quy chế pháp lý của tòa án công lý quốc tế thực tiễn và giải pháp

Là cơ quan tài phán của liên hợp quốc, kể từ ra đời đến nay tòa án công lý quốc tế đã có những hoạt động

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" # $  % &    !"#$%&'()*+(,%"-(.(  /0)"& (12$%& 0$34#$%"5$#"" 6(1.758'59:(,(;, -  ' % $ # $  % &  () * # $  % & % & + &  $  $  $ % $  <$ =  >  >  >  >  = ? @ A >  B  @  > -C = D >  0 @  >  @ A >  B  @  >  = E @  @   =  @  = F B $ @  =  > ( = G H  @  @  =  B  > F0  > ( = $ =  >  >  >  > I$ =  >  >  > J-K0(8 @ $ =  >  >  >  >  = ? @  B  @  > $ > ($ = $ > $( @  B  > $ =  FA =  > 8 >  >  > -<$ =  >  >  >  >  = ? @ $LA >   B  @  > 0 @  = 8 @ ( = $ @  @ /0 @ 5 B  > 0  @  > ( =  > $ =  >  >  >  > -M > 0 @  > / =  $ = F @ 0NOP0 =  = QR >  = QL B  @ 0 H (8 >  = F B ( =  B 0 > 8 B ? = ( = $ @  @  B $ = -S > $ =  >  >  >  >  = ? DT = 0 @ $ = ? @ 8 =  @  @ + > F$ > 0 H ( >  > 0 @   > -U = ( >  > 0( =  > 5 B  >  >  B $ =  >  =  > $ @  $ @ $ = F$ = ? @  B $ = -K @  B $ = 0 @  =  LVWVXQYL+ = ? @  B $ >  > + > 0 @ $ > $ =  >  >  >  > -C = QR B  > 0 @  >  @          X                                       !  "#$!  %&        !  %!       '                  !         (  #          !) <$ =  >  >  >  >  =  >  > A >  B  @  > -C8  B  =  B 0 > 8 @  > ? = A B  = ? @  =  > 0 >  >  > ( =  >  > 8 @ 0(8 > $0 = ?0 @ 8 B ? = $Z > -< =  $ > ? @  =  >  = $ B  >  > (8 >  =  B  @  =  >  > $? @  B  B ( = 0 @  >  > 50 B / @ ? @  > /8 > $( @  F B $( @ 0 H  >  @  B 8 @  >  > 0$ =  >  >  >  > -U >  >  >  ( =  > 8 @ 0(8 >  B $ =  H  = 8 @ ?$ @ A >  @  >  B  >   H 00 >  >  >  > 8 >  B  > F >  >  > ( @  B ?  >  @  >  >  >  >  > 0 @ H > / @  H 0 $ @  @  @ F @  B  >  B 0 >  >  > -<$ =  H 0 > $ B (8 >  =  B  B H > ( @ 8 > 00 > $ = $ > 8 = ?$ @ + @ F @ ? = A >  = ( @  B  >  > 8 > $ =  =  > A >   >  B  @  >  > 8 B  > A = /A = $ = FA = ( =  >  > ( =  >  B  >  @  @  > 0 H  >  > - ,) $ ! & -+ &  ' + &  $  $  $ % $  <$ =  >  >  >  > $ > 0 > +A >  =  B  > 8 > ( = 0  > 8 @ 0(8 > - [0 > + B  > 8 > E "* +4;5#-$ =  =  $ > 0 > + B  > 8 >  > 50 H  >  >  = (  @  > -U >  >  B  =  = ( @  > 0? >  ? > $ =  >  >  >  > ( = 08 > $ = A =  B $ B  ? H 0 H  =  @ /$ @  @  =  >  @ $0 = 0 =  @  @  B Z$ >  @  B  @  = F B $-<$ =  >  >  >  > $ > 0 H 8 B ? R  =  B  > 8 > 0 H  >  > 08 B ? =  =   B 