V1|C SCTD^NC NGUdi HOA COA C A C CHUA N C U Y I N TRONG CdNG CU0C Md DKT M|£N TAY NAM B0 D QUVNH NGA* C ong eupe md dfi't Dfing Trong n6i chung vfi mi6~n Tfiy Nam Bp n6i rieng lfi cong lao ciia bao nhifiu th€^ h$ lao d^ng tfi't ca cfic thfinh ph^n xfi h0i dudi th6i cfic chfla NguySn d6 c6 ngfldi Hoa, mot Iflc Ifldng chu yfiu mfi cfie chfla NguySn da stf dung rfi't e6 hi$u qua vi?c xay dflng thj, phfit trien thfldng mai ciia Dfing Trong Cho dSh Dfldng Ng^n Dieh theo si^ phfin efing cua chfla NguySn Phdc Tfin di theo dfldng bi^n vfio cfla Ldi L^p, d€^n djnh cfl Mjf Tho vfio nftm 1679 di khai phfi vflng dfi't nfiy thi vflng Tfiy Nam B$ Ifin dfiu tifin mdi dfl^c khai phfi dfldi thdi chua NguySn Dfldng N g ^ Dieh lfi mpt nhflng vien tfldng cua nhfi Minh khfing chiu thufin Chinh saeh sif di^ng ngfldi Hoa cua efie phue nhfi Thanh da di cfl d^n nfldc ta, nhd ehua NguySn Tfiy Nam B§ mfi ci^ th^ lfi ehiia NguySn giup dd Nfim 1644, tri^u Dfldng Ngan Dich d My Tho vfi M^c Ctfu Minh bi Man Thanh l$t d^ D^ trin ap cflng eon chau hp M^c vdi dfi't Hfi Tien dfi nhflng li^e Ifl^ig trung thfinh vdl nhfi Minh, de lai eho dfi't nfldc mpt di san v^ lanh tho qufin Man Thanh sau ehi£fm diiffc Bfic vfi dan cfl dajig trfin vfi ea nhflng gifi Kinh da md e u ^ hfinh qufin cfin qufit vdi tri ve lieh stt quy mo ldn k6o dfii nhi^u nfim di binh dinh efic tinh mi^n Nam Trung Qu6c, ndi c^ thii I CHUA N G U Y I N PHUC TAN VC(I DCdNG NGAN DJCH MY THO (1679- cudi cflng cua m$t li^c Iflc^ng khfi ldn tfin qufin nhfi Minh C u ^ chi€n k ^ dfii gfin 1689) th$p ky (1644 - 1683) eho dgn qufin Vflng Tfiy Nam B$ dfl^c chua NguySn Thanh chinh phi^c nhi2ng c u ^ khfing cfl cung nhfl ngfldi dfin Vi$t chu ^ mu$n hdu cudi cflng trfin dao Dfii Loan vien tfldng BO vdi Dong Nam Bp, b6i vi vj tri cfich trfi Trinh Thfinh C6ng chi huy Nhi^u vo quan vfi di^u ki§n khai phfi cung kh6 khfin hdn vfi qufin d$i trung thfinh vdi nhfi Minh da ' ThS So Khoa hoe vfi Cong ngh^ tinh Bfi Ria - 'Viing Tfiu Vigc 5i3r dyng ngirtrt Ijoa dfla gia dinh cua hp vflpt bien nfldc ngofii nhfim tranh si^ tra thfl cua chfnh quyen Man Thanh Sfl xufi't hi§n cua Ifle lflt?ng ngfldi Hoa nfiy Dfing Trong dflpe sit nhfi NguySn ghi lai: "Ky Miii, ndm thd 31 (1679), mita xudn, thdng gi&ng, tUdng cu nhd Minh Id Long Mdn tdng binh DiiOng Nggn Dich vd phd tudng Hodng TUn, Cao Ldi Lidm tdng binh Trdn ThitOng XuySn vd phd tudng Trdn An Binh dem han 3.000 qudn vd hOn SO chiie thuyin de'n cdc cda biin Tu Dung vd Dd Ndng, tu trdn Id bd thdn nhd Minh, nghia khdng chiu ldm tdi nhd Thanh ndn din xin ldm tdi td' (1) 'finh th^ nfiy da d$t chfla NguySn Phflc Tfin diing trfldc su Ifla ebon thdng minh, cudi eflng chua dfi quyS't dinh: "Nay ddt Ddng Phd (ten cd Gia Dinh) nUdc Chdn Lap dong rudng phi nhiiu nghin ddm, triiu dinh chUa rdi md