Tổng hợp lý thuyết và bài tập câu bị động

Trong đó tân ngữ phải chịu tác động của hành động.. "She reads." không có tân ngữ nên không thể chuyển sang câu bị động 2.. Cách chuyển đổi Active chủ động Passive bị độngchủ ngữ S → tân

Câu chủ động và Câu bị động

1 The simple present

Thì hiện tại đơn giản

S+ V(s, es) +O S + am/ is / are + P2 +

by O

2 The present

continuous

Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn

S +am / is / are + V +ing

+ O

S +am / is / are +being + P2 + by O

3 The present perfect

Thì hiện tại hoàn thành

S + have / has + P2 + O S + have / has + been

5 The past continuous

Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn S + were / was + V + ing+ O S + were / was + being+ P2 + by O

6 The past perfect

Thì quá khứ hoàn

thành

S + had + P2 + O S + had +been + P2 +

by O

7 The near future

Thì tơng lai gần S + is/am/ are + going to+ V (infinitive) + O S + am/is/are + goingto + be +P2 + by O

8 The simple future

Thì tơng lai đơn giản

S + will / shall + V(infinitive) + O

S + will/ shall + be +

P2 + by Omột số quy tắc chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động

1 Câu chủ động phải có đủ 3 thành phần : chủ ngữ (S), động từ (V), và tânngữ (O) thì mới có thể biến sang câu bị động Trong đó tân ngữ phải chịu tác động của hành động

Ví dụ: "She has got a dog" không thể chuyển sang câu bị động

"She reads." không có tân ngữ nên không thể chuyển sang câu bị động

2 Cách chuyển đổi

Active (chủ động) Passive (bị động)chủ ngữ (S) → tân ngữ (O)

- Không biết ngời thực hiện hành động

- Không quan tâm đến ngời thực hiện hành động

- Chỉ quan tâm đến bản thân hành động

5 Có thể bỏ By + O nếu O là các tr ờng hợp sau:

- Các đại từ bất định: Someone, Every body

- People, You, Them

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE

1 The room is cleaned everyday

- Somebody ………

2 They cancelled all the flights because of fog.( to cancel: hoãn)

- All the flights ………

3 This road is not used very often

21 Shakespeare wrote many famous plays.

- Many famous plays ………

22 Bill will invite Ann to the party.

40 Lisa wrote all the songs on this new album

- All the songs ………

41 They print the words to all the songs on the back of the cover.( to print: in)

- The words ………

42 They will repeat this documentary on BBC next week.(to repeat: nh¾c l¹i)

- This documentary ………

43 Now people find this kind of bird in only a few remote places in Scotland

- This kind of bird ………

44 This kind of bird is protected by laws.( to protect: b¶o vÖ)

1 Bill will invite Ann to the party

- Ann………

2 I didn't write that letter.

- That letter………

3 Hundreds of people visit the White House everyday

- The White House………

4 Everyone doesn't know this fact very well

3 Now people find this kind of bird in only a few remote places in Scotland

- This kind of bird ………

4 They grow rice in the north

- Rice ………

5 We don't raise cows on our farm

- Cows ………

1 People used oil-lamps years ago.

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE 12

57 Somebody cleans the room everyday

58 They cancelled all the flights because of fog

- All the flights ………

59 People do not use this road very often

64 They are opening a new ring road round the city

65 They have built a big hospital which costs much money

70 They are building some new houses down the street

71 They have moved nothing in your room

86 Shakespeare wrote many famous plays.

- Many famous plays ………

87 Bill will invite Ann to the party

95 Hundreds of people visit the Washington Monument each day

96 The Chinese invented paper, the main writing material today

97 Jim’s daughter drew that picture

98 They put on a new roof last year.

113 Lisa wrote all the songs on this new album

- All the songs ………

114 They print the words to all the songs on the back of the cover

117 Law protects this kind of bird

118 She has not changed the flowers

119 They have prepared tables for lunch

-Tables ………

120 Somebody is listening to my phone calls

121 Someone had stolen his car

- The passive voice ………

133 His experiment was carried out ten years ago

138 When we came, they were repairing the roof of the house

- When we came, the roof ………

139 We are going to select him for the team

146 That factory is producing more and more pollution

- More and more pollution ………

147 The Persian invented windmills around 500 years ago

150 No one has asked me that question before

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE - WORD CHOICE

282 They signed the contract at lunchtime In passive voice, this should be:

a They were signed the contract at lunchtime

b At lunchtime the contract were signed by them

c The contract at lunchtime was signed by them

d The contract was signed at lunchtime

283 The police are questioning him at their headquarter

a The police are being questioned at their headquarter

b He was questioned at their headquarter.