0? =  B /0 @ 50 @  =  > $ H  =  B  > F8 > - [0 > +0 > 8 @ 0(8 > E$ = 0 > + B  > 8 >  $ =  >  >  >  > $ = 0 @ ? @ 0 > +$ @  >  = 0  >  > 8 @ 0(8 > 0G\Z$,QL0-<$ =  0 @  @ 0 > +0 > 8 @ 0(8 >  @  @  =  @  = F B $  @  > 8 =  > 0 H (8 >  =  >  >  > 5$0 @  H$ @  @  B  >  = -<8 >  B  >  >  B  @  >  ( =  >  B 0 > ? H 0 @ $ B  >  > 0(8 >  B $ = $0 =   @ 0 @  @  @  =  @  > $Z > -U >  > $ >  =  0 > 8 @ 0(8 > ( =  > 8 >  B ?A = -U >  >  > 0(8 >  B $ = A B ?A > 8 >  >  @ - .) " % * + "   "  ' + & ) & / & # "  % $ 0) *  " % $  *  )) *  + $ + $  ' + & -+ $ 1 * ) " 2 $ % $  ]0.$0 @ H$ @  @  B $ =  H $ > XY^( @ 8 > 0 @ 00 > $ = IA >  >  > LVRTXTJ$$ > $ > $ B  XRT( @ 8 >  H 0 @ $ = 8G0 B -<$5 > XY^( @ 8 > ? = $ = $ > 8 B ? =  B  > XV_ = $ B $ B 8 @ $ = 0 >  >   > XV_ > F > 08 > 8 @ 0 > 8 B ? =  B $ = ( = XV_Z$ > 8 > 8 @ 8 B ? =  B $ = Z$0 = ( @ ( @ -K =  >   >  B $ =  >  >  >  >  H $ >  > A H 8 > $ @ -K$ > A B / =  G > 0 @ 8 > ? = $ =  @ $ >  @ ?8 @  > ? > $+ @  = 5 B  B A =  =  @ ? = 0 >  >  > ? > $ > $ > $ > $50 @  >  B   B 8 @  >  > 0 >  > ( @ Z$F B $`0 H aF+?XQYD  >  = Z$F B  >  >  >  > ( @ 00 = baK +?XQWX > 0 = 5 B + B  >  > ( @  = ? @  @ F B F+ >  +?XQLQ > + > F+ = $8 @ F B 7F @   >  >  > $ =  >  >  >  >  H 0RT > 8 @ 0(8 > -c+ @ / = 5 >  > 8 @ 0(8 > ? = $ = 0 = ( =  >  > 8 @ $ >  H $ > _  >  @  >  > F+ > F @  > ( >  >  B  B 0$ >  H $ > ($ = $ B $ > A = / = G > ? @ 5 > 8 >  >  > /A = 50 @  B  @  B   @  B  @  >  > ( =  B  = $ > $ > ( = $ > A = G8/0 @ ( = $ =   @  > 8 @  >  > -PA > / @  > 8 @ 0(8 >  = YVWVXQY^( =  >  =  @  B  >  @ ? @ 5 >  > ( = $ @  >  > 8 @ 0(8 >  = RTVDVXQLR( = A > $ @  @  B  @  > 7 .( + $ + $ -+ $ 1 * ) "  ' # "  $ % $  <$ =  >  >  >  > ( > 50 > ? @  B  >  > 8 >  >  > 0 H  >   > ( =  >  H  >  B 0 >  >  > $ @  @ ? @  > $ >  @  B ( >  ( @ /A =  > $$ @  @  B $ =  H $ > 0 H $ > $ > $ > $ ( @ + B  @ ($ =  B 8 @  >  > $ @  >  >  H 0( @   >  B  B 8 @  >  > -<"(d$F3 Fe4;$,0" 0F&F;f?4 Fg(8/$F-U >  >  @  B $ =  > A B  >   @ $( @  B A > ( = 8 @ 0 >  > A =  >  B  B 8 @  >  > - <$ = 0 =  @ A > $ =  H $ > $ > ( = $ > A =  >  B $ > - h+ = ( @  B A > 8 @  >  > 0 @  @ ( =  > / @  > ( = $ > $ =  B  + @  =  >  >  @  B $ =  H  = ?5 > $ B ?8 @  >  > ( = $ > 8 =   = $? B 0 = $ >  >  >  B  > 8 @ 8 @  >  > -C$ > $ >  $8 @  >  @  B $ =  = ; > -P = (8 >  =  B  B  B 