bộ đề đọc hiểu ôn thi tiếng anh

TÀI LIỆU TẶNG HỌC SINH (PHẦN 1) Chúc em tự tin với tài liệu cô Nguyệt Ca chia sẻ Gửi em với muôn vàn yêu thương hi vọng Cô Nguyệt Ca www.hocmai.vn NGÂN HÀNG ĐỀ ĐỌC HIỂU Theo cấu trúc kì thi THPTQG (answer keys are from page 19) READING COMPREHENSION The development of genetically modified (GM) plants and animals had led to a huge global controversy Opponents say that GM “Frankenfoods” are a threat to our well-being, and proponents say that the risks are minimal There is one aspect of the war over GM that is often overlooked Anyone who wears a cotton shirt these days is using a GM crop Cotton is the only major non-food GM crop at present, but others are coming GM cotton plants that is not food has not stopped the most passionate GM opponents from objecting If GM cotton is grown in a field next to fields of non-GM cotton, they argue, then how to keep genes from being transferred from field to field This danger, however, is not as compelling to the public as possible health hazards in food, so there is no great fury over GM cotton GM cotton seeds produce higher yields, and they without the need for pesticides Planting of GM cotton has increased fivefold since 1997; three-quarter of cotton in America, and over half in China, is now GM Farmers like it because it increases their profits Other options for non-food GM include new variety of flowers with different colors or scents, tougher grasses for lawns, and plants designed to soak up pollutants from the soil The paper industry provides another example of potential for GM to help produce better and cheaper products Paper is made from pulp, and pulp is generally made from trees Researchers in New Zealand and Chile have been working on insect-resistant pines, and a Japanese firm has combined carrot genes with tree genes to make them grow better in poor soil Another interesting case is that of tobacco It is not food crop, but it is consumed, and GM tobacco plants with both more and less nicotine have been created The tobacco plant, however, is an ideal target for GM, since its genetics are very well understood and it produces a lot of leaves The value of the drugs that could be produced by GM tobacco is so high, many farmers could switch from growing tobacco for cigarettes to growing it for medicine Since medical cost is rising, consumers would also be happy to use drugs produced in bulk by GM tobacco facebook.com/tienganh.conguyetca - hotline: 098.113.8785 Question Why does the author mention a cotton shirt in paragraph 1? A To show that cotton is one of the most popular materials for clothing B To give an example of a common GM product that is not a food C To give an example of a controversy surrounding GM products D To show that the risk of GM products are minimal Question The word “that” refers to A war B aspect C GM D risk Question The word “compelling” is closest in meaning to A interesting B annoying C dangerous D obvious Question Which country plants the most GM cotton mentioned in the passage? A America B Japan C Chile D China Question Which of the following is TRUE, according to the passage? A GM cotton is less controversial than other GM products B There are several major non-food GM products at present C There have been no objection to GM cotton D GM cotton has no significant advantage over controversial cotton Question Which options for non-food GM is NOT mentioned in the passage? A flowers B grass C tobacco D rubber Question According to the passage, why are researchers developing GM trees? A To improve or make paper less expensive B To produce more fruit C To find a way to make paper without pulp D To replace trees cut down for paper Question It can be inferred from the passage that GM tobacco A is already in the market B produces drugs that are very expensive C makes cigarettes harmless to smokers D can have lower or higher levels of nicotine Question What is the topic of the paragraph? A Controversial GM products B The hazards of GM products C Non-food GM products D GM cotton and tobacco Question 10 The word “switch” in the last paragraph can best be replaced by A select B plant C change D replace facebook.com/tienganh.conguyetca - hotline: 098.113.8785 READING COMPREHENSION Long ago prehistoric man began to domesticate a number of wild plants and animals for his own use This not only provided more abundant food but also allowed more people to live on a smaller plot of ground We tend to forget that all of our present-day pets, livestock, and food plants were taken from the wild and developed into the forms we know today As centuries passed and human cultures evolved and blossomed, humans began to organise their knowledge of nature into the broad field of natural history One aspect of early natural history concerned the use of plants for drugs and medicine The early herbalists sometimes overworked their imaginations in this respect For example, it was widely believed that a plant or part of a plant that resembles an internal organ would cure ailments of that organ Thus, an extract made from a heart-shaped leaf might be prescribed for a person suffering from heart problems Nevertheless, the overall contributions of these early observers provided the rudiments of our present knowledge of drugs and their uses Question 1: What does this passage mainly discuss? A Cures from plants B The beginning of natural history C Prehistoric man D Early plants and animals Question 2: Domestication of plants and animals probably occurred because of A need for more readily available food B lack of wild animals and plants C early man’s power as a hunter D the desire of prehistoric man to be nomadic Question 3: The word “This” in the first paragraph refers to A providing food for man B man’s domestication of plants and animals C man’s ability to live on a small plot of land D the earliest condition of prehistoric man Question 4: The word “blossomed” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to A produced flowers B changed C learned D flourished Question 5: An herbalist is which of the following? A A dreamer B An early historian facebook.com/tienganh.conguyetca - hotline: 098.113.8785 C Someone who uses plants in medicine D A farmer Question 6: The phrase “in this respect” in the second paragraph refers to A the development of human culture B the development of the field of natural history C the use of plants for drugs and medicine D the origin of knowledge of nature Question 7: The word “extract” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to A design B substance C flavour D ailment Question 8: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A The shape of a plant