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Active-Passive Profiled by Minh Huệ - 1 - Câu chủ động và Câu bị động tenses (các thì) active (chủ động) passive (bị động) 1. The simple present Thì hiện tại đơn giản S+ V(s, es) +O S + am/ is / are + P 2 + by O 2. The present continuous Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn S +am / is / are + V +ing + O S +am / is / are + being + P 2 + by O 3. The present perfect Thì hiện tại hoàn thành S + have / has + P 2 + O S + have / has + been + P 2 + by O 4. The simple past Thì quá khứ đơn giản S + V + ed + O S + were / was + P 2 + by O 5. The past continuous Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn S + were / was + V + ing + O S + were / was + being + P 2 + by O 6. The past perfect Thì quá khứ hoàn thành S + had + P 2 + O S + had +been + P 2 + by O 7. The near future Thì tơng lai gần S + is/am/ are + going to + V (infinitive) + O S + am/is/are + going to + be +P 2 + by O 8. The simple future Thì tơng lai đơn giản S + will / shall + V (infinitive) + O S + will/ shall + be + P 2 + by O một số quy tắc chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động 1. Câu chủ động phải có đủ 3 thành phần : chủ ngữ (S), động từ (V), và tân ngữ (O) thì mới có thể biến sang câu bị động. Trong đó tân ngữ phải chịu tác động của hành động. Ví dụ: "She has got a dog" không thể chuyển sang câu bị động. "She reads." không có tân ngữ nên không thể chuyển sang câu bị động 2. Cách chuyển đổi Active (chủ động) Passive (bị động) chủ ngữ (S) tân ngữ (O) động từ (V) P 2 tân ngữ (O) chủ ngữ (S) 3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết (time expression) của câu chủ động và bị động giống nhau 4. Dùng câu bị động khi: - Không biết ngời thực hiện hành động - Không quan tâm đến ngời thực hiện hành động - Chỉ quan tâm đến bản thân hành động 5. Có thể bỏ By + O nếu O là các trờng hợp sau: - Các đại từ bất định: Someone, Every body - People, You, Them ACTIVE AND PASSIVE 1. The room is cleaned everyday. - Somebody . 2. They cancelled all the flights because of fog.( to cancel: hoãn) - All the flights 3. This road is not used very often. Active-Passive Profiled by Minh HuÖ - 2 - - This road …………………………… 4. How do people learn languages? - People ……………………………………. 5. People advised us not to go out alone.( to advise: khuyªn) - We ……………………………………………… 6. The girl did not give me the money. - I ……………………………………………………………… - The money …………………………………………………. 7. A man asked me several difficult questions at the interview. - I ……………………………………………………… 8. Nobody told me the story. - I ……………………………………………. - The story …………………………………………. 9. Oil lamps were used years ago. - People ………………………………………. 10. When did they open that hospital? - When ……………………………………………………… 11. The atmosphere protects the earth from harmful radiation from the sun.( to protect: b¶o vÖ) - The earth ………………………………………………… 12. Did anyone see you come in? - Were you ………………………………………………………? 13. She'll be told which bus to catch. - Someone …………………………………………………………. 14. The house was broken into. - Somebody……………………………………………………… 15. He was not taken care of by his mother. - His mother………………………………………………………. 16. They will inform you the result of the exam by letter.( to inform: th«ng b¸o) - You ……………………………………………………………. - The result ……………………………………………………. 17. When will the shop be opened? - ………………they………………………………………? 18. They will serve fish to the guests about ten minutes from now. - Fish …………………………………………………. 19. A textbook will be published by that company next year.( to publish: xuÊt b¶n) - That company………………………………………………. 20. I was told to change the way by my friends. - My friends …………………………………………………………. 21. Shakespeare wrote many famous plays. - Many famous plays ………………………………………. Active-Passive Profiled by Minh HuÖ - 3 - 22. Bill will invite Ann to the party. - Ann ………………………………………………………… 23. Is the course taught by professor Jackson? - Does ? 24. Doctor Ikeda developed that theory.( to develop: ph¸t triÓn) - That theory ………………………………………………………… 25. A storm destroyed the small fishing village.