Communication style at the Vietnamese and American workplace Phong cách giao tiếp công sở ở Việt Nam và Mỹ Phạm Thanh Huyền University of Languages and International studies M.A Minor
Trang 1Communication style at the Vietnamese and
American workplace Phong cách giao tiếp công sở ở Việt Nam và Mỹ
Phạm Thanh Huyền
University of Languages and International studies M.A Minor Thesis English Linguistics; Mã số: 60 22 15
Supervisor : M.A Phan Thị Vân Quyên
Năm bảo vệ: 2012
Abstract Facing the fact that more and more Vietnamese and Americans have to work
with each other due to the globalization, this study has been carried out to investigate and describe the Vietnamese and American communication style at the workplace Data were obtained from 30 Vietnamese and 30 Americans who have experience working with foreigners (i.e Americans and Vietnamese) in different companies After analyzing and discussing the results of the survey, a number of potential problems experienced by Vietnamese and Americans when communicating were revealed Based on these barriers, the study provided some concluding remarks of this study Though the research is in small scale and cannot cover all problems faced by Vietnamese and Americans in intercultural working environment, the author of this study hopes that it will contribute to identifying the problems Vietnamese and Americans may experience and help their communication become easier and more effective
Keywords.Tiếng Anh; Giao tiếp; Giao tiếp công sở
Content
The study consists of 5 chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduction presents the rationale, the objectives, the scope, the
significance, the methods and the design of the study
Chapter 2: Theoretical background starts with the definitions of culture,
communication and intercultural communication Then, Hofstede’s and Hall’s cultural dimensions are presented and discussed After that the communication style at the workplace are taken into consideration as well as some potential problems in multicultural
Trang 2working environment are identified Finally, the previous studies is mentioned and evaluated
Chapter 3: Methodology presents the methodology used in this study This part
consists of 3 parts: the selection of participants in which the author gives some reasons for the selection and the description of the participants; the data collection instruments in which the instrument and procedure of data analysis are discussed; methods of data collection in which the methods and procedure of data collection are identified
Chapter 4: Findings and discussion introduces the results of the survey which
describe the differences between Vietnamese and American communication style, which leads to problems occurring when Vietnamese and American people communicate at the workplace Then, the findings are analyzed and discussed
Chapter 5: Conclusion presents the conclusion, implication for people working in
intercultural working environment, the limitations of the study in which the author states the reasons for the study’s limitations, and suggestions for further study
References
In English
1 Aguinis, H (2002) The Search for Universals in Cross-Cultural Organisational Behavior Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
2 Bakacsi, G et al (2002) Eastern European cluster: tradition and transition
Journal of World Business, p 69-80
3 Beamer, L., & Varner, I (2008) Intercultural communication in the workplace
New York: McGraw-Hill
4 Bennett, M J (1998) Intercultural communication: A current perspective
Intercultural Press
5 Borgulya, A (2007) Hungarian – German Cultural Conflicts at Work Retrieved
from www.organizzazione.unina.it/cms7/ /Borgulya.pdf
6 Burns, A (1999) Collaborative action research for English language teachers
Cambridge University Press
Trang 37 Du-Babcock, B (1999) Topic management and turn taking in professional communication: First- versus second-language strategies Management Communication
Quarterly, Vol 12, p 544-574
8 Earley, P C., & Mosakowski, E (2000) Creating hybrid team cultures: An empirical test of transnational team functioning Academy of Management Journal, p
26-49
9 Erez, M (1992) Interpersonal Communication Systems in Organizations, and their Relationships to Cultural Values, Productivity and Innovation: The Case of Japanese Corporations An International Review, p 43-64
10 Hall, E T (1976) Beyond culture New York: Anchor Press/Doubleday
11 Hitt, W D (1995) The learning organization: Some reflections on organizational renewal Leadership & Organization Development Journal, p 17-26
12 Hostede, G H (1980) Culture’s consequences, international differences in work-related values Sage Publications
13 Hofstede, G H & Bond, M H (1988) The Confucius connection: From cultural roots to economic growth Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc
14 Hofstede, G H (1991) Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind
McGraw-Hill
15 Hofstede, G H (1997) Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind: Intercultural Cooperation and Its Importance for Survival McGraw-Hill
16 Jiang, W Y (2000) The relationship between culture and language Oxford
University Press, p 328-334
17 Joshi, A., Labianca, G., & Caligiuri, P M (2002) Getting along long distance: Understanding conflict in a multinational team through network analysis Journal of
World Business, p 277-284
