Nghiên cứu và phát triển lý thuyết đường dây ghép để chế tạo vài phần tử thụ động siêu cao tần

DAI HOC OUOC GIA HA NOI TRUONG DAI HOC CONG NGHE TRAN ANHTUAN NGHIEN CUD VA PHAT TRIFN LY THUVET DUONG DA\ (;HF:P D E THIET K E CHE TAO MOT SO PHAN TLITHU DONG SIEU CAO TAN Nganh; Ky ihiial Dion Ui-Vicn ihoiig Chuyen nganh: K.y ihuat \ lu\en dicn lir \a thong tin \\cu lac Ma so: 2.07.00 LIAN \ AN THAC SV Nca oi III ( ) \ ( , i ) \ \ k i i c n IHH.: ( s ISKH I'll \ \ A M I V-Lr/66L HA NOI, 3-2006 LQI CAM DOAN T6i xin cam doan day la cong trinh cua rieng toi Nhung k^t qua dugc trinh bay luan van khong chep ttr bk cu tai lieu nao khac Toi xin chiu hoan toan trach nhiem toan ve lai cam doan cua minh Ngudi cam doan Tran Anh Tuan u LOI CAM ON Dau tien, toi xin chan cam an toan th^ gia dinh toi, nhCrng nguai iuon luoi ung ho dong vien khich le toi, ho trg toi ki ca vat chat va tinh thSn su6t cupc da hoc tap, phan dau va trirong cua toi Tiep theo toi xin chan cam an GS.TSKH Phan Anh la ngircri Tha> dans kinh nhat ciia toi Thay Iuon Iuon ung ho tao moi di^u kicn thuan Igi nhk de toi cc the tien hanh nhung nghien cuu ciia minh Han tat ca Tha\ da nhan duac nhCmi dicMii manh cua toi de dinh huang cho toi di vao ITnh \ ue nghien cuu phu hop \ a di truycn dat cho toi nhOng kien thuc \a kinh nghicMTi vd cung qu\ gia khong ehi irom ITnh vue boat dong khoa hoc ma ca nhung van d(} cua cuoc song \a hoi Nhuni kel qua ma toi dat dugc hom na\ da mang nang dAu An cua Tha\ Tiep theo toi xin chan cam on GS.VS Ngu\en Van ilieu mot nguoi lha\ het long vi cae the he hoe sinh, sinh \ ien va dugc rat nhieu ihe he hoe smh kmh iiong Thay da danh cho toi rat nhieu su quan lam lo cho i6i loan bo kinh phi hoe lap e.u hoe tai truong Nhung khoan kinh phi du khong Ion nhung eimg da giup io\ eo IIK danh nhieu thoi gian ban cho hoc tap \a hoal dong nghien cuu khoa hoe cua minh Toi cung chan cam on tai ca cae lha\ giao eo giao ivong Khoa Dien luVien thong, cae ban dong nghiep cae ban cung lop da danh cho loi rat nhieu su quan tam, giup do" va ehi bao cho toi rat nhieu qua trinh hoe tap Hi MUC LUC TRANGPHUBIA LOI CAM DOAN LOI CAM ON MUC LUC DANH MUC CAC BANG DANH MUC CAC HINH VE MODAU Trana i ii iii vi vii ix CHU'ONG I-LY THUYET DUC)NG DAY TRUYEN SONG 1.1 Khai niem va dinh nghTa 1.2 MO hinh mach dien tuang duong gom cae phan tu tap trung cua mot mach dien phan bo 1.3 Truyen so'ng tren duang day Nghicm cua phuang trinh \ i phan 1.4 Duang truyen khong ton hao c6 mac tai dau cuoi 1.4.1 He so phan xa 1.4.2 He so song dung 1.4.3 Bicu thuc cua he so sonu dunu I 1.4.4 Bieu thuc eiia he so phan xa tai \ i iri bat ky I I 1.4.5 Cong suat trung binh theo duong da\ tru\en song 12 1.4.6 Ton hao phan xa 12 1.4.7 Tra khana vao cua dumm da\ tru\en somi 13 1.5 NghicMi cuu mot so doan da}' tru\'en song eo dai dae biei 13 1.5.1 Duong day eo dai nua sc^ng 14 1.5.2 Duong da\' c6 dai mot phan lu' buoe song 15 1.6 Duoniz tru\en dan sona eo ton hao 16 1.6.1 Duong tru\en ton hao thap 16 1.6.2 Duong tru\en khong ecS tan song \ a eo tan song 18 1.6.3 Duong tru\en dan khong lam bien dang song 19 1.7 Duong tru>en eo ton hao dugc mac tai dau cuoi 19 1.7.1 Tro khang vao cua duong tru\en eo ion hao 20 1.7.2 Cdm suat trii\en \ao duona tru\en tai dau \ao 21 1.7.3 C'onu sual lru\ en \ao tai 21 1.7.4 Cdmj sual mal mal Iren duonu lru\en 21 ^- »- - 1.8 Duonu da\ mach dai 1.8.1 I lang so dien moi 1.8.2 Iro khani: dae inih cua duonu da\ mach dai -3 2^ IV CHU'ONG 2- LY THUYET MANG VI BA 27 2.1 Khai niem chung 27 2.2 Khai niem ve tra khang dong dien va dien ap tuang duong 27 2.2.1 Dien ap va dong dien tuang duang 28 2.2.2 Khai niem tra khang 29 2.3 Dinh luat Kirchoff ma rong doi vai mang vi ba 30 2.4 Phan tich moi quan he giua cae tham so cua mang vi ba 31 2.4.1 Mang nhieu cua 31 2.4.2 Mang mot cua 33 2.5 Ma tran tra khang, ma Iran dan nap ma Iran tan xa ma tran truyen dan 34 2.5.1 Ma tran trcT khang fZ] 34 2.5.2 Ma tran dan nap [Y] 34 2.5.3 Ma tran tan xa |S] 38 2.5.4 Cach xac djnh ma tran |S] tu ma Iran |/.| hoae [Y| 40 2.5.5 Ma tran truyen dan |ABCD| 41 2.5.6 Quan he ciia ma Iran ABCD \6i ma Iran tro khang | / | 4 2.6 Khai nicMii tro khami anh \a ham tru\en cho mane hai cone 44 2.7 Bg dcio dan nap va bg dao Iro khang 48 ClIUdNG 3- LY THUYET DUONG DAY GHEP VA PII.AT TRIEN 3.1 Khai nicMii dirong day ghep 3.1.1 Phan tich mode kich Ihieh chan le cua duone da\ ehep 3.1.2 Tro" khang mode le \ a mode chan cua moi duong da\ ghep CO eau true mach dai 3.2 Dae tinh lira ebon tan so cua duong da\ ghep 3.4 Phat irien Iv thuvet duone dav ehep eo eau true mach dai 3.4.1 le so ghep song cua duong da\ ghep 3.4.1.1 Duong da\ dan song khong ion hao 3.4.1.2 Duonu dav dan sons c6 ton hao 3.4.2 Phan lieh mot doan duong da> ghep \ oi mot phan lu lap trime mac neane qua hai duone da\ dan sone sone 3.4.3 De xual mot ihiei ke moi cua mach cong huong sieu cao lan 3.4.3.1 Khai niem mach cong huvvng 3.4.3.2 Xa\ dung ihiel ke bo cong huong dirong da\ ghep 50 50 52 57 62 63 63 64 66 67 -> CHU'ONG 4- U"NG DUNG KET QUA PHAT TRIEN LY THUYET pU'ONG DAY GHEP 83 4.1 De xuat mot thiet ke moi ciia bo loc duang day ghep bang rone 85 4.1.1 Ly thuyet mach loc 83 4.1.2 Bo loc thong dai 85 4.1.3 Xay dung thiet ke cua bo loc duang day ghep bang r6ng86 KET LUAN CAC CONG TRINH D A CONG BO TAI LIEU THAM KHAO : 94 97 97 VI DANH MUC CAC BANG BIEU Bang 2.1 Cae tham so ABCD ciia mot so mang hai c6ng di^n hinh 46 Bang 2.2 Bang chuyen doi cae tham so cua mang hai cong 50 Bang 2.3 Tra khang anh va cae tham so khac ciia mang hinh T va TT Bang 3.1 Cae dai lugng dae trung ciia mot mach cgng huong .52 77 Bang 4.1 Gia tri cae phan tu mach loc thong thap chuan boa Bang 4.2 (gO - , o)C=l, N=E 9, CO ggn song la 3dB) 89 Bang tham so hinh hoc cua duang day ghep bang rong 95 Vll DANH MUC HINH VE Hinh -1 Mo hinh dien ap dong dien va mach tuang duong ciia mot duang day dan song c6 chieu dai vi phan Hinh 1-2 So duang truyen khong ton hao c6 mac tai dau cuoi Hinh 1-3 Do thi bieu dien a) Dien ap, b) dong dien c) tra khang phan bo doc theo duong day truyen song ngan mach 10 Hinh 1-4 Doan day truyen song (1= l=X/2) c6 mac tai 15 Hinh 1-5 Bg bien doi khang tro phan tu song (1=A/4 16 linh 1-6 Duong truyen song c6 ton hao c6 mac tai 20 Hinh 1-7 Duong day mach dai 23 Hinh 1-8 Cau true hinh hoe ciia duong day mach dai vai bue tuong ngan each y 26 Hinh 2-1 Mode dien truong ngang T\-M 31 I linh 2-2 Cau true mang n cua dien hinh 34 I linh 2-3 Mo hinh manu mot cua dien hinh 36 Hinh 2-4 Mane hai eonii 45 I linh 2-5 So ang hai cong c6 mac lai dau cuoi \ oi hai tro