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FUTURE SIMPLE TƯƠNG LAI THƯỜNG Prepared by Nguyen Trung Kien Will structure The future simple tense is composed of two parts: will/shall + base verb Will and shall are often contracted to 'll Affirmative form (Positive) I we + shall / will + work you he/she/it they + will + work I shall/will write her tomorrow We shall/will go shopping together during the holidays Will structure Note: 'Will' is used with all persons 'Shall' can be used instead of 'will' with I/we In modern English, particularly in American English, 'shall' with a future reference is rarely used Negative form I we I you he/she/it we they SHALL + NOT /SHAN'T/ + WILL + NOT /WON'T/ + WORK I won't answer that question They won't accept this offer WORK Will structure Interrogative form (Question) To form interrogative sentences we use will with all persons: WILL I we WORK? WILL you he/she/it they WORK? Will you open the window, please? Will you it for me? Will structure Note: We use shall to make offers, ask for advice or suggestions, etc (mainly in British English) Shall I close the door? Shall we go to picnic tomorrow? Shall I study English? 'Shall' is also used as an imperative in formal or legal written statements: The Chairman shall be present at the Company's general meetings The accused shall be present during the trial Will the use We use will when there is no prior plan or decision to something before we speak We make the decision at the time of speaking (spontaneous decision) to volunteer to something (the action is decided at the moment of speaking) Look at these examples: Hold on I'll get a pen We will see what we can to help you Maybe we'll stay in and watch television tonight I'll close the window I'll have a cup of tea, please The phone is ringing - I'll answer it - Oops, I dropped my pencil - I'll pick it up In these examples, we had no firm plan before speaking The decision was made at the time of speaking Will the use To predict future events (for example, to say what we think or believe will happen), we use both 'will' and 'going to' We often use will with the verb think: I think I'll go to the gym tomorrow I think I'll have a holiday next year I don't think I'll buy that car ! But note that we use 'going to' (not 'will') to make predictions about events when there is a concrete evidence: Look at those dark clouds in the sky It is going to rain soon Will the use To make promises or threats Examples: I'll be there at p.m., I promise I'll tell your parents what you did To request help or to offer help Examples: Will you please help me to my homework? That suitcase is too heavy I’ll help you Will the use With words and expressions such as: probably, possibly, perhaps, (I'm) sure, (I) expect Examples: I'll probably get there by my car You must read this book I'm sure you'll like it I expect Tom will pass his exam Will the use To talk about consequences (with if, when, provided, unless, as, as soon as, as long as, etc.) Examples: If it begins to rain, I'll certainly nead an umbrella She will tell him when he calls When the main verb is be even if we talk about planned events Examples: I'll be in Athens tomorrow I'll be at a conference next week Will exercises Make positive, negative and questions with the followings: they / call / us Positive: …………………………………… Negative: …………………………………… Question: …………………………………… John / dial / the number for you Positive: …………………………………… Negative: …………………………………… Question: …………………………………… he / marry / his girlfriend Positive: …………………………………… Negative: …………………………………… Question: …………………………………… Will exercises Will or be going to? Rule of thumb 'Going to' is a kind of present tense – look at its form! – so you use it when you want to talk about a future situation that is already connected to the present, e.g because there’s present evidence, or because a plan is already in motion: Examples: I think it’s going to rain – I just felt a drop They’re going to retire to the country – they’ve already bought a little cottage In other cases, where there is no implicit or explicit connection to the present, use will: The concert will be over by midnight I’ll light the barbecue Will or be going to? And/or: Rule of thumb 2: When you’re making predictions, you can use will or going to more or less interchangeably Examples: I think it’s going to rain I think it will rain When you’re expressing an intention or decision, use will if you’re making the decision as you speak; use going to if you have already made the decision: Examples: Can you give me a hand?OK I’ll light the barbecue.Can you give me a hand?No, sorry I’m going to bath the baby Will or be going to? And/or Rule of Thumb 3: To talk about the future use will This is the rule that most learners operate on Statistically, it is a safe bet Will is much more common than going to in all meanings (prediction and intention) and all registers (conversation and writing) In fact, will is the most common modal verb in English Future meaning is more often expressed by will than any other form So, when in doubt, use will (These facts come from the Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English which is based on a 40-million word corpus of spoken and written text) And/or Rule of Thumb 4: Use will in writing and going to in speaking While this is not as reliable as Rule of Thumb 3, it is supported by corpus evidence Going to is most common in conversation (although never as common as will), and more common in American than British conversation It is relatively infrequent in written English Will fin [...]... Positive: …………………………………… Negative: …………………………………… Question: …………………………………… Will exercises Will or be going to? Rule of thumb 1 'Going to' is a kind of present tense – look at its form! – so you use it when you want to talk about a future situation that is already connected to the present, e.g because there’s present evidence, or because a plan is already in motion: Examples: I think it’s going... or be going to? And/or Rule of Thumb 3: To talk about the future use will This is the rule that most learners operate on Statistically, it is a safe bet Will is much more common than going to in all meanings (prediction and intention) and all registers (conversation and writing) In fact, will is the most common modal verb in English Future meaning is more often expressed by will than any other