8 @  >  > $ =  H $ > 0 H  >  > $( @ G8/0 @  >  >  > A =  =  >  H  0 B 0 >  >  > -i8 >  =  >  >  >  B $ =  H  > (8 >  =  H  B 0 >  B $?Z5( = ZZ$5 = ? @  H  B 8 >  @   B  = ? @ 5 > ( = 8 > IFA B a = J8 > F > F > 5 5$V? > $ @  @ 850 @ ( = F > 850 @  @ $( =  >  @  $8 > F > 8 >  =  B $( = F B 78 >  B 0 H ( @ ( @  $ > $ =  H  >  B  >  > 8 @ ( =  @ + >  H  B ( = + >  > ?0 H  8 @ 50 @ ( = + > $55/Z5( = $ > 8 = A > 0 @  B  > $ = FA =  >  Y 8 >  H  B -U H  > ( @  > $ =  H  = ?5 > $ B ? >  >  ( =  = + B  B + B  @  B 0 >  >  >  = ? @  B  B  > 5 B  8 @  >  > - <$A H (0 @ 0 @ /8$ > $ =  H  = ?5 > $ B j5$Z5 B + >   = /8 @ 0 @  > -<$( @  >  @  B  >  >  > ( >  >  > k 00 = ( @  >  @  @ / @  B ? @ K?FI8?J$ =   H  >  >  =  @ 0 @ $ = ( @ ? > ? @ ( = + >  B   > 0 @  > -<$A H (0 @ 8 @  = 0 > $ =  H + B  @  + > E8 @  > ( =  = 0 >  =  =  @ 8 @ 00 B  8 @  >  > l?$ @ (+ @  >  > 8 =  B 0 @  B A > ( =  > / @ $  B  @  >  >  > $ >  @ 0 @ ( = $ =  B ? >  =  B A > -S  > ( @  >  B $?ZZZZ$5 = Z(Z8 >  H  B Fa 57$ =  H  H  >  >  > ( = 8 @  =  B ?( =  > (8 >  = ( =  =  B ? >  8 >  H 0 > A >  @  B ( @  B A > ( =  > / @  = 0 > - <$A H (0 @ 8 @  > $ =  H $ > 0 H $ > $ > 8 >  @ $( @  F B $( @ 8 = 00 > $ =  B A > 8 @  > / @ ( = 0 H  > 5$ >  H  00 > F B 5$ >  > 8 B  > A =  >  B $ > -<$ =  H +  @  > 0 H (8 >  = ( = F B $ @ $ @ $($ =  B  > ( = ? >   @ 0 H  > ( >  >  = 0 > $ > ( @ b?FZ$5$ZF$? 8 = 0 B baO7$A H (0 @ 8 @ ?0 = $ =  H $ >  = $ > $ >  $( @ G >  @  > + >  = A B  >  @ ? >  >  >  >  B   >  > - >  >  >  B $ = ( =  @  >  @ ?$? @  >  I > $ = $ @ $( =  H 50 @ c H  @  > $ @  @ 850 @  @  $$( =  >  @ $$J$ > ($ = $ B $ > A =  >   B $ >  > + >  >  >  @ ? >  >  >  >  B  >  >   > ( >  >  = (F8 >  @  >  >  > -U >  >  >  B $ = ( =  > A H  (1 > 0Z/$ @ $+ @ 50 B / @ ( > A >  @ 8 =  >  B  =  @  @ 7 H  = ?$ H ?($ =  B $ =  > $ > A =  >  B 8 @  >  > - S > $ > $ >  B $ =  >  >  >  >  > 8 > $ > $ >  >  W 8 >  @  B 8 >  @  > 8 >  = $A H (0 @ .F B ? @ A H (0 @ 0 >   @  =  B ? > ( =  H  B ? @  > A =  >  B $ > 8 = + >  B 8/ =  ( = $-C8m6(1?3";,;- ., + $ + $ -+1 * ) " # " % '  U > F B  > $ @  = ( =  >  >  B  > ( @ 0 = 0 @  >  >  H 0 $ =  >  >  >  > ( = A H (0 @ 8 @ F B  > ?? @  B $ @  >  B -nZ H  > $ > + =  >  >  >  B $ =  H 0 >  >  B  = ? B  + B  @  >  > + >  B 8 @ F B  >  > -K0"?