TRUONG HAN SIEU cu6c Ddi SI/ NGHIEP THd VAN • • ^ HOI VAN HOC NGHE THUAT NINH BJNH - 2000 TRUfdMG HAM SI£U CUOC Ddi - SL/ NGHIEP - THd VAN (LA DANG BAT BIEN SOAN) r^'L O HOI VAN HOC NGHE THUAT NINH BINH - 2000 ' -h > ! J Ldi GICll THIEU ! nd BAN LiNH VAN HOA TRtfdNG HAN SIEU Giao sU: NGUYEN HUE CHI Trudng ban Van hoc co va can dai VIEN VAN HOC VIET NAM Khong d dau tren manh dat Viet Nam co dugc mot thang canh uu my nhu niii Non Nudc d Ninh Binh Mot hon niii khong ghe gdm ve tam cao va tam dd sg, ngugc lai cd the ndi la nho be niJa Mgt hdn niii cung khong co gi ggi la giau san vat, CO cay va muong thu, ma nhieu lam chi la vai mUai gdc cd thu giai dang bam sau vao da, va thap thoang difdi tang cay la bong dang cua mot vai loai chim The nhung, nai day lai luu gii? mot thuf sdn vat cd the ndi la vo gia, va luu giijf vdi so' lugng vUgt troi hon bat ky mot hon mii nao: ay la nhiing bai tha, bai vSn dugc khac len vach da ke tit the ky XIII cho den tan nuTa dau the ky XX (Neu khao sat them cac thu tich thi tif the ky XI cQng tiing cd vSn bia khac d day nhUng thdi gian da lam cho mai mgt) Mgt tang thU thien nhien dgc dao ton tai sudt bay the ky! Ndi mgt each hinh tUgng han thi lich sU dat nUdc vo tinh hay huTu y da danh cho hdn Non Nudc cai vi the mot bo h g p tuyen thd v a n so ma tufng trang sach cQiig la titng vach niii cao thap khac nhau, ngvfdi in s a c h la vo sd thg da vo danh cac thdi dai, chia miet mai khac chCif len da, va ngUdi s c a n sach la hang loat danh si cU phach ndi tiep ddi qua ddi khac suo't 700 nam Ve mat nay, niii Non Nudc co the sanh vdi niii Thai San cua Trung Qudc, nai khac rat nhieu tha van cua danh nhan danh si Trung Hoa, da dugc UNESCO xep vao danh muc nhiJng di san diifng vao hang the gidi nn^,,:, (Qyp Y^^^y g^j^ rYram Van Giap dich) Khong deo bam lay he tu tudng ciia minh nhU mpt thii" chu nghia dpc ton va coi la "khuon vang thudc ngpc" bat kha xam pham, trai lai biet nhin no tinh than thUc sU cau thi, va tiep mang, ngoanh nhin rdi bd di theo dfldiig khac Do cung la the tat nhien Chua Khai Nghiem d xa Thfl Nhi, tong Nhu Ngdt, m i i n tren Id Bac Ha (6) la ngdi chua cdng chua Nguyet Sinh trieu Ly (7) xay dirng Xung quanh: nui Tien San chau phia Nam, sdng Diim giang (8) bao phia Bac; canh dep ca mdt vung thfle da quy tu d nai day Nhflng tiec thay quy md xay dflng trflde da dd nat ching cdn duge bao nhieu Luc dd Chu Tue lam chflc Ndi nhan hda dau (9) dat d i n dan lang gdp cdng xay dUng lai Khdi cdng tfl nam Quy Dau, nien hieu Khai Hflu thfl nam, de'n nam At Hgi nien hieu Khai Hflu thfl bay (10) thi xong Trong chua dien Phat, phdng tang deu theo kieu cu Ngay lam l i khanh thanh, gia