Tài liệu ôn thi vào lớp 10 môn Tiếng Anh biên soạn theo chương trình mới

joined in clusters Reading test 6 THE GULF STREAM The Gulf Stream or North Atlantic Drifts is the name given to the warm ocean current which flows in a north-easterly direction across

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TRẦN THỊ ÁI THANH

TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI VÀO LỚP 10

MÔN TIẾNG ANH

- Dành cho HS lớp 9 ôn tập và luyện thi vào lớp

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CONTENTS

A READING COMPREHENSION……… 3

B PRONUNCIATION……… 19

C USE OF ENGLISH……… 20

I Confusing words……… 20

II Vocabulary and grammar……… 23

III Word formation……… 30

IV Phrasal verbs and prepositions……… 36

V Lexical close……… 43

VI Structural close……… 43

VII.Sentence transformation……… 60

VIII Error correction……… 69

PRACTICE TEST 1……… 79

PRACTICE TEST 2……… 82

APPENDIX (PHỤ LỤC CÁC ĐỀ THI CỦA CÁC SỞ GD & ĐT)…… 88

ANSWER KEY……… 146

at the top of its cloud layer is at least 100 degrees F lower Saturn‟s theoretical construction resembles that of Jupiter; it is either all gas, or it has a small dense center surrounded by a layer of liquid and deep atmosphere

Saturn‟s system begins about 7,000 miles above the visible disk of Saturn, lying above its equator and extending about 35,000 miles into space The diameter of the ring system visible from the Earth is about 170,000 miles; the rings are estimated

to be no thicker than ten miles The ring particles are large chunks of material averaging a meter on each side

1 The word “its” in lines 3 and 4 refers to

A Saturn C Jupiter

B the sun D Earth

2 The word “that” in line 5 refers to

A the diameter C the atmosphere

B the rotational speed D the temperature

3 The word “it” in line 7 refers to

A Saturn‟s atmosphere C Saturn‟s theoretical construction

B Jupiter‟s cloud temperature D Saturn‟s ring system

4 According to the passage, which of the following is not a characteristic of Saturn’s ring system?

A It reaches 35,000 miles into space

B It can be seen from the Earth

C The rings are more than ten miles thick

D Most of the ring particles are around a meter thick

Reading test 2

LARGER PAINTINGS AND LARGER ARTISTS

Since 1997, the two artists, Vitaly Komar and Alexander Melamid, have been teaching elephants to paint with their trunks, and The Museum of Contemporary Art in Sydney is proud to be able to bring you an exhibition of their work Yes it‟s true, elephants are able to create colorful abstract artworks that are promoted and distributed by the Asian Elephant Art and Conservation Project The aim of the project instigators is to raise awareness of the plight of the Asian elephant whose numbers are steadily declining in countries such as Thailand, India and Indonesia Destruction of habitat, civil unrest and a ban on teak logging in many countries, together with government indifference has put many of the elephants and their mahouts out of work The situation is perilous and funds are urgently needed for elephant conservation

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At the conclusion of the exhibition at the Museum, painting by the elephants will be available for sale in an online auction accessible through the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) website, with the money going to elephant conservation across the Asia-Pacific region

Included in the exhibition area will be a resource room providing information and background on the careers of Komar and Melamid, as well as never-before-seen footage of Asian elephants learning to paint and interviews with supporters of the project, courtesy of the sponsor, Animal Planet

1 The kind of painting that the elephants have been able to learn produces

A realistic landscapes

B colorful but formless paintings

C photographic masterpieces

D artworks similar to kindergarten children

2 The numbers of elephants have been steadily declining because of

A the cessation of teak logging C lack of government action

B destruction of wild living areas D All of the above

3 It is hoped the painting will raise much-needed funds by means of

A sale of paintings at the Museum

B the production of a video

C combining with the firm, Animal Planet

D sale over the Internet

4 Visitors to the exhibition will be treated to

A a spectacular demonstration

B a rare insight into the training methods employed

C an informative lecture by the artists

D a free tour of the exhibition

5 In Sydney the exhibition is sponsored by

A Animal Planet C Komar and Melamid

B the Museum of Contemporary Art D the WWF

6 The word “plight” means

A need for conservation C uselessness

B sorry condition D home

7 From the passage, a mahout is likely to be

A a variety of wood C an elephant controller

B a forest worker D a forest conservationist

Reading test 3

BUYING A HOUSE

What a person earns annually is of prime importance when applying for a housing loan At the bank, building society, or other lending body, an officer with assess whether you will be able to make the necessary repayments

A new home may be purchased at any stage of its construction, usually through an estate agent An older house is worth considering because, with the help

of qualified tradesmen, these can be restored to your own requirements and budget

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It is usually your solicitor who negotiates with the vendor for the settlement

of the purchase of a property to take place The waiting period while these matters are being attended to, however, tries the patience of most homebuyers

It is unwise to saddle yourself with a huge loan It does not make good economic sense to be paying out large amounts of interest over long periods Legal fees and stamp duty have to be taken into consideration Most lending bodies have

a system that allows for mortgage repayment to be taken directly from your bank account In general it is best to choose a lending body that has a low rate of interest repayments You will need a Justice of the Peace to witness any financial arrangements that you may make and most banks, building societies and estate agents offer this service

1 The fitness of a person applying for a housing loan is usually determined

by

A His or her marital state C His or her annual income

B The size of the deposit D the rate of interest

2 A home can usually be purchased

A only when it has reached “look up” stage

B even though it is not fully completed

C when the Estate Agent receives his commission

D without using a solicitor

3 Purchasing an older home has a number of advantages

A It is usually cheaper and it can be restored to your own specifications

B There are more of them on the market and they are in better areas

C Most are close to public transport and it is fun to restore

D There are no government charges and councils are keen to help

4 An official loan to buy a house is called a

A bank loan c repayment schedule

B mortgage d saddle

5 The government charge that has to be paid when buying a house is

A a mortgage c stamp duty

B solicitor‟s fee d witness fees

6 Where can you go to get your signature witnessed by a Justice of the Peace?

A A bank c An estate agent

B A building society d Any of the preceding

Reading test 4

STORMS OF FURY

The largest and strongest of all storms are tropical cyclones, also known as hurricanes or typhoons They form over warm seas in summer and early autumn They begin near the equator and move south or north depending on the hemisphere they are in – they never cross the equator

Tropical cyclones contain vast amounts of energy which they get from the Sun and through evaporation of water from the warm ocean Most of these huge storms are over 200 kilometres wide In the centre of the storm there is a small, calm area called the “eye” The eye is surrounded by a wall of galeforce winds

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with heavy cloud and torrential rain Near the eye, wind speed may exceed 300 kilometres per hour

The whole system of swirling cloud, wind and rain moves erratically and so

it is difficult to predict exactly where a tropical cyclone will go and how fast it will travel When it moves into an area of cool sea it decays or weakens as it loses its source of energy If it crosses land it also weakens, but not before it causes great damage with fierce winds, hail and torrential rain Often a tropical cyclone whips

up giant storm waves into what is called “storm surge” When this happens, ships are driven around and much damage is done to coastal areas

1 The tropical cyclone

A has a number of names C begins in the Southern Ocean

B usually forms in autumn and winter D None of the above

2 The necessary conditions for tropical cyclones to develop are

A rain and strong winds C wind and vast amounts of energy

B warm seas and sunlight D strong winds and large waves

3 It is difficult to predict the path of the tropical cyclones because they are

A.often cross the equator C are surrounded by cloud

B.wander erratically D move so quickly

4 Tropical cyclones begin to dissipate when

A they have used all their water content

B the eye has passed

C they cross land or move away from the equator

D ships send up carbon dioxide rockets

Reading test 5

CORAL

The Great Barrier Reef stretches for 2000 kilometres along the Queenland coast It is not only the largest coral reef complex in the world but it is the biggest construction of any kind made by living animals; nothing made by humans comes close to being as large and extensive Approximately 2500 separate reefs make up the Great Barrier Reef; combined they would cover an area twice the size of England

The structures of Great Barrier Reef have been built by countless millions of minute animals called “polyps” Each of these minute, soft-bodied animals builds

an exceedingly small, cup-like home of corallite (lime) to live and to give it support and protection These limestone apartments are joined together in huge clusters like blocks of flats – sometimes tall and pointed and sometimes low and spreading

To thrive, coral polyps need a constant environment of warm water that is clear and shallow with enough movement to carry plankton, the even smaller floating animal food, to the non-moving polyps

The shallow continental shelf off the Queenland coast, particularly along the outer edge, provides ideal conditions for the tiny coral animals

