547.076 S460D „ GS.TS. NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG TT f—^ I'—^ i h 1^ CHuol PHAN urnl -JK rn r^i^*<n r "1 M ( \f— J LJ LJ L_J L_J L_J LJ L_J L_J I: A Giup on tap he thong hoa kien thiic • Giup de nhd va nhd nhanh kien thUc • Danh cho hoc s"" . 6ntMtotn,M |||||||||||||||||||i|i|||||i|| iL ) • DVL.013452 O NHA XUAT BAN flAI HOC QUI Hl'i'r \ - • - ••• '1 sa DO ^4 I ' CHUOl PHAH UTHG WOA HOC Hiivco • * A Giup on tap he thong hoa kieh thtic • Giup di nhd va nhd nhanh kieh thiic • Danh cho hoc sinh Idp 10, 11, 12 • On thi tot nghiep THPT va luyen thi Dai Hoc ODI 100 NHA XOAT BAN flAI HOC QUOC 6IA HA NOI ^lyctc not daii. Hoa hoc la nganh khoa hoc nghifen cihi cac chat va su bien d6i cua cac cha't. Mu6'n chuyen chat nay thanh chat khac ta cho cac chat tac dung vdi nhau trong nhOng didu kien nha't djnh (xiic tac, nhiet d6, ap sua't, ). Kifi'n thiic hoa hoc chij yfe'u la kife'n thiic ve sir tuong tac giOa cac chSft xay ra trong phan ting hoa hoc va dugc diln ta bang phuong trinh hoa hoc. Chu6i phan ling giiip cac em 6n tap, he thC'ng hoa kien thiic mdt each sinh d6ng va hieu qua nha't. Chudi phan ling giiip dl nhor, nhd lau boi kie'n thiic dirge torn tat ngan ggn dudi dang cac so do. Chu6i phan ling cung giiip ren luyen kha nang van dung kien thiic, chuSin bj t6't cho cac ki thi Tot nghidp Trung hgc ph6 thdng va Tuyen sinh Dai hoc - Cao dang. Xin tran trgng gidi thieu cu6'n sach: SO DO CHUOl PHAN IfNG HOA HOC HCXJ CO Tac gia chan thanh cam on nhOng y kien dong gop cua ban dgc, nha't la ciia cac Thay Co giao va cac em hgc sinh. Tac gid T6M TAT KIEN THQC CO BAN vA BAI TAP CHUOI PHAN QNG HIDROCACBON ChU(mgl. HIDROCACBON A. KIEN THirC CO BAN I. HIDROCACBON NO, MACH Hd (ANKAN) 1. Cong thiic Chung: C„H2„,2 (n > 1) 2. Ca'u tao • Nguyfin tir C trong phan tir ankan d^u d trang thdi lai hoa sp' (cacbon tii: dian), goc hoa tri bang I09''28'. • Trong phan tir chi c6 lidn kd't a nen nguyen tir C quay dugc dl dang quanh true lien ket don C—C. 3. linh chat vat h • d didu kien thuomg : C, -> C4 la chat khi C, -> Ciftla chat long C|7 tro len la cha't ran • Khi so nguyen tijr C tang thi phSn tir khoi tang nen t" tang. Mach cacbon cang phan nhanh thi be mat tid'p xiic cang giam nen lire hut giua cac phan tix giam nen t" giam. • Vi khong c6 lien ket hidro vdi nude ndn tat ca hidrocacbon no deu khdng tan trong nude (ki nude) nhung tan nhieu trong dung moi huti co. 4. Tinh chat hoa hoc + Phan umg the halogen ^ C,|Hi|, ^. 