tre ca mdt vung deUy dhip tay khen nggi, tfldng nhfl cdng chua Nguyet Sinh sdng lai Mua ddng nam Mau D i n (11) Chu Tue than hanh den phu Thien Trfldng xin ta viet cho bai ky va ndi: - Chua xUa vdn cd chudng, mdi thay bang bia da Neu khdng ghi lai sU tich, sg sau mai mgt mat dau xUa (12) Ta ndi: - Chua hdng lai xay da ngoai y mud'n cua ta thi viec dung bia k h i c chfl cd can he gi de'n van tfl cua 82 ta? Va lai triiu mudn md mang giao hda de sfla doi phong tuc ddi bai Di doan (13) dang phai truat bd, chinh dao phai dflgc phuc hflng Da la ke sy dai phu, neu khdng phai dao Nghieu Thuan, khdng bay td trUdc vua; khdng phai dao Khdng Manh, khdng trUde thuat The ma ta lai duang duang tu die, ban bac dai ddng vi dao Phat, ta se Ifla dd'i ai? Tuy nhien, Chu Tue da tflng lam Ndi mat vien, thdng tao viec ty tao; den luc tudi gia khinh dudng sy hoan, ham viec bd thi, cd tfl bdng ldc, tU xin v i an dat de duge an nhan, thi dd la viec ta mud'n hgc ma chUa dugc Cho nen dd cung la viec dang ghi chep vay Ngay 15 thang nam Ky Mao, nien hieu Khai Huu thfl 11 (25-3-1339) Chinh nghi dai phu, Han lam hgc sy, Tri che cao kiem Thiem tri ndi mat vien sfl Chudng bao tfl kim ngfl dai nha thuy Trflang Han Sieu tfl Thang Phu viet (NGUYfiN D t r c VAN dich) (1) Tdm bia hiin vdn ddt tgi chiia, a xd Vgng Nguyet, huyen Yin Phong, tinh Bdc Ninh ngdy Bia dd diigc khdc lgi vdo ddi Quang Todn (2) Tugng gido: Thudt ngii dgo Phdt chi phuang phdp truyin day bdng hinh tugng ., ,• 83 ! (3) Khd khdng: Cd thi'gidi diu Id khdng, hu (khdng c6 ta, khdng cd mgi vdt ), tdt cd deu Id "khd" (gidu cung kh6, ngheo cung kho, vui budn sung sildng deu Id khS) (4) Ao thdm, vdng: Ao cila cdc nhd su thudng mdu thdm Mdu vdng chl sU sdi (5) Chu, Thieu: Chu cdng tin Id Ddn vd Thiiu cdng tin li Thich thu! Chu Vdn Vuang Hai ngudi diu Id hiin thdn ciia nhd Chu, rdt cd cdng xdy dung vd bdo vi nin vdn hda chinh tri ciia nhd Chu thdi dd (6) Xem chil thich (1) ciing bdi (7) Cdng chiia Nguyet Sinh: chUa ro vua ndo trieu Ly (8) Sdng Diim Giang: Mgt khue cila sdng Cdu ngdy (9) Ndi nhdn hda ddu: Mdt chdc quan to hdu cdn nhd vua, chua rd chuyin vi viec gl (10) Khai Huu: Niin hieu ciia Trdn Hii'n Tdng (1329 1341) Chiia bdt ddu xdy dung lgi tit 1333 den 1335 thi xong (11) Tilc ndm 1338 (12) Cdu ndy y ndi: Chiia Khai Nghiem tritdc cd bdi bia hay bdi ky khdc tren chudng, dinh thay bdng bia dd (13) Di doan: Nho gido diing tic ndy di chl nhiing hi tU tudng khdc ddi ldp vdi dgo Nho nhu dgo Phdt, dgo Lao • ::ii: '••, • • O^jr^ :'l5r.'rri>V:) •' ' 84 *v "::\-}S{ ':"• B a n dich: BAI KY THAP LINH TE NUI DUC THUY (1) (Due Thiiy scfn Linh Te t h a p ky) • , • ; * Que ta nhiiu canh