is indicative of its ability to cure ailments of a similarly shaped organ B There is little relation between a cure for illness and the physical shape of a plant C The work of early herbalists has nothing to with present day medicine D Early herbalists were unimaginative Question 9: The word “rudiments” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to _ A beginnings B history C requirements D proofs Question 10: The passage would most likely lead to a more specific discussion in the field of _ A zoology B biology C anatomy D astrology READING COMPREHENSION Martin Luther King, Jr., is well known for his work in civil rights and for his many famous speeches, among them is his moving "I Have A Dream" speech But fewer people know much about King's childhood M.L., as he was called, was born in 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia, at the home of his maternal grandfather M.L.'s grandfather, the Reverend A.D Williams, purchased their home on Auburn Avenue in 1909, twenty years before M.L was born The Reverend Williams, an eloquent speaker, played an important role in the community since so many people's lives centered around the church He allowed his church and his home to be used as a meeting place for a number of organizations dedicated to the education and social advancement of blacks M.L grew up in this atmosphere, with his home being used as a community gathering place, and was no doubt influenced by it facebook.com/tienganh.conguyetca - hotline: 098.113.8785 M.L.'s childhood was not especially eventful His father was a minister and his mother was a musician He was the second of three children, and he attended all- black schools in a black neighborhood The neighborhood was not poor, however Auburn Avenue was the main artery through a prosperous neighborhood that had come to symbolize achievement for Atlanta's black people It was an area of banks, insurance companies, builders, jewelers, tailors, doctors, lawyers, and other black-owner black-operated businesses and services Even in the face of Atlanta's segregation, the district thrived Dr King never forgot the community spirit he had known as a child, nor did he forget the racial prejudice that was a seemingly insurmountable barrier that kept black Atlantans from mingling with whites Question 1: What is this passage mainly about? A the prejudice that existed in Atlanta B Martin Luther King's childhood C M.L.'s grandfather D the neighborhood King grew up in Question 2: The word "eloquent" means most nearly A powerful B active C romantic D fascinating Question 3: The word "gathering" could best be replaced by A picking B learning C exciting D meeting Question 4: Which of the following statements is NOT true? A Anburn was a commercial areas B M.L’s grandfather built their home on Anburn Avenue in 1909 C M.L grew up in a rich, black neighborhood D M.L’s childhood was uneventful Question 5: According to the author, blacks in King's neighborhood were involved in all the following businesses and services EXCEPT A dentistry B medicine C law D banking Question 6: According to the author, King was influenced by A community spirit B black lawyers C his mother D his speeches facebook.com/tienganh.conguyetca - hotline: 098.113.8785 Question 7: The word "thrived" refers to which of the following? A achieved B surrendered C flourished D held Question 8: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "seemingly"? A apparently B inevitable C inexplicable D hastily Question 9: The word "mingling" could best be replaced by which of the following? A interfering B gargling C consuming D associating Question 10: According to the author, M.L A had a difficult childhood B was a good musician as a child C loved to listen to his grandfather speak D grew up in a relatively rich area of Atlanta READING COMPREHENSION The biologist's role in society as well as his moral and ethical responsibility in the discovery and development of new ideas has led to a reassessment of his social and scientific value systems A scientist can no longer ignore the consequences of his discoveries; he is as concerned with the possible misuses of his findings as he is with the basic research in which he is involved This emerging social and political role of the biologist and all other scientists requires a weighing of values that cannot be done with the accuracy or the objectivity of a laboratory balance As a member of society, it is necessary for a biologist now to redefine his social obligations and his functions, particularly in the realm of making judgments about such ethical problems as man's control of his environment or his manipulation of genes to direct further evolutionary development As a result of recent discoveries concerning hereditary mechanisms, genetic engineering, by which human traits are made to order, may soon be a reality As desirable as it may seem to be, such an accomplishment would entail many value judgments Who would decide, for example, which traits should be selected for change? In cases of genetic deficiencies and disease, the desirability of the change is obvious, but the possibilities for social misuse are so numerous that they may far outweigh the benefits Probably the greatest biological problem of the future, as it is of the present, will be to find ways to curb environmental pollution without interfering with man's constant effort to improve the quality of his life Many scientists believe that underlying the spectre of pollution is the facebook.com/tienganh.conguyetca - hotline: 098.113.8785 problem of surplus human population A rise in population necessitates an increase in the operations of modern industry, the waste products of which increase the pollution of air, water, and soil The question of how many people the resources of the Earth can support is one of critical importance Although the solutions to these and many other problems are yet to be found, they indicate the need for biologists to work with social scientists and other members of society in order to determine the requirements necessary for maintaining a healthy and productive planet For although many of man's present and future problems may seem to be essentially social, political, or economic in nature, they have biological ramifications that could affect the very existence of life itself Question 1: According to the passage, a modern scientist should be more concerned about A his basic research B.the development of new ideas C his manipulation of genes D the consequences of his discoveries Question 2: The pronoun "it" in paragraph refers to A a reality C genetic engineering B an accomplishment D hereditary mechanism