... duqc biSu hi~n Trong d6 khai ni~m duqc gQi la cai duqc biSu hi~n, hinh anh am duqc gQi la cai biSu hi~n Hai m~t d6 g~n b6 m~t thi8t mAU ... ... . ........... ........ .. .... ... ............. .. .. ......... . 1 1. Lf do chn d€ tru ................... ......... ~ ... .... .. ..................... . 1 :.. d.:.e ............ ............ .. ... ..... ......... .... . . h su· n gh·" 1en cuu' van 2 . L!C 2 3. M1,1c dich nghien cuu ............... ............. ... ... .. .......... ...... . . 7 4. £>6i tugng va ph~m vi nghien Clru ...... .. ... . .. . . .. . .. .. ... .. ... .. .. .. . . 7 5. Phuong phap nghien cl!u .... ... .. .... ...... .. ... ..... .. ... ... .. ........ ... 8 6. E>6ng gop cua lu~ van .. .... . .... .... .. .. ........ ....... ...... . ..... ... . . 8 ~ +.....'. , 1 " ~ uuC CUa U~ van .... ...... ... . .. .. ... ... .. .... . : ..... ... .. ...... ...... 7. Cau 9 PHANN(>IDUNG ..... ... .. .......... ..... ... .. .... .. ... ... .. .... ... ...... .. . 10 so vAN DELYTHUYET LIEN QUAN DEN DE TAr 10 1.1. Tin hi~u th~m my ... ... ................. ... ...... ..... .. ... ............. .. 10 1.1.1. Tin hi~u ........ ...... ... .... .. ........ . .. ... ..... .... ............... . 10 1.1.2. Tin hi~u ngon ngu ..... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... ......... ......... ..... . 12 1.1.3. Tin hi~u th~ my ........ ............ .... ... .. .... ........ .. ..... .. 16 1.2. Thanh ngu, tl,lc ngfr ti€ng H~m ... .. ....... .... .. .. .. ..... . .... .. ... ... .. 17 1.2 .1. Khai ni~m thanh ngu, tl,lc ngfr trong ti€ng Han ... ..... .... ... . 17 Chuang 1: M(>T 1.2.1.1. Khai ni~m tl,lc ngu ... .... .. ....... ... ... .... ............... . 18 1.2.1.2. Khai ni~m thanh ngu ....... .. .. ......... .......... ...... .. .. 19 1.2.2. Ngu6n g6c va t&m quan trng cua thanh ngu, tl,lc ngu ..... ... . 21 1.2.2 .1. Ngu6n g6c cua thanh ngu, tl,lc ngu ................... ... . .. 21 1.2.2.2. T&m quan trng cua thanh ngu, tl,lc ngu ..... ..... .. .... . .. 23 1.2.3. Phan lo~i thanh ngu, tl,lc ngu ti€ng Han .. .. ... ... ..... ... .. .. .. .. 23 1.2.3.1. Pharr lo~i tl,lc ngu ................. .... ......... .. .. .. ...... . .. 23 1.2 .3 .1.1. T1,1c ngu chua dvng y nghTa giao hu~n ....... ..... .. 23 1.2.3.1.2. T\lc ngu chua dvng y nghTa ~n d\l ..... .... ........ .. 24 1.2.3.1.3. Tl,lc ngu chua dvng y nghta d.m kY. .. ................ . 24 1.2.3 .2. Phan lo~i thrum ngu ............................................ . 26 1.2.3.2.1. Thanh ngu truySn th6ng (thrum ngfr thufin Hfm) .... . 26 1.2.3 .2.2. Thanh ngfr vay mugn phuong Tay ... ..... ... .... .... .. 27 1.2.3 .2.3. Thanh ngu vay mugn ill ti~ng Han ................... .. 27 teu k:..et ................. ..... ...................... . ........ .. ......... ... .... . . T.;.. 29 eRAT VA Y NGHlA cAc TiN HIJ;:U 29 TRAM MY TRONG THANH NGU, Tl)C NGU TIENG HAN . .. ... . 2.1. Nh6m ch&t li~u tv nhit!n .. .......................................... . 29 2.1.1 Hinh iinh "nu6c" ..... ...................... ........................ . 30 2.1.2. Hinh anh "lua" ............ .. . ........... . ..... .... . .... ... .. ...... .. 33 . 2.1.3. H1'nh a' nh "da,, ......................................... ...... ...... . 34 , ., ...... .. ............................................ . 2. 1. 4 . H 1'nh a'nh " nu1 35 . ,, .................................................... . 2. 1. 5 . H 1'nh a' nh"gto 35 Chuang 2: Lmu CUA 2.2. Nh6m ch&t li~u thvc v~t ...... ....... ............. .... ....... ........ . 2.2.1. Hinh anh "d~u" 37 .................................................... . 39 2.2.2 Hinh anh "cay" ( dmh, hi, rS) ......... .... . :.................... . . 42 2.2.3. Hinh cinh "hoa" ............. . ......... .................... . .. .... . . 44 2.2.4. Hinh cinh "bfiu, bi" ..... .................... ....................... . 46 2.2.5. Hinh cinh "g~o" (th6c, lua, 47 m~) ................................ . 2.3. Nh6m ch&t li~u d[...]... t\}c ngfr thong qua nhfrng n9i dung trong gi&c rna d~ tien doan v~ nhfrng di~u c6 th~ se x~y ra a th~ gi6i hi~n thl,l'c d~ con nguai bi~t c~n th~n trong tirng hanh d9ng ho~c la di~m bao nhfrng d\f cam t6t lanh Vi d1,1" :g-~1 ~ 25 *