1 The Great Barrier Reef is located

A off the coast of New South Wales

B off the coast of Queenland

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C in central Australia

D off the coast of Northern Territory

2 Corallite is a form of

A limestone C water current

B animal bones D sandstone

3 To thrive, coral polyps need

A moving water to bring a food supply

B warm, clear water without sediment

C shallow depth of sea

D All of the preceding

4 Coral polyps are linked to their neighbours by

A muscular material C pointed tentacles

B corallite D internal walls

5 In the passage, the word “minute” means

A growing for a short time C tiny

B single-celled D joined in clusters

Reading test 6

THE GULF STREAM

The Gulf Stream (or North Atlantic Drifts) is the name given to the warm ocean current which flows in a north-easterly direction across the Atlantic Ocean from North America towards Europe The name would suggest that this current is formed in the Gulf of Mexico, but it is really an extension of the Equatorial Current The Equatorial Current is formed by strong Trade Winds which blow onto the north-east coast of South America

The current of the Gulf Stream has a temperature of about 280C and a speed of about 8 kilometres an hour It is about 80 kilometres wide at the Equator and 470 metres deep as it passes the tip of Florida Just north of Florida it is joined by another warm current, the North Equatorial Current Both flow along the coast of North America until they are diverted to the east by the shape of land and the westerly winds that blow at latitudes around 400 When the combined current reaches the British Isles it divided again, part going north-east through the British Channel and part, the larger part going on to Norway The warm waters of the Gulf Stream finally peter out in the cold seas of the North Atlantic

Not only are the coastal bays and inlets of Britain, France, Denmark and Norway kept free of ice in winter, but also the westerly winds that blow over the current are warmed by the Gulf Stream They pock up and carry much more moisture than they would otherwise and so the high rainfalls of Western Europe depend in large part upon the presence of the Gulf Stream

1 What is the alternate name for the Gulf Stream?

A The Equatorial Current C The North Atlantic Drift

B The North America Current D The North Equatorial Current

2 What causes the Gulf Stream to change direction towards Europe?

A The shape of the land

B The westerly winds

C Pressure from the Labrado (cold) current

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D The land direction and the westerly winds

3 What effect does the Gulf Stream have upon the ports of Western Europe?

A There is very little effect C It causes high rainfalls totals

B It helps to keep them free of ice D It helps the fishing industry

4 What happens to the westerly winds as they blow over the Gulf Stream?

A They become colder

B They become warmer and driver

C They lose moisture

D They become warmer and pick up moisture

5 What is the most important effect of the Gulf Stream?

A To change the climate of Western Europe

B To increase rainfall in Western Europe

C To increase temperature in Western Europe

D To cause North America to be colder

6 What does “peter out” mean?

A Augment B Dissipate C Divert D Avoid

Reading test 7

QUICKSAND

If you are a long-time fan of bad, B-grade movies, you will, no doubt, have seen variety of people disappearing into quicksand morass The “goodies” usually manage to survive by grabbing hold of a conveniently-placed branch or vine, while the “baddies” are sucked to a timely and well-deserved death Nothing remains of them except a few satisfying bubbles and a floating hat

Not really Quicksand is so much denser than water, fresh or salt, that is impossible for a human body, which is marginally less dense, to sink completely This is not to say that something really dense, like a train or a car, can‟t silk in quicksand Nor is it to say that you won‟t die if you fall in Quicksand clings, and

if you can‟t get out within a reasonable time, the hydrostatic pressure on the body can eventually render mortal damage to internal organs and quite possibly prevent you from breathing

Adventurers planning to travel alone through know quicksand territory should carry a strong pole, not so much to test the sand, but to assist you to get out if need

be, the trick is to try to flop backwards on the stick, then, once your rate of sinking has stabilised, try to manoeuver the pole so that it is under your hips Then slowly try to free your legs fully Once you achieve this you are as good as out Carefully roll across the top of the quick sand to the nearest solid ground

Few animals can rescue themselves from quicksand A dog might if someone is there to encourage it to work towards a given point A horse will manage too, but quickly becomes exhausted without guidance Cattle almost always panic and drown in quicksand The only way to get them out is by getting a rope around their neck and pulling However, once on dry land, don‟t be too surprised if they attack you – they have no sense of gratitude

1 The article explains that

A it is quite possible for people to disappear completely in quicksand

B it is unlikely that a human will disappear beneath the surface of quicksand

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C “baddies” are only found in B-grade movies

D “goodies” deserve to be rescued

2 The article explains that

A it is impossible to escape from quicksand

B the best way to get out is to work towards a point

C hydrostatic pressure can cause death by suppressing body function

D to avoid danger you must control your breathing

3 From the article one can infer that they key to survive is to

A call quickly for help

B try to get on top of a rope by flopping backwards on it

C wait until you float back to the surface

D use a rope to pull yourself out

4 In the passage the word “mortal” means

A inoperable B sufficient C casual D deadly

Reading test 8

SALIVA

Saliva, the common name is spit, is produced by glands inside the mouth Saliva secreted by these glands is injected into the mouth when required by the chewing action Saliva‟s main job is to lubricate food that has been masticated so that it will pass more easily down the oesophagus to the stomach A secondary function is to help carry flavour to the taste buds located on the tongue

Saliva also contains enzymes which are chemicals manufactured by the body

to assist in the break down and digestion of food, so this is a third function of saliva If you continued to chew a dry cracker biscuit it would eventually begin to taste sweet This occurs because the starch in the biscuit is being broken down by the saliva into sugars

Most animals have some form of saliva containing enzymes The fly, for example, although it is no teeth or jaws to masticate food, secretes saliva directly onto food

to liquefy it, then sucks up the resulting mixture

1 The most important function of saliva is

A enzyme production C mastication

B tasting D lubrication

2 Enzymes are

A manufactured by the bod C an aid to digestion

B found in saliva D All of the preceding

3 The tube connecting the mouth and the stomach is called

A the tongue C the oesophagus

B the canal D the neck

4 The word “masticate” means

A lubricate C produce enzymes

B split D chew

5 The enzymes in saliva have the ability to

A make food more slippery C convert starches into sugar

B produce chemicals in saliva D transfer flavour to the taste buds

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Reading test 9 (*)

Read through the following text and choose from the list A –F the best phrase

to fit each space The exercise begins with an example (0)

THE ROOTS OF DISCIPLINE

Humour is strong and flexible Tragedy is brittle If we change all our children‟s misdeeds into tragedy, (0)……F… If all their mistakes are exposed and judged, as before the High Court, they will swiftly feel themselves to be victims of an unyielding system Soon they feel that not only what they did was bad, (1)………

But if a child can make mistakes in safety, (2)………, or through laughter, his trust and feeling of parental acceptance is not destroyed The lesson will, however, still be learned Humour defuses a situation; (3)………

Quite simply, the best way to convey discipline to our children is to discipline ourselves We are the signposts to our children‟s futures, (4)…………

It makes sense to take responsibility for our own actions, and respect and accept our own feelings (5)………… We are then less likely to hide behind a liberal or

an authoritarian mask that is unable to reflect the full range of our feelings

A and they are always looking to use to see where to go

B but that they are intrinsically bad, too

C learn through the warmth of a cuddle

D seriousness augments it

E before we discipline the child

F they soon learn the unhappiness of existence

THE FASCINATION OF THE DESERT

The desert is probably the most difficult environment in the world for plants, animals and humans to survive in Yet deserts cover about a third of the earth‟s surface and about thirteen per cent of the world‟s population live in them

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As well as being dry, the temperatures are extremely high in the desert They often reach 400C and can even reach 500C Amazing though, during winter nights, temperatures can fall below freezing, even resulting in frost

2…………

The wind also helps from the desert‟s landscape Most people imagine deserts to be huge, flat places In fact, the wind can create mountains of sand called sand dunes which can be 1,000 metres high

3…………

Yet despite their unique climate and strange landscape, deserts have something in common with the rest of the Earth‟s environments They are

A Another extreme aspect of the climate is strong winds These are typical in

the Sahara Desert where winds can blow for days bringing huge amounts of dust and sand with them

B One of the results of this increase in heat is desertification – the growth of

our deserts Already, in the last 50 years, the Sahara Desert has grown to cover an extra 650,000 square kilometres

C One of the reasons why survival in the desert is so hard is that the climate is

so extreme There is very little rain and in some places, it doesn‟t rain for years For example, at one point there was no rain for forty years In the Atacama Desert in Chile

D People also imagine that the desert is simply covered in sand In reality, sand

covers just 20 per cent of the world‟s deserts The rest is areas of rocks and stones and massive cliffs

Reading test 11

1 Read the text quickly Match the descriptions 1-4 to the inventions A-C there’s one description you do not need

a It‟s an invention that saves lives

b It helps you to do housework

c It‟s a device that knows when you‟re coming

d It makes everything easier

AMAZING NEW INVENTIONS

Every year, more and more amazing things are invented Here are three of our favourites for this year

A Fukuda’s Automatic Door

Can you imagine a door that fits around your body as you walk through it? Fukuda‟s Automatic Door was designed in Japan by an inventor named Rikiya Fukada It automatically identifies movement and only opens just enough to match the shape of the person or object coming through So, what are the advantages? It saves energy by helping to keep the same temperature in a room It can also prevent dirt and other materials from being carried inside As well as people, the Automatic Door works for small objects, like packages delivered to a post office,

or for larger things, such as a car coming through a garage door

B The Hand Roll Piano

Travelling musicians will be happy with this invention The Hand Roll Piano was invented by the Japanese company Yamano Music What makes it different is that it can be rolled up like a blanket This makes it easier to carry and easier to store The keyboard is 100 cm long but weighs just 1 kg it has 61 very thin keys and is made of rubber It‟s convenient to carry, but it‟s also a great instrument

