Nghiên cứu chế tạo blend đi từ cao su tự nhiên có sử dụng phụ gia nano

B GIO DC V O TO TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NI Lấ NH A NGHIấN CU CH TO BLEND I T CAO SU T NHIấN Cể S DNG PH GIA NANO LUN N TIN S K THUT HểA HC H Ni - 2016 H Ni 8/2015 B GIO DC V O TO TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NI o0o Lấ NH A NGHIấN CU CH TO BLEND I T CAO SU T NHIấN Cể S DNG PH GIA NANO Chuyờn ngnh: CễNG NGH VT LIU CAO PHN T V T HP Mó s: 62440125 LUN N TIN S K THUT HểA HC Ngi hng dn khoa hc: GS.TS BI CHNG TS NG VIT HNG H Ni - 2016 LI CAM OAN Tụi xin cam oan õy l cụng trỡnh nghiờn cu tụi thc hin Cỏc s liu v kt qu lun ỏn l trung thc v cha c cụng b bt k cụng trỡnh khoa hc no khỏc H Ni, 2016 Tp th hng dn Tỏc gi GS.TS Bựi Chng Lờ Nh a TS ng Vit Hng LI CM N Lun ỏn c hon thnh ti Trung tõm nghiờn cu vt liu Polyme - Trng i hc Bỏch khoa H Ni Tụi xin chõn thnh gi li cm n sõu sc n GS TS Bựi Chng, PGS TS Phan Th Minh Ngoc, TS ng Vit Hng, l nhng ngi thy cụ tn tõm, ó nghiờm khc v tn tỡnh hng dn tụi sut quỏ trỡnh thc hin bn lun ỏn ny Tụi cng xin t lũng bit n chõn thnh i vi s giỳp nhit tỡnh ca ton th cỏn b Trung tõm Nghiờn cu vt liu Polyme v Compozit - Trng i hc Bỏch khoa H Ni v sinh viờn chuyờn ngnh CN vt liu polyme v compozit ó cng tỏc, trao i, tho lun v úng gúp cho lun ỏn, ng thi to nhiu iu kin thun li cng nh úng gúp nhiu ý kin hon thin lun ỏn hon thnh tt chng trỡnh hc cng nh lun ỏn bờn cnh s giỳp ca cỏc thy cụ v bn bố cũn cú s ng h v ng viờn ca gia ỡnh, õy l ch da vng chc tụi cú th yờn tõm hon thnh bn lun ỏn Tụi xin c by t s trõn trng v lũng bit n sõu nng H Ni, 2016 Tỏc gi Lờ Nh a MC LC Trang DANH MC CC CH VIT TT V Kí HIU I DANH MC CC HèNH III DANH MC CC BNG VI M U CHNG TNG QUAN 1.1 Cao su t nhiờn (CSTN) 1.1.1 Lch s phỏt trin 1.1.2 Thnh phn v cu to hoỏ hc ca CSTN 1.1.2.1 Thnh phn ca CSTN 1.1.2.2 Cu to hoỏ hc 1.1.3 Tớnh cht ca CSTN 1.1.3.1 Tớnh cht c lý ca CSTN 1.1.3.2 Tớnh cht cụng ngh ca CSTN 1.1.3.3 ng dng ca CSTN 1.2 Cao su EPDM 1.2.1 Lch s phỏt trin 1.2.2 Cu to húa hc ca cao su EPDM 1.2.3 Tớnh cht c lý ca cao su EPDM 10 1.2.3.1 Cỏc tớnh cht khỏc 11 1.3 Blend CSTN/EPDM 11 1.3.1 S trn hp ca polyme 11 1.3.2 Kh nng trn hp ca polyme 13 1.3.3 Nhng yu t nh hng ti tớnh cht ca blend 13 1.3.4 Vai trũ ca cht tng hp 14 1.3.5 Tng hp polyme blend 15 1.3.5.1 Tng hp khụng hot tớnh 18 1.3.5.2 Tng hp hot tớnh 19 1.3.5.3 Tng hp bng cỏch hot húa b mt 19 1.3.5.4 Tng hp bng khõu mch ngang 20 1.3.6 Blend ca cao su t nhiờn v cao su EPDM 20 1.4 