Giám sát sự lưu hành của virus cúm a h5n1 ở gia cầm tại 4 chợ đầu mối trên địa bàn thành phố hà nội

KHOA HOC KY THUAT THO Y TAP XXI SO - 2014 GIAM SAT suf LlfU HANH CUA VIRUS CUM A/H5N1 GIA CAM TAI CHU OAU MOi THEN DjA BAN THANH PHO HA NOI Nguyen Huy Ddng Sa Nong nghiep va PTNTHd Noi TOM TAT Ket qua dieu tra hien trang budn ban gia cdm va gidm sat su luu hdnh cua virus cum A/H5N1 tai chp ddu mdi tren dia bdn thdnh ph6 Ha Npi cho thdy: - Trong s6 chp ndi tren, chp Ha Vy Id chp budn ban gia cdm Idn nhdt va ty le gia cdm ngoai tinh dua ve cung nhieu nhdt so vdi cho cdn lai (chp Bde Thdng Long, chp San, chp Chiic Son). Cdng tdc kiem dich va kiem sodt gilt mo da dupc cdc ca quan chiic ndng chii y qudn ly chat che d nhimg chp nay. - O ca chp ty Ie luu hanh virus ciim A trung binh d miic 11,28%, ty le liru hdnh ciia virus ciimA/H5Nl Id 2,54%. Diln bien sir luu hanh cua virus ciimAndi chung la dn dinh qua nhifiu nam, ty 1§ luu hanh cao hem thudng xuat hien tir thang 12 nam trudc den thdng nam sau. - Su luu hdnh cua virus ciim A/H5N1 tai chp la 1,11 % (nam 2009); 0,31 (nam 2012) va 0,17% (trong thang ddu nam 2013), cd mdi lien quan chat che den ngudn g6c gia cam ngoai tinh, ty le tiem phdng vd ty le bao hp ciia gia cam sau tiem phdng. - Su luu hanh cua virus ciim A/H5NI tai chp tap trung vdo cdc thdng 1- nam, day id thdi diem luu thdng, ti8u thu gia cam nhieu nhdt (trudc va sau tit NguySn dan) vd Id giao thdi ciia dpt tiem phong vacxin cum A/H5NI dot nam. Tir khoa • Virus cum A/H5NI, Su luu hdnh, Ty le tiem phdng, Ty le bdo hp. Surveillance on prevalence of A/H5N1 virus in poultry at wholesale markets in Hanoi city Nguyen Huy Dang SUMMARY The result of survey on situation of poultry trade and surveillance on prevalence of A/H5N1 virus at wholesale markets in Ha Noi city indicated that: Out of above mentioned markets, Ha Vy market was the largest poultry wholesale market and the rate of poultry at this market coming from the outside of Ha Noi city was also highest compared to the rest markets (North Thang Long market, San market and Chuc Son market). Close management on disease Inspection and slaughter control works was paid by the competent authorities at these markets. In all of markets, the average prevalence rate of A influenza virus was 11.28%. Of which, the prevalent rale of A/H5N1 virus was 2.54%. In general, the development of A influenza virus prevalence was stable in the last many years. The highest prevalent rate was usually occurred in duration from December to May of the next year. The prevalence of A/H5N1 virus at markets was 1.11% (in 2009), . % (in 2012) and 0.17% (in the first months, 2013) having close relation with the origin of poultry coming from, vaccinated and protective rate after vaccination. KHOA HOC KY THUAT THO Y TAP XXI SO -2014 The prevalence of A/H5N1virus at markets concentrated from January to May, that is time for the highest transportation and consumption of poultry (before and after Tet holidays) and the transition time for the first A/H5N1 vaccination in the year. /keywords: A/H5N1 virus. Prevalence, Vaccinated rate. Protective rate. LDATVANDE Chan nudi gia cam giii mdt vai trd quan trpng nganh ndng nghiep Viet Nam. Nhiing nam gdn ddy, chdn nudi Id mpt nhung nganh cd budc phdt triln manh, ngdy cang chiem vi tri quan trpng su chuyin dich ca cdu kinh tl, xod ddi giam ngheo va 1dm gidu ndng th6n. Tuy nhien nganh chan nuoi da gap phdi khdng it kho khan. Trong dich benh la mpt nhiing trd ngai ldn nhdt, dac biet benh ciim gia cdm. Benh ciim gia cam chung ddc lire cao (HPAI) Id mpt benh truyen nhiem nguy hiem, co toe dp Idy lan rdt nhanh vai ty Ie gdy chet cao dan gia cdm nhilm, gay thiet hai nghiem trpng den nen kinh te va siic khoe ciia ngudi. Thdnh ph6 Ha Npi co nhu cdu tieu dimg thuc phdm cd nguon gdc tir dpng vat rdt ldn, tnmg binh 600 - 700 tdn / ngay, ty le thit gia cdm chiem 30 %, thdnh phd mdi tu cung cap dupc 60%, cdn lai nhap tir cdc tinh khac hoac nhap khdu; gilt md gia cdm chu yeu