Twill/Canvas/Knitted/Corduroy - Normal wash, Pigment wash, Caustic ,Si wash Denim/Jeans/Gabardine - Enzyme wash, Stone wash, Bleach wash , Acid wash Grey fabric- Super white wash 2.. DES
Trang 190 QUESTIONS OF
GARMENTS WASHING
&
DYEING
TÌM HIỂU VỀ NHUỘM VÀ WASH TRONG NGÀNH MAY MẶC THỜI TRANG
Trang 290 QUESTIONS OF GARMENTS WASHING &
DYEING.
1 DEFINITION OF GARMENT WASHING.
The technology which is used to modify the appearance, outlook comfort ability and fashion of the garments is called garment washing Depending on garments construction different types of washing process can be done
Twill/Canvas/Knitted/Corduroy - Normal wash, Pigment wash, Caustic ,Si wash
Denim/Jeans/Gabardine - Enzyme wash, Stone wash, Bleach wash , Acid wash
Grey fabric- Super white wash
2 WRITE THE PURPOSE OF WASHING
Like this:
destroy, blasting, whickering, permanent wrinkle, deep dye, tie dye, p.p spray, hand crapping, p.p spoonzing etc
washing and market development
possibility of further shrinkage of the wash garments
is also removed due to washing
3 WRITE DIFFERENT TYPES OF DRY PROCESSING
Trang 34 WRITE DIFFERENT TYPES OF WET PROCESSING
5 WRITE THE MACHINE NAMES WHICH ARE USED IN WASHING PLANT
Trang 4 Steam chamber for crinkle
7 WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF NORMAL WASH?
Trang 5 To achieve buyer washing standard.
8 WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF HYDRO EXTRACTOR MACHINE?
The function of hydro extractor machine removes excess water from the washed garments
9 DESCRIBE THE 1ST STEP AND 2ND STEP OF NORMAL/GARMENT WASH/RINSE WASH
First step
Second step
10 WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF SILICON WASH?
resistance
11 WRITE DIFFERENT BETWEEN NORMAL WASH AND SILICON WASH
To remove dust, dirt, oil spot, impurities from
the garments
To give durable softness and elastic handle properties
Trang 6To remove starch presents on the garment
To increase tear resistance property
To achieve buyer washing standard To improve wear and easy care properties
12 DESCRIBE THE DESIZING PROCESS OF SILICON WASH.
Lot weight (Approx 125 pes) 60 kg
Add water @ L: R = 1: 10 600 Liter
Machine Running
Add Desizing agent @ 0.6 gm / litre 360 gm
Add Detergent @ 0.5 gm / litre 300 gm
Temperature 50°c
Time 10-20 mts
Drop the liquor
Rinse one time 3 minutes
13 DESCRIBE THE SOFTENING PROCESS OF SILICON WASH
Lot weight (Approx 125 pes) 60 kg
Add water @ L: R = 1: 10 600 Liter
Machine Running
Add Desizing agent @ 0.6 gm / litre 360 gm
Add Detergent @ 0.5 gm / litre 300 gm
Temperature 50°c
Time 10-20 mts
Drop the liquor
Rinse one time 3 minutes
14 WRITE THE CHEMICALS NAME WHICH ARE USED FOR PIGMENT/CAUSTIC WASH PROCESS
1.Caustic soda 4 Acetic acid
2.Soda ash 5 Flax softener
3.Detergent 6 Silicon
Trang 715 WRITE THE CHEMICALS NAME WHICH ARE USED FOR ENZYME WASH
17 WHAT IS THE STANDARD R.P.M OF WASHING MACHINE?
Trang 8 Anti-back staining agent
21 WHAT PROCESS IS DOING FOR REMOVE STARCH/SIZING MATERIALS FROM THE
GARMENTS?