Question 3: It is implied in the passage that genetic engineering A may us more harm than good B is no longer desirable C is the most desirable for life D will change all human traits Question 4: The pronoun "they" in paragraph refers to A discoveries concerning hereditary mechanisms B effects of genetic engineering misuse C cases of genetic deficiencies D possibilities for genetic deficiencies Question 5: What is probably the most important biological problem mentioned in the passage? A social and economic deficiencies B manipulation of genes C genetic engineering misuse D environmental pollution Question 6: The word "which" in paragraph refers to A activities of an overpopulated society's industry B the waste products dumped into our environment C activities of surplus human population D serious environmental pollution facebook.com/tienganh.conguyetca - hotline: 098.113.8785 Question 7: The word "underlying" in paragraph could best be replaced by " " A noticing B causing C finding D depriving Question 8: According to the passage, to save our planet, biologists should work A harder and harder B accurately and objectively C on social and political purposes D with other social scientists Question 9: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "ramifications" in paragraph 4? A useful experiments B effective techniques C harmful consequences D latest developments Question 10: What is the author's purpose in this passage? A To conduct a survey of the biologist's role in society B To urge biologists to solve the problem of surplus human population C To emphasize the biologist's role in solving the world's problems D To advise biologists to carry out extensive research into genetic engineering READING COMPREHENSION In early civilizations, citizens were educated informally, usually within the family unit Education meant simply learning to live As civilizations became more complex, however, education became more formal, structured, and comprehensive Initial efforts of the ancient Chinese and Greek societies concentrated solely on the education of males The postBabylonian Jews and Plato were exceptions to this pattern Plato was apparently the first significant advocate of the equality of the sexes Women, in his ideal state, would have the same rights and duties and the same educational opportunities as men This aspect of Platonic philosophy, however, had little or no effect on education for many centuries, and the concept of a liberal education for men only, which had been espoused by Aristotle, prevailed In ancient Rome, the availability of an education was gradually extended to women, but they were taught separately from men The early Christians and medieval Europeans continued this trend, and single-sex schools for the privileged classes prevailed through the Reformation period Gradually, however, education for women on a separate but equal basis to that provided for men was becoming a clear responsibility of society Martin Luther appealed for civil support of schools for all children At the Council of Trent in the 16th century, the Roman Catholic Church encouraged the establishment of free primary schools for children of all classes The concept of facebook.com/tienganh.conguyetca - hotline: 098.113.8785 universal primary education, regardless of sex, had been born, but it was still in the realm of the single-sex school In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, co-education became a more widely applied principle of educational philosophy In Britain, Germany, and the Soviet Union the education of boys and girls in the same classes became an accepted practice Since World War II, Japan and the Scandinavian countries have also adopted relatively universal co-educational systems The greatest negative reaction to co-education has been felt in the teaching systems of the Latin countries, where the sexes have usually been separated at both primary and secondary levels, according to local conditions A number of studies have indicated that girls seem to perform better overall and in science in particular in single-sex classes: during the adolescent years, pressure to conform to stereotypical female gender roles may disadvantage girls in traditionally male subjects, making them reluctant to volunteer for experimental work while taking part in lessons In Britain, academic league tables point to high standards achieved in girls' schools Some educationalists therefore suggest segregation of the sexes as a good thing, particularly in certain areas, and a number of schools are experimenting with the idea Question 1: Ancient education generally focused its efforts on A on male learners B both sexes C female learners D young people only Question 2: Education in early times was mostly aimed at A teaching skills B learning to live C learning new lifestyles D imparting survival skills Question 3: The first to support the equality of the sexes was A the Chinese B the Greek C Plato D the Jews Question 4: The word "informally" in this context mostly refers to an education occurring A in classrooms B outside the school C in a department D ability Question 5: When education first reached women, they were A locked up in a place with men B isolated from normal life C deprived of opportunities D separated from men Question 6: When the concept of universal primary education was introduced, education A was given free to all B was intended for all the sexes C focused on imparting skills D was intended to leave out female learners Question 7: The word "espouse" is contextually closest in meaning to " " A to introduce B to put off C to give D to induce facebook.com/tienganh.conguyetca - hotline: 098.113.8785 A picking B learning C exciting D meeting Question 4: Which of the following statements is NOT true? A Anburn was a commercial areas B M.L’s grandfather built their home on Anburn Avenue in 1909 C M.L grew up in a rich, black neighborhood D M.L’s childhood was uneventful Question 5: According to the author, blacks in King's neighborhood were involved in all the following businesses and services EXCEPT A dentistry B medicine C law D banking Question 6: According to the author, King was influenced by A community spirit B black lawyers C his mother D his speeches Question 7: The word "thrived" refers to which of the following? A achieved B surrendered C flourished D held Question 8: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "seemingly"? A apparently B inevitable C inexplicable D hastily Question 9: The word "mingling" could best be replaced by which of the following? A interfering B gargling C consuming D associating Question 10: According to the author, M.L A