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The piano can be played for up to 15 hours on standard batteries It has more than

100 sounds and its own speaker

C The LifeStraw

Today, more than one billion people in the world do not have safe water However, it‟s been discovered that for the price of a cup of coffee, a life can be saved The LifeStraw, which costs just $3, is a device for purifying water It is able

to turn dirty water into drinking water The drinking straw was designed by the Swiss-based company Vestergaard Fradsen It uses seven types of filter to make water clean enough to drink It can prevent illnesses and it can also create safe drinking water for victims of hurricanes, earthquakes or other disasters

2 Read the text again and say which section A-C mentions

an object that is surprisingly light

something that was invented in Europe

a very cheap invention

a way of keeping a place cleaner

an invention that recognizes size

people who need to carry their equipment

1………

2………

3………

4………

5………

6………

Reading test 12

Reading the article about visiting the UK Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-I for each part (1-7) of the article There is one extra heading which you do not need to use There is an example at the beginning (0)

A Contrasts in capital

B Places to avoid

C Fascinating variety

D A step in the right direction

E Sensitive to social position

F Shocking cost

G Top cuisine

H Travel troubles

I Moving north

STUNNING BRITAIN

0 G

The latest edition if the single World Guide declares boldly that Britain is a stunning place to visit in most every day In addition to positive descriptions of the country in general, there are numerous comments that will comes as a surprise to many who feel this country has little to boast about when it comes to gastronomy The guide claims that the best of British food is very bit the equal of French cooking Are those horror stories about overcooked vegetables and tasteless meat a thing of the past?

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Well, not quite The guide does mention that a number of cheap cafes still serve unappetising and unhealthy meals that would be virtually tasteless if they didn‟t have large quantities of brown sauce While the inspectors – two from

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Britain, four from other countries – seem frankly amazed that such establishments still exist, they also note that there are fewer of them than was the case ten years ago, when the last edition of the guide was published

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However, many tradition aspects of the country receive favorable reviews in this guide, from traditional pubs servings fine ale and excellent snacks to the magnificent heritage sites, cathedrals and castles In fact, the inspectors seem most impressed by the blend of the ancient and modern that can be found all over the country, but especially in London, where the traditional and innovative rub shoulders

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Special mention is made of two cities that have emerged relatively recently

as vibrant, exciting locations for culture and entertainment, able to rival cities in the south Manchester and Glasgow are described as warm and energetic, definitely places for the visitor to the UK to see

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There are, of course, some words of warming for the traveler to this island

A number of famous tourist attraction are described as over-rated and over-priced, with Buckingham palace prominent in the list of sights that the visitor could well

do without seeing, whatever the hype attached to them

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The guide makes the point of recommending specific areas of many cities where ethnic diversity can be enjoyed and celebrated, with shops and restaurant offering goods from all over the world In many cases, these establishments are fun

by people who came to Britain as immigrants and have enriched the society with aspects of their own highly interesting cultures

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The guide concludes its summary of Britain by mentioning the curious, fashioned class consciousness to be found there Some English still judge each other according to their place of birth, school, accent, family, name and family wealthy, rather than their individual personality and skills For a small percentage

old-of English people, class remains an important factor

Reading test 13

Reading a newspaper article in which people talk about things they collect For questions 1-10, choose from the people A-D The people may be chosen more than once

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WHICH COLLECTOR(S)

has a system for recording information about the items in their collection? 1 admits to being a compulsive collectors? 2 buy items for their collections from other countries 3 exchange things with other people as well as buying new things? 4 collect things which are made of woods? 5 has bought items for their collection by post? 6 have several thousand items in their collection? 7 prefers old items to their modern equivalents? 8 started to be interested in the items they collected as a child? 9 collects things that occur naturally? 10

B My collection of rocks and fossils contains about 950 specimens Most of them were found by me or my family during trips to the mountains It is not easy to organise a large collection like this It‟s impossible to remember everything I solved the problem by sticking a small numbered label to each item A computer database contains all the items For each specimen it included its name, the place and date when it was found, and a special code which tells me which shelf the specimen on, so that I can find it quickly whenever I want

C My collection is composed of ordinary wooden pencils Altogether I have three thousand- almost all of them were bought new here in the UK, but some come from the US, Europe, South Africa, Australia and even Russia I am not very focused – I buy pretty well every pencil that I see, including souvenir pencils – and promotional pencils As well as many, many new pencils, the Internet has enabled me to get hold of a large number of old pencils – mainly by swaps In the US, it‟s also relatively common to find old pencils in street markets and the like

D For some reason, I collect weird tissue box covers So instead of having boring tissue boxes like most people, mine are dressed up in all different kinds of covers I‟ve been collecting them since about 1997 or so I bought some of them from mail order catalogues, but I really started getting interested when I realised how many weird covers there were for sale on the Internet I saw one that I like, then there was another – I couldn‟t stop myself buying, and it sort of

be concluded that the productivity of American workers will lag behind their Japanese counterparts, until mandatory exercise programs are introduced

The conclusion of the argument is valid if which one of the following is assumed?

A Even if exercise programs do not increase productivity, they will improve

the American worker‟s health

B The productivity of all workers can be increased by exercise

C Exercise is an essential factor in the Japanese worker‟s superior

productivity

D American workers can adapt to the longer Japanese work week

E American corporations don‟t have the funds to build elaborate exercises

facilities

Passage 2 (*)

The traditional English wooden house was built to insure strength and durability The house was built on a sturdy frame of heavy timbers about a foot thick These were held together by cutting down the end of one beam into a tongue which was then fitted into a groove in the adjoining beam This kind of construction required shaping tongues and grooves, making wooden pegs, and fitting all these neatly together

It can be inferred that traditional English houses

A required the tools and the training of a skilled carpenter

B took as long as a year to complete

C were sturdier and more durable than the houses built today

D are no longer being built

Passage 3 (*)

About 750 million acres, or one-third of the land in the United States, is covered with forests All fifty states have forest lands The forests provide trees for building materials, paper, fuel, and a variety of other uses They help clean the air, protect water supplies, and make a home for wildlife They are a major source of recreational opportunities for people and are the basis of hundreds of thousands of jobs

It can be inferred from the paragraph that

A forests in the United States have been replanted

B Americans prefer houses built from wood

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C the number of jobs in forests is increasing

D industrialized and urbanized states have forests

Passage 4 (*)

Vegetables, in the proper combinations, can provide all of the nutrients necessary for human life A mixture of whole grains and legumes, for instance, contains protein, and the major vitamin and mineral groups can easily be represented in an all-vegetable diet What‟s more, a little culinary imagination can make a vegetarian feast as varied and interesting as any meal based around meat Given these facts, it‟s certainly time that we outlaw the raising and slaughtering of domestic livestock and turn to the wider cultivation of high nutrition crops

Which one of the following is a major flaw of the argument above?

A The author does not provide a full definition of the terms used in argument

B The author bases the conclusion on an inappropriate analogy

C The evidence provided by the author does not sufficiently support the

nutrition crops is feasible

D The author employs circular reasoning in making the argument

Passage 5 (*)

The telephone system makes contacting customers easier, and customers can also phone in orders Personal computers and the Internet have revolutionized how people buy and sell The nationwide system old highways, on which large trucks can travel, enables huge quantities of goods to be transported over great distances

in a very short time Sales workers, travelling by road or air, can visit numerous customers every week

Which one of the following can be concluded from the paragraph?

A The telephone will soon be superseded by personal computers and the

Internet

B Improvements in communications and transportation have influenced

commerce

C Changes in technology have made human society more complex

D Travelling by road is less necessary because of telephones and the Internet

E None of these

Passage 6 (*)

In a study of crime, it was estimated that over 60 percent of all major property crimes-auto thefts, burglaries and robberies in the city during 1986 were committed by a group of 350 persistent offenders It was also found that over half

of the major property crimes were committed by individuals who were addicted to drugs

If the statements above are true, which of the following must also be true?

A Some of the 350 persistent offenders in the city are also drug addicts

B All of the 350 persistent offenders in the city are also drug addicts

C Most drug addicts eventually become persistent offenders

D Persistent offenders and drug addicts do not omit crimes other than major

property crimes

Passage 7 (*)

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Marriage in some cultures has traditionally depended on a “dowry” That means that the bride must bring to her husband and his family a certain amount of goods Sometimes her parents provided her with the goods sometimes the prospective bride made them herself with her spinning wheel and needle and in some places the girls would work for wages with which they would buy the essentials which would form her dowry In some other cultures, marriage depends on a “bride-price” This means the prospective husband gives goods to the bride‟s family

On the basis of the above information which of the following must be true?

