Lấ S CNG c in sinh trng v kh nng cho thit C IM SINH TRNG V KH NNG CHO THT CA VT LAI DềNG Lờ S Cng1, Hong Vn Tiu2, Nguyn c Trng3 * , Nguyn Vn Duy3 , Hong Th Lan4, Nguyn Th Thuý Ngha3 v ng Th Vui3 Trung tõm khuyn nụng Hi Dng; 2Vin Chn nuụi Trung tõm nghiờn cu vt i Xuyờn; 4Cc Chn nuụi *Tỏc gi liờn h: Nguyn c Trng - Trung tõm Nghiờn cu vt i Xuyờn, Phỳ Xuyờn - H Ni Tel: (04) 33.854.391 / 0913.288.746; E-mail: trongnd228@yahoo.com.vn ABSTRACT Performance and carcass characteristic of four line crosbred SM dukcs An study with the aim of investigatting the possible effects of different formulars of way crossing on performance and carcass characteristic of four line crosbred SM dukcs was conducted Data from 120 ducks for each crossing formular were collected and analysed It was revealed that the survive rate at 8th week of age of four line crosbred SM dukcs in all four formulars was relatively high (96.67-100.0%) Their body weight at th and 8th weeks of age were 2963.8-3014.9g and 3124.63221.7g, respectively Among four formular tested, the body weight at th and 8th weeks of age of T5164 crossbred was the highest It was also revealed that the dressing percentage of four line crosbred SM dukcs in all four formulars was 70.9-72% and 72.88-74.18% at th and 8th weeks of age, respectively The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was 2.39-2.44 kg and 2.79-2.83kg feed/kg gain at th and 8th weeks of age, respectively Among four formular tested, FCR of T5164 was lowest The heterosis of body weight and FCR at th and th week of age of T5164 were 2.92%, 4.9% and -0.41% -0.55%, respectively Four line crosbred SM dukcs was economically slaughtered at th weeks of age Key words: Economical crossbred, body weight,,T5164, heterosis T VN Vt chuyờn tht CV Super M c nhp v Vit Nam t thp k 90 ca th k XX v c nuụi gi ti Trung tõm nghiờn cu vt i Xuyờn Sau thi gian nghiờn cu xut phỏt t cỏc dũng vt T1 v T4 ó chn to c dũng vt T5 v T6 cú nng sut v cht lng cao hn dũng vt c Trờn c s dũng vt to t hp lai vt thng phm mỏu phự hp vi iu kin Vit Nam v ỏp ng kp thi nhu cu sn xut v tiờu dựng nờn tin hnh ti: c im sinh trng v kh nng cho tht ca vt lai dũng nhm xỏc nh kh nng sinh trng v cho tht ca vt lai thng phm dũng VT LIU V PHNG PHP NGHIấN CU Vt liu nghiờn cu Xut phỏt t dũng vt: dũng trng T1 v T5 v dũng mỏi T4 v T6 lai vi cho vt b m v t cỏc cp b m to vt thng phm mỏu T1546, T1564, T5146, T5164 Phng phỏp nghiờn cu Thớ nghim c b trớ theo phng phỏp phõn lụ so sỏnh gm lụ dũng trng v lụ dũng mỏi ngy tui mi lụ gm 80 (65 mỏi + c) giai on sinh sn mi lụ gm 60 (50 mỏi + 10 c), ỏnh giỏ kh nng sinh trng v cho tht ca dũng trng v dũng mỏi Cỏc ch tiờu theo dừi T l nuụi sng, lng c th qua cỏc giai on, tc sinh trng, tui , t l , VIN CHN NUễI - Tp Khoa hc Cụng ngh Chn nuụi - S 17-Thỏng 4-2009 nng sut trng, cht lng trng, cỏc ch tiờu p n, kh nng cho tht, tiờu tn thc n/n v sn phm Phng phỏp x lý s liu X lý s liu thu c qua phõn tớch phng sai bng phn mm Minitab13 KT QU V THO LUN T l nuụi sng T l nuụi sng ca cỏc t hp lai dũng vt T1546, T1564, T5146, T5164 trỡnh by Bng Bng T l nuụi sng ca cỏc t hp lai dũng vt SM Tun tui ngy tui TB - TT TB - TT TB - TT T1546 n TLNS (con) (%) 120 119 99,19 118 99,16 118 100 118 100 118 100 118 100 118 100 106 100 98,33 100 98,33 T hp lai T1564 T5146 n TLNS N TLNS (con) (%) (con) (%) 120 120 118 98,33 120 100 118 100 120 100 117 99,15 120 100 117 100 120 100 116 99,15 120 100 116 100 120 100 116 100 119 99,17 104 188 107 100 97,5 100 100 99,17 96,67 99,17 T5164 n TLNS (con) (%) 120 120 100 120 100 120 100 120 100 120 100 120 100 120 100 108 100 100 100 100 Kt qu nghiờn cu cho thy, cỏc t hp lai dũng SM cú t l nuụi sng cao cỏc giai on tui Vt T1546 cú t l nuụi sng giai on - tun tui l 98,33%, giai on - tun tui t 100%, chung c giai on - tun tui t 98,33%; vt T1564 cú t l nuụi sng cỏc giai on tui t tng ng l: 97,50%, 100%, 96,67%; vt T5146 cú t l nuụi sng giai on tun tui l 100%, giai on - tun tui t 99,17%, tớnh chung t - tun tui t 99,17%; riờng vt lai T5164 t t l nuụi sng rt cao l 100% cỏc giai on tui ca c ba t thớ nghim T l nuụi sng ca vt ph thuc vo rt nhiu yu t, ngoi yu t ging l quan trng, thỡ cỏc yu t ngoi cnh nh hng rt ln n t l nuụi sng ca vt Kt qu nghiờn cu ca chỳng tụi cho thy vt lai dũng SM cú t l nuụi sng cao, cỏc t hp lai cú sc sng tt, sc khỏng tt v kh nng thớch nghi cao, ú t hp T5164 cú sc sng tt hn c Kt qu ny tng ng vi NC ca mt s tỏc gi: Nguyn Ngc Dng v cs, (2008) trờn vt SM ti tri Cm Bỡnh Nguyn c Trng v cs (2005) trờn vt SM2 v SM3 c im sinh trng ca vt Khi lng c th vt qua cỏc tun tui Khi lng c th ca cỏc t hp lai dũng vt SM trỡnh by ti Bng v th 2 Lấ S CNG c in sinh trng v kh nng cho thit Kt qu Bng cho bit, lng c th ca cỏc t hp lai bn dũng vt nh sau: Khi lng c th 56 ngy tui ca vt lai T1546 t 3.124,60 gram/con; T1564 t 3142,60 gram/con; T5146 t 3169,60 gram/con; vt T5164 t 3221,70 gram/con T hp laiT5164 cú lng c th cao hn cỏc t hp lai khỏc c t thớ nghim T hp lai T1546 cú lng c th thp nht t hp lai dũng vt SM Bng Khi lng c th ca vt lai dũng CV- Super M qua cỏc tun tui Tun tui ngy tui n Khi lng c th ca cỏc t hp lai dũng vt SM (gram/con) T1546 T1564 T5146 T5164 Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD 120 55,117 4,239 120 54,817 4,025 120 54,667 4,436 120 56,258 4,361 119 119 118 118 118 118 118 106 208,09 18,11 463,08 52,04 865,94 79,30 1450,30 107,00 2045,10 151,20 2676,90 178,00 2989,80 194,50 3124,60 224,90 213,47 472,90 856,92 1419,40 2046,30 2644,40 