had a difficult childhood B was a good musician as a child C loved to listen to his grandfather speak D grew up in a relatively rich area of Atlanta READING COMPREHENSION The biologist's role in society as well as his moral and ethical responsibility in the discovery and development of new ideas has led to a reassessment of his social and scientific value systems A scientist can no longer ignore the consequences of his discoveries; he is as facebook.com/tienganh.conguyetca - hotline: 098.113.8785 24 concerned with the possible misuses of his findings as he is with the basic research in which he is involved This emerging social and political role of the biologist and all other scientists requires a weighing of values that cannot be done with the accuracy or the objectivity of a laboratory balance As a member of society, it is necessary for a biologist now to redefine his social obligations and his functions, particularly in the realm of making judgments about such ethical problems as man's control of his environment or his manipulation of genes to direct further evolutionary development As a result of recent discoveries concerning hereditary mechanisms, genetic engineering, by which human traits are made to order, may soon be a reality As desirable as it may seem to be, such an accomplishment would entail many value judgments Who would decide, for example, which traits should be selected for change? In cases of genetic deficiencies and disease, the desirability of the change is obvious, but the possibilities for social misuse are so numerous that they may far outweigh the benefits Probably the greatest biological problem of the future, as it is of the present, will be to find ways to curb environmental pollution without interfering with man's constant effort to improve the quality of his life Many scientists believe that underlying the spectre of pollution is the problem of surplus human population A rise in population necessitates an increase in the operations of modern industry, the waste products of which increase the pollution of air, water, and soil The question of how many people the resources of the Earth can support is one of critical importance Although the solutions to these and many other problems are yet to be found, they indicate the need for biologists to work with social scientists and other members of society in order to determine the requirements necessary for maintaining a healthy and productive planet For although many of man's present and future problems may seem to be essentially social, political, or economic in nature, they have biological ramifications that could affect the very existence of life itself Question 1: According to the passage, a modern scientist should be more concerned about A his basic research B.the development of new ideas C his manipulation of genes D the consequences of his discoveries Question 2: The pronoun "it" in paragraph refers to A a reality B an accomplishment facebook.com/tienganh.conguyetca - hotline: 098.113.8785 25 C genetic engineering D hereditary mechanism Question 3: It is implied in the passage that genetic engineering A may us more harm than good C is the most desirable for life B is no longer desirable D will change all human traits Question 4: The pronoun "they" in paragraph refers to A discoveries concerning hereditary mechanisms B effects of genetic engineering misuse C cases of genetic deficiencies D possibilities for genetic deficiencies Question 5: What is probably the most important biological problem mentioned in the passage? A social and economic deficiencies B manipulation of genes C genetic engineering misuse D environmental pollution Question 6: The word "which" in paragraph refers to A activities of an overpopulated society's industry B the waste products dumped into our environment C activities of surplus human population D serious environmental pollution Question 7: The word "underlying" in paragraph could best be replaced by " " A noticing B causing C finding D depriving Question 8: According to the passage, to save our planet, biologists should work A harder and harder B accurately and objectively C on social and political purposes D with other social scientists Question 9: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "ramifications" in paragraph 4? A useful experiments B effective techniques C harmful consequences D latest developments Question 10: What is the author's purpose in this passage? A To conduct a survey of the biologist's role in society B To urge biologists to solve the problem of surplus human population C To emphasize the biologist's role in solving the world's problems D To advise biologists to carry out extensive research into genetic engineering facebook.com/tienganh.conguyetca - hotline: 098.113.8785 26 READING COMPREHENSION In early civilizations, citizens were educated informally, usually within the family unit Education meant simply learning to live As civilizations became more complex, however, education became more formal, structured, and comprehensive Initial efforts of the ancient Chinese and Greek societies concentrated solely on the education of males The postBabylonian Jews and Plato were exceptions to this pattern Plato was apparently the first significant advocate of the equality of the sexes Women, in his ideal state, would have the same rights and duties and the same educational opportunities as men This aspect of Platonic philosophy, however, had little or no effect on education for many centuries, and the concept of a liberal education for men only, which had been espoused by Aristotle, prevailed In ancient Rome, the availability of an education was gradually extended to women, but they were taught separately from men The early Christians and medieval Europeans continued this trend, and single-sex schools for the privileged classes prevailed through the Reformation period Gradually, however, education for women on a separate but equal basis to that provided for men was becoming a clear responsibility of society Martin Luther appealed for civil support of schools for all children At the Council of Trent in the 16th century, the Roman Catholic Church encouraged the establishment of free primary schools for children of all classes The concept of universal primary education, regardless of sex, had been born, but it was still in the realm of the single-sex school In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, co-education became a more widely applied principle of educational philosophy In Britain, Germany, and the Soviet Union the education of boys and girls in the same classes became an accepted practice Since World War II, Japan