c He's being questioned by the police at their headquarter

d He was being questioned by the police at their headquarter

I DEFINITION(Định nghĩa)

1 Active sentences (Câu chủ động) : Câu chủ động là câu trong đó chủ ngữ

là người hay vật thực hiện hành động

Ex : They built the house in this village in 1486

2 Passive sentences (Câu bị động) : Câu bị động là câu trong đó chủ ngữ là người hay vật nhận hoặc chịu tác động của hành động

Ex : The house was built in this village in 1486

II PASSIVE TRANSFORMATION (Cách đổi sang câu bị động)

Muốn chuyển một câu từ thể chủ động sang thể bị động, ta thực hiện những bước sau

Continuous S + am / is / are + V-ing

They are painting the house S + am / is / are + being + p.p

The house is being painted.Present Perfect

She was doing the homework

at that time yesterday p.pHer homework was being

done at that time yesterday.Past Perfect

S + had + p.p

They had destroyed all the documents when they arrived

S + had been + p.p

All the documents had been destroyed when they arrived.Future Simple

Talks will be being held at thistime next year

 Chủ ngữ I, you, we, they, he, she , it, one, someone, people,

someone, somebody, nobody, no one thường được bỏ đi trong cây bị

Ex : Nobody saw him leaving the room  He wasn’t seen leaving the room.

 Vị trí của các trạng từ trong câu bị động :

- Trạng từ chỉ cách thức (Adverb of manner) thường đứng giữa be và past participle Các trạng từ khác thường đứng sau trợ động từ đầu tiên.

Ex : This problem has been carefully studied by the scientists

She had never been promoted if she wouldn’t have changed her job.

- Trạng từ hoặc cụm từ chỉ thời gian đứng sau by + object.

Ex : The report was typed by the secretary this morning.

- Trạng từ hoặc cụm từ chỉ nơi chốn đứng trước by + object.

Ex : He was found in the forest by the police.

III SPECIAL CASES : (Các trường hợp đặc biệt)

1 Questions : (Câu hỏi)

E.g : Should we help Jane with the sewing ?  Should Jane be helped withthe sewing ?

What time can the boy hand in their papers ?  What time can the boys’papers be handed in ?

Who taught you to speak English ?  Who were you taught to speakEnglish

By whom were you taught to speakEnglish ?

2 Verb with two objects : (Động từ với hai tân ngữ)

- Khi động từ chủ động có 2 tân ngữ chỉ người (indirect object – I.O) và chỉ vật(direct object – D.O) thì cả 2 tân ngữ đó đều có thể làm chủ ngữ trong câu bịđộng

(a) V + indirect object (I.O) + direct object (D.O)

E.g : He gave (I.O) the police (D.O) information

(b) V + direct object (D.O) + preposition + indirect object (I.O)

E.g : He gave the (D.O) information to (I.O) the police.

- Lúc này, dạng bị động được thành lập bằng 2 cách

 Tân ngữ gián tiếp trở thành chủ ngữ của câu bị động

E.g : The police were given information

 Tân ngữ trực tiếp trở thành chủ từ của câu bị động

E.g : The information were given to the police

- Thông thường tân ngữ gián tiếp thường được chọn làm chủ từ của câu bịđộng hơn là tân ngữ trực tiếp

E.g : The council have awarded Andrew the grand prize for his essay

 Andrew has been awarded the grand prize for his essay by the council.(more common)

The grand prize has been awarded to Andrew for his essay by the council.(less common)

- Một số động từ thường dùng với dạng này : award, give, sell, send, show, lend, pay, promise, write, teach,…