&,?0 ,.gE8 @ F B  @  @  H 0 @  B ?8 >  = /$ 8 @ GZ > G0 B ? = $ = ? @ - [$(8 >  =  >  >  >  B Z$F B  >  > E o >  > 8 =  B $ =  = ? @  >  > ( = F B ( @ Z$F B $`$-<$  >  > +?XQYQ = $ =  H $ > 8 =  = ?5 > $ B  >  @ ? >  > Z$ F B  >  > ( = + >  =  @ 8 @ Z$F B  >  > -<$ =  $+ =  >  > ( = $ =  = $ = FA = $ >  = $ >  =  >  B $ @   @  > Z$F B  >  > ? =  B F > $0 >  > (ZF B  0 @  B  B ( @ 0 @  @  =  =  >  >  =  >  = ?A =  B  0 B  > $ = FA = 8 @ 0 @  B  = ( =  >  =  =  >  >  B   > (ZF B -S > (ZF B  B $ > A H ( @ F > $$ =  =   @ Z$F B ( = F8 >  = ? >  B ? = $0G >  = + > ??A =  > 8 = ?7  =  = 0 @ 0 > Z(( =  H  B ( = ( =  >  > +?XQW^ 8 @ ( = 5$ > 0 @  >  B  = A B  B  =  =  >  B   > Z$F B  >  > $0 >  B  @  > ( = 8 @ F B +?XQ^RI 8 = OO? @ _a =  @ 8 @ $ H  B l8 = OOOa > Z$F B  / = $ =  B  >  > J-<$ =  H $ > / @  B  @ (8 >  =  >  B Z$F B   >  > $( @  =  @ Z$F B pZ/$8 =  @ ? @ 0 >  $ = -n8 = A B  > F @  > F B $ B ? B 8 = F @ $ = F > F$ B  0 > / H  = $( @  = ? >  B  > (8 >  = E? @ $ =  >  B $8 = ? @ $ B  = F = 0 = /$( @  >  > / = $ B $ >  B L 0 @ /0 > 8 = F+ > Z$F B -P @ ( @  H 0 @  @ F$ B $ B /5 >   > ( @  @ 0 > $ =  = ?$ = $ > / @  >  B  > 8 @ ( =  = 0 @ /$ >  B  > Z$F B  >  > ? @ (8 >  =  >  B 8 @ F B  >  >  @ - [$(8 >  = ( = ( @ A =  =  >  >  >  B 0 = 5 B + B E <$( @ 00 =  =  > b H  H ( =  >  @  >  >  B 5+ >  @  +?XQ_W B K( = 0 = 5 B + B / =  B A >  =  @  H  B - K+?XQWX B $ =  >  >  >  >  H  >  > $ = 8 @ ( @ 8  @  B /0 @  H 8 @ 0 = 5 B + B  > ( >  > 8 @  >   > -U > + >  > / @ 0 = 5 B + B +?XQ_W B  H  B  =   > 8 B ? >  B 8 @  >  >  B  @ $0 > Z(( =  H  B  ( = ( =  >  > +?XQW^ = Y( = 0 > XQ^R = D- = 0 =  5 B + B  H  B  = ? @  @ ??A >  = 0 > ( = 8 @  > -K$ >   =  H G8 >  > 0 = $ @  @  >  >  B $ =  >  >  >  > - [P8 >  = $ > $ > ( =  >  @ ? = ? @  @ E c+ @ / =  H 0 @  = 8 @ $F > <?+?XQYW( = 0 > Z( +?XQW^0 >  @ ? H 0F B 8 >  >  >  B  = ? @  @  H 0 @   = ?5 > $ B 8 > $ >  >  = ? @  @ F B F+ > +?XQLQ B $ =  >   >  >  > -<$ >  >  @ 50 B  B ?A = $ =  H  @ ( =  >   B ?+ > Z > $/ = 0 @  H 0 @ F > <?( = ( @  8 B F @  B F8 @  >  > $ @  @ 8 = 0 > 8 >  B 8 @  >  > ( = 8 @  F B  = 8 @ -<$ = 0 = 8 @  >  = X( = _ B 0 > $qZ(+?XQW^  @ $ = 5 B  >  @  >  >  B  = ? @  @  = ? @ + > $ > A > 8 @   >  B 8 @  >  > -C > ( > $ =  >  B A >  >  >  H  B  A >  > 8 @ $ >  B ?0 > F B $( @ ? B  @ 8 B ? =  >   = ? @  @ + = ?