dep, thud thieu thdi dao chai, in da'u chan h i u k h i p Tflng dflng thuyin len nui nay, vd ta'm bia ben vach nui, cao reu ma dpc ky, mdi biet ngdi thap cu day xay tfl nam Tan Mui, nien hieu Quang HUu thfl triiu Ly De'n treo len tan dinh cheo leo, chi tha'y n i n hoang ngdi vd vui lap gifla lum cay ram rap, da tang ngdn ngang, bat giac bui ngui than thd Sao sU vong bai mdi trai hai tram may muai nam ma da trd dau vet cu ky? Rdi day se mai mdt ca U? Hay lai cd ngUdi xay dUng lai? Tfl cd vu tru da cd nui nay, khach len nui dao chai rdi vang bdng, khdng biet da bao ngfldi? Vi sau ta lam khach bdn phflang, gifl viec quan tai triiu, lam dfl chflc nai Dai s i n h (2) thi chdn an dat xfla d ben trdi chi cdn ddi luc dflgc vi tham giac mgng ma thdi! Vao mua ddng nam thfl hai sau dflc vua len ngdi (3), ta dang d Kinh thi vi son tang la Tri Nhu tdi bao rang: - Viec xay dung lai thap bau b i t dau tfl nam 85 Dinh Sflu, nien hieu Khai Huu (4), qua nam trdn, da xong, xin dng lam cho bai ky Cdng dflc to ldn khdng biet chflng nao ma viec bao flng cung vay Khi mdi xem da't de khdi cdng, sU Dflc Van dem chiem bao thay ban mdt nghin ngfldi tu hpp d dinh nui, dd cd ba vi quy nhan, tUdng mao khac thudng, bao vdi mpi ngUdi rang: "Cac ngUai nen biet xay thap la mdt viec tdt dep, de cflu vdt chung sinh thoat khdi tam dd" (5) Hdm b i t tay vao viec, sfl Dflc Mdn lai chiem bao tha'y dflc Tnic lam Phd Tue (6) ke't an gifl cho thap yen vflng The rdi cac sfl Dflc Tinh, Dflc Minh, ke trflde ngfldi sau dang lam viec xay dudng di vao thap, bdng day rai mdt tang da ldn, ngUdi cung rai theo, lan lpc cdc de'n may nhan (7) Mpi ngdi trdng tha'y deu kinh hai chay tan het, cho rang than the hg tat phai nat vun The ma rai tdi da't, vUc day thi khdng bi tdn thuang mdt chd nao Thap xay bdn tang, dem tda hao quang, ke xa ngUdi gin deu trdng thay rd Tat ca nhflng viec ay, cd viec nao khdng phai phep mau nhiem cua dflc Phat ta Va tdi lai nghe ndi: Xfla vua A Due (8) sai quy t h i n xay bd'n van tam nghin ngdi thap; ngfldi den chiem ngfldng cung bai diu nhfl chinh m i t dflgc trdng tha'y Phat Hinh thap k h i c d diu gay cung cd the trfl dflgc yeu khi; ca ngdi thap vflgt qua be 86 chi phut chdc da lan khuat may mu Sfl viec dd khdng phai la quai dan ma xfla va diu phu hgp; xin k h i c vao bia da, truyin lai cho ddi sau, gufi lai lau dai nai canh chua, dung lam ben ldm ciu te' chung sinh (9) Nhfl vay ching nen sao? Tandi: '•• - • • > - Dflc Thich Ca lao trflgng (10) lay "tam khdng" (11) de chflng dao Khi Phat tich rdi, ddi sau it ngfldi tdn thd giao ly cua Phat ma chi lam me hoac chung sinh Da't thien nam phin, chua chiin chiem mdt, lam cho hu nat dao