Ph gia nano v cao su nanocompozit 36 1.4.1 Ph gia nano 36 1.4.1.1 Nanoclay v nanoclay bin tớnh hu c 36 1.4.1.2 Silica v silica bin tớnh 37 1.4.2 Cao su nanocompozit 41 1.4.2.1 Cỏc phng phỏp ch to cao su nanocompozit 41 1.4.2.2 Silica/cao su nanocompozit 43 1.4.2.3 Nanoclay/cao su nanocompozit 44 CHNG PHNG PHP THC NGHIM 45 2.1 Húa cht v nguyờn liu 45 2.2 Thit b 46 2.3 Phng phỏp nghiờn cu 47 2.3.1 Phng phỏp ch to mu 47 2.3.2 Cỏc quy trỡnhch to mu blend CSTN/EPDM 47 2.3.2.1 Quy trỡnh trn hp blend CSTN/EPDM theo phng phỏp 47 2.3.2.2 Quy trỡnh trn hp blend CSTN/EPDM theo phng phỏp 49 2.3.2.3 Quy trỡnh trn hp blend CSTN/EPDM theo phng phỏp 50 2.3.2.4 Quy trỡnh trn hp blend CSTN/EPDM theo phng phỏp 50 2.3.2.5 Quy trỡnh trn hp blend CSTN/EPDM theo phng phỏp 51 2.3.2 Phng phỏp th nghim 52 2.3.2.1 Phng phỏp xỏc nh tớnh cht c hc: 52 2.3.2.2 Phng phỏp xỏc nh cng 53 2.3.2.3 Phng phỏp xỏc nh h s lóo húa nhit ca vt liu 53 2.3.2.4 Phng phỏp xỏc nh cu trỳc hỡnh thỏi vt liu 54 2.3.2.5 Phng phỏp xỏc nh lng phõn t 54 2.3.2.6 Phng phỏp xỏc nh trng ca vt liu dung mụi 55 2.3.2.7 Phng phỏp xỏc nh mt mng 55 2.3.2.8 Phng phỏp xỏc nh nht Mooney 56 2.3.2.9 Phng phỏp o cỏc c trng lu húa 56 2.3.2.10 Phng phỏp o phõn b kớch thc ht 57 CHNG KT QU V THO LUN 58 3.1 Nghiờn cu ch to blend CSTN/EPDM 58 3.1.1.nh hng ca cụng ngh ch to n tớnh cht blend 58 3.1.1.1.nh hng ca quy trỡnh trn hp cao su 58 3.1.1.2.nh hng ca t l CSTN/EPDM 62 3.1.2.Nghiờn cu s phõn b húa cht quỏ trỡnh trn hp 64 3.1.2.1 nh hng ca cỏc quy trỡnh trn 64 3.1.2.2 Quỏ trỡnh lu húa riờng bit cỏc thnh phn CSTN v EPDM 69 3.1.2.3 nh hng ca xỳc tin riờng bit n quỏ trỡnh lu húa 71 3.1.2.4.S phõn b cht xỳc tin quỏ trỡnh hn luyn chộo 75 3.1.2.5.S phõn b cht xỳc tin quỏ trỡnh hn luyn ng thi 78 3.1.3.Bin tớnh EPDM bng DTDM 81 3.1.3.1 nh hng ca nhit n quỏ trỡnh bin tớnh 82 3.1.3.2 nh hng ca cỏc iu kin bin tớnh khỏc 84 3.1.3.3 Mt s c trng ca EPDM bin tớnh 92 3.1.4.Ch to blend t CSTN v EPDM bin tớnh 94 3.1.4.1 Thụng s quỏ trỡnh trn hp 94 3.1.4.2 Thụng s lu húa 96 3.1.4.3 Nghiờn cu hỡnh thỏi cu trỳc 97 3.1.4.4.Tớnh cht c hc 102 3.1.4.5. trng dung mụi 103 3.1.4.6.Tớnh cht lóo húa nhit 104 3.2 Nghiờn cu ch to nanocompozit trờn c s blend CSTN/EPDM 106 3.2.1 Nanocompozit t nanoclay I28E 106 3.2.1.1.Ch to ch liu CSTN/I28E 106 3.2.1.2.nh hng ca nanoclay n tớnh cht trng n ca blend 117 3.2.1.3.nh hng ca nanoclay n tớnh cht c hc ca blend CSTN/EPDM 119 3.2.1.4 nh hng ca nanoclay n lóo húa nhit ca blend CSTN/EPDM 124 3.2.2.Nanocompozit