22 WHY ACETIC ACID IS USED IN ENZYME BATH?
from alkaline condition and to control the ph value of the bath
23 WRITE DIFFERENT BETWEEN STEAM DRYER & GAS DRYER
Low production rate. High production rate
Generally light garments, white
coloured garments are dried
Generally heavy garments are used for dry
No risk of yellowish formation. May be form yellowish effect
on the garments
24 DESCRIBE THE DESIZING PROCESS OF DENIM LONG PANT
25 DESCRIBE THE ENZYME BATH PROCESS OF DENIM LONG PANT BY ACID ENZYME
Add water @ L : R = 1 : 8 450 Liter
Temperature 45°c
Add Acetic Acid @ 0.6 gm / litre 270 gm
Trang 9 Add Anti back staining @ 0.6 gm / litre 270 gm.
Add Acid Enzyme @ 2.00 gm / litre 900 gm
Time (Depend upon the shade ) 40 60 mts
Increase temperature to 90°c and run 1 minute (enzyme
killing)
Drain the bath Rinse Twice, each 3 minutes
26 DESCRIBE THE ENZYME BATH PROCESS OF DENIM LONG PANT BY NEUTRAL ENZYME
27 HOW CAN DO THE KILLING OF ENZYME IN ENZYME BATH?
and run for 1 minute
Or,
28 WHY CHLORINE BLEACH IS USE IN DENIM WET PROCESSING?
action on garments Because we know that chlorine has strong bleaching power So that it can easily create bleaching effect on garments
29 WHAT CHEMICALS IS USE FOR NEUTRALIZATION OF CHLORINE BLEACH?
Trang 1030 WRITE THE MAIN 5 FUNCTIONS OF ENZYME WASH
surface
31 WHAT IS THE ACTION OF ENZYME ON GARMENTS?
the yarn portion inside fabric and faded affect is produced
32 WHAT IS THE STANDARD TIME FOR BLEACHING IN BLEACHING BATH OF DENIM
GARMENTS?
33 WHAT TYPES OF ENZYME USED IN BANGLADESH?
34 WRITE DIFFERENT BETWEEN ACID ENZYME & NEUTRAL ENZYME
Acid enzyme Neutral enzyme
1) Acid enzyme colour is
4) Time: 25-50 min 4) Time: 40-70 min
5) More staining 5) Less staining
Trang 1135 HOW CAN CONTROL THE PH VALUE IN GARMENTS?
36 WHAT TYPES OF ENZYME SUITABLE FOR DARK SHADE ENZYME WASH OF DENIM LONG PANT & WHY?
Neutral enzyme is used for Dark shade enzyme wash because it comes
fading effect slowly
37 WHAT TYPE OF ENZYME SUITABLE FOR MEDIUM/LIGHT SHADE ENZYME WASH OF DENIM SKIRT?
because it comes enzyme effect quickly than neutral enzyme
38 WRITE DESIZING PROCESS OF TWILL LONG PANT FOR ENZYME WASH
Lot weight (80 pieces) 60 kg denim long pant
39 WRITE ENZYME BATH PROCESS OF TWILL LONG PANT ENZYME WASH
Add water at L : R = 1 : 8 450 Litre
Temperature 45°c
Add Acetic Acid at 0.6 gm / litre 270 gm
Add Anti back staining at 0.6 gm / litre 270 gm
Add Acid Enzyme at 2.00 gm / litre 900 gm
Time (Depend upon the shade) 40 60 mts
Increase temperature to 90°c and run 1 minute (enzyme killing)
Drain the bath
40 WRITE DIFFERENT TYPES OF WASHING FAULTS
Trang 12 Color shade variation.