kinh ly, chi bang lay sdc cua hg cho din khai khdn de d, ldm mgt viic md ldi ba diiu" (2) Chua mpt mfit ban cho cac tfldng nhfi Minh nhflng ehfle nhfl cfl, phong them chflc quan mdi, mfit khac giii thfl cho vua Chfin Lap yeu cfiu chia cfi'p dfi't dai cho hp Luc nfiy, bien gidi Vipt - Champa ve phia Nam cdn dijfng lai d sdng Phan Rang nen phfldng fin dfla dofin ngfldi di dfin ngfldi Hoa vflpt bien vfio dfit Chan L^ip lfi mpt each flng xtf linh boat vfi khdn ngoan, ddng thdi, cung th^ hi§n uy th^ eiia mdt nfldc ldn doi vdi phidn thfin cua minh Binh thuyen cua Dfldng Ng^n Dich tid^n vao ciia Ldi Lap, theo ciia Dai, cfla Ti^u ddn dinh cfl d My Tho Cng ehia qufin thfinh hai nhdm, m^t nhdm fing dfin dfiu dfla thuyen ch^y vfio cfla Xofii R^P sau dd djnh cfl d dfi't Phien Trfi'n, mpt nhdm Hofing Tieh chi huy tieh vfio D ^ Ti^u hai khfiu len dinh cfl d M^ Tho Nhfl v^y, Dfldng Ng?ui Djch vdi danh nghia lfi m^t vien quan cda chfla NguySn da dd^n khai phfi vflng dfi't nfiy Dfldng Ng^n Dich sau dd'n My Tho da tid'n hfinh v3 dfi't, xfiy phd, l^p chp di di^ng ndn m^t "My Tho d^i phd" sfim ufit quy ngfldi Hoa, ngfldi Vi^t, ngfldi Khmer Ong cho nhdm hpp ngfldi Vi^t, ngfldi Khmer vfi ngfldi Hoa tid'n hfinh khai khfin dfi't dai, Ifip trang tr^i vfi thdn fl'p t^o ndn aijf chuydn bidn dfing k^ cua vflng dfi't trfldc dfiy vdn khfi hoang sd nfiy My Tho trd thfinh noi nhpn nhjp, vi^c giao Iflu buon bfin vdi thfldng nhfin nfldc ngofii trd nen thjnh vflpng, thu hut si^ quan tfim eua cfie thfldng thuydn Trung Hoa, Nh^t Ban, Tfiy Dfldng vfi Bd Dfio Nha "My Tho dgi phd" Id mdt thUOng cdng xudt nhdp khdu hdng hod Ndm dge theo sdng Tien, ndi ndo cd ddng cU ddn la cd nhdng khu thi td ve tinh nhu Cha Ggo, Bin Chiia, Cdi Bi Long Ho, Sa Dec, Cdi Tdu ThUpng, Cdi Tdu Hg, Tdn Chdu, Tdn Ddc vd kin tdn cdc khu thi td ciia Chdn Lap Nhdng khu thi td ndy ldm nhiem vu eung cdp nhdng mdt kdng ndng sdn, tho sdn cho My Tho dgi phd xudt khdu, dong thdi cung nhdn hdng hod cua nUde ngodi di phdn phdi vd bdn cho ngUdi tieu diing " (3) Lflc Ifldng ngfldi Hoa ddn vflng dfit My Tho cfing ngfiy cfing da dang hdn, ngoai cac di thfin nhfi Minh, binh linh, thfldng gia edn c6 cac tri thfle Nho gifio, cac nhfi sfl Da sd ngfldi Hoa ddn dfiy deu lfi nhflng cfl dan d cac vflng duyfin hai phfa Nam Trung Qudc nen c6 hieu bidt vfi bifin, gidi vfi giao thfldng tren bifin, ky thufit ddng thuyen, thfinh thao thuy ehifi'n, c6 kinh nghidm vide giao lifu, tiep xfle, kifim ke hfing hofi d eac cang bifin Vdi dia thd vflng dfi't My Tho thu^n lpi cho giao thfldng, budn bfin, ngfldi Hoa d vflng dfi't nfiy sdng chii ydu bfing nghd budn ban, san xufit thudc Bflhifln cmi Lich siSr sg 4.2011 ddng y, tidu thu cdng nghidp Dd'n thd ky XVII, My Tho trd thfinh m^t hai trung tfim thfldng m^i ldn nhfi't Nam Bd luc bfi'y