thudng, hao phi t i i n cua; bpn sfl sai thi ddng dai ma nhflng ngirdi khd khao lai tin theo Nhfl the ma khdng trd thai:h quy quai gian ta, that cung hiem cd Nhflng vie( lam ay khdng the dflgc, khdng the dflgc! Tuy nhien, sfl Tri Nhu la ngfldi theo hau dflc Phd Tue, tham hieu tdn chi cua phai True lam, tu than khd hanh, bd duge li nghi phiin phflc (12) gia hai ban tay khdng ma lam nen viec ldn Nghi de'n viec nha sfl lan chan may, xep tflng hdn da, tfl mdt tac den mdt thfldc, tfl mdt thfldc den mdt nhan, mdt bflde tien them mdt bfldc, mdt t i n g cao thfm mdt ting; tdi hie thap cao sflng sflng, the cham trdi xanh, to them ve dep cua non sdng, tranh «7 cdng xay dflng ciing tao hda, thi bpn sU sai tam thudng dau cd the sanh dugc! Than di, mai sau may tran nam nfla, chdc lat canh tflgng bie'n ddi, neu lai cd ke budng ldi than thd nhu ta, le nao khdng cd vai ngUdi nhU sU Nhu xay dung lai? Viec ay khdng doan trUdc dugc! Cdn nhu non xanh nUde biec, bdng thap in ddng, liic chieu ta budng chiec thuyin lenh denh dudi nui, nang mai bdng nhin quanh ngao nghi, gd man thuyin ca khue Thuang lang (13), thfl sgi day cau tim phong each cao cua Tfl Lang (14), dao chai Ngu Hd hdi fldc cu cua Dao Chu (15), thi canh tinh cd ta vdi non sdng naj bit t ma thdi Miia he ndm Quy Mui, nien hieu Thieu Phong thd (1343) Td ty lang trung, Td gidn nghi dgi phu Truang Hdn Sieu tu Id Thdng Phu ghi (BANG THANH - HUE CHI dich) (1) Bdi ky dugc khdc trin vdch mii Due Thuy - Bdn dich ndy cd tham khdo cdc bdn dich cua Nguyin Nggc San vd Bid Vdn Nguyen vd bdn trich dich cua Thi Nham (2) Ddi sdnh: Dai Hdn ggi Thugng thu Id Trung ddi, vi d Cdm sdnh nin ggi Id Ddi sdnh De'n dai Dudng, Thugng thu sdnh ggi la Trung ddi, mdn hg sdnh ggi la Ddng ddi, Trung thu sdnh ggi Id Tdy ddi Ddi sdnh ndi chung chi nai 88 ldm viec cua cdc quan to ddi xUa Truang Hdn Siiu ldm tdi chile Tham tri chinh sU cung tUang duang vai chdc Thugng thu hay Trung thu sdnh (3) (j ddy Truang Hdn Sieu muon chl Trdn Du Tdng vd n&m thvC tiic Id ndm Nhdm Ngg (1342) (4) Khai Hiiu: Niin hiiu cila Trdn Hien Tdng (1329 -' 1341) Ndm Dinh Silu Id ndm 1337) (5) Tam dd: Hda dd, huyet dd, dgo dd (ba cdi tdi tdm cd ba hinh phat khdc nhau) (6) Trdc ldm Pho Tui: Tdc Phdp Loa, vi td thit hai ddng Thiin True Ldm (7) Nhdn: Mdt dan vi luang cu bdng hogc thitdc Trung Quoc cu (8) A Due: Vua nitdc An Do thdi xUa (9) Chirng sinh: Nhdn logi (10) Chiing tdi tgm dich Id" Ido trugng" (11) Tam khdng: VU tru Id khdng, mgi vdt the gidi la khdng (Khdng cd ta k''dng cd mgi sU vdt vd dd khdng cd ldng mong mudn gl mia) (12) Vi su Tri Nhu vugt ngodi nhiing li nghi phiin philc, nen TrUang Hdn Siiu cd y khen (13) Thuang