and the Scandinavian countries have also adopted relatively universal co-educational systems The greatest negative reaction to co-education has been felt in the teaching systems of the Latin countries, where the sexes have usually been separated at both primary and secondary levels, according to local conditions A number of studies have indicated that girls seem to perform better overall and in science in particular in single-sex classes: during the adolescent years, pressure to conform to stereotypical female gender roles may disadvantage girls in traditionally male subjects, making them reluctant to volunteer for experimental work while taking part in lessons In Britain, academic league tables point to high standards achieved in girls' schools Some educationalists therefore suggest segregation of the sexes as a good thing, particularly in certain areas, and a number of schools are experimenting with the idea facebook.com/tienganh.conguyetca - hotline: 098.113.8785 27 Question 1: Ancient education generally focused its efforts on A on male learners B both sexes C female learners D young people only Question 2: Education in early times was mostly aimed at A teaching skills B learning to live C learning new lifestyles D imparting survival skills Question 3: The first to support the equality of the sexes was A the Chinese B the Greek C Plato D the Jews Question 4: The word "informally" in this context mostly refers to an education occurring A in classrooms B outside the school C in a department D ability Question 5: When education first reached women, they were A locked up in a place with men B isolated from normal life C deprived of opportunities D separated from men Question 6: When the concept of universal primary education was introduced, education A was given free to all B.was intended for all the sexes C focused on imparting skills D was intended to leave out female learners Question 7: The word "espouse" is contextually closest in meaning to " " A to introduce B to put off C to give D to induce Question 8: Co-ed was negatively responded to in A Japan B the Scandinavian countries C South American countries D conservative countries Question 9: The word "tables" is closest in meaning to " " A shapes B meeting tables C personalities D figures Question 10: The word "segregation" may be understood as " " A grouping B mixture C separation D extraction READING COMPREHENSION Commuting is the practice of travelling a long distance to a town or city to work each day, and then travelling home again in the evening The word commuting comes from commutation ticket, a US rail ticket for repeated journeys, called a season ticket in Britain Regular travellers are called commuters facebook.com/tienganh.conguyetca - hotline: 098.113.8785 28 The US has many commuters A few, mostly on the East Coast, commute by train or subway, but most depend on the car Some leave home very early to avoid the traffic jams, and sleep in their cars until their office opens Many people accept a long trip to work so that they can live in quiet bedroom communities away from the city, but another reason is ‘white flight’ In the 1960s most cities began to desegregate their schools, so that there were no longer separate schools for white and black children Many white families did not want to send their children to desegregated schools, so they moved to the suburbs, which have their own schools, and where, for various reasons, few black people live Millions of people in Britain commute by car or train Some spend two or three hours a day travelling, so that they and their families can live in suburbia or in the countryside Cities are surrounded by commuter belts Part of the commuter belt around London is called the stockbroker belt because it contains houses where rich business people live Some places are becoming dormitory towns, because people sleep there but take little part in local activities Most commuters travel to and from work at the same time, causing the morning and evening rush hours, when buses and trains are crowded and there are traffic jams on the roads Commuters on trains rarely talk to each other and spend their journey reading, sleeping or using their mobile phones, though this is not popular with other passengers Increasing numbers of people now work at home some days of the week, linked to their offices by computer, a practice called telecommuting Cities in both Britain and the US are trying to reduce the number of cars coming into town each day Some companies encourage car pooling (called car sharing in Britain), an arrangement for people who live and work near each other to travel together Some US cities have a public service that helps such people to contact each other, and traffic lanes are reserved for car-pool vehicles But cars and petrol/gas are cheap in the US, and many people prefer to drive alone because it gives them more freedom In Britain many cities have park-andride schemes, car parks on the edge of the city from which buses take drivers into the centre Question 1: Which of the following definitions of commuting would the author of this passage most probably agree with? A Travelling to work and then home again in a day within a rural district B Travelling for hours from a town or city to work in the countryside every day C Regularly travelling a long distance between one’s place of work and one’s home facebook.com/tienganh.conguyetca - hotline: 098.113.8785 29 D Using a commutation ticket for special journeys in all seasons of the year Question 2: The word “repeated” in paragraph most probably means A buying a season ticket again B happening again and again C saying something again D doing something once again Question 3: The passage mentions that many Americans are willing to travel a long distance to work in order to be able to live in A quiet neighbourhoods B comfortable bedrooms C city centres D noisy communities Question 4: Which of the following is true according to the passage? A The US has considerably more commuters than Britain B Commuting helps people in the US and Britain save a lot of time C Britain has considerably more commuters than the US D Both the US and Britain have a great number of commuters Question 5: Which of the following is NOT true about the London commuter belt? A It surrounds London B It is in central London C It is home to some wealthy business people D It is like “bedroom communities” in the US Question 6: It can be inferred from the passage that dormitory towns in Britain are places where people A stay for the night B contribute to the local community C are employed locally D take part in local activities Question 7: As