3 + ZXT ——^ C„H2„ + 2— Vi (III: CH4 + CI: ) CH3CI + HCI Metyl clorua (clometan) CH4 + 2C!2 > CH2C1, + 2HC1 Metylen clorua (diclometan) CH4 + 3CI, > CHCI3 + 3HCI Clorofom (triclometan) CH4 + 4CI2 CCI4 + 4HC! Cacbon tetraclorua (tetraclo metan) Cac d6ng phSn cua metan cung tham gia phan iJng thfi' tucmg tir metan. Vf du: CI2, as 25° C CHj-CHa-CHj + CHj-CHj-CH.a + HQ 2 — clopropan (57%) 1 — clopropan (43%) CH3-CH2-CH3 2a^iL_^ CH3-CHBr-CH, + CHj-CH CH^Br + HBr 25°C 2-brompropan (97%) 1 - brompropan (3%) (san phim chinh) (san ph^m phu) • Qo the' cho H a cacbon cac bac khac nhau. Brom hdu nhu chi the' cho H d cacbon bac cao. Flo phan ling manh lidt n6n phan huy ankan thanh C va HF. lot qua y6'u n6n kh6ng phan ting vori ankan. • Phan umg clo hoa va brom h6a xay ra theo co ch6' goc - day truyln. a) Bir6c khoi mao : cij-ci —^ cr + cr b) Buorc phat tri^n day truy^n : CHJIH + CI* -)• 'CHi + HCl •CH3 + CI -f CI CH3C1 + cr CH31 H + CI* ^ c) Bixorc dut day truy^n Cl' + Cr ^ CI. •CH3 + a* ^ CH3C1 •CH3 + *CH3 CH3-CH3 + Phan ung tiich (gay lien ket C - C va C -H) "^f ) QH3^ + C„_,H,(„_,),, (m>2; n-m>0) CH3CH2CH2CH3 500°C > xt > CH3CH = CHCH3 + H2 CH3CH = CH2 + CH4 CH2 = CH2 + CH3CH3 Nhdn xet: Dudri tac dung cua nhidt va xuc tac Fe, Pt, ), cac ankan kh6ng nhOng bi tach hidro tao thanh hidrocacbon khCng no ma con bj gay cac li6n k6't C - C d^ tao ra cac phan tir nho hem. Gia sir ta c6 so d6 : ankan khi khac Hon hdp X crackinh -> honh(?pY Trong phan umg crackinh s6 mol khi sau phan umg tSng nhimg kh6'i liromg kh6ng doi VI ham lirong C va H trong X va Y nhu nhau nx < ny -> P, < P, —. , Mx iv 1 Mat khac : mx = my -> Mx > My -» dx/y = =^ = > ' MY Tir bi^u thiic: ^ = ^ va dxA- = — ta se tinh duoc ny do do tinh duoc % ankan nx Pi "x bi nhiet phan + Phan umg oxi hoa a) Oxi hoa hodn toan Khi dd't cac ankan chay tao ra CO,, H-,0 va toa nhilu nhiet C„H2„,2 + Y ^- nC02 + (n + DH.O W^M;CH4 + 202 ^ C02 + 2H,0 ^ Nhdn xet: Khi d6't chay m6t hay m6t h6n hop cac hidrocacbon thu6c ciing day d6ng dang ma thu duoc : "CO2 <"H20 Hoac : no2 > l.Sncoj -> Cac hidrocacbon do thu6c day dong ding ankan va "hh = "HJO- "CO2 "hh =2(no2- ^'^"002) h) Oxi hoa khdng hodn todn • Neu khong du oxi, ankan chay khdng hoan toan, khi do ngoai CO2 va HjO con tao ra cac san ph^m nhu CO, mu6i than, khdng nhiimg lam giam nang sua't toa nhiet ma con gay doc hai cho m6i truomg. • Khi CO chat xuc tac, nhiet do thich hop, ankan bi oxi hoa khdng hoan toan tao thanh dSn xua't chiia oxi. Vi du : CH4 + 0, ^" „ > HCHO + H2O our-j 200atni.300"C • Ne'u mach cacbon dai, khi oxi hoa c6 the' bi be gay : CHiCH,CH,CH3 + O, '"'I > 2CH3COOH + H,0 + Phan umg phan huy • Phan hiiy boi nhiet: 1 ()()()" c DSc biet: • PhSn huy bai clo : C„H„,.3 + (n H- DCU ,„Hs.C^,c.rn, > + 2(n + DHQ 5. Dieuche a) Khai then- ti( ddu