lang: Von la ten khdc ciia sdng Hdn Thuy, vi sau cd them mgt nghia tugng tning: khue hdt ciia ldng chdi (14) Til Ldng: Ten til ciia Nghiem Quang la bgn cila Quang Vu liic nhd Sau ndy Quang Vu ldm vua, cd mai dng lam quan, dng til chdi, bd ve di cdu a sdng Ddng (15) Ddo Chu: Ten hieu ciia Phgm Ldi ngitdi nildc Sd thai Xudn Thu Ong cd cdng ldn viic giiip Viet Vitang Cdu Tiin phuc qud'c Nhitng cdng viec dd thdnh, dng liin tic quan, cheo ihuyen di chai Ngii Hd roi de'n a ddt Ddo, Idy ten Id Ddo Chu 89 ^ N I E N BIEU T R l / d N G HAN SIEU • (?-1354) Nam CUOC D d i TRUdNG HAN SIEU Trieu vua Truong H a n Sieu, tu la T h a n g Tran Thanh Phu, hieu la Don Tau, ngUdi lang Tdng (1258 Phiic Thanh, huyen Yen Ninh, phu 1278) (Con TrUdng Yen, sau la thdn Phiic Am, trudng vua thudc thi xa Ninh Binh, tinh Tran Thai Ninh Binh Tdng) Tir nam 1285 de'n nam 1288 Tir trUdc nam 1300 den trUdc nam 1308 1308 Tham gia cudc khang chien chdng Tran Nhan quan Nguyen - Mdng lan thuf hai Tdng (1279 (1285) va lan thiiba (1287 - 1288), 1293)(Con vdi cUOng vi la "thu nhi" nhu chiie trudng vua thu ky rieng ciia Tran Hung Dao, Tran Thanh soan thao cac dao sac chuyen den Tdng) nhufng doan quan - Cudc khang chien chdng quan Nguyen - Mdng ke't thuc thiing lpi, Tran Hung Dao tien eu dng vao trieu dinh Tran Anh - Nam 1300 T r i n Hung Dao mat Tdng (1293 - TCf sau nam 1300 den nam 1308, 1314)(Con cd the dng da ve nghi d que mpt trudng vua tlidi gian Tran Nhan Tdng) - Giuf chiifc Han lam hpe sy, soan tliao van chuong cliieu cao de ban bd va van tir ngoai giao ciia trieu dinh - Viet bai bieu "Ta trir Han lam vien trUc hoc sy" dang len vua 91 1326 Khoang nam 1338 1339 Tran Minh Tdng (1314 Giu chiie H a n h K h i e n ( H a m 1329)(Con thu! tu vua Thupng thu) Tran Anh Tdng) Khoang 50 nam sau cudc khang chien chdng quan Nguyen - Mdng thang lpi (1288), viet bai "Bach Tran Hien Dang giang phii" Tdng (13291341)(Con - Lam Mdn hUu ty lang trung thii vua - Ngay 15 thang nam Ky Mao, Tran Minh nien hieu Khai Huu thii 11 (25-3Tdng) 1339) viet bai "Van bia chiia Khai Nghiem" 1341 Cung Nguyen Trung Ngan bien soan bd "Hoang trieu dai dien" va soan bd "Hinh thu" 1342 Giu chu'c Ta ty lang trung kiem k i n h luoc sii L a n g G i a n g Tran Du (Lang Son) Tdng (1341 1369)con Miia he nam Quy Mui, nien hieu thii 10 cua Thieu Phong thir ba viet "Bai ky vua Tran thap Linh Te d niii Due Thuy" Minh Tdng) 1343 1345 Lam Ta gian nghi dai phu (chiic quan chuyen viec can gian nha vua) 1351 Lam Tham tri chinh vdi chu'c Thuong thu) 92 sU (ngang Trudc thang nam 1353 1353 Cd the ve que nghi mdt thdi gian, lam nha ben niii Due Thiiy d Thang (am lich) vao Hda Chau (viing Thira Thien - Hue nay) tran giU bien gidi phia Nam quan Chiem Thanh de'n quay pha y i 1354 - Thang 11 (am lich), bien thiiy yen on, xin trd ve trieu, nhung chua ve tdi kinh sU thi mat - Thi the dupc an tang tai que nha - Dupc truy tang chu'c Thai Bao • ^ - ^ : - ^ i!