gid (4) Cflng vdi nhflng ho^it d^ng thfldng m^ii, ddi B^ng tinh thfin ciia ngfldi Hoa cung tha'm dfin vfio manh dfi't nfiy Ngfldi Hoa da du nhfip vfio vflng dfi't nfiy vfin hoa Trung Hoa hofi cflng vdi vfin hofi Khmer, Vi^t, Chfim t^o nfin si^ phong phu vd vfin hofi cho manh dfi't nfiy Tuy vfiy, ehi nfim sau (1688), s^ tranh chfi'p quydn li^c khidn ndi bd lyc dye dfin ddn v i ^ Dfldng Ng^n Dich bi phd tfldng Hofing Tidn gifit chdt: "Thdng 6, phd tUdng Long Mdn Hodng TUn giet chit chii tUdng Id DU(Jng Nggn Dich d eda biin My Tho, tU xUng Id Phdn dUng Ho oai tUdng qudn, thdng linh dU chung Long Mdn, ddi don sang Nam KM (nay thudc huyen Kiin Hda, tinh Dinh Tudng) (5), thu hiim ddp ldy, due dgi bdc, ddng chlin thuyin, thd qudn di cUdp bdc" (6) Chua NguySn Phue Trfin sai qufin vfio danh, nfim 1689 tfldng Mai Van Long da dp dflpc Tien Hofing Tie'n vfi vp eon deu hi giet (7) Nhfl vfiy, khdng gidng vdi nhflng thfinh qua mfi Trfin Thflpng Xuyfin da lfim dflpc d Cfl Lao Phd, nhflng no lflc ciia Dfldng Ng^n Dieh d My Tho bi gifin doan khidn My Tho rdi vfio eanh dieu tfin Sau Hofing Tien bj gidt ehdt, chua NguySn da giao qufin Long Mdn eho Td'ng binh Trfin Thflpng Xuyen quan ly Trfin Tbflpng Xuyfin da nh$p hai toan qufin b Ndng Nai vfi My Tho rdi ehia ddng t^i Ngfl Khe (rach Cai Ca), Doanh Chau (Cfl Lao Gieng) (8), (9) SM quan ly ciia chua NguySn ddi vdi vflng dfi't nfiy cdn long leo My Tho bud'i dfiu dfit dfldi BI^ kiem soat ciia cfic tfldng Long Mdn vfi cd nhidm vy thu nhfin sd' dfin cfl qufi ddng dfl^c chuydn tfl Trfi'n Bidn vfi Phidn Trfi'n xud'ng Ngfldi dfln d dfiy dfl^c t^o didu ki^n lfim fin, sinh sd'ng thoai mfii hdn so vdi dfin d Ddng Nam Bp, nhflng quy djnh edn chfla chfit chd vfi chii trfldng khuydn khich ciia ehua NguySn ndn hp dfl^ tfl lfim fin vfi khai khfin dfit dai Thud dfl^ thu theo san phfim nghl nghifip ciia tflng ngfldi; ngfldi lfim rufing thi ndp Ifla, ngfldi danh ca thi ndp cfi, ngfldi lfim rflng thi ndp go Dfi thu thud dfin d My Tho, chua NguySn cung da cho Ifip kho rieng (Quy An, Quy Hda, Canh Dfldng, Thidn Mu, Quan Thao, Hofing L^p, Tam L^ch, Ba Canh, Tan Thjnh) dfi nhfin dfin b gfin kho nfio thi dem thud" ddn nap kho dd cho tidn Nhfl vfiy tren thfle te, chfla Nguyen da ed sy khai thae nhfi't djnh ddi vdi My Tho, nhflng vfi m$t ehlnh danh thi vflng dfi't nfiy vfin chfla thupc vfi sfl quan ly cua chfla NguySn Tuy nhifin, dfiy dflpc xem lfi bfldc ehufin bj quan trpng cho si^ anh hfldng sfiu rpng cua cfic chua NguySn trfin vflng dfit Tfly Nam Bp qufi trinh thidt l^p ehinh quydn eiia Phien trfin dfldi thdi chiia NguySn Phue Chu vfio nfim 1698 Cho dfiii dflpc M^c Ciiu dfing phfin dfi't Hfi Tifin (1708) mfi dng da khai phfl trfldc dd thi chua NguySn mdi bfit dfiu vdi tay tdi midn Tfiy Nam Bp m^t cfich thfle sfl, II CHUA NGUYtN \