TAI LIEU ON THI VAO LOP 10_ MAI HEO

Tuyển sinh lớp 10 Teacher: Phạm Thị MaiTruong Chinh high school_Daknong PART 1: TENSES I THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE Cách thành lập : a Khẳng định: S (I,We, You, They, danh từ số nhiều) + VINFINITIVE (Động từ nguyên mẫu) +… S (He,She,It, danh từ số ít) + VS/ES (Động từ thêm”S” “ES” ) +… EX: I always go to school early He stays up late every night She does her homework every day Lưu ý: Quy tắc thêm ”S” “ES” vào động từ chủ ngữ (He,She,It, danh từ số ít)  Đối với động từ tận chữ: O, X, S, SH, CH ta phải thêm”ES” doÒ does ; fixÒfixes ; missÒmisses ; washÒwashes ; watchÒwatches … EX: My mother washes the clothes every day He often goes to work by car  Đối với động từ tận chữ “Y” mà trước phụ âm, ta phải đổi chữ “Y”thành chữ”I” thêm”ES” studyÒ studies ; carryÒ carries; worryÒ; worries ; marry Ò marries ; cryÒ cries… EX: This baby often cries when his mother is out Lan sometimes worries about her tests  Đối với động từ tận chữ lại ta thêm “S” mà Òplays, make Ò makes; cleanÒ cleans… EX: Nam ussually plays soccer in the afternoon This boy drinks milk every day b Phủ định: S (I,We, You, They, danh từ số nhiều) + don,t + VINFINITIVE (Động từ nguyên mẫu)+… S (He,She,It, danh từ số ít) + doesn,t + VINFINITIVE (Động từ nguyên mẫu) +… EX: I don,t drink coffee He doesn,t like films c Nghi vấn: Do + S (I,We, You, They, danh từ số nhiều) + VINFINITIVE + ….? (Động từ nguyên mẫu) Does + S (He,She,It, danh từ số ít) + VINFINITIVE +….? EX: Do you know this student ? play Tuyển sinh lớp 10 Teacher: Phạm Thị MaiTruong Chinh high school_Daknong Does she like music ? Cách sử dụng: - Dùng để diễn đạt hành động việc thường hay xãy (lặp lặp lại nhiều lần) hay thói quen (Trong câu thường có trạng từ thường xuyên như: always, frequently, constantly, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely, never, every, three/four times , once twice a week EX: We eat rice every day He oftens get up early - Diễn đạt thật hiển nhiên, chân lý EX: The Moon goes around the Earth Fishes live in the water Bài tập Exercise 1: Put the verb in the bracket into the simple present tense I (eat) my breakfast in the kitchen every day These boys often (play) football at weekends It (rain) in the winter She (go) to school three days a week My little boy often (watch) cartoon film She (study) English very well My father often (play) tennis in the morning Ann (speak) German very well 9. your mother (walk) to work every day? 10 They (not /play) soccer in the morning 11 Phong, An , Ha and Lan (be) close friend 12 On Friday, I (have) English 13 At 12 a.m every day, I (have) lunch and (go) _to bed 14 In the autumn, I rarely (go) sailing and (go) to school 15 Every day, Mr.Hung (not go) _to work by car 16 There (be) _many flowers in our garden 17. they (go) to school by bus today? 18 My father (read) a newspaper in the morning 19 Giang (like) _Music but I (like) _Math 20 Every night, We (go) to bed at 10p.m 21 Ann(like) her job very much 22 Sometimes, I (play) badminton 23 We usually (read books,(listen) _to music or (watch) TV 24 Every day she (go) to work by bike 25. your students (play) soccer every afternoon? Exercise 2: Put “DO or DOES” into the following sentences to make questions the students study hard every day? Tuyển sinh lớp 10 Teacher: Phạm Thị MaiTruong Chinh high school_Daknong Mr Brown go to his office every day? you want cream and sugar in your coffee? the children go to bed very early? that girl come from South Africa? you know that Italian student? Miss Lan prefer coffee to tea? your English lessons seem very difficult? Exercise : Multiple choice questions: I at school at the weekend A.am B is C are D be She on Friday A don’t study B isn’t study C doesn’t study D aren’t study My students hard working A does not B isn’t C aren’t D don’t He a new haircut today A have B has C haves D to have I usually breakfast at 7.00 A have B has C haves D to have she in a house? A Does she live B Do she live C Is she live D Are she live Where your children ? A be B does be C are D is My sister in a bank A work B works C workes D to work Dog meat A likes B like C to like D liking 10 She in Florida A live B lived C living D lives 11 It almost every day in Manchester A raines B rain C.rains D raining 12 We to Spain every summer A fly B flys C flyes D flies 13 My mother eggs for breakfast every morning A fry B frys C fries D fryes 14 The bank at four o'clock A close B closes C closing D to close 15 John _ hard in class, but I _ he'll pass A try / don’t think B tries / doesn’t think C tries/ don’t think D try/ doesn’t think 16 Water at 100 degree Centigrade A boil B boils C boiling D is boiling Tuyển sinh lớp 10 Teacher: Phạm Thị MaiTruong Chinh high school_Daknong 17 George to the movies very often A not go B don’t go C doesn’t go 18 I your telephone number A not know B don’t know C don’t knew D am not knowing 19 Bad students never hard A works B work C are working 20 Those children for hours every afternoon A sleep B sleeps C is sleeping II THE PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE D not to D is working D are sleeping Cách thành lập a Khẳng định: am S+ is EX : I am writing a letter now +VING He is sleeping at present are They are playing in the school-yard at this time *NOTE: S( I) + am S ( he, she, It, danh từ số it) + is