mentioned in the passage, commuters usually A talk to each other during train journeys B go to work at different hours C go home from work at different hours D cause traffic congestion on the roads facebook.com/tienganh.conguyetca - hotline: 098.113.8785 30 Question 8: The phrase “linked to” in paragraph is closest in meaning to A shared with B satisfied with C connected to D related to Question 9: All of the following are measures to reduce the number of cars coming into town each day in the US and/or Britain EXCEPT A traffic lanes for car pooling B free car parks in the city centre C park-and-ride schemes D car pooling/sharing Question 10: The word “it” in the last paragraph refers to A travelling together B car pool C driving alone D petrol/gas READING COMPREHENSION Even before the turn of the century, movies began to develop in two major directions: the realistic and the formalistic Realism and formalism are merely general, rather than absolute, terms When used to suggest a tendency toward either polarity, such labels can be helpful, but in the end they are still just labels Few films are exclusively formalist in style, and fewer yet are completely realist There is also an important difference between realism and reality, although this distinction is often forgotten Realism is a particular style, whereas physical reality is the source of all the raw materials of film, both realistic and formalistic Virtually all movie directors go to the photographable world for their subject matter, but what they with this material - how they shape and manipulate it - determines their stylistic emphasis Generally speaking, realistic films attempt to reproduce the surface of concrete reality with a minimum of distortion In photographing objects and events, the filmmaker tries to suggest the copiousness of life itself Both realist and formalist film directors must select (and hence emphasize) certain details from the chaotic sprawl of reality But the element of selectivity in realistic films is less obvious Realists, in short, try to preserve the illusion that their film world is unmanipulated, an objective mirror of the actual world Formalists, on the other hand, make no such pretense They deliberately stylize and distort their raw materials so that only the very naive would mistake a manipulated image of an object or event for the real thing We rarely notice the style in a realistic movie; the artist tends to be self-effacing Some filmmakers are more concerned with what is being shown than how it is manipulated The camera is used conservatively It is essentially a recording mechanism that reproduces the surface of tangible objects with as little commentary as possible A high premium is placed on facebook.com/tienganh.conguyetca - hotline: 098.113.8785 31 simplicity, spontaneity, and directness This is not to suggest that these movies lack artistry, however, for at its best the realistic cinema specializes in art that conceals art Question What does the passage mainly discuss? A Acting styles B Film plots C Styles of filmmaking D Filmmaking 100 years ago Question With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree? A Realism and formalism are outdated terms B Most films are neither exclusively realistic nor formalistic C Realistic films are more popular than formalistic ones D Formalistic films are less artistic than realistic ones Question Whom does the author say is primarily responsible for the style of a film? A The director B The actors C The producer D The camera operator Question The word "shape" is closest in meaning to _ A specify B form C understand D achieve Question The word "preserve" is closest in meaning to A encourage B maintain C reflect D attain Question The word "They" refers to _ A films B realists C formalists D raw materials Question How can one recognize the formalist style? A It uses familiar images B It is very impersonal C It obviously manipulates images D It mirrors the actual world Question The word "tangible" is closest in meaning to A concrete B complex C various D comprehensible Question Which of the following terms is NOT used to describe realism in filmmaking? A Simple B Spontaneous C Self-effacing D Exaggerated Question 10 Which of the following films would most likely use a realist style? A A travel documentary B A science fiction film C A musical drama D An animated cartoon READING COMPREHENSION facebook.com/tienganh.conguyetca - hotline: 098.113.8785 32 Esperanto is what is called a planned, or artificial, language It was created more than a century ago by Polish eye doctor Ludwik Lazar Zamenhof Zamenhof believed that a common language would help to alleviate some of the misunderstandings among cultures In Zamenhof’s first attempt at a universal language, he tried to create a language that was as uncomplicated as possible This first language included words such as ab, ac, ba, eb, be, and ce This did not result in a workable language in that these monosyllabic words, though short, were not easy to understand or to retain Next, Zamenhof tried a different way of constructing a simplified language He made the words in his language sound like words that people already knew, but he simplified the grammar tremendously One example of how he simplified the language can be seen in the suffixes: all nouns in this language end in o, as in the noun amiko, which means “friend”, and all adjectives end in -a, as in the adjective bela, which means “pretty” Another example of the simplified language can be seen in the prefix mal-, which makes a word opposite in meaning; the word malamiko therefore means “enemy”, and the word malbela therefore means “ugly” in Zamenhof’s language In 1887, Zamenhof wrote a description of this language and published it He used a pen name, Dr Esperanto, when signing the book He selected the name Esperanto because this word means “a person who hopes” in his language Esperanto clubs began popping up throughout Europe, and by 1950, Esperanto had spread from Europe to America and Asia In 1905, the First World Congress of Esperanto took place in France, with approximately700 attendees from 20 different countries Congresses were held annually for nine years, and 4,000 attendees were registered for the Tenth World Esperanto Congress scheduled for 1914, when World War I erupted and forced its cancellation Esperanto has had its ups and downs in the period since World War I Today, years after it was introduced, it is estimated that perhaps a quarter of a million people are fluent in it This may seem like a large number, but it is really quite small when compared with the billion English speakers and billion Mandarin Chinese