A In bride-price culture, women have greater need to earn wage

B In dowry cultures the man is the life-long provider of the family

C In dowry cultures, women might have to wait longer before they are ready

for marriage

D In bride-price cultures, but not in dowry cultures, the woman is considered

the property of the man

E None of these

Passage 8 (*)

In the late Middle Ages, England owed its wealth to its very successful wood industry The makers of wooden textiles included many women Spinning wool into yam was a major occupation of unmarried girls- thus the word “spinster” Girls would spin to make clothes for themselves and their relatives, for their future martial home, or they would send the yam for money to feed themselves and their family There is reason to believe that the importance of these girls to textile production explains the relatively late marriage age in England

What might be the association between women‟s textile production and late marriage?

A Wool was associated with cold weather

B England might have had a man shortage

C Other countries might have had later marriage

D Unmarried women could be an economic asset to the family

E None of these

Passage 9 (*)

A survey of a thousand teenagers, which has been conducted this year, discovered an increased in the percentage of Year 8 students who smoke It seems that unfortunately the smoking rate amongst 13-year-olds is rising

Which of the following, if true, would challenge the author‟s opinion?

A There is less cigarette advertising for jobs than there was twenty years ago

B There is more competition for jobs than in the past and thus teenagers suffer

more trees

C Smoking is declining in the general population

D Twenty years ago many students left school at fifteen – especially those

most likely to smoke

E None of these

Passage 10 (*)

To improve the eating and exercise habits of its students, one school introduced

a health program At first this took the form of classes in nutrition and the body‟s

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essential needs Then the school took the bold step of prohibiting all artificially sweetened and fatty foods at the school canteen so that the students would have healthy salad rolls and fruit for their lunch Then they discovered that the students were sneaking out to the local shops to buy sweets and chips

Which of the following best describes the school‟s mistaken assumption?

A The idea that people eat what they are fed rather than what they desire

B The idea that advertising induces bad eating habits in teenagers

C The idea that the school can control what young people eat at home after

B Banning all non-biogradable materials and products from the local stores

C Installing recycling bins for paper, glass and aluminum on her back veranda

D The introduction of a biodegradable bag as strong and useful as a plastic

it There is a clear distinction assumed between one who is supposed to know (and therefore not capable of being wrong) and another, usually younger person who is supposed not to know However, teaching need not be the province of a special group of people nor need it be looked upon as a technical skill Teaching can be more like guiding and assisting than forcing information into a supposed empty head If you have a certain skill you should be able to share it with someone You

do not have to get certified to convey what you know to someone else or to help them in their attempt to teach themselves All of us, from the very youngest children to the oldest members of our cultures should come to realize our own potential as teachers We can share what we know, however little it might be, with someone who has need of that knowledge or skill

Select the statement that best expresses the main idea of the paragraph

A The author believes that it is not difficult to be a good teacher

B The author believes that every person has the potential to be a teacher

C The author believes that teaching is a professional activity requiring special

training

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D The author believes that teaching is a flow of knowledge from a higher

source to an empty container

E None of these

B PRONUNCIATION

I Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from

the others

1 A theatre B that C with D the

2 A heat B wear C meat D seat

3 A weeks B thousands C bags D years

4 A these B complete C equal D emblem

5 A come B gone C long D want

6 A dove B world C money D love

7 A walked B needed C laughed D brushed

8 A.exercise B choose C because D increase

9 A.chemistry B orchestra C machine D mechanic

10 A.message B measure C gymnastics D pleasure

11 A.cook B wood C look D soup

12 A.daughter B cause C aunty D autumn

13 A piece B guitar C pretty D busy

14 A money B period C some D onion

15 A climb B.comb C doubt D black

II Choose the word with a different stress pattern from the others

1 A answer B agree C allow D attract

2 A pronounce B provide C promise D prefer

3 A middle B minute C mission D mistake

4 A product B postpone C postcard D purpose

5 A comfortable B accomplished C secretary D necessary

6 A economics B education C economy D scientific

7 A tunnel B arrival C become D remove

8 A excursion B commercial C socialize D attention

9 A suggestion B vegetables C traditional D existence

10 A include B advantage C replace D introduce

11 A childhood B forgetful C impossible D unhappy

12 A culture B contribute C gather D teenage

13 A serious B.marriage C mention D arrival

14 A suggestion B electricity C independent D conservation

15 A reliable B achieve C university D consider

III Choose the word that has the main stress on the first syllable

1 A concern B commercial C comedy D comedian

2 A performance B advantage C towards D playwright

3 A suggestion B tragedy C traditional D prediction

4 A frightened B believe C develop D annoy

5 A execution B commercial C audience D direction

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6 A musician B relation C economy D violin

7 A history B consider C achieve D guitar

8 A designer B actor C include D replace

9 A bamboo B adventure C menu D ambition

10 A gratitude B delightful C responding D expression

IV Choose the word that has the stress pattern provided

1 ooO A relation B romantic C pessimistic D entertain 2.ooOo A investigate B communication C scientific D reliable 3.oOoo A geology B economic C nationality D mathematics 4.Ooo A universe B electric C musician D excitement 5.oOo A produce B encourage C wonderful D government

6 oO A nation B public C describe D bookshop 7.Oo A explain B compete C introduce D bedroom 8.Oooo A celebrate B photocopy C authority D unimportant

V Write the words from the box in the correct column according to their

stress pattern

personal human decorate society legal

nationality photography entertainment population sociology

C USE OF ENGLISH

I CONFUSING WORDS

Exercise 1

Choose the correct word for each sentence

1 The train has been (delayed/ postponed) by 10 minutes

2 Did you (notice/ remark) what he was wearing?

3 Please (bring/ take) that book over here

4 She loves reading about the (last/ latest) fashion

5 They were (delighted/ delightful) that she had won

6 He (laid/ lay) down on the sand and went to sleep

7 The bus leaves from the (station/ stop) nearest the office

8 He put up in a big (note/ notice) advertising the concert

9 We (wait for/ expect) him to arrive tomorrow morning

10 1066 is one of the most (historical/ historic) moments in British history

11 They (robbed/ stole) him of all his money

12 My teacher (complemented/ complimented) me on my essay She said it was the best thing she had read for a long time

13 I find it impossible to sleep because of the (continuous/ continual) noise from the party in the flat above

14 What I thought was a genuine Van Gogh turned out to be a forgery As a result, the painting is now quite (worthless/ invaluable)

15 It‟s too hot Let‟s go and sit in the (shadow/ shade) for a while

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Exercise 2

Choose the correct word for each sentence

1 I bought my (stationary/ stationery) from this shop

2 Sulin is a member of the student (counsel/ council)

3 Justin is an (eminent/ imminent) figure in the advertising industry

4 Your handwriting is so (illegible/ eligible) I cannot read what you have written

5 These images are designed to (illicit/ elicit) sympathy from the viewers of the charity show

6 In this country, temples are considered very (scared/ scared) places

7 The government has given their (assent/ ascent) to build a casino on that island

8 Sorry, I have no (access/ assess) to this room You may wish to check with the security personnel

9 Take this painkiller It can (alleviate/ elevate) your pain

10 Everything has been ironed (except/ accept) this pair of pants

11 The residents of Nias have been very much (affected/ effected) by the recent earthquake

12 Can you please (advice/ advise) as to what I should do regarding this naughty student?

13 The beautiful bride walked down the (isle/ aisle), accompanied by her father

14 I recorded what happened today in my (diary/ dairy)

15 The manager (misused/ abused) the funds intended for the dental care of her workers

Exercise 3

Choose the correct word for each sentence

1 The outback‟s of Australia are mostly (deserts/ desserts)

2 The burden proved too much for her to (bare/ bear) so she collapsed

3 This cloth is very (course/ coarse) It would not be suitable for making pajamas

4 You (ensure/ insure) that everything goes on smoothly, we have to run through the procedure a few times

5 The birds (migrated/ emigrated) to the warm south to escape the harsh winter

6 The (allusion/ illusion) of a body being cut into two inside the box is but a trick

7 I (ransacked/ rummaged) through the drawer to look for the missing key

8 This oven special digital features, unlike the common (contemporary/ conventional) ones

9 She was (credited/ rewarded) with a gold pen for her contribution to the project

10 The (principal/ principle) of this school has arrived

11 Susie (lies/ lays) her dress on the bed and wonders if she would wear it to the party

12 Can you please (take/ fetch) her to the bus stop?

13 The rising sun (emerged/ immerged) from the horizon

14 Dr Wee is a (human/ humane) physician He treats the poor for free

15 Where exactly do you (live/ stay)?

Exercise 4

Choose the correct word for each sentence

1 When the (brake/ break) of a car is engaged, it will not move

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2 The store has a (wide/ big) range of products