41 WHAT IS THE PERFECT TEMPERATURE FOR ACID ENZYME AND NEUTRAL ENZYME?
42 WRITE MAIN PROCESS OF STONE ENZYME WASH FOR DENIM LONG PANT
Trang 13DENIM CALL PACE=1kg
00CX5 min
9.WASH 2 TIMES
WATER=700L , 00CX2 min
10.BLEACH
WATER=700
L , K.C.I.=6 kg
50CXCHECK AS TIME
11.WASH 1 TIME
WATER=700L, 00CX2 min
12.BLEACH NEUTRAL:
WATER=700L HYPO=2 kg, 00CX5 min
13.WASH 1 TIME
WATER=700 L, 00CX2 min
14 CAUSTIC
WATER=700 L
ID ECHO=100gCAUSTIC = 200gSOF PEC(SILICON)=50 g
WASH 1 TIME
15(last step).ph CONTROL+SOFTNER
Trang 14WATER=400L 11 MARK
ACETIC ACID=300 gNORMAL
SOFTNER=2kg
00CX3 minSIGNAURE (Check and Delivery):
43 WRITE THE FUNCTION OF ANTISTAIN, DETERGENT, AND POTASSIUM PER MANGANATE,
MICRO EMULSION SOFTENER, HYDROGEN PEROXIDE, OPTICAL BRIGHTENER, AND DESIZING
AGENT
ANTISTAIN: To protect the garment from staining , bleeding
DETERGENT: To remove dust, dirt and other impurities from the garments
POTASSIUM PER MANGANATE: after desizing it is sprayed in garments
area
It helps for color out from garment during Enzyme wash
MICRO EMULSION SOFTENER: To soft the garment and get better hand
feel
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE: Enhances bleach to produce light shade.
OPTICAL BRIGHTENER: For more whitening grey fabrics
DESIZING AGENT: Removes the sizing material from the garment
44 DESCRIBE ONLY BLEACHING PROCESS OF BLEACH WASH OF DENIM LONG PANT
Add water @ L: R = 1: 8 480 litres
Machine running
Trang 15 Add bleaching powder (k.c.i) @ 10 gm/litre 4800 gm.
Add soda ash @ 5 gm/litre 2400 gm
Temperature 60°c
Time (Depend upon the shade) 12 to 15 mts
Drop the liquor
Rinse twice, each 3 minutes
45 WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT PUMIC STONE?
47 WHY WE RUN THE DRYER WITH GARMENT AFTER DRY 10 TO 15 MTS IN COLD POSITION?
normal temperature
Trang 1648 WHICH DRYER IS SUITABLE TO DRY WHITE READYMADE GARMENTS AND WHY?
effect
49 DESCRIBE THE RISK/PROBLEM OF GAS DRYER
So there have high risk to get damage of garments
loss of strength
coloured garments drying
50 DESCRIBE THE FAULT/PROBLEM OF GARMENTS IF EXCESS LOAD IN THE WASHING
MACHINE
Washing chemicals will not work properly so
desizing/fading/bleaching/softening will not achieve as required level
51 WHAT ARE THE REASONS OF AFTER WASH HOLE?
52 WHAT IS THE STANDARD R.P.M (INNER DRUM) OF INDUSTRIAL DRYER?
53 IF INNER DRUM R.P.M OF WASHING M/C AND DRYER M/C IS TOO HIGH, WHAT TYPES OF EFFECT ON GARMENTS?
with inner drum and with one another and their rotation be increase As
a result the garments become more compact and that’s why the chemical solution for washing machine and temp for dryer machine cannot work properly towards
the garments
54 WHAT ARE THE STD L:R FOR DESIZING, ENZYME BATH, SOFTENER BATH
Trang 17L: R for desizing 1:9.
L: R for enzyme bath 1:7
L: R for softener bath 1:6
55 WRITE THE NAME OF STEPS OF STONE ENZYME WASH PROCESS OF DENIM LONG PANT
Trang 1859 WHAT IS THE STANDARD STOCK SOLUTION OF P.P SOLUTION?
LUBRICANT
60 HOW DO YOU NEUTRALIZATION OF P.P TREATMENT GARMENT?
Oxalic acid (COOH-COOH)
61 WRITE THE PRECAUTION OF ACID WASH
in to the machine
batch It is a matter of experience
62 WHAT TYPE OF DYES USED FOR TINTING OF READY MADE GARMENTS?
Trang 19Reactive Dye, Direct dye.