( to destroy: ph¸ huû) - The small ……………………………………………. 26. The Washington Monument is visited by hundreds of people every day. - .Hundreds of people 27. The Chinese invented paper, the main writing material today. - Paper, ……………………………………………………………… 28. Jim’s daughter drew that picture. - That picture ………………………………………………………… 29. A new roof was put on last year. - They………………………………………………………………… 30. Someone empties the dustbins every Thursday. - The dustbins ……………………………………………………………… 31. She delivers milk at about six o’clock . - Milk ………………………………………………………………………… 32. They will probably send him back to Britain. - He ……………………………………………………………………… 33. They found him dead in his flat early this morning. - He …………………………………………………………………………. 34. A doctor examined the elephant. - The elephant ……………………………………………………… 35. They took it back to the zoo. - It …………………………………………………………………… 36. The club bought him 2 years ago for a fee of $20 000.(fee: møc chuyÓn nh- îng) - He …………………………………………………………… 37. Stephen made this film in Hollywood last year. - This film …………………………………………………………. 38. Irish fisherman used this kind of boat one thousand years ago. - This kind ………………………………………………… 39. Redwood took the photos during his voyage. - The photos ………………………………………………… 40. Lisa wrote all the songs on this new album. - All the songs ………………………………………… 41. They print the words to all the songs on the back of the cover.( to print: in) - The words ………………………………………… 42. They will repeat this documentary on BBC next week.(to repeat: nh¾c l¹i) Active-Passive Profiled by Minh HuÖ - 4 - - This documentary ……………………………………… 43. Now people find this kind of bird in only a few remote places in Scotland. - This kind of bird ……………………………………………………… 44. This kind of bird is protected by laws.( to protect: b¶o vÖ) - Laws……………………………………………………. 45. The boss will meet him tomorrow in the restaurant. - He ……………………………………………………… 46. He will be given some money by the company when he retires - The company ……………………………………………………… - Some money ……………………………………… 47. Rossi produced “ War in Space “. - “War in Space” ……………………………………………… 48. She bought some tulips yesterday. - Some tulips ………………………………………… 49. He usually washes his car every Sunday morning. - His car …………………………………………… 50. His experiment was carried out ten years ago.( to carry: thùc hiÖn) - He …………………………………………… 51. They grow rice in the north. - Rice ………………………………………………………… 52. The postman was bitten by our dog.( to bite- bit- bitten: c¾n, ®èt) - Our dog …………………………………………………… 53. What did he write with it? - What was ………………………………………………? 54. They will hold an international conference in Hanoi next month.(to hold- held- held: tæ chøc) - An international …………………………………………… 55. The Persian invented windmills around 500 years ago. - Windmills …………………………………………………………… 56. I’ll meet her at the airport. - She ……………………………………………………………… ACTIVE - PASSIVE 11 th grade - TEST Time: 15 mins Change the active into the passive. 1. Bill will invite Ann to the party. - Ann…………………………… Active-Passive Profiled by Minh HuÖ - 5 - 2. I didn't write that letter. - That letter……………………… 3. Hundreds of people visit the White House everyday. - The White House…………………………………. 4. Everyone doesn't know this fact very well. - This fact…………………………………………. 5. Do you wash the dishes everyday? - Are………………………………………………? 1. Shakespeare wrote that play. - That play………………………………………… 2. Does Jackson give that lecture? - Is …………………………………………………? 3. They will send you the money at the end of the month. - You…………………………………………………. 4. People speak Spanish in many countries. - Spanish…………………………………………… 5. The children often read stories in the evening. - Stories……………………………………………. 1. Alice didn't make that cake. - That cake……………………………………. 2. They buy newspapers everywhere in the city. - Newspapers ………………………………… 3.That company will publish a textbook next year. - A textbook …………………………………………. 4. She delivers milk at about six o’clock . - Milk ………………………………………………… 5. Somebody cleans the room everyday. - The room …………………………………………. 