3 Mrs Husher, an (affirm/ infirm) elderly, is a resident at the Home for the Elderly

4 I will let you know my decision (later/ latter)

5 Why don‟t you (accede/ exceed) to my request for once?

6 The dream was so (clear/ vivid) it seemed real

7 This species of tropical insects has (adapted/ adopted) well to winder climates

8 People who (violate/ break) the law should be punished

9 She was (credible/ credulous) enough to believe his lies

10 The perfume (diffused/ defused) through the room and left a pleasant fragrance

11 The only (criteria/ criterion) for entering this café is that you must be formally dressed

12 An effective couple always (complements/ compliments) each another in strengths and weaknesses

13 The (current/ currant) trend amongst teenagers today is to own a handphone

14 When you leave this place, please remember to (take/ bring) this souvenir with you

15 The police arrived at the accident scene and (disbursed/ dispersed) the crowd

Exercise 5

Choose the correct word for each sentence

1 The motorist admitted to (breaking/ passing) the speed limit

2 Julie is (envious/ jealous) of the doll that Jane has She has never owned one as exquisite before

3 The gangsters decided to settle their differences in a (dual/ duel)

4 We do not see eye to eye regarding this matter because our opinions (differ/ vary)

5 We she passed her examination with flying colors, she shouted joyous (exhilaration/ exaltation)

6 Please pass me that (hangar/ hanger) so that I can drape my dress

7 We need to (instill/ install) good values in our young ones

8 From the evidence, the detective (inferred/ implied) that the killing took place

11 So sorry, I must have (overlooked/ overseen) this area of work

12 Tom climbed to the top of the wall to take a (peep/ peek) at what his neighbors were doing

13 This tuition centre is constantly expanding the (perimeters/ parameters) of is curriculum

14 Mali is (persecuted/ prosecuted) by her own parents for choosing Christianity over their family religion

15 This is a (personal/ personnel) matter, please do not interfere

Exercise 6

23

Choose the correct word for each sentence

1 Next year we‟re going on a cheap (package/ charter) holiday to Portugal

2 That colour doesn‟t (fit/ suit) you

3 It was a tough decision to (make/ do)

4 The coach trip to Bruges was fully (booked/ reserved)

5 Don‟t you know that never liked egg (yolk/ yoke)?

6 This (troop/ troupe) of performers are from London and they are good in their craft

7 We cannot understand Sandra at times because she speaks English with a Japanese (accent/ assent)

8 Are you meeting your (perspective/ prospective) husband today?

9 A sting from this insect can be (fatal/ fateful)

10 Her (empathies/ sympathies) lie with her family and she is bound to take sides with them

11 To start a business, you would need (capital/ capitol)

12 In (adverse/ averse) circumstances, we must learn to be flexible

13 Her explanation is so confusing and (ambiguous/ ambivalent) that I have no idea what he is talking about

14 She bought the hand-carved elephant as a (souvenir/ memory) of the sarafi

15 Can you help me to pass this (message/ massage) to her?

Exercise 7

Choose the correct word for each sentence

1 The footballer was suspended for (foul/ fowl) play

2 There will be an (aural/ oral) examination next week The teacher will give you some tips on how to sharpen your conversation skills

3 If there is no (cohesion/ adhesion) in the group, it is difficult to forge unity

4 My wallet was (stolen/ robbed) right under my nose, yet I was not even aware

7 It is already (past/ passed) two o‟clock and she is still not here yet

8 Do not walk through the dark (alley/ ally) at night alone as it can be dangerous

9 The counselor has been asked to (mediate/ meditate)a parent-teacher dispute

10 The dead bird was (laying/ lying) on the floor for the longest time but no one took notice of it

11 Can you please help me to (sew/ sow) this button onto the skirt?

12 The little girl (wandered/ wondered) off without her mother‟s knowledge

13 Since Sally did not mention that she is coming for this party, Jane (assumes/ presumes) that she is not coming

14 Joan has gone (aboard/ abroad) the ship

15 It is not your (fault/ mistake) that she fell down It was purely an accident

II VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

Exercise 1

24

1 Lots of people ………… yoga to relax

A take up B give up C practice D make

2 With the availability of the Internet, we are able to get ……… too much more information than people in the past

A excess B access C assess D incest

3 We ……… a lot of sightseeing when we were in Athens

A made B forget C saw D had

4 Don‟t ……… to bring a hairdryer I‟ll lend you mine

A mind B forget C bother D worry

5 The building was badly ……… in the fire

A hurt B wounded C damaged D injured

6 I ……… you‟d like another cat, would you?

A reckon B suspect C don‟t know D don‟t suppose

7 The house I grew up ……… has been demolished and replaced by an office building

A in B in it C in that D in which

8 Her father……… that Helen had been to Prague before

A mentioned B persuaded C reminded D told

9 Don‟t be silly! That ……… possibly be Madonna!

A can‟t B shouldn‟t C won‟t D mustn‟t

10 You ……… have told me that my skirt was split!

A needn‟t B must C all D might

11 If you don‟t mind, I ……… finish my coffee before leaving

A would B would have C would like D would rather

12 I‟m ……… a swimmer as my sister

A better B good as C not as good D so good

13 My computer……… old, but it still works very well

A can B may C could D would

14 Something ……… happened or they would be here by now

A must B must have been C must be D must have

15 His phone must be out of order I‟ve rung several times but haven‟t been able to

……… him

A speak B discover C meet D contact

16 Fieldwork is practical work ……… outside the school or office

A doing B done C which do D that does

17 Flights kept ……… because of bad weather

A delaying B having delayed

C being delayed D having been delayed

18 The teachers were talking about the trip to see castles and the students were wondering…………

A why to go B where they go

C when it was D what were they

19 ………to the bank manager‟s loan, Gerald‟s struggling company managed to stay solvent

A With thanks B Thank you C Thanks D Gratefully

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20 He is tired now He ……….the gardening for hours

A is doing B has been doing C did D does

Exercise 2

1 Cuba is ……….sugar growing areas in the world

A largest B one of largest

C one the the largest D one of the larger

2 He is ……….to lift his weight

A not enough strong B enough strong

C strong not enough D not strong enough

3 ……….open the window for you?

A Should I do B Shall I C Do I D Shall I do

4 They were too late The plane ……….off ten minutes

A took B was taking C was taken D had taken

5 Hoi An is famous ……….its old streets

A for B of C to D about

6 I ……….she will agree about giving you a pay rise

A hardly think B think hard C hard think D think hardly

7 The context ……….which you learn something can affect how well you remember it

A of B in C to D for

8 Do you know the woman ……….over there?

A sits B who sit C sitting D sat

9 ……….the gold medal, he will have to do better than that

A To win B So he wins

C So that he wins D Winning

10 ……….you tell me the price of these shoes, please?

A Could B May C Ought D Do

11 We spent a year ……….this boat

A to build B building C over building D for building

12 Wild animals are ……….almost everywhere

A Serious threatened B Seriously threaten

C Seriously threatened D Serious threaten

13 Do you mind ………the cooking?

A doing B to do C make D making

14 The children were completely fascinated ………

A on the story the teacher told them

B by the story the teacher told them

C by the teacher told story

D on the story telling them by the teacher

15 If I were you, I ………him as my nephew

A would treat B will have treated

C am treating D will treat

16 The driver was badly……… in the accident

A destroyed B injured C broken D died

17 My little sister is very good………… drawing

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A in B of C on D at

18 Jane‟s glasses are on the desk, so she………be there

A ought B shall C must D will

19 I expect……….a postcard from my father in England today

A Being received B to be receiving C receiving D to receive

20 My boss is angry with me I didn‟t do all the work………last week

A should do B should have done

C could do D must have done

Exercise 3

1 My mother works…….…….a secretary for a big company

A like B as C similar D unlike

2 Last night I dreamed ………a spaceship that landed in my garden

A in B at C for D about

3 My mother is very busy at work and she usually doesn‟t come home

………very late at night

A after B before C at D until

4 Who can suggest a good ………to this problem?

A result B key C solution D answer

5 If you put your trust ………me, I‟ll not let you………

A in/on B on/off C in/down D to/down

6 Can you tell me how long Mary and John ………married?

A have been B are C was D will be

7 “I have never seen such a perfect thing on you” –“………….”

A Haven‟t you? C Really?

B I am so happy D Thank you That‟s a nice compliment

8 “…………” –“Thank you I‟m glad you like it.”

A Congratulations! You have a beautiful motorbike

B The motorbike is beautiful

C Where did you buy this motorbike?

D I didn‟t know you bought a motorbike

9 My little brother is very …………collecting sea shells

A keen in B keen on C fond on D interested of

10 “I am sorry for being late.” – She …………for being late

A apologized B regretted C admitted D denied

11 I have not finished that report yet despite…………

A of working overtime last night B To work overtime last night

C working overtime last night D I worked overtime last night

12 “………… do you participate in extracurricular activities?” -“Never”

A What B How long C How D How often

13 “Could you recommend me a shop ………… I can buy a reliable laptop?”