mo, klii thien nhien qua cue con dudng crackinh va chifng cat phc'in doan. h) Phuon^ phdp tdn^ mach cachon • Tdnghop Vuydc(Phap) 2C„H„„ ,X + 2Na (C„H3„,+ 2NaX Chu y: N6'u dung hai loai d3n xua't halogen c6 g6c ankyl khac nhau se thu duoc h6n hop 3 ankan song kho tach khoi nhau vi chiing c6 nhi6t d6 s6i xa'p XI bang nhau: R-R + 2NaX R-R' + 2NaX R'-R' + 2NaX • T6ng hop Konbe (Dure) 2RCOONa + 2H.O -^2!^ R - R + 2CO,t + 2NaOH + H.t Anot Catot c) Phuang phdp gidm much cachon • Phuong phap Duma : RCOONa + NaOH —RH + Na^COj RX + R'X + 2Na Vidu: CaO t' CaO CH,COONa + NaOH —CH4 + Na,COi t" CH,(COONa), + 2NaOH —Sfi2_^ CH4 + 2NaX03 • Phuong phap crackinh : Q.^: + 2 —ir2£]Hi2S—^ C,„H2„, + C,„. „,,H2,„. ^, + 2 (m > 2, n > m) + Phuong phap gift nguyen mach cacbon • Hidro hoa anken, ankin, ankadien tuong iJng : QHi,, + HT ——> C„H2„ + 2 1° C,iH2„ - 2 + 2H2 ——> QiH,,, + 2 • Di tir ancol no, dcm chiic : C„H2,„,OH + 2HI —> C„H2„,2 + H2O + I2 + Mot so phmmg phap khac a) Tif nhom cachiia : AUCj+ I2H2O 4Al(OH)3i + 3CH4 (Di^u chd-AI4C, : 2AI2O3 + 9C ) Al^Q + 6C0T) h) Ti(C vdH. : C + 2H. Ni . .TOOT ^ CH4 II. HIDROCACBON NO, MACH VONG (XICLOANKAN) J. Cong thitc chung: C„H2„ (n>3) 2. Tinh chat hoa hoc a) Phdn iOi}> cgng md vdni> ci'ia xiclopropan vd .xiclohutan ^' > CH,-CH CH3 80° C propan + Br2 CH2Br-CH2-CH2Br /,.? - dihrompropan + HBr ^ CH,-CH2-CH2Br / - hiompropan Xiclobutan chi c6ng vdi hidro : Ni 120°C > CH,-CH2-CH2-CH3 Xicloankan vong 5, 6 canh tro len khdng c6 phan ting c6ng ma vong trong nhirng dieu ki^n trSn. h) Phdn I'rng the Phan ling thd' a xicloankan tuong tu nhu a ankan. Vi du : a + Ch — + HC1 xiclopentan + CU \ HCi xiclohexan (•) Phdn I'fng oxi hoa hodn todn C„H2„+y02 nCO. + nH20 C6H,2+ 9O2 ^ 6CO2 + 6H2O 3. »i6uche Ngoai viec tach trirc ti^'p tuf qua trinh chung cat ddu mo, xicloankan con diroc didu che' tuf ankan. Vi du : CH3[CH.]4CH, ) 11+ Hj 4. iTng dung Ngoai viec dung lam nhien Vitu nhu ankan, xicloankan dugc dung lam dung m6i, lam nguydn lieu di^u chfi'cac chat khac. t", xt o benzen + 3H. xiclohexan 5. Cdch viet dong phdn mach vdng • Ve vong 16n nha't roi thu nho dan, chii y t6 hop cac loai nhanh (neu c6). • Them cac nguyen t\X H vao mach de dam bao dung hoa tri IV ciia cacbon. CH, CHj — CH, CH, H,C CH, xiclopropan B. BAI TAP CHu6l PHAN iTNG Bai 1. CHj — CH, xiclohutan CH — CH3 metylxk 7 opropan (6) » C3H5CI (17) (1)^ CH5OH CH4(OH)3 •> Cao su Buna » CH Huong Akn giai Dap an A la: AI4C, B la: CH.COONa D la: QHj 4^10 8 Ela: CH,CHO F la: QH4 G la: C4H, H la: CaC Cac phirong trinh hoa hoc : (1) AI4C, + 12H,0^4A1(0H), +3CH4 (2) CH,COONa + NaOH ^"^''^ > CH4 + Na.CO, (3) CH4 + CI, > CH3CI + HCl (4) 2CH4 '-'"""^ > QH, + 2H, (5) 2CH.,C1 + 2Na CM, + 2NaCl (6) C,H, + CI, CH^Cl + HCl (7) C,H4 +HC1 ->C,H,C1 (8) C,H4 + Br, C,H4Br, (9) C,H4 + H,0 CjHsOH (10) 3C,H4 + 2KMn04 + 4H2O 3C,H4(OH), + 2K0H + 2MnO, (11) CaC, + H,0 C,H, + Ca{OH), (12) C,H, + 2H, > C,H6 (13) C,H, + H, '''^^"-^ >C,H4 (14) C,H, + H,0 Hg-'»4.so"c ^ CH3CHO (15) C,H, +HC1 ->C,H,C1 (16) C,H4 +H, ^'-'"^ ) C,H, (17) C,H, > C,H4 + H, (18) 2C,H, ^"4Ci.'oo"c ^ C4H4 (19) C4H4 +H, P-'co3.'"c ^ c,H, (20) nC4H, > (C4He)„ (Cao su buna) (21) C4H4 +2H, > C4H,o (22) C4H,o '"""^ CH4 + C,He 9 Bai 2. Hirdng dan giai 1. Na-O-C-CH,-C-Na + 2NaOH ^ CH4 + 2Na,CO, II r II o o OiO. t 0 2. CH,COOH + 2NaOH 3. AI4C, + I2H3O ^ 3 CH4 + 4A1 (OH), AI4C, + 12HC1 3 CH4 + 4AIC1, AI4C, + 6H,S04 ^ 3 CH4 + 2AU(S04), .0 CH4 + Na.CO, + H,0 4. C,H« 5. C + 2H3 - 6. CO, + 4H, 7. CO + 3H, Cnickinh, l' CH4 + C,H, .100^ c > CH4 vi khuan ^ CH4 + 2H,0 ^ CH4 + H,0 0 8. CH,COONa + NaOH > CH4 + Na^CO, Bai 3. 1. CH4 -U C,H. —. CH,CHO^ C,H,OH ^C4H, -^C4H|o Ancol iso-propylic<- C,H, 2. CH,COONa -l^CH^ —• CiH^Cl —^C4H|o—^CH4- ^HCHO —• CiH^Cl —^C4H|o—^CH4- It CO, 3. QH^Cl —^C,H,OH ^C,H,0 -^CH,-CH COOH QH, .: O 1) 2CH4 ,, , ) CH, + 3H, lam lann nhann - - - ». 2) C2H2 + H.O Jli^h^ CH,CHO xo"c 3) CH,,CHO + H: C.H,OH 4) 2C,H,OH ^'^"^ > C4H, + 2H,0+ H,t 45(rC 5) C4H, + 2H, C4H,„ 6) C4H,o C,H, + CH4 7) CH3-CH=CH, + HOH CH, -CH - CH3 OH © 1) 2CH,COONa + 2H,0 , /^'^f' ^ ) C.H^+ 2C0, + NaOH + H,T lamlanhnhanh . o . 2) C,He + CK '"^"^"'^"^ ) C,H,,C1 3) 2C2H5CI + 2Na ^ C,H,o + 2Naa 4) C4H,o "''^'"^ > C,H, + CH4 5) CH4 + 0, ) HCHO + H,0 600" c © 6()()"C 6) HCHO + 2AgO > CO, + H^O + 4Ag>l. 1) C3H7CI + NaOH,„j„g —^ CiH^OH + NaCl 2) C,H70H + CuO —^ CH3-CH2-CHO + Cu + H3O >CH3-CH,-COOH 1 ^ Mn" 3) CH,-CH,-CHO + -O, 2 " 4) CH,-CH2-CHO+ ^O. > CH3-CH,-COOH 5) CH3 -CH -CH. + HCI ->CH3 - CH-CH,^* ' CI 6) CH3-CH-CH,+NaOH,„a„g CH3-CH-CH3 + NaOH OH 7) CH3-CH-CH3 + CuO^ CH,-C-CH, + Cu + H.O OH Bai 4. > ^ xt. t" > ^ xt. t" ankan A ^ 5 > > B D » E Polipropilen cao su isopren " CH, I -C - CH- Hwong dan giai DCjH,, ) C,He+ C,H, 2) nCH3-CH=CH XI.I" . f -CH-CH2- CH. 3)nCH3-CH-CH2-CH3 > rCH2=C-CH = CH CH, + 2H, CH3 4)nCH2 =C-CH = CH2 CH. 5) nCH3-CH-CH2 -CH, xl.t" , f -CH,-C = CH-CH,- CH3 de hidro ^ / CH, CH3-C = CH-CH3^ CH, 12 Cty TNHHMTVDVVHKhang Vift 6) nCH,-C = CH I I XI,t ^ / CH3 CH3 CH3 -C-CH- I CH 3 J„ (Bai 5, 6, 7, 8 ban doc tir viet PTHH ciia cac phan urng) Bai 5. Viet PTHH cua cac pu thirc hien chuoi bien hoa sau : a. AI2O3—•AI4C3—• metan—>• metylciorua—• metilenclorua ^ —• clorofoni —• tetraclometan b. axitaxetic natriaxetat —• metan—^ metylciorua^^ etan—^ etilen c. butan —etan —etylclorua —• butan—• propen —^ propan Bai 6. a) Cong thirc phan ti'r ciia hidrocacbon A la CiH,, (vong). Hay viet PTHH cua cac phan I'rng theo chuoi sau dudi dang cong thuc cau tao thu gon. - B +NaOH +CuO +0, D ^—E b) Dung cong thuc cau tao viet PTHH ciia cac phan irng theo so d6 sau : i-Br-, QH,o —< " D C4H6Br-, (hai chat) Bai 7. Hoan thanh cac chu6i phan irng sau : - C4H6Br2 ("i9t chat) a. A B Mir c +D b.CHd A—B ^E—*^ F c. C3H6—• A| —• A2 —A3 —• A4 d. C3H, - e. C2H4Br2 C B B2 —• Glixeron E • F HjSO^d.t'' -CH-CH2- I CH2-OCOCH3 F —• CH4 —• H2 NaOOCCH2COONa -£{j^" (-1'""! pluin irnfi hoa hoc HiTii cir - I\'f>uypn \tiiiii Trir&ng g. C3H6 —• C, —• C2 —• CH3-CO-CHO . , , • , _^ NaOHIg ^ AgNO^/NH, „ H2SO4 +CI2 h. 1.1 iclo|*opan 2^ A-2—B —-— D—• • E F ,_^„„ G • H • pohme _ B • E • G (CjHftO) k. A D • F H (C2H6O) Bai 8. Viet PTHH ci'ia chuoi plian irng theo sado sau : a. CaC2 • A • B :— • D • F • CH < A —• C A ^ G J-*" Cao su Buna B CH4-*- D E C2H5OH +HC1^ Biv^NaOH c. CH4 —• A -•<^ J^—• D —• E —• F —• HCHC +2HCI^ B7 +NaOH Chuong 2. HIDROCACBON KHONG NO A. KIEN THtrc CO BAN 1. Anken (olefin) /. Cong thifc Chung : C,fl2,. (n >2) 2. Cdu tao • Trong phan tir c6 mot ndi doi (C = C) vdi C lai hoa sp- tao goc 120", phSng trong do c6 1 lien k^'t a b^n va mot lien ket 7t kern b6n nen anken dd tham gia phan irng hon ankan. • Nguyen tir C khong quay diroc quanh lian ket ddi (C = C) lam xuS't hien ddng phan khong gian (ddng phdn cis. trans). 3. Tinh chat vat li • Tir Q -> C4 la chat khf, Q C|« long va trd I6n tdn tai dang ran. • Nhiet dd ndng chay va nhiet do sdi tuong ddi tha'p, ti khd'i hoi nhd, tinh tan trong nirdc kem. • Cac anken thirdng phfln cue (|.i ^ 0) va fi,„ > \i„,„„ do dd cac ddng phan trans - anken ndng chay a nhiet dp cao hon nhung lai sdi d nhiet dd tha'p hon so vdi cac ddng phan cis tirong I'rng. • Anken hau nhir khdng tan trong nude va la nhOng chat khdng mau. 4. Tinh chat hoa hoc Lien ket n ciia anken kem ben At hi dut de tao thanh lien ket a vdi cac nguyen tir khac nen dh tham gia phan I'rng cdng, phan ihig trung hop va phan ting oxi hda. + Phsin umg cong a) Cgni> //. —> ankan C„H2„ + H, — > C„H2,n.2 Nlian xet : Khi giai toan ciin luu y: Goi X la hdn hop anken va ban dau, Y la hdn hop thu dupc sau phan iJng. Ta cd : • Neu mot hidroeabon mach hd phan u'ng vira du vdi theo ti le mol 1: 1 thi dd la anken. • Neu 2 hay nhieu anken cdng vdi H2 vdi cung hieu suat thi ta cd the' thay hdn hop bang cdng thuc tuoiig ducmg C - H C-H - +H. C-H - ^, r nank.n pif = In 2 Pif = "umk - n,,„ ' Chi'i y: Khdng the' dung each nay neu cac anken cdng hop vdi H, khdng cung hieu suat. Sffcld