63 GENERALLY WHICH COLOR IS USED FOR TINTING?
Orange (bright color), Yellow or Blue Similar shade given colours
64 WRITE THE MAIN TINTING PROCESS (DYEING) BY DIRECT DYES
Step 1: Desizing: Batch size: 60pcs
Water is added
Garments are loaded
Machine started
500 gm Soda ash added
500 gm Caustic soda added
200 gm Bio D added
Steam temp: 60°C
Process time: 25 minutes
Drop liquor
Step 2: Enzyme wash:
Water added 400 liters
Machine running
200 ml liquid, 400 gm powder type enzyme added
150 ml Acetic acid added
200 gm Anti Back staining agent added
10 kg Pumice stone added
Trang 20 Machine running.
Add bleaching powder (k.c.i) at 10 gm/litre 4800 Gms
Add soda ash @ 5 gm/litre 2400 gm
Drop the liquor
Rinse twice, each 3 minutes
Step 4: Neutral wash
Water is added: 400 liters
65 WRITE THE MAIN TINTING PROCESS (DYEING) BY REACTIVE DYES
Step 1: Desizing: Batch size: 60pcs
Water is added
Garments are loaded
Machine started
Trang 21 500 gm Soda ash added
500 gm Caustic soda added
Step 2: Enzyme wash:
Water added 400 liters
Machine running
200 ml liquid, 400 gm powder type enzyme added
150 ml Acetic acid added
200 gm Anti Back staining agent added
10 kg Pumice stone added
Add bleaching powder (k.c.i) at 10 gm/litre 4800 Gms
Add soda ash @ 5 gm/litre 2400 gm
50 cx15-20 mts
Drop the liquor
Rinse twice, each 3 minutes
Step 4: Neutral wash
Water is added: 400 liters
Machine running
Trang 22 500 gm Hypo sulphide added
67 WHAT ARE THE MAIN INGREDIENTS FOR SAND BLASTING PROCESS?
68 WRITE THE APPROX PRODUCTION/HR/GUN OF SAND BLASTING
25-50 garments (depends on rate of fading needed)
Trang 23PERSONAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT ( PPE )
70 WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY PP SPRAY?
PP SPRAY
71 WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY PP SPONGING?
before main enzyme wash and after desizing and hot wash
PP SPONGING
72 WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF PP SPRAY?
To import smogy faded effect in garments
73 WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF PP SPONGING?
To import fading effect in specific areas (thigh,bum,knee) of garments
as buyer recommended
74 WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY WHISKERING?
It is known as CAT’s whisker, Moustache, Honeycomb
Its another form that shows a worn effect but fashionable
Trang 24 Transfer the design on ply wood
Place the rubber sheet on ply wood as the design on ply wood
Attach rubber with wood by gum to make the pattern
Enter the pattern in front opening of pant
Rub by emery paper (300,400,500) ppm
PATTERN
Thus the effect comes on garments is
called “WHISKERING”
75 WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY TAGGING?
Tag the garments (before washing) import fashionable effect after washing
In high temperature process tag is done by knotting, high effect occur
In low temperature process tag is done by tag gun, less effect occur
76 WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY GRINDING?
By grinding machine totally damaged the edge of pocket,hem
POCKET EDGE GRINDING
77 WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY DESTROY?
Trang 25 By destroy gun a little portion (small line/circle/shape) is
damaged
After destroy tou can only see the weft (white) yarn portin
Very much experinced labour are required
ONLY WEFT YARNS CAN SEE at
DESTROY AREAs
DESTROY GUN
78 WHAT TYPES OF FABRICS ARE SUITABLE FOR PERMANENT CRINKLE?
Dense woven fabrics normally (twill like DENIM, plain like BABY FROK)
Single jersey ( rare case )
79 WRITE THE CHEMICAL NAME FOR PERMANENT CRINKLE ON THE GARMENT
Stock solutions for Resin solution is 300g resin in 700L water
Wetting agent : 0.5% owf
81 WHAT IS THE STANDARD TIME IS REQUIRED FOR PERMANENT WRINKLE IN THE OVEN?
15 min (std.) /30 min (usual in HAMS)
Trang 26Which type of crinkle is created through the hole garments but not permanently placed, that is called overall crinkle.