3 Verb of perception : (Động từ chỉ giác quan)

- Các động từ chỉ giác quan thườngđược dùng trong cấu trúc này là :

feel, see, watch, hear,…

E.g : We saw them go out ofthe house

 They were seen to go out of the house

I heard him run upstairs  He was heard to run upstairs

- Dạng bị động này còn được dùng với động từ help và make (đi với infinitive)

bare-E.g : They made him tell the truth  He was told to tell the truth

You should help the old carry their heavy bags  The old should behelped to carry the heavy bags

- Let được dùng không có TO Tuy nhiên let ít được dùng ở dạng bị động,

allow được dùng ở dạng bị động để thay thế

E.g : They let is go  We were let go (We were allowed to go)

4 To-infinitive & infinitive passive : (Động từ nguyên mẫu có TO và không TO)

- Các động từ chỉ mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu, sự cho phép,lời khuyên, lời mời,… được dùng theo cấu trúc

sau : ask, tell, request, advice, order, allow, invite

E.g : He asked me to send a stamp  I was asked to send a stamp

They advised us to go early  We wereadvised to go early

5 Reporting verb with THAT clause : (Động từ tường thuật với mệnh

dề THAT)

- Mệnh đề that được dùng làm tân ngữ

cho các động từ : allege, announce, hope, believe, claim, consider, expect, know, report, rumor, say, think,…

- Chỉ dùng perfect infinitive trong các trường hợp sau

Present Simple Past Simple

Present Simple Present Perfect

Past Simple Past Perfect

E.g : We know that he is an honest man They say that thecastle was built in the 19th century

 It is known that he is an honest man  It is said that the castlewas built in the 19th century.

He is known to be an honest man The castle is said to havebeen built in the 19th century

6 Imperative form : (Mệnh lệnh cách)

E.g : Turn off all the lights before leaving the workshop

 Let the lights be turned off before you leave the workshop

All the lights must be turned off before you leave the workshop

Note : Trong trường hợp câu mệnh lệnh có 2 vế thì cần phải xem xét kĩ chủngữ của từng vế, khi đối sang câu bị động phải đổi kèm với chủ từ vế sau đểtránh lỗi về phân từ (dangling participial phrases)

7 Causative form : (Thể sai khiến)

- Thể sai khiến được dùng để nói rằngchúng ta nhờ hoặc sắp xếp cho ailàm một việc gì đó cho chúng ta

E.g : I will get a mechanic to repair

my car

 I will get my car repaired by a mechanic

The manager had his secretary type the document  The manager had hisdocument typed by the secretary

Note : Người ta thường sử dụng cấu trúc bị động của thể nhờ vả hơn là thểchủ động

- Ngoài ra, cấu trúc have / get sth done còn được dùng để nói về những

điều không tốt đẹp xảy ra cho người hay vật nào đó

E.g : The shops had its beautiful windows broken in a strong storm

Mr Mai has just had her wallet stolen on the bus

EXERCISES

A CAUSATIVE FORM

I Rewrite these sentences, using Causative Active Form :

1 I asked Jack to polish my shoes

4 She has told the maid to wash her clothes

13.The actress will ask the photographer to take some photos

14.Mr Pikes asked his students to cut their hair every months

II Rewrite these sentences, using Causative Passive Form :

1 The mother has had her daughter make a dress

III.Use the correct verb form :

1 He has his shoes ……… every day (shine)

2 He gets his hair ……… once a month (cut)

3 We shall have those books ……… to you (bring)

4 Maria had her landlord ……… the broken windows before winter (fix)

5 I’ll get a specialist ……… my health (check up)

6 They are going to have their wedding card ……… there (print)

7 She got the post office ……… a telephone in his flat (install)

8 Before we leave, let’s have Sally ……… a map so we wouldn’t get lost (draw)

9 She can’t always get her mother ……… aloud to her (read)

10.She can make any dogs ……… her (obey)

11.I called the company to have my telephone ……… (change)

12.They are going to have a new school ……… (build)

13.She had a street artist ……… her portrait (paint)

14.She got the dentist ……… her decaying tooth (pull out)

15.To please my son, I had his old bicycle ……… (repair)

16.Minh is getting his document ……… (type)

B THE PASSIVE VOICE

I Use the correct passive form of these verbs :

1 An island ……… by water (cover)

2 I ……… to the party last night but I didn’t come (invite)

3 Many accidents ……… by reckless driving (cause)

4 A new dormitory ……… in the university campus now (build)

5 Thank goodness ! My jewelry ……… in the robbery last night

(steal / not)