chuSiphan li-ng hda hpc Httu ca- Nguyln XuQn Tru&ng • Vi h6n hop X, Y c6 cung s6 mol C, H nSn d6't chay h6n hop A hay B d^u cho cung ke't qua : 'o- d6'tX = n^ d6'tY 'CO2 va r» sinh ra do d6't X = n^Q va nu r, sinh ra do dot Y 'H,o Do do khi lam toan, neu gap h6n hop sau khi qua Ni/t° dem ddt (h6n hop Y) thi thay vl ti'nh toan vdi h6n hop Y (thucmg phufc tap hem X) ta c6 thi dung cac phan ling dot chay X de ti'nh nco ^ va UH ^ o- • m^ = mv va nv < n X Mx < MY ^ d (XA') = =A = ^= -1 MY < 1 (gia sCr X, Y do o cung dieu kien t°, ap sua't) h) Cdna halogen (CI Br,) cci. ^ C„H,„X3 C„H,„ + X, (dd) Nhan xet : • Phan ling lam mA't mau dung djch brom dirge dung dl nhan bi6't cac hop chait chiJa liSn ket doi, lien ket ba. • Khd'i lugng ciia binh dung dung dich brom tang I6n la khoi luong ciia anken Ih^p thu. • Neu bai toan cho m6t hay mot s6' hidrocacbon mach ho thuoc ciing day d6ng dang tac dung voi brom theo ti le mol 1: 1 thi cac hidrocacbon do la anken. c) Cons HA (A = halogen, OH", OSO,H") • Quy tac Mac-c6p-nhi-c6p : Khi c6ng mot tac nhan bat d6'i HA (axit hoac nucfc) vao liSn ket d6i (C = C) ciia anken thi san phim chinh dugc tao thanh do phAn duong ciia tac nhan (H*) gin vao C ciia n6'i d6i mang di6n am (cacbon c6 bac tha'p hon) va phdn mang didn am ciia tac nhan (X~) gSn v^o cacbon ciia n6'i d6i mang dien duong (cacbon c6 bac cao hon). Vi du : M I CH, CH = CH2 + H" cr • t I r*CH,-CH-CH3 (spchinh) CI •CH,-CH2 -CH2CI (spphu) • Giai thich quy tac : Do g6'c ankyl day electron lam cho lidn ket 71 bj phan cue, n6n ion duong dd gdn vao cacbon mang didn am va ngugc lai. • Kha nang phan ling c6ng : HI > HBr > HCl > HF • C6ng H,0 -> ancol CH,=CH, + H3O '-^—^ CH.CH^OH t" ' Ancbletylic 2CH,-Ci l-CH, + 2H,0 —f^ CH3 - C H - CH3 + CH3-CH,-CH,OH OH Ancol isopropylic Ancol propylic (spchinh) (spphu) ,^ + Phan iimg trung hop t", xt -> [ -c - C - ]„ Vidu: "CH, = CH, I-CH CH ,. 12 t", Xt nCH, = (pH p CH, polietilen (PE) [-CH, —CH-]„ CH, polipropilen (PP) ! I'' + Phan iimg oxi hoa a) Oxi hda hodn toan : C„H2„+ ^ "^^'"^ Nhan xet : • Khi d6't chay mot hidrocacbon hay nhidu hidrocacbon thu6c cung day d6ng dang thu duoc : "CO2 = "H20 hoac n^o^ = 1-5 n^^^Q ^ Cac hidrocacbon do thu6c day d6ng dang anken hay xicloankan * • D6't chay h6n hop ankan + anken (xicloankan) thi n^^Q^ > n^^o lankan = "H2O ' nc02 • Dot chay h6n hop anken + ankin (ankadien) thi n^.^^ > n^^^Q va i) Oxi hda khon^ hodn toan V Dung dich KMn04 loang a nhiet d6 thucmg oxi hoa noi d6i ciia anken thanh 1,2- diol. 3C„H3„ + 2KMn04 + 4H,0 3C„H2n(OH)2 + 2Mn02l + 2KOH Vi du : 3CH.=CH2 + 2KMn04 + 4H,0 ^ 3CH2-CH2 + MnO^J-+ 2KOH OH OH (mau tim) 17