1. A man asked me several difficult questions at the interview. - I …………………………………………………… 2. They will probably send him back to Britain. - He ………………………………………………… 3. Now people find this kind of bird in only a few remote places in Scotland. - This kind of bird …………………………………… 4. They grow rice in the north. - Rice ……………………………………………… 5. We don't raise cows on our farm. - Cows ……………………………………………… Active-Passive Profiled by Minh HuÖ - 6 - 1. People used oil-lamps years ago. - Oil-lamps ………………………………………………. 2. The boss will meet him tomorrow in the restaurant. - He ……………………………………………………… 3. The old woman feeds fowls twice a day. - The fowls ……………………………………………… 4. Does he often clean the windows? - Are……………………………………………………….? 5. She doesn't grow any trees in her garden. - Trees …………………………………………………… 1. The company will give him some money when he retires - When he retires, he …………………………………… 2. They took it back to the zoo. - It …………………………………………………………… 3. Someone picks the fruits everyday. - Fruits……………………………………………………… 4. Does the girl do the housework? - Is ………………………………………………………… ? 5. They don't drive out the cattle to the field in the winter. - The cattle………………………………………………… 1. The club bought him 2 years ago for a fee of $20 000. - He ………………………………………………………… 2. I’ll meet her at the airport. - She ………………………………………………………… 3. Japan makes a lot of cars. - Cars………………………………………………………… 4. They don't keep cows over there. - Cows ……………………………………………………… 5. Does machine do most of the farm work? - Is …………………………………………………………? Active-Passive Profiled by Minh HuÖ - 7 - Active-Passive Profiled by Minh HuÖ - 8 - ACTIVE AND PASSIVE 12 57. Somebody cleans the room everyday. - The room ………………………………………………. 58. They cancelled all the flights because of fog. - All the flights ……………………………………………… 59. People do not use this road very often. - This road …………………………… 60. How do people learn languages? - How ……………………………………. 61. People advised us not to go out alone. - We ……………………………………………… 62. They are going to build a supermarket next year. - A supermarket …………………………………………. 63. She is using the computer at the moment. - The computer ……………………………………………… 64. They are opening a new ring road round the city. - A new ring road ……………………………………………… 65. They have built a big hospital which costs much money. - A big hospital ………………………………………………… 66. The girl did not give me the money. - I ……………………………………………………………… - The money …………………………………………………. 67. A man asked me several difficult questions at the interview. - I ……………………………………………………… 68. Nobody told me the story. - I ……………………………………………. - The story …………………………………………. 69. About 30 million people are watching this program. - This program ………………………………………………… 70. They are building some new houses down the street. - Some new houses ………………………………………………. 71. They have moved nothing in your room. Active-Passive Profiled by Minh HuÖ - 9 - - Nothing ………………………………………………. 72. People used oil-lamps years ago. - Oil-lamps ………………………………………………. 73. When did they open that hospital? - When ……………………………………………………… 74. The atmosphere protects the earth from harmful radiation from the sun. - The earth ………………………………………………… 75. Did anyone see you come in? - Were you ………………………………………………………? 76. He hates people staring at him. - He hates being …………………………………………. 77. Someone will tell her which bus to catch. - She …………………………………………………………. 78. Thieves broke into the house. - The house ……………………………………………………… 79. His mother did not take care of him. - He ………………………………………………………………. 80. They will inform you the result of the exam by letter. - You ……………………………………………………………. - The result ……………………………………………………. 81. When will they open the shop? - When ………………………………………………………… 82. They will serve fish to the guests about ten minutes from now. - Fish …………………………………………………. 83. They have sold thousands of CD machines since 1980. - Thousands ………………………………………… 84. That company will publish a textbook next year. - A textbook ………………………………………………. 85. My friends told me to change the way. - I …………………………………………………………. 