S( we, they, you, danh từ số nhiều) + are b Phủ định : Thêm “ not” sau am / is / are am S + is are + not +VING EX : I am not writing a letter now He isn’t sleeping at present They aren’t playing in the school-yard at this time c Nghi vấn : Đảo am / is / are trước chủ ngữ Am Is + S +VING ? Are cách sử dụng: EX : Are you doing the homework ? Is she watching TV now ? Are the students learning English at the moment ? -Diễn đạt hành động, việc diễn (Ngay lúc nói) (Trong câu thường có trạng từ: still, now, at present, at the moment, at this time, today, tinight, this week… sau từ tạo ý : Look !, Look at him/her/them…, Pay attention! , Be careful ! ) EX: The students are doing the exercises now He is reading a newspaper at present Look! The bus is coming here -Diễn đạt dự định, hành động, việc xếp làm (xãy ra) tương lai gần (Tương đương với (am / is /are going to )) Tuyển sinh lớp 10 Teacher: Phạm Thị MaiTruong Chinh high school_Daknong EX: I am going to Binh Chau tomorrow He is returning home next Sunday -Dùng với always để diễn đạt phàn nàn hành động hay việc không tốt thường hay xãy hay thói quen xấu Ex: He is always watching TV very late They are always making noise in class * Một số động từ không dùng tiếp diến: want like belong know suppose remember need love see release mean forget prefer hate hear believe understand seem CÁCH THÊM “ING” • Đối với động từ tận chữ “E”, ta phải bỏ EX write Ò writing , practise Ò practising , raise Ò raising , ride Ò riding, drive Ò driving… • Đối với động từ vần tận phụ âm mà trước nguyên âm ta phải nhân đôi phụ âm cuối ( Nguyên âm gồm: u, e, o, a, i) EX: cutÒ cutting , stopÒ stopping , run Ò running, sit Ò sitting, get Ò getting, rub Ò rubbing… • Đối với động từ vần , có âm nhấn (Trọng âm) vần cuối, tận phụ âm mà trước nguyên âm ta phải nhân đôi phụ âm cuối EX: begin Ò beginning, prefer Ò preferring, occur Ò occurring, admit Ò admitting… • Đối với động từ tận chữ ”ie” phải đổi thành chữ “y” EX: tieÒ tying ,lie Ò lying … • Đối với động từ tận chữ “L” mà trước nguyên âm, phải nhân đôi chữ “L” EX: TravelÒ travelling, control Ò controlling, signal Ò signalling… Bài tập Exercise 1: Give the correct form of the verbs in the brackets using the present continuous tense Miss Nhung ( ride ) ………… her bike to work …… You ( wait) ………… for your teacher? I ( play) video games and my sister ( watch ) .…………TV Tuyển sinh lớp 10 Teacher: Phạm Thị MaiTruong Chinh high school_Daknong She ( not travel ) to the hospital by bus but she ( drive) We ( sit) …………in the living room What ………the farmers (do) .…………? - They ( unload) …………the vegetables Where ………he ( fly) .…………? – to Ho Chi Minh City I (eat) …………my breakfast at a food store My father (listen)…………………… to the radio now 10 Where is your mother? - She … .………… (have) dinner in the kitchen 11 Mr Nam (not work) ………………………………at the moment 12 The students (not, be) …………… .…………in class at present 13 The children (play)……………………… … in the park at the moment 14 Look! The bus(come) 15 What ……………… you (do)………… … , Nam? 16 Mr My father (listen)……………………… to the radio now 17 I ( read) ………………………… a book 18 The girls (play)…………………….volleyball 19 He (do)…………………………his homework 20 My mother(sit)………………………in the library III THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE Cách thành lập a Khẳng định: S + have / has +V3/ed + … Note: S( I, we, they, you, danh từ số nhiều) + have S( He, she, it , danh từ số ít) + has EX: We have learnt these lessons He has finshed his work b Phủ định: Thêm “not” sau have /has S + haven’t / hasn’t +V3/ed +… EX: They haven,t done their homework yet Mr Long hasn,t seen that film before Have / Has +S +V3/ed +… ? c Nghi vấn: Đảo have/ has trước chủ ngữ EX: Have you ever eaten durian ? Has he met his friend yet ? Tuyển sinh lớp 10 Teacher: Phạm Thị MaiTruong Chinh high school_Daknong Cách sử dụng: - Diễn đạt hành động, việc xãy khứ không xác định rõ thời gian (Trong câu thường có trạng từ: already, before, many times, several times…) EX: I have already gone to Dalat He has seen this film before - Diễn đạt hành động, việc vừa diễn (Trong câu thường có trạng từ:just, lately, recently…) * since + mốc thời gian (since January), Since + S + V-ed/2 * for + khoảng thời gian (for years) EX: He has just got married They have built a house recently - Diễn đạt hành động, việc xãy khứ, kéo dài đến tiếp diễn tương lai (Trong câu thường có trạng từ: since, for, up to now, so far…) EX: We have learnt English for years Mr Baker has lived in London since 1992 - Dùng với NEVER để diễn đạt hành động, việc chưa xãy tính tới thời điểm EX: I have never travelled by air /plane - Dùng với YET câu phủ định để diễn đạt hành động việc chưa xãy câu nghi vấn để hỏi xem hành động, việc xãy hay chưa (Hành động thường hay xãy thời điểm chưa xãy xãy hay chưa) EX: I haven,t had breakfast yet Have you emt him yet ? - Dùng với EVER để hỏi xem hành động, việc xảy hay chưa EX: Have you ever travelled by train ? Have you ever driven a car ? - Dùng sau cấu trúc: +It /This / That is the first/ second/ third …time… +It / This /That is the only… +It /This / That is + so sánh … EX: This is the first time I have ridden a motorcycle This is the only pen I have here You are the only girl I have loved Tuyển sinh lớp 10 Teacher: Phạm Thị MaiTruong Chinh high school_Daknong She is the most beautiful girl I have seen CÁCH THÊM “ED” • Đối với động từ tận chữ “E”, ta thêm chữ “D” mà EX: like Ò liked , practise Ò practised, raiseÒ raised, agree Ò argreed… • Đối với động từ vần tận phụ âm mà trước nguyên âm ta phải nhân đôi phụ âm cuối ( Nguyên âm gồm: u,e, o, a, i) EX:stopÒ stopped, rub Ò rubbed, … • Đối với động từ vần , có âm nhấn (Trọng âm) vần cuối, tận phụ âm mà trước nguyên âm ta phải nhân đôi phụ âm cuối EX: prefer Ò preferred, occur Ò occurred, admit Ò admitted… • Đối với động từ tận chữ ”y” mà trước phụ âm phải đổi thành chữ “i” thêm”ED” EX: CarryÒ carried, cry Ò cried study Ò studied… • Đối với động từ tận chữ “L” mà trước nguyên âm, phải nhân đôi chữ “L” EX: TravelÒ travelled, control Ò controlled, signal Ò signalled… Bài tập Exercise I: Put since or for into the blanks 1. a week Monday last week two hours 2002 yesterday three days 20 years the summer 10 12 May 11 o’clock 12 a long time 13 three years 14 I was a child Exercise II: Put the verbs in brackets in the Present Perfect Tense Nam (study) _ since last May _ (you / ever be) _ to Da Lat? His farther (just / sell) _ his old house Nurses (look) after patients in hospitals since last night Tuyển sinh lớp 10 Teacher: Phạm Thị MaiTruong Chinh high school_Daknong _ (you/ ever / see ) _ a ghost?-No, They (live) _ in that house for ten years I (work) _ with him since 1998 She (study) _ English for years now I (not see) my form teacher for two weeks 10 They (live) there for the whole life 11 (You/meet) him since we said goodbye ? 12 Where (you /be) since 2008? We (not/ get) _in touch with him for years? 10 I ( not/ know) _ Ha Long Bay yet 11 My father (watch) _ this film many times 12 ( you/ see ) _ Lan recently ? – No, _ 13 I ( never/ see) _ Lan again since we left school 14 We (no/ eat) in that restaurant for two years 15 I (do) _ my homework since last night 16 She ( go) to Da Lat since last summer IV THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE: Cách thành lập: a Khẳng định: S + have /has +been +VING + …… EX: We have been studying English since o,clock He has been working for three hours b Phủ định: Thêm “Not” sau have /has S + have / has + not +been +VING+… EX:She hasn,t been working all day I haven,t been watching TV since he came c Nghi vấn: Đảo have / has trước chủ ngữ Have / Has + S +been +VING+… ? Ex: Has he been seeing a film ? Have they been playing soccer since three o,clock? Cách sử dụng: -Diễn đạt hành động, việc xãy khứ, kéo dài đến tiếp diễn tương lai.(Trong câu thường có trạng từ: since, for…) (Giống Hiện hoàn thành nhấn mạnh tính liên tục) Tuyển sinh lớp 10 Teacher: Phạm Thị MaiTruong Chinh high school_Daknong EX: I have been typing for three hours We have been learning since seven o,clock V.THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE Cách thành lập : a Khẳng định: S + V2/ VED+ … EX: He went to Hanoi last week She cleaned the floor yesterday b Phủ dịnh: Mượn trợ động từ “ didn’t” đưa động từ nguyên mẫu S + didn,t + VINF… EX: He didn’t go to Hanoi last week They didn’t play volleyball yesterday c Nghi vấn: Did +S + VINF… ? Ex: Did you meet him last night ? Did the students the test last Monday ? Cách sử dụng: -Diễn đạt hành động, việc xãy thời điểm xác định khứ (Trong câu thường có trạng từ: yesterday, last, ago…) EX: I went to Vung Tau two weeks ago He watched that film last night Bài tập: Exercise 1: Give the correct form of the verb in bracket: 1) I (go) to Ben Thanh market last Monday 2) He (get) up at o’clock yesterday 3) What time you (go) to bed last night? 4) She ( not/ go) to work last weekend 5) Lan (meet) her at the party years ago 6) Last summer vacation,Mom (not /buy) me a new buy 7) When he (leave) for work last week ? 8) What you (do) yesterday? 9) We (begin) to learn English years ago 10) She (be) an engineer last week 11) Lan (be /not) at home yesterday 12) He (wear) the shirt last week 10 Tuyển sinh lớp 10 Teacher: Phạm Thị MaiTruong Chinh high school_Daknong NV: Did + S + V(inf) + O ? Pđ: S + had not + Vpp + O + Present Perfect NV: if/ whether + S + had +Vpp + O + ? Kđ: S + have/has + Vpp + O + + Past Perfect Pđ: S + have/has + not + Vpp + O + Kđ: S + had + Vpp + O + NV: Have/Has + S + Vpp + ? Pđ: S + had not + Vpp + O + Past Continuous NV: if/ whether + S + had + Vpp + O + ? Kđ: S + was/were + V-ing + O + + Past Perfect Continuous Pđ: S + was/were + not + V-ing + O + Kđ: S + had + been + V-ing + O + NV: Was/Were + S + V-ing + ? Pđ: S + had + not + been + V-ing + O + + Present Perfect Continuous NV: if/ whether + S + had + been + V-ing + O + ? Kđ: S + have/has + been + V-ing + O + + Past Perfect Continuous Pđ: S + have/has + not + been + V-ing + O + Kđ: S + had + been + V-ing + O + NV: Have/Has + S + been + V-ing + O + ? Pđ: S + had + not + been + V-ing + O + + Simple Future NV: if/ whether + S + had + been + V-ing + O + ? Kđ: S + will/shall + V(inf) + O + Pđ: S + will/shall + not + V(inf) + O + NV: Will/Shall + S + V(inf) + O + ? +Must + Future in the past Kđ: S + would + V(inf) + O + Pđ: S + would + not + V(inf) + O + NV: if/ whether + S+ would + V(inf) + O + ? + had to (hiện tại) / would have to (tương lai) The special cases (Những trường hợp đặc biệt) - Khi đổi câu từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp, ta không đổi động từ mệnh đề tường thuật trường hợp sau cho dù động từ tường thuật khứ đơn (Simple Past) a Động từ mệnh đề tường thuật câu nói trực tiếp có thời gian xác