t nanosilica 124 3.2.2.1 nh hng ca nanosilica n tớnh cht trng n ca blendCSTN/EPDM 125 3.2.2.2 nh hng ca nanosilica n tớnh cht c hc ca blend CSTN/EPDM 126 3.2.2.3.nh hng ca nanosilica n lóo húa nhit ca blend CSTN/EPDM 130 KT LUN 132 TI LIU THAM KHO 134 DANH MC CC CễNG TRèNH CễNG B ii DANH MC CC CH VIT TT V Kí HIU Ch vit tt Ting Anh Ting Vit BR Butadiene Rubber Cao su Butadien CZ N - thiazole Sulfenamide CSTN, NR Cao su t nhiờn CR Chlorprene rubber Cao su clopren DTDM Dithiodimopholin DCPD Dicyclopentadien DM Di 2-benzothiazoldisurfit DSC Differential Scanning Calorimetry EPDM ENB Cao su EPDM ethylidene norbornene Diethyl km EZ HAF Phõn tớch nhit vi sai High abrasion furnarce HBM Dithiocarbamate Mui than lũ bn mi mũn Hot ng b mt Ph hng ngoi IR Infrared spectroscopy M, MBT Mecaptobenzothiazol MB Masterbatch Cht ch MWD Molecular weight distribution Phõn b lng phõn t MAH Maleic anhydrit MBS Methacrylat-ButadienStyren MBTS Di 2-benzothiazoldisulfit POM Polarized optical microscopy Hin vi quang hc phõn cc PP Polypropylen PE Polyetylen PS Polystyren PA Polyamid PKL Phn lng RD 2,2,4trimetyl1,2 dihydroquynolin SEM Scanning electron microscope Hin vi in t quột SBR 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blend CSTN/EPDM s dng phng phỏp bin tớnh EPDM bng xỳc tin DTDM Tp Húa hc, Tp 51, s ABC, trang 278 281 Le Nhu Da, Dang Viet Hung, Uong Dinh Long, Hoang Nam, Nguyen Pham Duy Linh, Bui Chuong (2014) Preparation and characterization of NR/EPDM Part Effect of mixing procedures on curatives distribution and migration Vietnam Journal of Chemistry, Vol 52, no.5, pp 596 601, DOI: 10.15625/0866-7144.2014-0037 Lờ Nh a, ng Vit Hng, Uụng ỡnh Long, Nguyn Vnh t, Hong Nam, Bựi Chng (2015) Nghiờn cu vai trũ ca nanoclay nh mt cht tr tng hp blend CSTN/EPDM Tp Húa hc, S 53, 4, trang 503 508 Lờ Nh a, ng Vit Hng, Uụng ỡnh Long, Nguyn Phm Duy Linh, Bựi Chng (2015) Nghiờn cu nh hng ca s dch chuyn cỏc cht lu húa n quỏ trỡnh lu húa blend cao su t nhiờn-cao su EPDM (CSTN/EPDM) Phn nh hng ca cht xỳc tin n quỏ trỡnh lu húa Tp Húa hc, ó chp nhn ng Lờ Nh a, ng Vit Hng, Uụng ỡnh Long, Nguyn Phm Duy Linh, Bựi Chng (2015) Nghiờn cu nh hng ca s dch chuyn cỏc cht lu húa n quỏ trỡnh lu húa blend cao su t nhiờn-cao su EPDM (CSTN/EPDM) Phn nh hng ca quỏ trỡnh hn luyn n s phõn b li cỏc cht xỳc tin Tp Húa hc, ó chp nhn ng ii PH LC iii Giản đồ biến tính EPDM với DTDM nhiệt độ 140oC 16 14 140oC 140oC 140 oC Torque (Nm) 12 10 23:59 00:00 00:02 00:03 00:05 00:06 00:07 