Basis on area of crinkle the overall crinkle is determined
Overall crinkle is done in :
Mens shirt-pant, Women tops etc
83 WHAT TYPES OF DYES ARE USED FOR 100% COTTON READYMADE GARMENTS?
Vat dye(high cost, excellent fastnes)
Reactive dye(less cost Good fastness)
Indigo dye (better rubbing fastness)
Disperse dye
Sulphur dye
84 WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY READY FOR DYEING GARMENTS?
RDG means which garments already
desized,scoured,bleached
Its colour is white It is clean and ready to treat with dye
85 WRITE THE MAIN/FIRST STEP OF READY FOR DYEING PROCESS
Good pretreatment (DESIZING)
86 WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY SUPER WHITE PROCESS?
Which washing process creates white garments made of cotton grey
fabrics is called super white process, it just severly washed out the colour of garments by extreme bleach action then brightening the garments
87 WRITE THE CHEMICAL NAMES WHICH ARE USED FOR SUPER WHITE PROCESS
Trang 27 Stabilizer
Acetic acid
Optical brightener agent
88 Write the Dyeing bath process of Pigment Dyes for cotton readymade Garment.
Pigment dyes are useful to give a washdown casual look on leisurewear These dyes are less
precise than reactive dyes as colour matching cannot be so precisely achieved This is because the process involves 3 main stages The first stage is to treat the fabric with a cationic product This in effect makes the fabric more readily accept pigment dye molecules that do not really penetrate the fibres as other dye types but tend to sit on the surface of the fabric This quality is how the washdown look is reached in the second stage.
The second stage is applying the pigment dye With the machine turning quite quickly the
pigment dye in liquid form, rather like paint, is introduced into the machine and is dispersed over the fabric The machine turns quickly to ensure an even dispersal During this part of the process the mechanical action of the machine and the fabrics rubbing on each other knocks off some of the dye The dye is reduced particularly from the high spots such as seams, hems pocket edges and so forth There is no separate washdown process as this dye cycle is usually sufficient to achieve the required look As the dye only sits on the surface removing some of it by mechanical action reveals the undyed fibre This gives the worn look associated with pigment dyes
The third stage involves processing with a binder This is designed to keep the pigment dye attached to the surface of the fabric Of course there are various rinse stages between the main processes and the final stage is usually a softening bath.
You will see how the result is dependent on completing all stages and a fair amount of
mechanical action This is why it is not practical to do lab dips as you would for reactive dyes It
is also why you need to process a number of garments together even when sampling to produce the desired effect
Pigment dye molecules are relatively large and easily filtered at water treatment plants and are
therefore considered to be eco friendly They are also processed at generally lower temperatures than reactive dyes and the process time is shorter These factors further contribute to their eco friendly status.
Some advantages of pigment dyes include their ability to cover non-cotton fabrics at least to certain extent So for example, some of our customers buy basic T-shirts and sweatshirts in white, which are nearly always sewn with polyester thread (Polyester thread will not dye at all with reactive dye) This means the seams and other sewn parts; button holes etc will accept at least some of the pigment dye A white T-shirt dyed with reactive dye but sewn with polyester thread will dye perfectly to any shade but the stitching will remain white Of course garments known as PFD – prepared for dyeing – will be sewn with cotton thread and this is ideal as they can be dyed with any dye type and the stitching will dye too