86. Shakespeare wrote many famous plays. - Many famous plays ………………………………………. 87. Bill will invite Ann to the party. - Ann ………………………………………………………… 88. Alex is preparing that report. - That report …………………………………………………… 89. The teacher is going to explain the lesson. - The lesson ………………………………………………………. 90. Kathy had returned the book to the library. - The book ………………………………………………………. 91. Does professor Jackson teach that course? - Is the course ………………………………………………………? 92. Is Mrs. Brown painting your house? - Is your house ……………………………………………………….? 93. Doctor Ikeda developed that theory. - That theory ………………………………………………………… 94. A storm destroyed the small fishing village. - The small ……………………………………………. 95. Hundreds of people visit the Washington Monument each day. - The Washington Monument ………………………………………… 96. The Chinese invented paper, the main writing material today. - Paper, ……………………………………………………………… 97. Jim’s daughter drew that picture. - That picture ………………………………………………………… Active-Passive Profiled by Minh HuÖ - 10 - 98. They put on a new roof last year. - A new roof ………………………………………………………………… 99. Someone empties the dustbins every Thursday. - The dustbins ……………………………………………………………… 100. She delivers milk at about six o’clock . - Milk ………………………………………………………………………… 101. They are going to finish a new school in the village next year. - A new school ………………………………………………………………… 102. The police are questioning the man. - The man ……………………………………………………………………… 103. They will probably send him back to Britain. - He ……………………………………………………………………… 104. Since then people have seen him in 10 different countries - He …………………………………………………………………… 105. They found him dead in his flat early this morning. - He …………………………………………………………………………. 106. They are watching all the airports and ports - All the ……………………………………………………………………… 107. A doctor examined the elephant. - The elephant ……………………………………………………… 108. They took it back to the zoo. - It …………………………………………………………………… 109. The club bought him 2 years ago for a fee of $20 000. - He …………………………………………………………… 110. Stephen made this film in Hollywood last year. - This film …………………………………………………………. 111. Irish fisherman used this kind of boat one thousand years ago. - This kind ………………………………………………… 112. Redwood took the photos during his voyage. - The photos ………………………………………………… 113. Lisa wrote all the songs on this new album. - All the songs ………………………………………… 114. They print the words to all the songs on the back of the cover. - The words ………………………………………… 115. They will repeat this documentary on BBC next week - This documentary ……………………………………… 116. Now people find this kind of bird in only a few remote places in Scotland. - This kind of bird ……………………………………………………… 117. Law protects this kind of bird. -This kind of bird ……………………………………………………. 118. She has not changed the flowers. - The flowers …………………………………………………… 119. They have prepared tables for lunch. -Tables ……………………………………………………… 120. Somebody is listening to my phone calls. -My phone calls ……………………………………………………… 121. Someone had stolen his car. - His car ……………………………………………………… 122. Someone had broken the windows. - The windows ……………………………………………… 123. The boss will meet him tomorrow in the restaurant. - He ……………………………………………………… 124. The company will give him some money when he retires [...]... built in this village in 1486 II PASSIVE TRANSFORMATION (Cách đổi sang câu bị động) Muốn chuyển một câu từ thể chủ động sang thể bị động, ta thực hiện những bước sau Active : S VA O Passive : S VP by + Object 1 Lấy tân ngữ của câu chủ động (active) làm chủ ngữ của câu bị động (passive) 2 Đổi động từ chủ động (VA) thành động từ bị động (VP) VP = be + past participle (p.p) TENSES Present Simple Present... headquarter I DEFINITION(Định nghĩa) 1 Active sentences (Câu chủ động) : Câu chủ động là câu trong đó chủ ngữ là người hay vật thực hiện hành động Active-Passive Profiled by Minh HuÖ - 13 - Ex : They built the house in this village in 1486 2 Passive sentences (Câu bị động) : Câu bị động là