speakers in today’s world Current advocates would like to see its use grow considerably and are taking steps to try to make this happen Question 1: The topic of this passage is A one man’s efforts to create a universal language B how language can be improve C using language to communicate internationally D a language developed in the last few years facebook.com/tienganh.conguyetca - hotline: 098.113.8785 33 Question 2: According to the passage, Zamenhof wanted to create a universal language A to build a name for himself B to provide a more complex language C to resolve cultural differences D to create one world culture Question 3: It can be inferred from the passage that the Esperanto word malespera means A hopeless B hope C hopelessness D hopeful Question 4: The expression “popping up” in line 17 could best be replaced by A shouting B opening C hiding D leaping Question 5: It can be inferred from the passage that the Third World Congress of Esperanto took place A in 1905 B in 1909 C in 1907 D in 1913 Question 76: According to the passage, what happened to the Tenth World Esperanto Congress? A It had attendees from20 countries B It never took place C It had 4,000 attendees D It was scheduled for 1915 Question 7: The expression “ups and downs” is closest in meaning to A tops and bottoms B floors and ceilings C takeoffs and landings D highs and lows Question 8: Which paragraph describes the predecessor to Esperanto? A The first paragraph B The second paragraph C The third paragraph D The fourth paragraph Question 9: The passage would most likely be assigned reading in a course on A European history B English grammar C world government D applied linguistics Question 10: The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses A how current supporters of Esperanto are encouraging its growth B another of Zamenhof’s accomplishments C the disadvantages of using an artificial language D attempts to reconvene the World Congress of Esperanto in the 1920s READING COMPREHENSION Ocean water plays an indispensable role in supporting life The great ocean basins hold about 300 million cubic miles of water From this vast amount, about 80,000 cubic miles of water facebook.com/tienganh.conguyetca - hotline: 098.113.8785 34 are sucked into the atmosphere each year by evaporation and returned by precipitation and drainage to the ocean More than 24,000 cubic miles of rain descend annually upon the continents This vast amount is required to replenish the lakes and streams, springs and water tables on which all flora and fauna are dependent Thus, the hydrosphere permits organic existence The hydrosphere has strange characteristics because water has properties unlike those of any other liquid One anomaly is that water upon freezing expands by about percent, whereas most liquids contract on cooling For this reason, ice floats on water bodies instead of sinking to the bottom If the ice sank, the hydrosphere would soon be frozen solidly, except for a thin layer of surface melt water during the summer season Thus, all aquatic life would be destroyed and the interchange of warm and cold currents, which moderates climate, would be notably absent Another outstanding characteristic of water is that water has a heat capacity which is the highest of all liquids and solids except ammonia This characteristic enables the oceans to absorb and store vast quantities of heat, thereby often preventing climatic extremes In addition, water dissolves more substances than any other liquid It is this characteristic which helps make oceans a great storehouse for minerals which have been washed down from the continents In several areas of the world these minerals are being commercially exploited Solar evaporation of salt is widely practiced, potash is extracted from the Dead Sea, and magnesium is produced from seawater along the American Gulf Coast Question 1: The author’s main purpose in this passage is to _ A explain how water is used in commerce and industry B compare water with other liquids C illustrate the importance of conserving water D describe the properties and uses of water Question 2: According to the passage, fish can survive in the oceans because _ A they not need oxygen B ice floats C evaporation and condensation create a water cycle D there are currents in the oceans Question 3: The word “outstanding” in paragraph is closest in meaning to _ A exceptionally good B special C important D amusing Question 4: According to the passage, the hydrosphere is NOT _ A a source of natural resources B the part of the earth covered by water facebook.com/tienganh.conguyetca - hotline: 098.113.8785 35 C responsible for all forms of life D in danger of freezing over Question 5: The word “replenish” in paragraph can best be replaced by _ A replace B evaporate C fill again D form Question 6: The phrase “This vast amount” refers to _ A 80,000 million cubic miles of water B 300 million cubic miles of water C 24,000 cubic miles of rain D 80,000 cubic miles of water Question 7: The author’s tone in the passage can best be described as _ A speculative B dogmatic C biased D dispassionate Question 8: Which of the following statements would be most likely to begin the paragraph immediately following the passage? A Another remarkably property of ice is its strength B Water has the ability to erode land C Droughts and flooding are two types of disasters associated with water D Magnesium is widely used in metallurgical processes Question 9: The author organizes the passage by _ A juxtaposition of true and untrue ideas B hypothesis and proof C general statements followed by examples D comparison and contrast Question 10: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a characteristic of water? A Water contracts on cooling B Water can absorb heat C Water is a good solvent D Water expands when it is frozen READING COMPREHENSION 10 Colors are one of the most exciting experiences in life I love them, and they are just as important to me as emotions are Have you ever wondered how the two are so intimately related? Color directly affects your emotions Color both reflects the current state of your emotions, and is something that you can use to improve or change your emotions The color that you choose to wear either reflects your current state of being, or reflects the color or emotion that you need The colors that you wear affect you much more than they affect the people around you Of course they also affect anyone who comes in contrast with you, but you are the one saturated with the color all day ! I even choose items around me based on their color In the morning, I choose my clothes based on the color or