$ =  H  B ? = A >  =  >  @ ?50 @ Z > $/ = 0 @   B  H  B 8 >  = F B  H ? @ /A H  =  B  = $ >  (ZF B 8 =  = ? @  @ $ > -h+ = 8 @ 8 @  B ?A = $ =  H A B $ H F B  8 >  =  >  >  >  B  = ? @  @ $ =  H 0 @ + > Er8 >  D  >  @ F B s( = 0 = $ > + >  = ? @  @  = 50 @ Z > $/ = 0 @  B  H   B 8 >  = F B 0 @ 0 = 8 @ - [P8 >  = $ > $ > ( = ( @  @ 50 B E <$ >  > 00 = $ =  >  >  >  >  H  > + >  @  A H  >  = $ = ( @  >  = $ = ( @  @ 50 B -U >  @ A H  B $ = ( = ( @  H ( = $ = XT B 0 >  @  > ( = 8 @ F B +?XQ^R- [P8 >  = $ > $ > $( @ G8/0 @  >  @ ( =  > ( =  >  > ( = ( = + @  =  > E <$( @ 8 B ? =  =  > +?XQDY$ =  H $ >  =  @  B  >  B  >   >  @ ?( =  =  > -o >  >  B $ = G B  @  @ 8 @ F B 8 = 0 > _  H F+ > 8 = ( =  >  @ ?( = + @  =  >  B  = ? @  >  @ ? ?A > 8 @  >  H $ >  > ( > -<$ >  >   >  = ? @  @ FV?+?XQ^W8 @ F B $( @ ?ZXQ^Y ( = 8 @ F B $(0 @ 0 H p$Z/( = tcZXQQ_$ =  H $ > / @  = ?8 =  B ? >  @ ?( = + @  =  > 8 >  = $ @ ( >  = ? @  @ - [P = (8 >  = $ > $ > ( = 8 @ F B E U  0 >      @    >   ( =  8 @   F B   +?  XQ^R   H  $ >   @   0 @   0 =   =  XLVXXVXQQY-( @ $ >  @ 0 @  B 0 >  H + @ ? @ 8 @ 0 @  >  > ? >  F B ( = ( @ 8 @  >  =  = F B  B -U0 >  H + @ ? @   @ ?( @ ? > $ >  = ( @ G >  @  > 0 = F > F B -  = ? @  B  @  > $ >  @ ?( @  >  @ ( >  >  >   B  @  > $( @ 0 H e$ = FA = ( =  >  > $ =  H $ =   = 0 @  @ ?( @  B ?A = ( = $ > 0 H $ > $ > $ B ( = $( @  >   B ( = $ =  @ 8 @  >  > -K# ( 5k1uG8/1%?.5" "$%&"40k;)$(3G8/1.( u#!3v(?e$(34 Fe;-<+0 @  B $ = (8H0 ^ 0 @  > 8 =  B -K+0 @  = F @  @  > /$ B 50 @ ?0A > 0 @   B  >  > ( = $( @  B $ =  H 0/$A > 8 = ?$ @  B  0 H ( @ ( @ $ =  B  > -K0 H (8 >  = 00 > $ = 0 =  = 0 H  (8 >    =     >   (A >  / @ E   >   ( @     @   ? >   F  0 H   +?  XQWT  ( @ wZ$n70 H ( @ ? = $ = GZ > G0 B  B  = 0 H ( @ 8 >  F >  H  B  > -U$ >  = ( @ 8 >  >  H 0 @  B  >  F+ = $0 =  =  > 08 > 5$?0 H x >  @ ( = oG 8 > 8 @ 0 H x >  @ ( = < > 7?H B  > ? @ (8 >  =  >  B  8 @  >  > $ > 8 = ?$ @ ( =  > ( = A >  @ 0E8? > ( @ 0 B ( H  @ 8( = A >  @ 7$ = 0 = 0 >  B  > ?A >   H $ =  > 8 = ( >  > -<$ = A B 0 @ 50 @ $ @  @   > +0 @ ( = 0 > + B ?A =  >  >  = (0 @ 50 @  0 B ( = $$ = 0? @  B  >  =  > $ >  B 50 B / @  = ? > 0 @   >  @ 0 @  >  B  B - /34  S$%&?e?y/z({?&5%;\0 #"" $6(1. .yF3$6(1.F-"(3 ?5|3?0)(,.F-P)( 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