18 Joynt, P & Warner, M (1996) Introduction: Cross-cultural perspectives Managing across Cultures: Issues and Perspectives International Thomson Business
Press
19 Juhn, C.; Murphy, K M & Pierce, B (1993) Wage Inequality and the Rise in Returns to Skill The Journal of Political Economy, p 410-442
Trang 420 Keyton, J (2005) Communication research: Asking questions, finding answers
New York: McGraw-Hill
21 Kim, D., Pan, Y., & Park, H S (1998) High-versus low-context culture: A comparison of Chinese, Korean, and American cultures Psychology and Marketing,
15(6), 507-521
22 Kirkman, B L & Rosen, B (1999) Beyond self-management: Antecedents and consequences of team empowerment Academy of Management Journal, p 58-74
23 Knutson, T J., Hwang, J C., & Deng, B C (2000) Perception and management of conflict: A comparison of Taiwanese and US business employees Intercultural
Communication Studies, p 1-31
24 Koopman, P L.; Hartog, D N D & Konrad, E (1999) National Culture and Leadership Profiles in Europe: Some Results from the GLOBE Study European
Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8(4), pp 503 – 520
25 Kraut, R E.; Fish, R.S.; Root, R.W & Chalfonte, B.L (1993) Informal communication in organizations: Form, function, and technology The Claremont
Symposium on Applied Social Psychology (pp 145-199) Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications
26 Labianca, G.; Gray, B & Brass, D (2000) A Grounded Model of Organizational Schema Change during Empowerment Organization Science, p 235-257
27 Levinson, D R and Adelman, M.B (1993) Beyond Language – Cross-cultural Communication, Regent/Prentice Hall Inc
28 Lindsley, S L (1999) A layered mode of problematic intercultural communication
in U.S.-owned maquiladoras in Mexico Communication Monographs, p 145-167
29 Lustig, M W & Koester, J (1996) Intercultural competence: interpersonal communication across cultures HarperCollins College Publishers
30 Martinsons, M & Westwood, R (1997) Management information systems in the Chinese business culture: An explanatory theory Information & Management, 32(5), p
215–228
31 Mary, M (1993) Cross-cultural communication for managers Business Horizons,
p 69
Trang 532 Mcphee, R D (1985) Organizational communication: Traditional themes and new directions Beverly Hill, CA: Sage, pp 149-177
33 Morden, T (1995) International culture and management Management Decision,
33(2), pp 16 – 21
34 Newman, K L & Nollen, S D (1996) Culture and Congruence: The Fit between Management Practices and National Culture Journal of International Business Studies,
Vol 27, No 4, p 753-779
35 Richards, J C., Platt, J and Platt, H (1992), Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, Longman
36 Richardson, R.M., & Smith, S.W (2007) The influence of high/low-context culture and power distance on choice of communicationmedia: Students’media choice to communicate with professors in Japan and America International Journal of Intercultural
Relations, 31(4), p.479–501
37 Samovar, L A & Porter, R E (1991) Communication between Cultures
Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth
38 Shenkar, O., & Zeira, Y (1987) Human resources management in international joint ventures: Directions for research Academy of Management Review, p 546-557
39 Shuter, R., & Wiseman, R (1994) Communication in multinational organizations: Conceptual, theoretical, and practical issues Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
40 Simons, R (1995) Levers of Control Boston: Harvard Business School Press
41 Ting-Toomey, S (1999) Communication across cultures New York: Guilford
Press
42 Tokarek, M (2006) How to manage intercultural communication People
Management, p 66-67
43 Triandis, H C (1995) Individualism and Collectivism Boulder, Colorado:
Westview Press
44 Usunier, J C & Lee, J (2005) Marketing across cultures Financial Times
45 Verma,G (1999) Researching Education: Perspectives and Techniques Falmer
Press
Trang 646 Weaver, K M (2000) Attitudes toward Cooperative Strategies: A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Entrepreneurs Journal of International Business Studies, 31, Fourth Quarter
2000: p 591-609
47 Webb, G (1996) Understanding Staff development Society of research for Higher Education London
48 Wierzbicka, A (2003), Cross-Cultural Pragmatics - The Semantics of Human Interaction, Die Deutsche Bibliothek, Berlin
49 Wikipedia
Retrieved from : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unstructured_interview
50 Williams, K.Y.; Morris, M W.; Leung, K.; Bhatnagar, D.; HU, J.C.; Kondo, M &
Luo, J L (1998) Culture, Conflict Management, and Underlying Values: Accounting for Differences in Styles of Handling Conflicts among US, Chinese, Indian, and Filipino Managers Journal of international business studies, 29(4), pp 729-748
51 Ybema, S & Byun, H (2009) Cultivating Culture Differences in Asymmetric Power Relations Cross Culture Management, 9 (3), pp 339-358
52 Yum, J O (1988) The impact of Confucianism on interpersonal relationships and communication patterns in East Asia Communication Monographs, 55 (4), pp 374-388
In Vietnamese
1 Nguyễn Quang Ngoạn (2004) Some Vietnamese-American Cross-cultural Similarities and Differences in Disagreeing with Power-Unequals, M.A Thesis, Vietnam National University – Hanoi
2 Nguyễn Quang (2007) Giao tiếp phi ngôn từ qua các nền văn hoá, NXB Đại Học Quốc
Gia Hà Nội