định Ex: He said, “I visted Uncle Ho’s Mausoleum in 1989” _ He said that he visited Uncle Ho’s Mausoleum in 1989 32 Tuyển sinh lớp 10 Teacher: Phạm Thị MaiTruong Chinh high school_Daknong b Mệnh đề tường thuật câu trực tiếp câu điều kiện loại 2, Ex: He said, “ If I were you, I wouldn’t come here” _ He said if he were me, he wouldn’t come there c Qúa khứ giả định (Past subjunctive ) mệnh đề sau sau wish as if Ex: Peter said, “I wish I were a girl” _ Peter said that he wished he were a girl d Trong lời nói trực tiếp có: could, would, should, might, used to, would rather, had better, Ex: Tom said to me, “You had better not contract her” _ Tom said to me that I had better not contract her e Khi câu trực tiếp diễn tả chân lí hay hành động lặp lắp lại thường xuyên theo thói quen Ex: He said, “The earth moves around the sun” _ He said that the earth moves around the sun She said, “I get up at o’clock every morning” _ She said that she gets up at o’clock every morning Thay đổi tính từ định, trạng ngữ thời gian… Cụ thể Direct (Trực tiếp) Indirect (gián tiếp) + This + That + These + Those + Here + There + Now + Then + Today + That day + Tonight + That night + Ago + Before + Tomorrow + The next day (ngày hôm sau) The following day + Yesterday + The day before 33 (ngày hôm trước) Tuyển sinh lớp 10 Teacher: Phạm Thị MaiTruong Chinh high school_Daknong The privious day + Last night + The night before + Tomorrow night + The following night The next night + The day before yesterday (hôm kia) + Two days before (2 hôm trước) + The day after tomorrow (ngày mốt) + In two days time (trong ngày nữa) + Next year / week + The following year / week or the next year + Last year / week + The privious year / week + A year ago + A year before / The privious year Những thay đổi áp dụng cho loại câu trần thuật sau : I Commands, requests, invitations, offers, advice in reported speech: _ Thường dùng động từ tường thuật mệnh đề như: order, command (ra lệnh) ; request, ask (yêu câu) ; beg (xin, van xin) ; tell (bảo) ; advise (khuyên) ; remind (nhắc nhở, nhắc) ; _ Nếu có từ “please” bỏ sang gián tiếp _ Nếu chủ ngữ, tân ngữ, động từ mệnh đề câu nói gián tiếp sang gián tiếp ta mượn chủ ngữ, tân ngữ, động từ cho phù hợp với ngữ cảnh Form: Khẳng định S + asked/told/ordered/advised/… + O + to infinitive + Ex: + The officer gave the order: “Fire !” _ The officer ordered the soldiers to fire + He said to the servant, “Please bring me some hot water” _ He told the servant to bring him some hot water + She said to me, “ Remember to go home before ten” _ She reminded me to go home before ten + “Hurry up, Lan” _ He told Lan to hurry up 34 Tuyển sinh lớp 10 Teacher: Phạm Thị MaiTruong Chinh high school_Daknong + “Shut the door, please” _ He told me to shut the door Form: Phủ định S + asked/told/ordered/advised/… + O + not + to infinitive + Ex: + He said, “Don’t shut the door” _ He asked me not to shut the door + She said to them, “Don’t be late tomorrow” _ He told them not to be late the next day + “Never that again” _ She advised her son not to that again + “Don’t leave the room” _ He ordered them not to leave the room + “Please don’t tell anybody what happened” _ She asked me not to tell anybody what had happened + The students said, “Teacher, don’t give us bad marks, please” _ The students asked their teacher not to give them bad marks + “Don’t believe everything you hear”, he warned me _ He warned me not to believe everything I heard II Câu hỏi gián tiếp (Indirect Questions): + Động từ câu hỏi gián tiếp thường là: ask; wonder; require; want to know; Nếu động từ tường thuật câu trực tiếp “said; said to told” phải đổi thành “asked” + Trong câu hỏi gián tiếp, chủ ngữ đứng trước động từ , không dùng trợ động từ “ / does / did” Không dùng liên từ “that”, dấu chấm hỏi phải bỏ Đổi Yes - No questions thành câu hỏi gián tiếp: Form: S + V1 + (O) + if + S + V2 + Whether Ex: + “Is anyone there ?”, he asked 35 Tuyển sinh lớp 10 Teacher: Phạm Thị MaiTruong Chinh high school_Daknong  He asked if / whether anyone was there + “Do you know Bill ?”, he said  He asked if / whether I knew Bill + She said, “Are you hungry, John ?”  She asked John if / whether he was hungry + “Have you seen that film ?”, He said to her He asked if she had seen that film + She said, “Will Tom be here tomorrow ?” She wondered if Tom would be there the day after Note: + Ta dùng cấu trúc: whether + to infinitive sau động từ wonder; want to know: Ex: “Shall I wait for them or go on ?”, he wondered  He wondered whether to wait for them or go on  He wondered whether he should wait for tyhem or go on + “whether” thường dùng câu có mệnh đề điều kiện để tránh trường hợp có từ “ If” Ex: “If you get the job, will you move to New York ?”, Bill asked  Bill asked whether if I got the job, I would move to New York Đối WH - Questions thành câu hỏi gián tiếp: + Từ hỏi câu trực tiếp thành liên từ câu gián tiếp Form: S + V1 + (O) + tõ hái + S + V2 + Ex: + “What is her name ?”, Bill asked me Bill asked me what her name was + He said, “Where does she live ?”  He asked where she lived + Mary said, “What they ?” + “Why did they that ?”, he wondered  He wondered why they had done that + “What time does the film begin ?”  He wanted to know what time the film began + “What will happen if she can not find her passport ?”  