A which B where C how D that

14 December is the time of the year ………….the weather in Da Lat is the coldest

A which B where C when D whose

15 Parents often object ………….their children‟s playing computer games

A of B about C at D to

27

16 Many goods ………….in China are now not very saleable in Vietnam

A manufacturing B manufactured C manufacture D to manufacture

17 You ………….keep out of that room It‟s private

A don‟t have to B might not C must D could

18 We‟re busy tomorrow so we ………….have time to visit you We aren‟t sure

A must not B might not C ought to D can

19 I only eat ………….meat

A a little B too few C too much D a few

20 Amelia ………….have left the party Her jacket‟s still here

A.wouldn‟t B mustn‟t C ought not to D can‟t

Exercise 4

1 Children should ……….respect for their teachers

A show B do C give D win

2 There aren‟t ……….eggs to make cake

A too little B so few C enough D so much

3 I‟m not shy, but I care ……….what other people think of me

A to B of C about D in

4 I would have gone to school yesterday if I ……….ill

A hadn‟t been B wouldn‟t have been

C wasn‟t D would have been

5 I wish it ……….this morning I want to go to the beach

A rained B could rain C hadn‟t rained D had rained

6 We ……….have gone on holiday in July The beach was too busy

A shouldn‟t B can‟t C mustn‟t D ought not

7 I‟ve got ……….tomatoes in my garden this year

A so much B so many C so little D a little

8 Florida, ……….my uncle lives, often has hurricanes

A when B where C which D that

9 I think doctors who work in disaster areas are both very unselfish

……….brave

A or B either C neither D and

10 The first time she went swimming she felt very ………

A nervous B shocked C unpleasant D surprised

11 The Second World War ……….in 1939

A broke up B broke off C broke open D broke out

12 “I would die ……….marry him!” she screamed

A instead of B rather than C other than D more than

13 The flat ……….of three rooms, with a kitchen and a bathroom

A composes B contains C includes D consists

14 There are many difficulties to be ……….with when they start to carry out

a new plan

A dealt B removed C attacked D overcome

15 Although John was the eldest in the family, he always let his sister

……….charge of the house

A hold B made C take D get

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16 Trains stop here in order to ……….passengers only

A get off B pick up C pull up D pull in

17 Mr Brown is looking for his glasses He thinks he ……….them behind in the office yesterday

A forgot B put C left D took

18 Harvard University, which ……….in 1636, is one of the oldest universities in the United States of America

A found B founded C was found D was founded

19 ……….Alice is late, let‟s begin without her

A Since B Nevertheless C However D Consequently

20 The students have to come back before dark, ……….?

A have they B do they C don‟t they D haven‟t they

Exercise 5

1 Not until darkness fell ……….he hadn‟t done half of his work

A that he realised B that he didn‟t realise

C did he realise D didn‟t he realise

2 I don‟t understand how John could have made ……….in his judgment

A such big mistake B such a big mistake

C so a big mistake D so big mistake

3 I had trouble with my car this morning, but I finally managed to …………

A get starting it B get it started

C get started it D getting started

4 The law requires anyone under 13………a bicycle in the street

A not to ride B ride not C don‟t ride D to not ride

5 A fireman discovered the ……… of the fire

A reason B cause C effect D cease

6 I was caught ……… the rain when I came back home yesterday

A in B on C by D during

7 They are nice boys and I‟m sure you will get on ……… them very well

A by B for C with D to

8 What did they say in the letter? I really can‟t ……… it out

A make B put C run D come

9 Although the examination he had passed was not important, his success

……… him in his ambition to become a doctor

A persuaded B urged C promised D encouraged

10 Look at the clock! It‟s time ……… home

A we‟ll go B we went C we‟re going D we should

11 After a long walk in the fields I want to drink ………

A cold something B some to cold thing

C something cold D something to make cold

12 ……… , he washed the cup and put it away

A Having drank the coffee B Drinking the coffee

C Having drunk the coffee D After drank the coffee

13 You ………… he was, he was equal to the task

A as B because C if D unless

29

14 If you don‟t want to get wet, then you had better ……… his umbrella with you

A taken B take C to take D taking

15 It was not until it was getting dark……….the child remembered to go back home

A when B then C did D that

16 He need not have worked so late, ……….?

A need be B needn‟t he C did he D has he

17 Mary is a good signer, ………… her mother used to be

A although B like C that D as

18 We should always keep in mind that……….decisions often lead to bitter regrets

A urgent B prompt C instant D hasty

19 The mother was afraid to let the boy……….the tree

A to risk climbing B to risk to climb

C risk climbing D risk to climb

20 That is the robber ………… arrest a reward was offered

A for whose B about whom C for whom D about whose

Exercise 6

1 Please don‟t call me until………….eight o‟clock on Saturday morning

A at B by C after D to

2 Can you ………….to it that no one uses this entrance?

A ensure B guarantee C assure D see

3 The earthquake started at Mount Vesuvius so the……….must be there

A epicentre B core C eye D heart

4 The World Health Organization is sending ………aid to the orphans in Africa who are suffering from hunger

A humanitarian B humane C human D humanity

5 I‟ve been trying to ring him all evening but I can‟t ………

A get over B get through C get across D get by

6 The inspector ………….to say whether there were any suspects

A denied B avoided C refused D stopped

7 We hadn‟t ………….for such heavy traffic, and we were delayed

A supposed B expected C calculated D bargained

8 “My son has passed his final exam!” –“………… ”

A It‟s my pleasure B Best wishes!

C Well done D That‟s very well

9 “I‟ve got a bad cold.” –“………”

A Oh dear! B My dear! C I regret it! D Bless you!

10 They………us with provision for the journey

A gave B supplied C awarded D offered

11 He sold his car for a large ………of money

A number B account C amount D sum

12 At a time it has become so important ………… in school, we shouldn‟t be surprised to learn that more students more cheating than ever before

30

A succeed B succeeding C success D to succeed

13 The term “organic” can only be used to describe food……… in situations where no artificial chemicals have been used

A that growing B grown C where growing D which grown

14 ………… being delayed, we still had a good trip and didn‟t feel too jet-legged when we arrived

A Despite B Because of C Although D Unless

15 I enjoyed reading the story It was rather sad, ………

A also B though C but D so

16 I can‟t tell Peter and Paul apart; they are ………….twins

A similar B alike C resemblance D identical

17 It wasn‟t the first time they………… how it worked

A had taught B taught

C had been taught D had been explained

18 ……… work was carried out immediately to help the victims of the flood

A Aid B Counsel C Help D Relief

19 Mrs Dawson was given the award in ………… of her services to the hospital

A spite B recognition C charge D sight of

20 Nothing……… the ordinary ever happens here

A from B out of C about D within

III WORD FORMATION

Exercise 1

Complete the word in each sentence by adding an appropriate prefix

1 I didn‟t pay the bill and now the electricity has been ………….connected

2 There is a law against dropping litter, but it is rarely………….forced

3 When the cassette finished, don‟t forget to ………….wind it

4 I thought the effects in the film were rather ………….done

5 The rumours about the minister‟s death were completely ………….founded

6 Anyone with a ………….ability may qualify for a special pension

7 I am ………….debted to you for all the help you have given me

8 When a currency is ………….valued, it is worth less internationally

9 I found the instructions you gave us very ………….leading

10 John rents me the house and I ………….let a room from him

Exercise 2

Complete the word in each sentence with over or under

1 The ………….lying causes of the problem are widely known

2 What a terrible film It‟s really ………….rated in my view

3 The first time I tried out my new bike I ………….balanced and fell off

4 Don‟t forget to give the door an ………….coast as well as a coat of gloss paint

5 The bath ………….flowed and the water dripped through into the living room

6 It is not as easy as all that I think you are ………….simplifying the problem

7 I apologise for the delay in sending your order but we are ………….staffed at present

8 You can get to the other side of the road by going through this ………….pass

9 The garden had been neglected and was ………….grown with weeds

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10 You should have turned the meat off before It‟s ………….done now

Exercise 3

Complete the word in each sentence with either –able or –ible Make any

necessary spelling changes

1 Brenda‟s new book is really remark ………

2 I don‟t find your new colleague very like ………

3 The pie looked very good, but it wasn‟t very easily digest………

4 That was a really contempt ………way of getting the boss on your side!

5 I think that anything is prefer………to having to tell so many lies

6 The advantage of these chairs is that they are collapse………

7 I do hope that you find your room comfort………

8 Why don‟t you go to the police? It‟s the sense ………thing to do

9 John takes good car of the children and is very response………

10 I find your aunt a very disagree………person I‟m afraid

Exercise 4

Complete each sentence with a word ending in –er or –or

1 After his second book Kevin became a famous ………

2 The orchestra enjoyed working with the new ………

3 The football team and the coach disagreed with their………

4 The ticket -………told me I was on the wrong train and had to pay extra

5 After my bathroom pipes burst I had to call the ………

6 The course ………is responsible for the quality of the lessons

7 You get served quickly in this restaurant if you tip the ………

8 I don‟t do any housework; a ………comes in twice a week

9 Helen studied law and now works as a …………dealing with house contracts

10 Jim is a ………and has over a thousand sheep

Exercise 5

Complete the word with either in– or un-

1 Why are you so …………sensitive to other people‟s problems?

2 The garden is divided into two …………equal parts

3 I think you were …………justified in punishing both boys

4 I am afraid that the world is full of …………justice

5 This ticket is …………valid You haven‟t stamped it in the machine

6 Thank you for your help It was …………valuable

7 Quite honestly I find that argument …………tenable

8 The government‟s …………action can only be explained as sheer neglect

9 The amount of food aid the country has received is quite …………sufficient

10 Her remarks were so rude they were frankly …………printable

Exercise 6

Complete the word in each sentence with an appropriate suffix

1 I object strongly to the commercial ………of sport

2 Skateboarding is no longer very fashion ………in this country

3 Don‟t touch that glass vase! It‟s absolutely price………!

4 We decided to go to watch some tradition ………dances in the next village

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5 Helen‟s uncle turned out to be a really remark ………person