nhd le khu ddn cu, viec kilm sodt giet md - ve sinh thii y cdn nhieu han che. Viec budn bdn, gifit md gia cdm khdng ro ngudn gdc, gia cdm nhap ldu vdn tai dien thudng xuyen. Ddy la mdt nhiing nguy8n nhdn lam Idy lan dich bSnh. Trudc tinh hinh tren, lam the nao dl co thi chu ddng biet dupc nai dang luu hanh dich, ty Ie luu hdnh va nai dd dang luu hanh chimg gay benh nao, ddng thdi phdt hien cdc chiing mdi mpt cdch chinh xdc nhdt. Vi vay md chiing tdi tien hanh thuc hien de tdi: "Gidm sat su luu hdnh ciia virus ciim A/H5N1 d gia cdm tai chp ddu mdi tr8n dia ban phd Ha Ndi", vdi muc dich lam can cii cho ca quan qudn ly dua dupc cac gidi phdp chii ddng phdng chdng dich cd hieu qua. N. NQI DUNG, VAT LIEU VA PHU'ONGPHAP 2.1. Npi dung nghien cuii - Hien trang budn bdn gia cam d mpt s6 cha ddu m6i tren dia ban thdnh ph6 Ha Npi (chp gia cdm Hd Vy - H.Thudng Tin; chp Bde Thdng Long - H. D6ng Anh; chp Chiic Son - H. Chuong MJ; chp Sdn - H. Thach Thdt). - Gidm sat su luu hanh cua virus ciim A/ H5N1 tren dan gia cdm tai chp. 2.2. Vat lieu va phuvng phap nghi€n cihi 2.2.1. Vat lieu - Mdu swab gia cdm Idy tir chp ddu moi buon bdn gia cdm. - Bp Idt phdt hien ciim A/H5N1 2.2.2. Phuffngphdp nghien cau - Phuang phap dieu tra h6i ciiu vd dieu tra thuc dia d mdt sd chp ddu mdi tren dia ban Hd Npi. - Phuong phap lay mlu: Diing tam b6ng Idy mdu swab tai chp: chp Hd Vy Idy 60 mdu gpp/ thdng; chp cdn lai 12 mdu gpp/thdng. Tong cdng 96 mdu swab gdp/thang. - Phucmg phdp Real-time RT-PCR xac dinh sir lim hdnh cua virus cum A/H5N1. III. KET QUA NGHIEN CUtJ VA THAO LUAN 3.1. Hien trang budn bdn gia cam t^i chgr dau m^i Bdn chp ddu mdi budn bdn gia cam deu nSm tren cdc true giao th6ng, d6ng thdi Id tryc buon bdn gia cdm chinh d Hd Npi. KHOA HQC KY THUAT THU Y TAP XXI S6 - 2014 Chp gia cam Hd Vy: Chp gia cdm Ha Vy la chp gia cdm ddu mdi ldn nhdt Ddng Nam A vdi 156 gian kiot tren dien tich 1,62 ha. Trong do, da s6 hp chi bu6n ban mpt loai gia cdm la ga (81/156 hp) hodc vit (48/156 hp). C6ng tdc kiem djch, kiem sodt gilt md va kiem tra ve sinh thii y ciing da dupc thuc hien nghiem tiic. Trudc cdng chp cd chdt kilm dich lien nganh gom luc lupng: Thii y - Cong an - Quan ly thi trudng, true 24/24 gid. Chdt cd nhiem vu kiem dich kilm tra nguon g6c gia cdm, khir triing tieu ddc phuang tien van chuyin, xu Iy gia cam khdng ro ngudn g6c va gia cdm khdng cd gidy chiing nhdn kiem dich, kiem soat giet md tai 20 hd giet md gia cam chp (cdn bd thii y kiem tra va ddng ddu vao thdn thit gia cdm giet md). Chp Bac Thang Long cd dien tich 30.000 m-, dien dch sii dung la 12.000 m^ s6 hp kinh doanh gia cam sdng la 40 hp; s6 hp kinh doanh gia cdm da gilt md la 20 hd. Gia cdm dua vao chp cd ngudn g6c chu yeu Id tu huyen D6ng Anh va Soc San cua ph6 Hd Npi va tir cdc tinh Thdi Nguyen, Vmh Phuc, Bde Giang. Gia cdm bu6n bdn tai chp cung dupc kiem tra bdi can bd ciia Tram thii y. Chp Thi trdn Chiic San vd chp San la nhung chp hoat ddng mang tinh chat cung edp hdng hda cho ngudi dan dia phuang la chinh. Cha hoat dpng theo phien, khu vuc bu6n ban gia cam chua dupc quy hoach each ly vdi cac khu vuc khdc. Gia cam budn ban tai chp phan Idn cac hp chan nudi tren dia bdn huyen cung cap. Gia cdm budn ban tai chp ciing dupc kiem tra bdi cdn bd ciia Tram thii y. Tinh hinh budn ban gia cam d chp ddu m6i dupc th6ng ke d bang va bang 2. Bang 1. So lu'o'ng gia cam buon ban moi tai chp' dau moi Nam Ch? H^ Vy Bac Thang Long Chp* San Ch . 21.150 4. 775 5 338 68.225 Bang 2. Nguon goe gia cam ban tgi 4 cha dau moi Nguon Ngi tinh Ngogi tinh Chy H4 Vf Con 152 .40 0 101.600 % 60 40 Bac Thang Long Con 10.960 2. 740 %. 31,25 0,00 0,00 2 ,44 1, 54 2. 54 Ghi chu Djch* Thang 2 Binth^ng 6 Ty ie (% Nam 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Hinh 1. Dien bi4n liru hinh virus ciim A/H5N1 tai 4 chgt (2009-2013). luu hanh cua virus ciim A/ H5N1 tren dan gia cdm tai 4 chp. 2.2. Vat lieu va phuvng phap nghi€n cihi 2.2.1. Vat lieu - Mdu swab gia cdm Idy tir 4 chp ddu moi buon bdn gia cdm. - Bp