2963,80 3142,60 221,39 496,63 919,00 1493,60 2122,10 2701,80 3014,90 3221,70 29,54 49,42 86,84 102,00 136,20 150,60 170,40 200,30 119 118 117 115 115 115 115 103 20,68 53,58 85,76 106,50 153,20 160,10 165,30 184,70 120 120 120 120 120 120 118 106 220,06 32,14 481,51 44,69 937,26 88,03 1478,40 94,70 2100,20 129,00 2685,10 149,00 2988,70 173,20 3169,60 192,20 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 108 Cú s chờnh lch v lng c th cỏc tun tui ca nhúm vt (P< 0,05); riờng kt thỳc tun tui thỡ lng c th ca c nhúm vt khụng cú s sai khỏc (P>0,05) Nh vy, lng c th ca cỏc t hp lai dũng vt SM nghiờn cu ny hon ton phự hp vi c im ca ging, phự hp vi tiờu chun v lng ca vt SM Hóng Cherry Valley a l (3000 - 3200 gram/con) Khi lng c th tun tui ca t hp lai T5164 l tng ng vi NC ca Dng Xuõn Tuyn v cs, (2006) trờn lai chộo dũng vt SM So vi cỏc ging vt khỏc, cỏc t hp lai dũng vt SM thớ nghim ny cú lng c th tun tui cao hn (vt SM3 cú lng c th tun tui, trng (2937 gram, mỏi 2731gram; vt M14 cú lng c th tun tui t 3144,63 gram/con (Nguyn c Trng, 2007, 2008) Sinh trng tuyt i Tng lng tuyt i ca cỏc t hp lai dũng vt CV-Super M ti Bng v th Bng Sinh trng tuyt i ca vt lai dũng SM (gram/con/ngy) Tun tui TB (1 - tun tui) T1546 21,85 36,43 57,55 83,48 84,97 90,26 44,70 19,26 T1564 22,66 37,06 54,86 80,35 89,56 85,44 45,63 25,54 T5146 23,63 37,35 65,11 77,31 88,83 83,56 43,37 25,84 T5164 23,59 39,32 60,34 82,09 89,79 82,81 44,73 29,54 54,81 55,14 55,63 56,53 VIN CHN NUễI - Tp Khoa hc Cụng ngh Chn nuụi - S 17-Thỏng 4-2009 Kt qu trờn cho thy, vt lai dũng SM cú tc tng lng tuyt i cao, vt T1546 t cao nht, 90,26 gram/con/ngy tun tui th 6; tun tui th 5, vt T1564 t cao nht l 89,56 gram/con/ngy, vt T5146 t cao nht l 88,83 gram/con/ngy, vt T5164 t cao nht l 89,79 gram/con/ngy T1546 T1564 T5146 T5164 Sinh trưởng tuyệt đối (gr/con/ngày) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Tuần tuổi th Sinh trng tuyt i ca vt lai dũng SM th tng lng tuyt i ca c bn t hp lai dũng vt u tuõn theo quy lut sinh trng ca vt v phự hp vi quy lut sinh trng ca gia cm Tc tng lng tuyt i ca t lp lai u tng dn t tun tui u tiờn, tng nhanh tun tui th v 3, tc tng lng tuyt ụi cao nht kộo di tun (t - tun), tun tui th tc tng lng tuyt i gim dn th sinh trng tuyt i ca vt T5146 v T5164 phõn b u hn vt T1546 v T1564 So sỏnh vi th sinh trng tớch ly ( th 2) cho thy, vt T5164 cú kh nng sinh trng tt hn cỏc t hp lai khỏc Kt qu trờn cũn cho thy, cỏc t hp lai dũng vt SM cng phự hp vi c im ca ging vt chuyờn tht v tng ng vi kt qu v sinh trng tuyt i ca cỏc tỏc gi NC trc õy, trờn vt SM ca (Dng Xuõn Tuyn v cs, 1993) cho bit, tng trng tuyt i ca vt SM t - tun tui l 69,99 - 72,82 gr/con/ngy Sinh trng tng i Kt qu tng trng tng i lng c th vt lai dũng trỡnh