Mary asked what they did /  He wondered what would happen if she could not find her passport 36 Tuyển sinh lớp 10 Teacher: Phạm Thị MaiTruong Chinh high school_Daknong Note: Trong trường hợp câu trực tiếp có câu trần thuật lẫn câu hỏi chuyển sang gián tiếp , phần chuyển phần Ex: He said, “I have left my watch at home Can you tell me the time ?”  He said that he had left his watch at home and asked me if I could tell him the time Câu trần thuật gián tiếp (Indirect statements) + Động từ tường thuật mệnh đề “say, tell” + Cách biến đổi loại câu áp dụng điểm ý “1,2,3” phần (bao gồm động từ, đại từ…) Ex: + Mary said, “I am fine”  Mary said (that) she was fine + He said, “I go to school everyday”  He said (that) he went to school everyday + Nếu động từ tường thuật “say to” sang gián tiếp đổi thành “tell” Ex: + The teacher said to him, “You must your exercises by yourself”  The teacher told him that he had to his exercises by himself  The teacher said that he had to his exercises by himself Câu cảm thán gián tiếp Khi câu cảm thán đổi từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp thường mở đầu động từ “ claim”: kêu lên, la lên” Ex: + “What a lovely garden they have!”  He exclaimed what a lovely garden they had + “How hot it is!”  He explaimed how hot it was EXERCISES Rewrite these sentences, using reported speech Charles said, “I’m living in London now.” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… He said to us, “You are my best friends.” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Johnny said to me, “I don’t know what Fred is doing.” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… She said, “ I will answer the phone.” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… He said to his friends, “I must go home now.” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 37 Tuyển sinh lớp 10 Teacher: Phạm Thị MaiTruong Chinh high school_Daknong Hoa said, “I can’t go out after p.m.” …………………………………………………………………………………………………… She said to me, “I will come and see you sa soon as I can.” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… He said to me, “Don’t forget to post the letter.” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Nhi said, “I don’t know how to this exercise.” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 She said, “I must stay at home tomorrow.” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11 Hoa asked Tim, “Do you like this place?” _ “No, I don’t.” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 12 “Can you open your bag, please?” said the customs officer ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 13 The man said to Nam, “The clock will never work again if you try to repair it.” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14 The teacher asked Nga, “Is Mount Everest the highest mountain in the world?” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15 She said, “Can you speak Spanish, Minh?” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 16 Thanh said to her teacher, “Will I finish my exercise at home?” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 17 My friend said, “Are you going to leave tomorrow?” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 18 They said to us, “Must you go now?” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 19 I asked Nam, “Are you free tonight?” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 20 Nam said to me, “He wants to come here but he isn’t very well.” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 21 Susan said, “ My sister is coming to see me next week.” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 22 My husband said to me, “I’m going away for a few days I’ll phone you when I get back.” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 23 “What’s the weather like?” she asked me ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 24 “Does Ann always go to church on Saturdays?” He wondered ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 25 I wanted to know, “How can I solve the problem?” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 26 She said to us, “Shut the door but don’t lock it.” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 27 “Be modest if you are a good student”, said my father ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 28 “What country you come from?”, said Bill ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 29 “What are you going to study?”, asked Ann ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 30 They asked me, “How many children are there in the school?” 38 Tuyển sinh lớp 10 Teacher: Phạm Thị MaiTruong Chinh high school_Daknong ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 31 We asked, “What time does the plane arrive?” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 32 “Don’t argue with your father, Hung” said I ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 33 “Please lend me your dictionary tomorrow, Quang,” said Hoa ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 34 “I have something to show you”, I said to her ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 35 She wanted to know, “How long will it take me to get there?” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 36 She said, “How you go to the circus?” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… PART 5: RELATIVE PRONOUNS AND RELATIVE CLAUSES I RELATIVE PRONOUNS and EXERCISES Relative clause (Mệnh đề quan hệ) - Mệnh đề quan hệ (hay mệnh đề tính ngữ) bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước - Mệnh đề quan hệ đặt sau danh từ mà bổ nghĩa, bắt đầu đại từ quan hệ: WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT, WHOSE, trạng từ quan hệ: WHERE, WHY, WHEN a WHO: thay cho người, làm chủ từ MĐQH Ex: - I need to meet the boy The boy is my friend’s son  I need to meet the boy who is my friend’s son - The woman is standing over there She is my sister The woman who is standing over there is my sister Note : Who + V b WHO/ WHOM: thay cho người, làm túc từ MĐQH Ex:- I know the girl I spoke to this girl  I know the girl who/ whom I spoke to - The man is my teacher Your father is talking to him  The man who/ whom your father is talking to is my teacher Note: Whom + S + V c WHICH: - thay đồ vật, làm chủ từ, túc từ MĐQH Ex: - She works for a company It makes cars  She works for a company which makes cars - The elephants are big People keep the elephants in iron cages  The elephants which people keep in iron cages are big 39 Tuyển sinh lớp 10 Teacher: Phạm Thị MaiTruong Chinh high school_Daknong - Thay cho mệnh đề đứng trước Ex: He passed his exam This pleased his parents He passed his exam, which pleased his parents (dùng dấu phẩy trước đại từ quan hệ) d THAT: thay cho WHO/ WHOM/ WHICH MĐQH hạn định Ex: - I need to meet the boy that/ who is my friend’s son - The woman that/ who is standing over there is my sister - I know the girl that/ who/ whom I spoke to - The man that/ who/ whom your father is talking to is my teacher - She works for a company that/ which makes cars - The elephants that/ which people keep in iron cages are big * Những trường hợp thường dùng THAT: - Sau cụm từ quan hệ vừa người vật: Ex: He told me the places and people that he had seen in London - Sau đại từ bất định: something, aynyone, nobody, all, much Ex: I’ll tell you something that is very interesting All that is mine is yours - Sau tính từ so sánh nhất, only, first, last Ex: - This is the most beautiful dress that I have - You are the only person that can help us - Trong cấu trúc It + be + … + that … (chính …) Ex: It is my friend that wrote this sentence (Chính bạn viết câu này.) * Những trường hợp không dùng THAT: - Trong mệnh đề tính từ không xác định Ex: Mr Brown, that we studied English with, is a very nice teacher - Sau giới từ Ex: The house in that I was born is for sale e WHOSE (OF WHICH): thay cho sở hữu người, vật (his-, her-, its-, ) Ex: - John found the cat Its leg was broken  John found the cat whose leg/ (the leg of which) was broken - This is the student I borrowed his book This is the student whose book I borrowed f OF WHICH / OF WHOM: Ex: - Daisy has three brothers All of them are teachers  Daisy has three brothers, all of whom are teachers - He asked me a lot of questions I couldn’t answer most of them 40 Tuyển sinh lớp 10 Teacher: Phạm Thị MaiTruong Chinh high school_Daknong  He asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn’t answer g Giới từ đặt trước mệnh đề tính ngữ: (WHOM/WHICH) Ex: - The man speaks English very fast I talked to him last night  The man to whom I talked last night speaks English very fast - The house is for sale I was born in it  The house in which I was born is for sale * LƯU Ý: KHÔNG dùng THAT sau giới từ Trạng từ quan hệ (Relative Adverbs) a WHERE (in/ on/ at which): thay cho cụm từ nơi chốn Ex: - The movie theater is the place We can see films at that place  The movie theater is the place where we can see films b WHEN (in/ on which): thay cho cụm từ thời gian Ex: - Do you remember the day We first met on that day  Do you remember the day when we first met? c WHY (for which): thay cho cụm trạng từ lí Ex: - Tell me the reason You are so sad for that reason  Tell me the reason why you are so sad Exercise 1: Choose the best answer: METHOD: Với dạng ta thực theo bước sau Bước 1: Xác định tiền ngữ người hay vật … Bước 2: Xác định chức đại từ quan hệ: chủ ngữ, tân ngữ, sở hữu … Bước 3: Chọn đại từ quan hệ thích hợp điền vào VD: This is Mr.John,………teaches us English Bước 1: Tiền ngữ: Mr John người Bước 2: Chức đại từ quan hệ chủ ngữ mệnh đề quan hệ Bước 3: Đại từ quan hệ thích hợp that/who Câu hoàn thiện: This is Mr.Jonh, who teaches us English That’s my friend, _ comes from Japan A which B who C whom D where The plants which in the living room need a lot of water A are B be C is D was She’s the woman _ sister looks after the baby for us A who B which C that’s 41 D whose Tuyển sinh lớp 10 Teacher: Phạm Thị MaiTruong Chinh high school_Daknong That’s the doctor for Cliff works A that B which C whom D whose Marie, I met at the party, called me last night A that B whom C which D whose I remember Alice, rode the bus to school with A I B whom I C which I D who I used to enjoy the summer, we had a big family picnic A where B when C which D that Tell me about the city you grew up A that B where C which D ø Anna found the book that wanted at the bookshop A ø B where C she D Which 10 Please remember to take back to the library all the books are due this week A ø B that C when D they 11 She gives her children everything they want A that B who C whom D what 12 Tell me you want and i will try to help you A that B what C.who D which 13 The place we spent our holiday was really beautiful A what B who C where D which 14 What was