emotion that I need for the day So you can facebook.com/tienganh.conguyetca - hotline: 098.113.8785 36 consciously use color to control the emotions that you are exposed to, which can help you to feel better Color, sound, and emotions are all vibrations Emotions are literally energy in motion; they are meant to move and flow This is the reason that real feelings are the fastest way to get your energy in motion Also, flowing energy is exactly what creates healthy cells in your body So, the fastest way to be healthy is to be open to your real feelings Alternately, the fastest way to create disease is to inhibit your emotions Question 1: What is the main idea of the passage? A Colors can help you become healthy B Colorful clothes can change your mood C Emotions and colors are closely related to each other D Colors are one of the most exciting Question 2: Which of the following can be affected by color? A Your need for thrills B Your appetite C Your friend's feelings D Your mood Question 3: Who is more influenced by colors you wear? A Anyone B Your family C The people around you are more influenced D You are more influenced Question 4: According to the passage, what color, sound, and emotion all have in common? A They are all forms of motion B None is correct C They all affect the cells of the body D They are all related to health Question 5: According to this passage, what creates disease? A Wearing the color black B Ignoring your emotions C Being open to your emotions D Exposing yourself to bright colors Question 6: The term "intimately" in paragraph is closest in meaning to A simply B clearly C closely D obviously Question 7: The term "they" in paragraph refers to A none of these B colors C people D emotions Question 8: Why does the author mention that color and emotions are both vibrations? A Because vibrations make you healthy B Because they both affect how we feel C To prove the relationship between emotions and color D To show how color can affect energy levels in the body facebook.com/tienganh.conguyetca - hotline: 098.113.8785 37 Question 9: The phrase "saturated with" in paragraph is closest in meaning to A covered with B lacking in C bored with D in need of Question 10: What is the purpose of the passage? A to give an objective account of how colors affect emotions B to persuade the reader that colors can influence emotions and give a person more energy C to show that colors are important for a healthy life D to prove the relationship between color and emotion facebook.com/tienganh.conguyetca - hotline: 098.113.8785 38 [...]... realism and reality, although this distinction is often forgotten Realism is a particular style, whereas physical reality is the facebook.com/tienganh.conguyetca - hotline: 098.113.8785 12 source of all the raw materials of film, both realistic and formalistic Virtually all movie directors go to the photographable world for their subject matter, but what they do with this material - how they shape... moral and ethical responsibility in the discovery and development of new ideas has led to a reassessment of his social and scientific value systems A scientist can no longer ignore the consequences of his discoveries; he is as facebook.com/tienganh.conguyetca - hotline: 098.113.8785 24 concerned with the possible misuses of his findings as he is with the basic research in which he is involved This emerging... following definitions of commuting would the author of this passage most probably agree with? A Travelling to work and then home again in a day within a rural district B Travelling for hours from a town or city to work in the countryside every day C Regularly travelling a long distance between one’s place of work and one’s home facebook.com/tienganh.conguyetca - hotline: 098.113.8785 29 D Using a commutation... perhaps a quarter of a million people are fluent in it This may seem like a large number, but it is really quite small when compared with the billion English speakers and billion Mandarin Chinese speakers in today’s world Current advocates would like to see its use grow considerably and are taking steps to try to make this happen Question 1: The topic of this passage is A one man’s efforts to create a universal... basins hold about 300 million cubic miles of water From this vast amount, about 80,000 cubic miles of water facebook.com/tienganh.conguyetca - hotline: 098.113.8785 34 are sucked into the atmosphere each year by evaporation and returned by precipitation and drainage to the ocean More than 24,000 cubic miles of rain descend annually upon the continents This vast amount is required to replenish the lakes... malamiko therefore means “enemy”, and the word malbela therefore means “ugly” in Zamenhof’s language In 1887, Zamenhof wrote a description of this language and published it He used a pen name, Dr Esperanto, when signing the book He selected the name Esperanto because this word means “a person who hopes” in his language Esperanto clubs began popping up throughout Europe, and by 1950, Esperanto had spread... 4,000 facebook.com/tienganh.conguyetca - hotline: 098.113.8785 14 attendees were registered for the Tenth World Esperanto Congress scheduled for 1914, when World War I erupted and forced its cancellation Esperanto has had its ups and downs in the period since World War I Today, years after it was introduced, it is estimated that perhaps a quarter of a million people are fluent in it This may seem like a... the billion English speakers and billion Mandarin Chinese speakers in today’s world Current advocates would like to see its use grow considerably and are taking steps to try to make this happen Question 1: The topic of this passage is A one man’s efforts to create a universal language B how language can be improve C using language to communicate internationally D a language developed in the last few... highs and lows Question 8: Which paragraph describes the predecessor to Esperanto? A The first paragraph B The second paragraph C The third paragraph D The fourth paragraph Question 9: The passage would most likely be assigned reading in a course on facebook.com/tienganh.conguyetca - hotline: 098.113.8785 15 A European history B English grammar C world government D applied linguistics Question 10: The... supporting life The great ocean basins hold about 300 million cubic miles of water From this vast amount, about 80,000 cubic miles of water are sucked into the atmosphere each year by evaporation and returned by precipitation and drainage to the ocean More than 24,000 cubic miles of rain descend annually upon the continents This vast amount is required to replenish the lakes and streams, springs and water