6 We have not yet received confirm ………of your telephone booking

7 Driving on these mountain roads in winter is a bit hazard………

8 I just couldn‟t put up with his relent ………nagging

9 The doctor will be available for a consult……… or Thursday morning

10 None of this work has been done properly Don‟t you think you have been rather neglect………?

Exercise 7

Replace the words underlined in each sentence with one word ending in –ify,

-ise or –en The first letter of the word is given

1 Jim failed to q………for the final stage of the competition

2 This road is so jammed with traffic that the council is going to w………it

3 That was rotten luck! I really s………with you

4 This book is so difficult Someone should s………it

5 Customers won‟t know about your products unless you a………

6 Turn that music down! It‟s so loud it will d………you!

7 The Board will n………candidates of their results within two weeks

8 Read this note once, m………it, and then destroy it

9 I feel hot in this suit and tie I‟m going to l………my collar

10 That is a totally unreasonable decision! How on earth can you j…………it?

Exercise 8

Complete the word so that it ends in –hood, ship or –dom

1 After ten years in prison Paul was given his free …………

2 A true friend ………….lasts throughout life

3 There is not much like ………….that I will get the job

4 Good sales ………….is a partly about getting on well with the customers

5 My young musicians find it hard to cope with the demands of star …………

6 I spent most of my child ………….reading horror comics

7 What you say happened bears little relation ………….to the facts

8 The final cost will be in the neighbour ………….of £10,000

9 If lose my driving license, I will lose in live…………

10 Sheila received considerable sponsor ………….for her cross-Channel swim

Exercise 9

Replace the words underlined in each sentence with one word ending in –ly

and beginning with the letter given

1 The country imports every year over two million tons of rice

2 Harry‟s work has improved a great deal

3 By coincidence, I‟m driving there myself tomorrow

4 I‟ll be with you straight away

5 The two sisters were dressed in exactly the same way

6 I‟m afraid that Carol‟s writing is quite illegible

7 Tim only understands in a hazy manner what is going on

8 I think that this plan is downright ridiculous!

9 Diana just wants to know the truth

10 The passengers only just escaped with their lives

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Exercise 10 (*)

Complete each sentence with form word made from the word in capitals

1 Please…………our letter of the 14th We have not had a reply KNOW

2 Keith‟s exam results turned out to be ………… DISASTER

3 There will be no pay rises in the ………… future SEE

4 Jim is one of the most ………… members of the committee SPEAK

5 What are the entry ………… at this university? REQUIRE

6 Jackie suffered as a child from a very strict ………… BRING

7 I think that your ………… about the cost are wrong ASSUME

8 This statue ………… the soldiers who died in the war MEMORY

9 The idea that the sun “rises” is a popular ………… CONCEIVE

10 Ruth has gone back to college to get a teaching ………… QUALIFY

Exercise 11 (*)

Complete each sentence with form word made from the word in capitals

1 The villages in the mountains are quite ……… during winter ACCESS

2 The inquiry decided that the police were not entirely

5 How do you like my latest ………… for my stamp collection? ACQUIRE

6 The minister gave …… answers to the interviewer‟s questions EVADE

7 The two prisoners are to be ………… next month TRIAL

8 Most people agree that Christmas has become too………… COMMERCE

9 The government‟s ………… approach has brought criticism COMPROMISE

10 You look rater ………… Are you worried about something? OCCUPY

Exercise 12 (*)

Complete each sentence with form word made from the word in capitals

1 Bill was given a medal in ………… of his services RECOGNISE

2 All ………… must be received before July 20th 1994 APPLY

3 Karen and Catherine are ………… twins IDENTITY

4 The cost of ………… to the show is quite reasonable ADMIT

5 I‟m sure that the whole problem is a simple ………… UNDERSTAND

6 Going swimming every day would have very

………… effects

BENEFIT

7 It‟s much more ………… to buy large size packets ECONOMY

8 My ankle is really ………… and I can‟t walk easily SWELL

9 The dancer‟s movements were extremely ………… GRACE

10 The meeting adopted a ……… calling for Smith to resign RESOLVE

Exercise 13 (*)

Complete each sentence with form word made from the word in capitals

1 When Jean made up for the play she was ……… RECOGNISE

2 Dave isn‟t really a friend, only an ……… ACQUAINT

3 I thought the test was ……… easy, actually COMPARE

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4 There was a ……… between a lorry and two cars COLLIDE

5 The pain became …… during the night so I called the doctor ENDURE

6 Professor Smith has joined the company in an ………

capacity

ADVICE

7 I can‟t put up with your ……… complaining! CEASE

8 Visitors complained about the ……… in the old museum ORGANISE

9 The government has taken a ……… decision to ban

Complete each sentence with form word made from the word in capitals

1 British Rail apologies for the ……… of the 4.20 to Bath CANCEL

2 I didn‟t believe him His story was very ……… CONVINCE

3 The police said that they were awaiting further……… DEVELOP

4 I‟m afraid that your report is full of ……… ACCURATE

5 The company was hit by a ……… of crises SUCCESS

6 Have you read the latest …… about Madonna‟s private life? REVEAL

7 The fuel ……… of this car is rather big CONSUME

8 I was so angry I was absolutely ……… SPEECH

9 A list of ……… events will be posted on the notice board COME

10 Janet had to ……… from the team because of injury DRAW

Exercise 15 (*)

Use the word given in Capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits

in the space in the same line There is an example at the beginning (0)

TRAFFIC

Public opinion surveys show that people are

becoming (0)…increasingly….concerned about a range of

problems associated with traffic It is clear from simple

(1)…………that the traffic on our streets is increasing

(2)…………year by year It is also a fact that many drivers

don‟t observe the speed limit in (3)……… in the

town centers In fact, most drivers go

(4)………faster

What is equally (5)……….to many people

is the pollution caused by traffic, which causes many health

Problems So what should be done about the problem? One

possible (6)………to the problem is the (7) …………

of Park-and-Ride schemes by local councils These work in

the following way: councils provide cheap (8) …………

Facilities on the outskirts of town and free bus services to

the town center Another is to stop the building of

out-of-town (9)……….centers, which people rely on their

cars to get to A (10)………… in the cost of using public

transport might also help to persuade us to leave our cars at

(0) INCREASE

OBSERVE

DRAMA OPERATE CONSIDER WORRY

SOLVE ADOPT

PARK

SHOP

REDUCE

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home

Exercise 16

Use the word given in Capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits

in the space in the same line There is an example at the beginning (0)

Example : (0)

A G R E E M E N T KEEPING WELL

Most people would be in (0)………with the

idea, often put forward by doctors, that we should avoid

taking medicines unnecessarily Even people with only

(1)……….medical knowledge say that is it not

(2)……… to take aspirin, for example, whenever

you have a (3)………or some other minor

ailment It is certainly true that people have tended to

become very (4)………on pills when in any kind

of discomfort, rather than simply waiting for the

symptoms to pass Many people would do well to take a

different attitude to preventing illness The best way to

keep well is to avoid (5)………foods and habits

It is also (6)………to take plenty of exercise, and

we should give (7)………to people of all ages to

do this, particularly the young one

If we can educate people at an early age to keep fit and

to look after themselves (8)………, then the

(9)………of their having problems in later life

will be considerably reduced However, no matter how

well we look after ourselves and how much exercise we

do, illness, (10)………, is not always preventable

AGREE

LIMIT ADVISE HEAD

DEPEND

HEALTH HELP ENCOURAGE

CARE PROBABLE

FORTUNATE

Exercise 17

Use the word given in Capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits

in the space in the same line There is an example at the beginning (0)

PERSONALITY TYPES

It‟s often said that no two people are exactly (0)