khang anh 49 I linh 2-6 Mieu la hoal dong eiia mgl bo bien doi iro khang \ a dan nap 53 Hinh 3-1 Mot so cau true dien hinh cua duone da\ ehep 55 I linh 3-2 Duone truvcMi sone eom dai dan dien \ a mach tuo'ne duone 55 linh 3-3 Mode kich thich chan \a le eua duong da> ghep 56 I linh 3-4 1)6 thi thiet ke eua duone dav ehep dane truven del 5>< linh 3-5 Do thi cua duong da\ ghep eo eau triie \ i dai 58 linh 3-6 Bieu dien dien ap \ a dong dien tren doan duong da\ ghep CO cau triie \i dai 62 Hinh 3-7 Phan thuc eiia tro khang anh doi voi mach thong dai 66 I linh 3-8 Mach tuong duong eua moi doan duong da\ ghep 6'' I linh 3-9 1)6 thi bieu dien su phu thuoc ciia |S31| so \di ZOe-ZOo 70 Hinh 3-10 Cau triic mot doan duong da\' ghep eo mot phan lu khang mac ngang qua 71 linh 3-1 I Phep bien doi mach lirong dirong mode chan '^2 I linh 3-12 So mach tirone duone eua linh 3-8 a mode le "3 Hinh 3-13 Mach dien tuong duong cuoi eiing eua mach Hinh 3-8 "4 linh 3-14 Phep bien doi tuong duone eua doAn dirong da> ghep eo mot phan lu khang mac ngang qua hai duong da} \ i dai song song r ? linh 3-15 Mach cone hirong \a dap ung eua no 76 Vlll Hinh 3-16 Phat trien thiet ke ciia bg cong huang duong day ghep Hinh 3-17 Phep bien doi tuong duong mot mach cong huang RLC mac song song Hinh 3-18 Dap ung tan so ciia bg cgng huang duang day ghep Hinh 4-1 Dap ung tan so cua mot so bg Igc ly tuong Hinh 4-2 Cau true ciia mot bg loc thong thap chuan boa Hinh 4-3 Cae phep bien doi tu bg loc thong thap chuan boa d^n cae dang bg Igc khac Hinh 4-4 Quy trinh thiet ke mot bo Igc duang day ghep bang rong Hinh 4-5 Mot so ket qua mo phong eiia mach Igc duong day ghep bang rong I linh 4-6 Mot mau bo loc duong day ghep bang rong 79 79 86 87 88 90 92 96 97 IX MdOAU Trong nhung thap nien truac viec nghien cuu ky thuat va ly thuy^ sieu cao dn thuang tap trung vao viec nghien cuu va giai cae bai toan phuc tap ciia truong dien tu cho cae phan tu ong dan song bang viec ap dung he cae phuang trinh Maxwell, nhung cae ky su lam viec ITnh vue sieu cao chii yeu thi^t k^ mach dien sieu cao tan eo cau true phang (plarmar) va cae mach tich hgp (intergrated eircuitrx) do khong can quan tam nhieu den viec phan tich ly thu\et truong dien tu nua Thay cho nhijng phuang trinh ciia Maxwell, la nhung cong cu rat dae lire khac la phan mem thiet ke sieu cao tan CAD(Computer -Aid Design) \a ma\ phan tich mang (Network Analyzer) Tuy nhien, mgl euon sach dugc coi la cam nang eua cae ky su thiet ke sieu cao tan va la cong cu khong the ihieu la euon sach Miero\\a\e I-ngineering eua tac gia David Po/ar giao su eiia Truong Dai hoe Massaehusel My Neu khone eo mot trone ba cone cu quan trone na\ thi \ ice nehien cuu che lao cae phan tu sieu cao tan bien dai se gap ral kho khan, eon neu khong eo ca ba cone eu na\' thi chiine la khone the nehl toi vice thiet ke che tao cae phan lu sieu cao uin Ba nam truoc su doi eua Trung tam nghien cuu Dien ur-\'ien thong thuge Khoa Cong nghe na\ la truong DH Cong nghe DHQG Ha noi \ ice nghien cuu ky ihual \a ly thuyet sieu cao tan bien dai da dugc thiie da\ lai \'iet UAm lai da\ ehune loi, nhCrne kv sir thiet ke sieu cao tan da c6 co" hoi lam \ iee \ oi nhune cone eu cue ky quan trgng nhir la ma\ phan lieh mang \a phan mem ihiet ke ADS2003 luy nhien