the name of the girl….passport was stolen? A whose B who C which D when 15 The bed I slept in was too soft A whose B which C what D who 16 Nora is the only person understands me A which B who C what D whose 17 Why you always disagree with everything…I say? A who B which C when D what 18 This is an awful film It is the worst…I have never seen A who B that C what D whom 19 The hotel …we stayed was not clean A who B that C where D when 20 The last time …I saw her, she looked very beautiful A who B that C where D when 21 What was the name of the people …car had broken down A which B who C whom 42 D whose Tuyển sinh lớp 10 Teacher: Phạm Thị MaiTruong Chinh high school_Daknong 22 I recently went back to the town…I was born A what B where C who D which 23 The reason I phoned him was to invite him to a party A what B whose C why D which C when D which 24 I don’t agree with you have just said A what B who 25 She told me her address I wrote on a piece of paper A what B which C when D where 26 The dress didn’t fit her, so she took it back to the shop she had bought it A where B which C what D when 27 Do you know the girl Tom is talking to? A whom B what C which D whose 28 I gave her all the money I had A that B what C when D whose 29 The party we went to wasn’t very enjoyable A who B when C that D where 30 The stories Tom tells are usually very funny A when B that C where D who 31 I met the woman can speak languages A who B that C which D whom 32 Have you seen the money was on the table? A who B which C where D whom 33 Where is the picture was on the wall? A when B where C which D who 34 I don’t like people never stop talking A who B which C whom D whose 35 Why does she always wear clothes are too small for her? A which B who C whose D where 36 The factory John works in is the biggest in town A when B where C which D how 37 Have you ever seen the photographs Ann took? A that B where C when D who 38 Everybody went to the party enjoyed it very much A that B whose C which D who 39 1945 was the year the Second World War ended A which B why C when 43 D where Tuyển sinh lớp 10 Teacher: Phạm Thị MaiTruong Chinh high school_Daknong 40 Is there a shop near hear I can buy a postcard? A when B which C where D who II RELATIVE CLAUSES AND EXERCISES Có loại mệnh đề quan hệ Defining relative clauses: - Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước chưa xác định rõ, bỏ mệnh đề không rõ nghĩa Ex: I saw the girl She helped us last week  I saw the girl who/that helped us last week * LƯU Ý: Ta bỏ đại từ quan hệ: WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT chúng làm tân ngữ MĐQH xác định Non-defining relative clauses: - Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước xác định rõ (nó phần giải thích thêm), bỏ mệnh đề rõ nghĩa - Mệnh đề ngăn cách với mệnh đề dấu phẩy - Ta dùng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định khi: + Trước đại từ quan hệ có: this/that/these/those/my/her/his/… + Từ trước đại từ quan hệ tên riêng, danh từ riêng, vật nhất, cụm trạng ngữ nơi chốn Ex: - My father is a doctor He is fifty years old  My father, who is fifty years old, is a doctor - Mr Brown is a very nice teacher We studied English with him  Mr Brown, who we studied English with, is a very nice teacher - The sun made the traveller thirsty It was hot at midday  The sun, which was hot at midday, made the traveller thirsty - The boys in the next room are my students They are making noise  The boys in the next room, who are making noise, are my students * LƯU Ý: + KHÔNG bỏ đại từ quan hệ MĐQH không xác định EXERCISE Exercise 1: Combine each pair of sentences, using a relative pronoun METHOD: Kết hợp câu đơn thành câu phức có sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ (Combine these sentences) thực theo bước sau: Bước 1: Xác định mệnh đề mệnh đề phụ Bước 2: Xác định cặp từ có nghĩa tương đồng Bước 3: Xác định chức từ trùng mệnh đề phụ Bước 4: Thay từ trùng đại từ quan hệ tương ứng đặt đầu mệnh đề whose phải chuyển danh từ đứng sau kèm (mệnh đề phụ trở thành mệnh đề quan hệ) 44 Tuyển sinh lớp 10 Teacher: Phạm Thị MaiTruong Chinh high school_Daknong Bước 5: Viết mệnh đề quan hệ sau danh từ có nghĩa tương đồng mệnh đề hoàn thành câu Chú ý: Nếu danh từ mệnh đề (tiền ngữ) danh từ xác định phải dùng mệnh đề không xác định tức phải dùng dấu phẩy – Nếu whom which tân ngữ giới từ chuyển giới từ trước whom which VD: The girl is very pretty She lives next my house – “The girl is very pretty” mệnh đề chính; “She lives next to my house” mệnh đề phụ – The girl she cặp từ tương đồng – She giữ chức chủ ngữ – She thay who ta có mệnh đề quan hệ “who lives next my house” – Chuyển mệnh đề quan hệ sau tiền ngữ hoàn thành câu: The girl who lives next to my house is very pretty The girl is my cousin She chatted with you yesterday ………………………………………………….…………………………… The man is very kind He spent 15 minutes measuring our kitchen ………………………………………………….…………………………… The architect designed these flats He has moved to HCM City ………………………………………………….…………………………… The young boy is naughty He rides an expensive motorbike ………………………………………………….…………………………… I’m reading the book I bought it in 1996 ………………………………………………….…………………………… Do you know the man? He is sharing the flat with me ………………………………………………….…………………………… The young man is Ba’s brother He is talking to our teacher ………………………………………………….