….alike….But according to one (1)……….theory,

we all share one of sixteen distinct personality types,

which are formed by different (2)……….of

personality traits (3)………can be made between

personality and left-or-right-handedness Most people

are born with a (4)……….for one hand, and all

of us are born with a personality type Experts say that

we (5)………….develop our personality type through

the course of our lives in (6)………….to our

(7)……….and experiences – school or work, for

example However, psychologists (8)………… that

personality type doesn‟t explain everything about us and

LIKE PSYCHOLOGY

COMBINE COMPARE PREFER

TYPICAL RESPOND SURROUND EMPHASIS

BEHAVE

36

that the (9)……… of people with the same

personality type is often (10)……….They also

stress that no personality type is better than another

DIFFER

Exercise 18

MISUNDERSTANDING

Just as women are afraid of receiving,

so men are afraid of giving To

extend himself in giving to others

means to risk (0) …failure…,

correction and disapproval These

consequences are most (1)……

because deep inside his unconscious

he holds an (2)……….belief that he

is not good enough This belief was

formed and reinforced in (3)………

every time he thought he was

expected to do better When his (4)

…… went unnoticed or were

(5)……., deep in his unconscious he

began forming the belief that he was

not good enough A man is

particularly vulnerable to this belief

It generates within him the fear of

failing He wants to give but is afraid

he will fail, so he doesn‟t try If his

biggest fear is (6)……… , he is

naturally going to avoid any (7)

……… risks

Many visitors to Britain find the

natives‟ (8)…………frequently rather strange and occasionally totally (9)………… One of the most common complaints is that we are cold and (10)……… In fact, all we are trying to

do is to “mind our own business” and not to interfere in other people‟s this may also make us appear (11)……….in foreign visitors We are also seen as far too (12)…………., forever going round saying “Sorry” ad

“I beg your pardon” Again, our main concern is to avoid any degree of (13)…… On the other hand, foreign visitors often appear (unintentionally) (14)…….to the British What to a Spaniard is a wholly (15)……….click of the fingers to attract attention is highly insulting to a British barworker and practically

guarantees a drink-free evening!

go out

take up own up doze off speak up

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1 Who broke the window? We aren‟t leaving this room until someone ………

(admit responsibility)

2 The fire ……… because we didn‟t put enough wood on it.( stop burning)

3 Is Peter at the party? No, but I‟m sure he ……… soon (arrive)

4 We have a long journey tomorrow What time do we have to ……… ? (begin

7 Larry had a bit wild at university, but then he got a job, found a lovely wife

……… and had kids (have a calmer/ stable life)

8 After a heavy meal and a glass or two of wine, I ……… in front of the telly

(fall asleep)

9 ……… ! We can‟t hear you at the back! (talk louder)

10 A soldier was injured when the bridge he was crossing ……… (explode)

11 “What‟s Bill‟s phone number?”

“……… I‟ll just look in my address book.” (wait)

12 I was offer a job in Leeds but I ………… it ……… because I didn‟t want to

move away from Hastings (refuse it)

13 I can‟t stop now but I‟ll ……… later on my way home from work (pay a

short visit)

14 You should see Brian……… the new boss The way he does it is really

fantastic He‟s just like him ( imitate)

15 She is so tense, she should ……… yoga (start a new activity/ hobby)

go off get over

go along with

look after

go in for try out

do away with come up with

1 The trouble with Frank is that he never ……… on time for meetings (arrive)

2 Johnson, I‟d like you to ……… this complaint we received this morning

5 I won‟t be a minute, Jan I just want to ……… my new tape recorder (test)

6 You can‟t have a sandwich, I‟m afraid We‟ve ……… bread (use up our

supply of)

7 Yes I‟ll ……… that (accept)

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8 Because of a heavy downpour, the proposed open-air concert had to be………

(cancel)

9 Why don‟t you ……… the “Miss United Kingdom” contest, Ulla? I‟m sure

you‟d win it (enter)

10 John, would you ……… my handbag while I go to the toilet? (take care of)

11 I wonder who first ……… the idea of wearing seatbelts in cars? (think of)

12 What a lovely baby He certainly ……… his father, doesn‟t he? (resemble)

13 My father still hasn‟t really ……… the death of my mother (recover from)

14 Because of an accident on the line between Brighton and Victoria, my train was

……… for several hours (delay)

15 I‟ve been feeling so depressed lately that I feel tempted to ……… myself

Fall off Come up Look back on Call for Break down

1 I do wish you wouldn‟t interrupt, Charles I‟m trying to talk to your father

2 When my grandmother died, I inherited quite a lot of money

3 The only teacher I ever admired/ respected at school was Mr White-side, the

English mater

4 We‟ll have to get Anne some new clothes soon She‟s become too big for the

ones she‟s got

5 It was while I was clearing out the attic that I found by accident some old

photographs of my sister‟s wedding

6 I had never been faced with the problems of loneliness and isolation until I

came to Sweden

7 Although the attendance was excellent at the start of the season, Chelsea played

so badly that, by January, the attendance had decreased by as much as 50%

8 I see they‟re going to publish a book of Peter‟s poems in the autumn

9 Look, something has occurred- usually a problem, and I can‟t meet you

10 I‟ve tried to reduce the number of cigarettes I smoke but it‟s far too difficult,

I‟m afraid

11 When I‟m eighty, I‟ll probably remember my life and realise what a mess I

made of it

12 I do hope it becomes fine soon Otherwise, we won‟t be able to have our picnic

13 I wonder if you could collect me on your way to the party?

14 I‟m afraid Paul can‟t come with use after all- he‟s just become ill with flu

15 I‟m sorry I‟m late, but my car stopped working on the way here, so I had to

phone for a taxi

Exercise 4

go around with

1 Have a piece of chocolate I think there‟s enough to be shared among

everyone

2 The meeting was a very long one and didn‟t finish until 11:30 p.m

3 If you‟re still looking for a job, Fred, I believe Warner & Sens are employing

new people

4 I do hope you‟ll excuse me if I go to bed now; it‟s just that I have to get up

early in the morning

5 I don‟t know what‟s wrong with Joanna‟s husband He‟s been given the sack

again He just can‟t seem to keep a job

6 Look, if I tell Mr Blake that we‟re not prepared to work overtime tonight, will

the rest of you support me?

7 You will do it, won‟t you, Anne? Promise me you won‟t disappoint me

8 I think you‟ll have to explain it all again, Sam It was far too complicated to

understand all at once

9 Y father has always despised working-class people It‟s strange really when

you consider that his own father was a coal miner

10 Oh, darling, would you fasten your buttons, please? I‟ve just put nail varnish on

and it‟s still wet

11 If you‟d just wait a moment, Mr Blake, I‟ll see if Mrs Wilson is free

12 Arthur‟s keeping company with a very strange crowd of people these days,

isn‟t he?

13 Poor Pam! She‟s really suffered a lot this past year, what with the death of her

mother, her divorce and now losing her job I feel really sorry for her

14 He had to work very hard to maintain the same standard as the others in the

cut up

do in

go down

go out

1 If he says that again I‟ll kill him- I swear it!

2 You‟d better not drink that milk, Joe It‟s turned sour

3 We knew he wasn‟t English as his accent betrayed him

4 The house I live in dates from the 15th century

5 Let‟s go and visit Paul and Jan tonight It‟s been ages since we last saw them

6 Clive was really upset when he failed his proficiency exam

40

7 I think I‟ll go somewhere for the weekend Things have been making me

depressed lately, so a change of air will do me good

8 John can‟t come with us tonight after all It seems he‟s caught a cold

9 “What does “misogynist” mean, Allan?”

“I‟ve no idea, Jill You‟d better find out its meaning in the dictionary

10 The power point was behind the piano, which made it very difficult to reach

11 You‟re not going to wear a mini-skirt, are you, Jane? They stopped being

fashionable years ago

12 “How old is Eva?”

“I‟m not sure, but she must be nearly forty.”

13 If you subtract 25 from 100, you‟re left with 75

14 No one really believed it when the news came through that the “Titanic” had

sunk in her maiden voyage

15 I tried smoking a pipe once, but I never really liked it

Exercise 6

Match the phrasal verbs with their definitions

A put up with 1 find by chance

B take in 2 stop/ discourage from doing something

C set off 3 criticize

D turn down 4 have relationship with someone

E tell off 5 give hospitality/ shelter

F fall for 6 put in order/ put right

G come across 7 refuse/ reject

H get on with 8 love/ be attracted to someone

I break up 9 leave on a journey

J put off 10 keep to high standard

K break down of a 11 begin the holidays when school closes at the end

term/ come to an end

L sort out 12 endure/ tolerate

M put down suddenly 13 (of war, fighting or other unpleasant events) start

N break out 14 make somebody feel unimportant

O live up to of a fault 15 (of a machine or vehicle) stop working because

Complete the following sentences using one of the phrasal verbs above

1 When they were cleaning out the attic, they……… their grandmother‟s old school books

2 She was never able to ……… her mother‟s high expectations of her

3 Why do you……… her……… every time she speaks? I‟m not surprised she has no self-confidence

4 Oh, no! It‟s going to take ages to ……… these documents ……… Why doesn‟t he ever find anything?

5 After she has finished loading the car, she ……… on her holiday

6 I can‟t ……… your childish behaviour any longer I‟m leaving

7 The teacher ……… the children……… for not doing their homework

8 A farmer ……… the travelers……… during the snow storm and gave them a bed for the night