phan IIKMU na\ ehi dugc diing ihu irong thoi gian la ba thang I.uan \'an Thae sv na\ trinh ba\ cae eiai phap cho nhune \an de ma ehiine toi gap Irong qua Irinh nghien eiru ihiei ke che lao cae phan ur ihii dong sieu cao lan eo cau triie mach dai Vi du nhir lam the nao de che tao dugc bo loc duong da\ doi bang rong \oi plurong phap lru\LMi ihong bang lan dai dugc eua bo loc ehi nho hon 20%, hay lam the nao de che tao che IAO dirge bo loc sieu hep \oi nhung \al lieu eo he 82 -10 S(1 r1 S(1 dB(S(1,2)) ?7fH B ^ CD CO • a -D 1— , L_ i J^ i -20 -30 —r • S=0 m m -1 -4 L"'^^"^^ ^ -50 -6 ~^ -70 k ^ b i b b O -^ CD C^ cn CD freq, GH z Hinh 3-18 Dap ung tan so ciia bo cgng huang ducmg day ghep s =i n mm i "! L07 ! 00 a •0.99 c •0.98 c •> u1 -0.97 -A , -80 S = 20 m m o o - 00 CD C 83 ChiFcng UNG DUNG K^T QUA PHAT TRI^N LY THUYET DUONG DAY GHEP 4.1 De xuat mot thiet ke mffi ciia b? loc duo-ng day ghep bang tan rong 4.1.1 Ly thuyet mach loc [2| Bo loc sieu cao tan la mot mang hai cong duoc dung de diOu tan so tai mot di ghep ban[...]... doan day truyen song co do dai dae biet Cae doan duang day co do dai Y^ xa ^ co rit nhiCni img dung trone x ice thiet ke cae mach dien sieu cao tSn Prong mot sA truang hop cae doan duong da> 14 niy CO the dugc su dung nhu mot so phan tu quan trong trong mach dien sieu cao tan 1.5.1 Tru-irng hop du-cmg day co do dai nira song Apdung (1.47), va luu y pi = —.—= ;r, ta nhan dugc: A 2 Z_=2/.- (1-48) Di^u nay... la vi no eo the dugc che lao de dang nho ky thuat in khae kim loai va de dang tich hgp dugc \oi cae thiet bi sieu cao tan tich cue va ihu dong khae Tinh chdt hinh hoe ciia mot duong day \i dai dugc \e trong Hinh l-8a Mot day dan co do rong W duac in khae tren mot mat eua \ at lieu sieu cao tan mat phang d6i dien dugc n6i dat va do dA>- vat lieu each dien giua hai mat dan dien la d hang so dien moi... 1.1 Khai niem va djnh nghla Duang day truyen song la duong truyen dan nang lugng song dien tir, la hinh thuc qua do giiia mach dien gom cae phan tu tap trung a tan so thap (L C R) \a ong dan song a sieu cao tan Duong day truyen song dugc coi la mach dien eo phan tu phan bo bai vi nang lugng song dien tu truyen trong mach dugc dan trai Ien uit ca cae phan tu trong mach NhiJug khap noi trong mach cung it... khong dung nua Khi \'iee tru\en nang lugng Irong mot mach dien phai mat moi thoi gian dang ke nao do thi mach dien do dugc \ep \ ao loai mach eo phan lu phan bo I a eo the hieu rang khi trong mach dien cao tan co duang day truyen song ma chieu dai ciia day co gia trj bang mot phan so dang ke cua buoe song thi mach do dugc coi la mot he c6 phan tu phan bo The hien chinh eua khai niem nay la tren duong ... viec ap dung he cae phuang trinh Maxwell, nhung cae ky su lam viec ITnh vue sieu cao chii yeu thi^t k^ mach dien sieu cao tan eo cau true phang (plarmar) va cae mach tich hgp (intergrated eircuitrx)... phan mem thiet ke sieu cao tan CAD(Computer -Aid Design) a ma phan tich mang (Network Analyzer) Tuy nhien, mgl euon sach dugc coi la cam nang eua cae ky su thiet ke sieu cao tan va la cong cu... che lao cae phan tu sieu cao tan bien dai se gap ral kho khan, eon neu khong eo ca ba cone eu na' thi chiine la khone the nehl toi vice thiet ke che tao cae phan lu sieu cao uin Ba nam truoc su