6 If I didn’t do my job properly, I ……… (sack)

7 The electric light bulb ……… by Thomas Edison (invent)

8 Mickey Mouse cartoons ……… in sixty languages (translate)

9 If it is foggy, that sport event ……… (cancel)

10.The examinees ……… the result of the examination next week (tell)11.This machine ……… for quite a long time (not use)

12.The clever dog saved Lan and her family from ……… in the typhoon.(catch)

13.I am looking forward to ……… fairly (treat)

14.Nylon ……… by an American chemist, Julian Hill in the 1930s.(invent)

15.How old is this tower ? It ……… to be over 600 years ago (believe)

16.Teacher’s day ……… largely since 1982 (celebrate)

17.We are having our house ……… at the moment (paint)

18.Some trees ……… on the sidewalk at the moment (plant)19.My car has disappeared It ……… by my brother (take)

20.So as not ……… by paparazzi, Angelina Jolie wore a veil (recognize)

II Rewrite these sentences :

1 They say that she is the best singer in this town

The prisoners 11.It is reported that the buildings have been badly damaged by fire

The buildings 12.It is reported that many people are homeless after the floods

Many people 13.We all expected that Marta will pass the exam.

It 14.We knew that you are in town on the night of the crime

You

15.People believe that he was killed by terrorists

He

III Change these sentences to the passive voice :

1 Our neighbor ought to paint the garage

11.A man requested the stranger to leave the meeting

12.They have eaten all the dinner since they finished the conversation

20.Why didn’t they mend the roof before it fell in?

21.People said that the policeman soon died of cancer

22.People think that we are using too much electricity.

23.Every year, Viet Nam exports millions of tons of rice

24.Vietnamese people celebrate their Lunar New Year Festival around January and February

25.Our teacher always advises us to study harder on the second term

26.The Library of Congress in the USA employs over 5000 employees

27.My mother is making “Special Chinese Fried Rice” in the kitchen now

28.Mr Tam is painting his pictures with his patience

29.They are planning to see a new film called “Ghost of Georgia”

30.They are broadcasting the World Cup soccer games all over the world

41 Mai wrote some articles about the damage of 11th storm.

58.Nick will bring the pizzas to our house

59.You can’t make tea in cold water

60.They are digging some holes in the garden

61.Did you receive your visa yesterday

62.Where will the company send you next year

63.He has spelt the word wrongly

64.She was doing the homework at 4 yesterday

65.They were preparing the meals when I arrived home

66.The zookeeper feeds the animals at the zoo every day

67.Should they help Timothy with cooking dinner ?

68.The managers have copied the file since you left the company

69.They are going to steal your money if you are not careful

70.The thief broke the window and took away some pictures

71.For centuries, poets, writers and musicians have mentioned ao dai in poems, novels and songs

72.They are going to plant some flowers and plants in our school yard next week

73.Students in secondary school shouldn’t drive motorbikes at school

74.They had opened a new museum in this land before we came to live in

Vietnam in 1999

75.People said that Michael Jackson died of using too much cocaine

76.Their boos made them work very hard until midnight

77.This is the first time they have written to us about this

78.How many lessons are you going to learn next month?

79.Someone had invented electric lights before I was born

80.People know that Japan produces a wide range of cars

81.Before they took exams they had revised their lessons

82.When he came home his father was reading a newspaper

83.My father will take me to Ho Chi Minh City next week

84.When I was 18 years old, my parents allowed me to go out in the evening

85.You were wearing your new hat when I met you yesterday

86.He is preparing everything for the presidential election

87.Last Friday, when I came to Jane’s house, she had finished all exercises

88.Countries are finding a way to solve the problem

89.He put the letter in the drawer, and then he locked it up

90.By the end of this year, we will have learnt 2,000 English words

91.Don’t ask for another book until you finish this one

92.Her father was planting different kinds of flowers in the garden

93.The Prime Minister is making a speech at the moment

94.How many days did she spend finishing the work?

95.The doctor pulled out one of my teeth yesterday morning

96.His wife usually brings him sandwiches at lunch time

97.The light went out while I was making a cup of tea

98.The students of chemistry made many experiments last week

99.For the past years, I have done all my washing by hand

EXERCISE 1: CHUY N C C C U SAU SANG B Ể BỊ ĐỘNG ÁC CÂU SAU SANG BỊ ĐỘNG ÂU BỊ ĐỘNG Ị ĐỘNG ĐỘNG NG.

