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Modal verb Động từ khuyết thiếu Prepared by Nguyen Trung Kien What are Modal Verbs? Modal verbs are special verbs which behave very differently from normal verbs Here are some important differences: Modal verbs not take "-s" in the third person Examples: He can speak Chinese She should be here by 9:00 Modal verbs not go with “to” What are Modal Verbs? You use "not" to make modal verbs negative, even in Simple Present and Simple Past Examples: He should not be late They might not come to the party Many modal verbs cannot be used in the past tenses or the future tenses Examples: He will can go with us Not Correct She musted study very hard Not Correct Common Modal Verbs Can Could May Might Must Ought to Shall Should Will Would Can, Could, May Might (Yêu cầu, cho phép, đề nghị mời.) a) Requests(lời thỉnh cầu): Yêu cầu người khác làm việc gì: Chúng ta thường dùng can could u cầu làm việc - Can you wait a moment, please? (Anh làm ơn chờ lát không?) Ann,can you me a favour? (Ann, giúp không?) - Excuse me Could you tell me how to get to the station? (Xin lỗi, bạn cho tơi đường đến nhà ga không?) Do you think you could lend me some money? (Anh thấy cho tơi mượn tiền không?) I wonder if you could help me (Tơi khơng biết anh giúp tơi khơng? a) Requests(lời thỉnh cầu): Để u cầu có điều gì, bạn nói: Can I have……?/ Could I have…? / May I have…? ( In a shop) Can I have these postcards, please? (Trong cửa tiệm) Tơi xem thiếp khơng? (At table ) Could I have the salt, please? (Ở bàn ăn) Làm ơn đưa cho lọ muối b) Permission: xin phép cho phép: - (On the telephone) Hello, can I speak to Tom, please? (Trong điện thoại) Alơ, làm ơn cho tơi nói chuyện với Tom không? - “Could I use your telephone?” “ Yes, of course” (Tơi dùng điện thoại bạn không?) (được tất nhiên rồi) - “Do you think I could borrow your bicycle?” “Yes, help yourself” (Tơi mượn xe đạp bạn không?) (Được, tự nhiên) “May I come in?” “Yes, please do” (Tôi vào chứ)? (được, xin mời vào) b) Permission: xin phép cho phép: Để cho phép, dùng can may (nhưng không dùng could): - You can (or may) smoke if you like (Bạn hút thuốc bạn muốn) Dùng can/can’t để nói điều cho phép không cho phép: - You can drive for a year in Britain with an international license (Bạn lái xe vịng năm nước Anh với lái quốc tế) - If you’re under 17, you can’t drive a car in Britain (Nếu bạn 17 tuổi, bạn lái xe nước Anh) c) Offers( đề nghị) dùng can để đề xuất làm điều gì: - “Can I get you a cup of coffee?” “That’s very nice of you” (Tôi lấy cho bạn tách cà phê nhé?) (Vâng, bạn tử tế quá) - (In a shop) “Can I help you, madam?” “No, thank you, I’m being served” (Trong cửa tiệm) “Tôi giúp cho bà, thưa bà? “ Khơng,cám ơn Có người phục vụ tơi rồi’’ d) Đối với offer (lời đề nghị) invitation (lời mời), dùng would you like (không dùng “do you like’’) - Would you like a cup of coffee? (not “do you like’’) (Bạn uống tách cà phê nhé) - Would you like to come to the cinema with us tomorrow evening?( not “ you like to come’’) (Mời bạn tối mai xem phim với chúng tôi) I’d like (=I would like) cách diễn đạt lịch điều bạn muốn, bạn muốn làm - I’d like some information about hotel, please (Xin cho biết số thông tin khách sạn) - I’d like to try on this jacket, please (Tôi muốn thử áo vét này) May vs Might/Can vs Could MAY/MIGHT for something possibly true or an uncertain prediction or intention MAY is stronger than MIGHT EX: You may/might get stucked in traffic if you don't go early CAN/COULD for possible future actions => CAN = stronger possibility => COULD = distant possibility EX: We can/could have a party (suggestion) EX: We may/might have a party (uncertain intention) FOR UNCERTAIN PREDICTION about the future, use may/might/could NOT can CAN as generally possible EX: Smoking can damage your health POSSIBILITY into the past EX: May have missed the train (perhaps) ( 35%) EX: The train might have been delayed (perhaps) 30% EX: The letter could have got lost in the post (it is possible 50%) a) Chúng ta dùng may hay might để nói việc hành động sảy tương lai (future possibility) Hãy xem thí dụ sau: - I’m not sure where to go for my holidays but I may go to Italy (= perhaps I will go) (Tôi không chắn nghỉ đâu tơi Ý (=có lẽ tơi đi) - The weather forecast is not very good It might rain this afternoon (=perhaps it will rain) (Bản dự báo thời tiết khơng khả quan Chiều trời mưa) (=có lẽ trời mưa) a) Chúng ta dùng may hay might để nói việc hành động sảy tương lai (future possibility) - I can’t help you Why don’t you ask Tom? He might be able to help you (= perhaps he will be able to help) (Tôi giúp bạn đâu Tại bạn không nhờ Tom? Anh ta giúp bạn) (= có lẽ giúp bạn) Thể phủ định may not might not (mightn’t) - Ann may not come to the party tonight She isn’t feeling well (= perhaps she won’t come) (Tối Ann không đến dự tiệc Cô cảm thấy không khoẻ) (= có lẽ khơng đến) - There might not be a meeting on Friday because the director is ill (= perhaps there won’t be a meeting) (Có thể khơng có buổi họp vào thứ Sáu ơng giám đốc bị bệnh) (= có lẽ khơng có buổi họp) Khơng có khác biệt bạn dùng may might Bạn nói: - I may go to Italy; I might go to Italy (Có thể tơi đồng ý) b) Ngồi tiếp diễn (continuous): may / might be doing - Don’t phone at 8.30 I’ll be watching the football match on television (Đừng gọi điện thoại vào lúc giờ30 Lúc tơi xem trận bóng đá TV) - Don’t phone at 8.30 I may (or might) be watching the football match on television (=perhaps I’ll be in the middle of watching it) (Đừng gọi điện thoại vào lúc giờ30 Lúc tơi xem trận bóng đá tivi) (= có lẽ tơi xem dở trận bóng đá) Exercise: Put “may, might, can or could” into the blanks! ………you please pass me that book over there? When he was young he……….dance all night long ……….you speak Chinese? You……….at least come with us and meet our new neighbour, don't you think? She………drive but she takes the bus to go to work In that country citizens……… now make suggestions openly, it is a new democracy Nowadays, people…………travel very easily all over Europe … you please let me know your answer by the end of the week? I don't know yet, but I …………come with you after all ! 10 Children…… bring their teddy bears to school RESULTS COULD you please pass me that book over there? When he was young he COULD dance all night long CAN you speak Chinese? You MIGHT at least come with us and meet our new neighbour, don't you think? She CAN drive but she takes the bus to go to work In that country citizens CAN now make suggestions openly, it is a new democracy Nowadays, people MAY travel very easily all over Europe COULD you please let me know your answer by the end of the week? I don't know yet, but I MIGHT come with you after all ! 10 Children MAY bring their teddy bears to school Exercise: Choose the correct answers! They (can/might) be away for the weekend but I'm not sure You (may/might) leave now if you wish (Could/May) you open the window a bit, please? He (can/could) be French, judging by his accent (May/Can) you play the piano? Listen, please You (may not/might not) speak during this exam They (can't/may not) still be out! You (couldn't/might not) smoke on the bus With luck, tomorrow (can/could) be a sunny day 10 You (can/might) be right but I'm going back to check anyway