/.!;:: 1363 Truy tang chufc Thai Phd 1372 Ban t a n g dupe tdng tU d mieu Khong Tuf (Van Mieu - Ha Ndi) 1823 Phu thd d mieu "Lich Dai De Vuong" (Hue) oQ-t n e b tiiiri n s v Tran Nghe Tdng (1370 1372)(Con thu! vua Tran Minh Tdng) Minh Mang (1820 1840) 93 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO - "Dai Viet suf k y t o a n thxi" - Tap II - NXB KHXH - Ha Ndi - 1985 - 'Van t h d Ly - Tran" - Tap II - Quyen thugng - NXB KHXH - Ha Ndi - 1989 - 'Tap chi Van hoc" - Sd - 1994 - Trvtdng Han S i e u - Nha v a n IdTn thdi Tran, danh n h a n v a n h o a d a n toe" - Hoi van hoc nghe thuat Ninh Binh - 1994 9.4 MUC LUC fi^lAUT oviAQ r.y,)' : ,, ;,v, ^ '•, Trang - Ldi gidi thieu ciia GS Nguydn Hue Chi 2- Cudc ddi 15 Su nghiep 23 Tho van 61 Nien bieu Truang Han Sieu 91 Tai lieu thao khao 94 i,': rlf [^:^:i: • ^ j ' CUNG MOT TAC GIA DA IN: — Danh thing Ninh Binh: Tap I - Sd Van hoa Thong tin Ninh Binh - 1993 (in chung) - Tai ban 1994 — TrUdng Han Sieu - Nha van ldn thdi Iran Danh nhan Van hda dan tQC Hpi Van hgc Nghe thuat Ninh Binh 1994 (in Chung) — Ve vdi "Vinh Hg Long cgn": - Sd Van hoa Thong tin* Ninh Binh - 1995 - Tai ban 1996 — Tam Cdc - Bich Dpng - Cong ti Du ijch Tam Cd'c Bich Dong -1996 — Thd Van xUa vjnh c^nh d?p Ninh Binh (SUu tSm, Bien soan) - Sd Du Ijch Ninh Binh - 1996 — Thing cinh Van Long - Cong ti khach san Du lich HoaLU - 1997 — Cinh d?p Ninh Binh - Nha xua't ban The gidi - Ha Noi — — — — — 1997 Chua Djch Lgng - Sd Du ijch Ninh Binh - 1997 Danh nhan Van hpe Ninh Binh - Tap I - Cong ti sach va thiet bj trudng hpe Ninh Binh - 1998 (in chung) Nui Due Thuy - Nha xuat ban The gidi - Ha Npi - 1998 Cddd HoaLU- Nha xua't ban Thanh Nien - Ha Npi -1998 TrUdng Hin Sieu - Cugc ddi - Si/ nghidp - Thd Vin Hpi Van hpe Nghe thuat Ninh Binh - 2000 SE IN: — Hon que Gia lO.OOOd ... dd la Truang Han Sieu (? - 1354), mgt nhiJng gvtang mat sang chdi cua thdi dai Ly - Tran - - -* ' ' - - - - - ' - - * ^ 'J ! ;i ' ' , ' - /• ' "' ' - ^ '• • ' • Truong Han Sieu trUdc het la. .. Nguyen - Mdng, ket thiic sU nghiep lai la mdt quan van gia dan danh dudi giac Chiem Thanh, deu hoan thang lgi Dieu dd khang dinh TrUang Han Sieu cd tai ve quan sU 26 -TRUONG HAN SIEU - NHA CHfNH... H ii©»jiitp 1- TRUONG HAN SIEU - NHA QUAN SU Ndi de'n tai nang quan sU cua TrUang Han Sieu khdng the so sanh vdi Tran Hung Dao dugc NhUng md dau su nghiep cua dng lai la mdt van than tham gia