1.My father waters this flower every morning

2.John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night

3.Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen

4.We should clean our teeth twice a day

5.Our teachers have explained the English grammar

6.Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city

7.Tom will visit his parents next month

8.The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning

9.Did Mary this beautiful dress?

10.I won’t hang these old pictures in the living room

11.The German didn’t build this factory during the Second World War

12.The Greens are going to paint this house and these cars for Christmas Day

13.Ann had fed the cats before she went to the cinema

14.The students have discussed the pollution problems since last week

15.Have the thieves stolen the most valuable painting in the national museum?

16.Some people will interview the new president on TV.

17.How many languages do they speak in Canada?

18.Are you going to repair those shoes?

19.He has broken his nose in a football match

20.Have you finished the above sentences?

TH B Ể BỊ ĐỘNG Ị ĐỘNG ĐỘNG NG C C M U C U C B N ÁC CÂU SAU SANG BỊ ĐỘNG ẪU CÂU CƠ BẢN ÂU BỊ ĐỘNG Ơ BẢN ẢN

EXERCISE 2:CHUY N C C C U SAU SANG B Ể BỊ ĐỘNG ÁC CÂU SAU SANG BỊ ĐỘNG ÂU BỊ ĐỘNG Ị ĐỘNG ĐỘNG NG

1.The waiter brings me this dish

2.Our friends send these postcards to us

3.Their grandmother told them this story when they visited her last week.4.Tim ordered this train ticket for his mother

5.You didn’t show me the special camaras

6.She showed her ticket to the airline agent

7.He lends his friend his new shoes

8.She left her relatives five million pounds

9.The shop assistant handed these boxes to the customer

10.The board awarded the first prize to the reporter

11.Have you sent the christmas cards to your family?

12.The committee appointed Alice secretary for the meeting

13.He hides the broken cup in the drawer

14.They keep this room tidy all the time

15.They all voted the party a great success

16.We gave Ann some bananas and some flowers

17.They moved the fridge into the living room

18.She bought some cups of tea to the visitors in the next room

19.They find the new project worthless

20.The secretary didn’t take the note to the manager

TH B Ể BỊ ĐỘNG Ị ĐỘNG ĐỘNG NG C C ÁC CÂU SAU SANG BỊ ĐỘNG ĐỘNG NG T T Ừ TƯỜNG THUẬT ƯỜNG THUẬT NG THU T ẬP VỀ CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG

EXERCISE 3:CHUY N C C C U SAU SANG B Ể BỊ ĐỘNG ÁC CÂU SAU SANG BỊ ĐỘNG ÂU BỊ ĐỘNG Ị ĐỘNG ĐỘNG NG.

1.They told me that you were the best architect in this city

2.She reported that the flowers were killed by frost

3.Some people inform me that the director is going to take a business trip to England.4.That officer announced that the meeting was delayed until next week

5.He discovered that this cotton was grown in Egypt

6.They promise that the performance will start on time

7.He recommends that we should stay at the city center

8.We believed that Alice would pass the driving test

9.The director notifies all the workers that they will have to work extra hard this month.10.They have persuaded me that they will go with me to the stadium

11.They have decided that the company will go to the beach together at the weekend.12.People think that Maradona is the best football player in the 20th century

13.They find that the job is not suitable for a girl like her

14.The teacher explained that this powerful engine pulled the train

15.He told me that his football team had played well last season

B Ị ĐỘNG ĐỘNG NG V I NH NG ỚI NHỮNG ĐỘNG TỪ SAI BẢO ỮNG ĐỘNG TỪ SAI BẢO ĐỘNG NG T SAI B O Ừ TƯỜNG THUẬT ẢN

EXERCISE 4:CHUY N C C C U SAU SANG B Ể BỊ ĐỘNG ÁC CÂU SAU SANG BỊ ĐỘNG ÂU BỊ ĐỘNG Ị ĐỘNG ĐỘNG NG.