00:09 Time (minute) Gin momen thi gian quỏ trỡnh bin tớnh EPDM vi DTDM nhit o 140 C ti cỏc thi gian 5, 7, phỳt 18 Giản đồ biến tính EPDM với DTDM nhiệt độ 150oC 16 150oC 150oC 150oC 14 Torque (Nm) 12 10 23:59 00:00 00:00 00:01 00:02 00:03 00:03 00:04 00:05 00:06 Time (minute) Gin momen thi gian quỏ trỡnh bin tớnh EPDM vi DTDM nhit 150oC ti cỏc thi gian 4, 5, phỳt iv Giản đồ biến tính EPDM với DTDM nhiệt độ 160oC 20 160oC 160oC 160oC 160oC Torque (Nm) 15 10 23:59 00:00 00:00 00:01 00:02 00:03 00:03 00:04 00:05 00:05 00:06 00:07 Time (minute) Gin momen thi gian quỏ trỡnh bin tớnh EPDM vi DTDM nhit 160oC ti cỏc thi gian 4, 5, 6, phỳt 25 Giản đồ trộn hợp NR EPDM biến tính 140oC thời gian Torque (Nm) 20 15 10 140oC, 140oC, 140oC, 23:59 00:00 00:02 00:03 00:05 00:06 Time (Minute) Gin momen thi gian quỏ trỡnh trn hp CSTN v EPDM bin tớnh nhit 140oC ti cỏc thi gian 5, 7, phỳt v 25 Giản đồ trộn hợp NR EPDM biến tính 150oC thời gian 20 Torque (Nm) 15 10 150oC, 150oC, 150oC, 23:59 00:00 00:02 00:03 00:05 00:06 Time (Minute) Gin momen thi gian quỏ trỡnh trn hp CSTN v EPDM bin tớnh nhit 150oC ti cỏc thi gian 4, 5, phỳt 25 Giản đồ trộn hợp NR EPDM biến tính 160oC thời gian Torque (Nm) 20 15 10 160oC, 160oC, 160oC, 23:59 00:00 00:02 00:03 00:05 00:06 Time (Minute) Gin momen thi gian quỏ trỡnh trn hp CSTN v EPDM bin tớnh nhit 160oC ti cỏc thi gian 4, 5, phỳt vi 12 Tensile stress (MPa) 10 140.5 140.7 140.9 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Extension (mm) ng cong ng sut dón di blend CSTN-EPDM bin tớnh ti nhit 140oC 12 Tensile stress (MPa) 10 150.4 150.5 150.6 0 100 200 300 400 500 Extension (mm) ng cong ng sut dón di blend CSTN-EPDM bin tớnh ti nhit 150oC vii 12 Tensile stress (MPa) 10 160.4 160.5 160.6 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Extension (mm) ng cong ng sut dón di blend CSTN-EPDM bin tớnh ti nhit 160oC 5.5 5.0 Đ-ờng cong kéo -tháo tải blend có nanoclay I28E 4.5 4.0 ứng suất (MPa) 3.5 Blend I Blend II Blend III 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 -0.5 -50 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Dãn dài (mm) ng cong k o thỏo ti ca blend CSTN/EPDM cú v khụng cú nanoclay I28E viii 5.5 Đ-ờng cong kéo -tháo tải blend có nanosilica 5.0 4.5 4.0 ứng suất (MPa) 3.5 Blend I Blend IV Blend V 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 -0.5 -50 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Dãn dài (mm) ng cong k o thỏo ti ca blend CSTN/EPDM cú v khụng cú nanosilica ix