9. This bottle has (little)______________ water than my bottle. 10. Nam is (nice)_______________ than Minh. II/ Rewrite the following sentences, using Comparative 1. My homework is worse than yours. Your homework is____________________________________________ 2. He does the test more easily than Nga. Nga________________________________________________________ 3. An dictionary is more expensive than an English book. An English book_____________________________________________ 4. He behaves now worse than he used to. He used to__________________________________________________ 5. My uncle is fatter than my father. My father__________________________________________________ 6. Viet Nam isn’t as large as the USA Viet Nam__________________________________________________ 7. My friend cooks better than I do. I_________________________________________________________ 8. Hue to Ha Noi is nearer than HCM City to Ha Noi. HCM City to Ha Noi_________________________________________ . country. 6. Hoa (have) ________ a party this evening and it (end) _____ at 7 o’clock. 7. I (phone) ______ you tomorrow evening? 8. Tam and his family (be) ________. a bus 16. The students (plant) ________ trees in the garden at the moment. 17. Quang (not want) __________ any coffee. 18. The boys (play) ______ volleyball?