by ti Bng v th Bng Sinh trng tng i ca vt lai dũng SM (%) Tun tui T1546 116,24 75,98 60,63 50,46 34,03 26,76 11,04 4,41 T1564 118,28 75,59 57,76 49,42 36,18 25,50 11,39 5,86 T5146 120,41 74,53 64,25 44,80 34,75 24,45 10,70 5,87 T5164 118,95 76,67 59,67 47,63 34,77 24,03 10,95 6,63 Kt qu Bng cho thy, kh nng sinh trng tng i (%) ca cỏc t hp lai dũng vt SM u cao nht tun u Vt T1546 cú mc tng l 116,24%, vt T1564 l 118,27%, vt T5146 l 120,41% v vt T5164 l 118,95% Cỏc tun tui tip theo, tc tng lng tng i s gim dn, t tun tui th 4, tc tng lng tng i gim mnh c 4 Lấ S CNG c in sinh trng v kh nng cho thit t hp lai Tun tui th 8, tc tng lng tng i ca vt T1546 l 4,41%, vt T1564 l 5,86%, vt T5146 l 5,87% v vt T5164 l 6,63% th biu din tc tng lng tng i ca cỏc t hp lai dũng vt SM cho thy, th ca vt T5164 n nh hn cỏc t hp lai khỏc T1546 120 T1564 T5146 Sinh trưởng tương đối (%) 105 T5164 90 75 60 45 30 15 Tuần tuổi Hỡnh Sinh trng tng i ca vt lai dũng SM Kt qu nghiờn cu trờn hon ton phự hp vi c im ca ging v quy lut sinh trng ca gia cm núi chung, ca vt núi riờng v cng phự hp vi kt qu ca cỏc tỏc gi nghiờn cu v kh nng tng lng tng i ca vt thng phm CV-Super M Lng Tt Nh, (1994), tc tng lng tng i ca vt tun tui u l 102,96%, tun tui th l 14,34% Nh vy, chn nuụi vt tht, c bit l nhng ging vt cao sn, thỡ ngoi yu t ging tt, dinh dng hp lý cng nhm mc ớch khai thỏc ti a tim nng sinh hc v kh nng tng lng c th Tc tng lng c th khỏc qua cỏc giai on tui cho phộp nh chn nuụi xỏc nh thi im git tht cho hiu qu kinh t cao nht Tc mc lụng Tc mc lụng n v tun tui ca vt lai dũng SM c trỡnh by ti Bng Bng Tc mc lụng ca vt lai dũng SM Tun tui Tham s thng kờ n Mean (cm) SD n Mean (cm) SD T1546 118 13,03 2,01 106 16,63 0,73 T1564 115 13,49 0,80 103 16,44 0,54 T5146 118 13,22 0,91 106 16,53 0,72 T5164 120 13,77 0,81 108 16,71 0,55 Tc mc lụng cú liờn quan mt thit n tc sinh trng ca vt vt, di lụng cỏnh ( di lụng cỏnh th hng th nht) c dựng lm mt nhng cn c xỏc nh tui git tht thớch hp ca vt Giai on tun tui, di lụng cỏnh ca vt T1546 t 13,03 cm, vt T1564 t 13,49 cm, vt T5146 t 13,22 cm v vt T5164 t 13,77 cm (P ... 79,30 145 0,30 107,00 2 045 ,10 151,20 2676,90 178,00 2989,80 1 94, 50 31 24, 60 2 24, 90 213 ,47 47 2,90 856,92 141 9 ,40 2 046 ,30 2 644 ,40 2963,80 3 142 ,60 221,39 49 6,63 919,00 149 3,60 2122,10 2701,80 30 14, 90... tui) T1 546 21,85 36 ,43 57,55 83 ,48 84, 97 90,26 44 ,70 19,26 T15 64 22,66 37,06 54, 86 80,35 89,56 85 ,44 45 ,63 25, 54 T5 146 23,63 37,35 65,11 77,31 88,83 83,56 43 ,37 25, 84 T51 64 23,59 39,32 60, 34 82,09... 11,39 5,86 T5 146 120 ,41 74, 53 64, 25 44 ,80 34, 75 24, 45 10,70 5,87 T51 64 118,95 76,67 59,67 47 ,63 34, 77 24, 03 10,95 6,63 Kt qu Bng cho thy, kh nng sinh trng tng i (%) ca cỏc t hp lai dũng vt SM