câu trong đó chủ ngữ là người hay vật nhận hoặc chịu tác động của hành động Ex : The house was built in this village in... (D.O) information to (I.O) the police - Lúc này, dạng bị động được thành lập bằng 2 cách • Tân ngữ gián tiếp trở thành chủ ngữ của câu bị động E.g : The police were given information • Tân ngữ trực tiếp trở thành chủ từ của câu bị động E.g : The information were given to the police - Thông thường tân ngữ gián tiếp thường được chọn làm chủ từ của câu bị động hơn là tân ngữ trực tiếp E.g : The council have... của câu chủ động thành tân ngữ của câu bị động và đứng trước nó là giới từ by Ex : The President presented the medals The medals was presented by the President • Chủ ngữ I, you, we, they, he, she , it, one, someone, people, someone, somebody, nobody, no one thường được bỏ đi trong cây bị động Ex : Somebody left this purse in a classroom This purse was left in a classroom • Nếu trong câu chủ động. .. Nếu trong câu chủ động có chủ ngữ là nobody hay no one thì động từ trong câu bị động chia ở dạng phủ định Ex : Nobody saw him leaving the room He wasn’t seen leaving the room Vị trí của các trạng từ trong câu bị động : - Trạng từ chỉ cách thức (Adverb of manner) thường đứng giữa be và past participle Các trạng từ khác thường đứng sau trợ động từ đầu tiên Ex : This problem has been carefully studied... Profiled by Minh HuÖ - 16 - - Dạng bị động này còn được dùng với động từ help và make (đi với bareinfinitive) E.g : They made him tell the truth He was told to tell the truth You should help the old carry their heavy bags The old should be helped to carry the heavy bags - Let được dùng không có TO Tuy nhiên let ít được dùng ở dạng bị động, allow được dùng ở dạng bị động để thay thế E.g : They let... Who were you taught to speak English By whom were you taught to speak English ? 2 Verb with two objects : (Động từ với hai tân ngữ) - Khi động từ chủ động có 2 tân ngữ chỉ người (indirect object – I.O) và chỉ vật (direct object – D.O) thì cả 2 tân ngữ đó đều có thể làm chủ ngữ trong câu bị động (a) V + indirect object (I.O) + direct object (D.O) E.g : He gave (I.O) the police (D.O) information (b)... the workshop Let the lights be turned off before you leave the workshop All the lights must be turned off before you leave the workshop Note : Trong trường hợp câu mệnh lệnh có 2 vế thì cần phải xem xét kĩ chủ ngữ của từng vế, khi đối sang câu bị động phải đổi kèm với chủ từ vế sau để tránh lỗi về phân từ (dangling participial phrases) 7 Causative form : (Thể sai khiến) - Thể sai khiến được dùng để... passive : (Động từ nguyên mẫu có TO và không TO) S + be + V3 / Ved + to- - Các động từ chỉ mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu, sự cho phép, lời khuyên, lời mời,… được dùng theo cấu trúc infinitive sau : ask, tell, request, advice, order, allow, invite E.g : He asked me to send a stamp I was asked to send a stamp They advised us to go early We were advised to go early 5 Reporting verb with THAT clause : (Động từ tường... It was said that he was jealous of her He was said to have been jealous of her III Sau động từ bị động thường có nguyên mẫu “to” They saw him go out -> He was seen to go out His father made him finish his homework -> He……… *chú ý sau “let” không có “to” They let us go.->We were let go.(We were allowed to go out) IV Câu mệnh lệnh: *Write your name here -> Let your name be written here Bring your umbrella . chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động 1. Câu chủ động phải có đủ 3 thành phần : chủ ngữ (S), động từ (V), và tân ngữ (O) thì mới có thể biến sang câu bị động. Trong đó tân ngữ phải chịu tác động. động) Passive (bị động) chủ ngữ (S) tân ngữ (O) động từ (V) P 2 tân ngữ (O) chủ ngữ (S) 3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết (time expression) của câu chủ động và bị động giống nhau 4. Dùng câu bị động khi:. Active-Passive Profiled by Minh Huệ - 1 - Câu chủ động và Câu bị động tenses (các thì) active (chủ động) passive (bị động) 1. The simple present Thì hiện tại đơn giản S+ V(s,