…………………………… We visited the monument It was built a hundred years ago ………………………………………………….…………………………… The boys are interested in the game It is a popular game all over the world ………………………………………………….…………………………… 10 You have no need to tell me the reason You are often late for work for that reason ………………………………………………….…………………………… 11 We visited the people They are homeless after the flood ………………………………………………….…………………………… 12 I don’t like the films They have unhappy ending ………………………………………………….…………………………… 13 I know the man His son broke your windows ………………………………………………….…………………………… 14 The girl is very kind Her parents work with me ………………………………………………….…………………………… 15 The village has around 200 people The majority of them are farmers ………………………………………………….…………………………… 16 She hasn’t eat anything This makes her parents worried ………………………………………………….…………………………… 17 The student is from China He sits next to me 45 Tuyển sinh lớp 10 Teacher: Phạm Thị MaiTruong Chinh high school_Daknong ………………………………………………………………………………… 18 I thanked the woman This woman had helped me ………………………………………………………………………………… 19 Mr Pike is excellent I am taking his course ………………………………………………………………………………… 20 Shakespeare wrote plays People have enjoyed them for four centuries ………………………………………………………………………………… 46 [...]... một thời điểm trong quá khứ (Trong câu thường có các trạng từ: at that time, at this time + yesterday/ last… , at one/two/ three… o,clock +yesterday/ last…) 12 Tuyển sinh lớp 10 Teacher: Phạm Thị MaiTruong Chinh high school_Daknong EX: The children were sleeping at that time I was playing the Piano at this time yesterday - Diễn đạt một hành động, sự việc đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm trong quá khứ thì... Teacher: Phạm Thị MaiTruong Chinh high school_Daknong = If you don’t study hard , Cut your hair you will fail the exam or they won’t let you in = Unless you cut your hair , they won’t let you in = If you don’t cut your hair , they won’t let you in Ghi chú :- Sau mệnh đề If hoặc mệnh đề Unless phải có dấu phẩy (,) - Sau Unless không được dùng dạng phủ định (Ví dụ : không được viết Unless you don’t write)... there the day after Note: + Ta có thể dùng cấu trúc: whether + to infinitive sau các động từ wonder; want to know: Ex: “Shall I wait for them or go on ?”, he wondered  He wondered whether to wait for them or go on  He wondered whether he should wait for tyhem or go on + “whether” còn thường được dùng trong câu có mệnh đề điều kiện để tránh trường hợp có 2 từ “ If” Ex: “If you get the job, will you... I will call you If there is any important information PART 3: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES -Các trợ động từ hình thái như will, would, can, could thường xuất hiện trong các câu điều kiện Các câu điều kiện thường chứa từ if (nếu) - Câu điều kiện có 2 mệnh đề: Mệnh đề If và mệnh đề chính 19 Tuyển sinh lớp 10 Teacher: Phạm Thị MaiTruong Chinh high school_Daknong - Mệnh đề điều kiện (Mệnh đề if) có thể đứng trước... not = won,t ; shall not = shan,t EX: I won,t go to class late I promise We shan,t have Math tomorrow c Nghi vấn : Đảo will / shall ra trước chủ ngữ : EX: Will you go with me tomorrow ? 15 Will / Shall + S + VINF ? Tuyển sinh lớp 10 Teacher: Phạm Thị MaiTruong Chinh high school_Daknong Shall we have meat for lunch ? 2 Cách sử dụng: - Diễn đạt một hành động, sự việc sẽ xãy ra trong tương lai (Trong câu... 4: Rewrite the following sentences, using Conditional Sentences 1 Alan always overeats at lunch because he never eats breakfast If Alan cite breakfast, he wouldn't overeat at lunch 2 I don't know enough about the machine, so I can't mend it myself 23 Tuyển sinh lớp 10 Teacher: Phạm Thị MaiTruong Chinh high school_Daknong 3 I don't ride the bus to work every morning because... would have gone 19 If I …………., I would have said hello a had seen b see c saw d would see 20 I………… out if I hadn’t been so tired a will go b went c would have gone d would go 21 If I ……… a camera, I would have taken some pictures a have b had c would have d had had 22 You won’t pass the examination……………you study more a as long as b unless c if d whether 23 If only I …………you wanted to invest money in business... this , you ……………punished a are b will be c would be d should be Exercise 7 Identify the one that has a mistake by circling the corresponding letter A, B, C, D 71 If we will reduce the speed of population growth, there will be less pressure on the earth A B C D 72 Unless we leave a bowl of water under the sun, it will evaporate A B C D 73 If we continue to use fuels at the current rate, we would soon... từ trong mệnh đề tường thuật trong các trường hợp sau cho dù động từ tường thuật ở thì quá khứ đơn (Simple Past) a Động từ trong mệnh đề tường thuật ở câu nói trực tiếp có thời gian xác định Ex: He said, “I visted Uncle Ho’s Mausoleum in 1989” _ He said that he visited Uncle Ho’s Mausoleum in 1989 32 Tuyển sinh lớp 10 Teacher: Phạm Thị MaiTruong Chinh high school_Daknong b Mệnh đề tường thuật trong... MaiTruong Chinh high school_Daknong + “Shut the door, please” _ He told me to shut the door Form: Phủ định S + asked/told/ordered/advised/… + O + not + to infinitive + Ex: + He said, “Don’t shut the door” _ He asked me not to shut the door + She said to them, “Don’t be late tomorrow” _ He told them not to be late the next day + “Never do that again” _ She advised her son not to do that again + “Don’t