1.I had my nephew paint the gate last week

2.She will have Peter wash her car tomorrow

3.They have her tell the story again

4.John gets his sister to clean his shirt

5.Anne had had a friend type her composition

6.Rick will have a barber cut his hair

7.I will get the dressmaker to make a new dress

8.He had a mechanic repair his car.

9.She often gets the technician to maintain the heater

10.They had the police arrest the shoplifter

11.Are you going to have the shoemaker repair your shoes?

12.I must have the dentist check my teeth

13.She will have a veterinary surgeon examine her dog

14.We had a man take this photograph when we were on holiday last summer

15.The Greens had a carpet cleaner clean their carpet

KEY

EXERCISE 1

1.This flower is watered (by my father) every morning

2.Fiona was invented to John’s birthday party last month

3.The dinner is being prepared (by her mother) in the kitchen

4.Our teeth should be cleaned twice a day

5.The English grammar has been explained (by our teacher)

6.The accident was caused in this city (by some drunk drivers)

7.Tom’s parents will be visited (by him) next month

8.The secretary wasn’t phoned (by the manager) this morning

9.Was this beautiful dress bought by Mary?

10.These old pictures won’t be hung in the living room(by me)

11.This factory wasn’t built (by the Greens) during the Second World War

12.This house and these cars are going to be painted for Chrismas day by the Greens.13.The cats had been fed (by Ann) before she went to the cinema

14.The pollution problems have been discussed (by the students) since last week.15.Has the most valuable painting in the national meseum been stlen (by the thieves).16.The new president will be interviewed on TV (by tsome people)

17.How many languages are spoken in Canada(by them)?

18.Are those shoes going to be repaired ?

19.His nose has been broken in a football match(by him)

20.Have above sentences been finished ?

EXERCISE 2.

1.This dish is brought to me (by the waiter)

2.These postcards are sent to us(by our friend)

3.This story was told to them(by their grandmother) when they visited her last week.4.This train ticket was ordered for Tim’s mother

5.The special cameras weren’t showed to me

6.Her ticket was showed to the airline agent(by her)

7.His new shoes are lent to his friends(by him)

8.Five million pounds was left to her relatives (by her)

9.These boxes were handed to the customer (by the shop assistant)

10.The first prize was awarded to the reporter (by the board)

11.Have the christmas cards been sent to your family?

12.Alice was appointed secretary for the meeting(by the committee)

13.The broken cup is hidden in the drawer (by him).

14.This room is kept tidy (by them) all the time

15.The party was voted a great success(by them)

16.Ann was given some bananas and some flowers(by us)

17.The fridge was moved into the living room(by them)

18.Some cups of tea were brought to the visitors in the next room (by her)

19.The new project is found worthless

20.The note wasn’t taken to the manager(by the secretary)

EXERCISE 3

1.I was told that you were the architect in this city

2.It was reported that the flowers were killed by frost./ The flowers were reported to be killed by frost

3.I am informed that the director is going to take a business trip to England

4.It was announced that the meeting was delayed until next week

5.It was discovered that this cotton was grown in Egypt

6.It is promised that the performance will start on time

7.It is recommended that we should stay at the city center

8.It was believed that Alice would pass the driving test./ Alice was believed to pass the driving test

9.All the workers are notified that they will have to work extra hard this month

10.I have been persuaded that they will go with me to the stadium

11.It has been decided that the company will go to the beach together at the weekend.12.It is thought that Maradona is the best football player in the 20th century./ Maradona is thought to be the best football player in the 20th century

13.It is found that the job is not suitable for a girl like her./ The job is found to be not suitable for a girl like her

14.It was explained that this powerful engine pulled the train

15.I was told that his football team had played well last season

EXERCISE 4

1.I had the gate painted last week

2.She will have her car washed tomorrow

3.They have the story told again

4.John gets his shirt cleaned

5.Anne has had her composition typed

6.Rick will have his hair cut

7.I will get a new dress made

8.He had his car repaired

9.She often gets the heater maitained

10.They had the shoplifter arrested

11.Are you going to have your shoes repaired?

12.I must have my teeth checked

13.She will have her dog examined

14.We had this photograph taken when we were on holiday last summer

15.The Greens had their carpet cleaned

THE END Bài tập

I/ Change the following sentences from active into passive form.

1 Somebody has taken my briefcase

2 The teacher returned our written work to us