Thay m|it cho Hgi nhiing ngudi An Nam yeu nudc tgi Phap, Nguyin Ai Qudc di gdi ban Yiu sdch cua nhdn ddn An Nam ddn Hpi nghi Vdcxiy dd ddi cac quyin ty do cho nhin din Viet Nam.. Chinh
Trang 1X ^ TIM HIEU THEM VE SU KIEN NGUYEN AL QUOC GOI BAN YEU SACH CUA NHAN DAN AN NAM OEN HOI NGHJ VEC XAY NAM 1919
TS T R A N -VIET N G H I A *
Ngiy 18-1-1919, cae nudc di quic
thing tr|n trong chiin tranh thl
gidi lin thu nhit (1914-1918) t i chdc Hgi
nghi Vdcxiy tgi nudc Phip Tham dy Hii
nghj cd 27 doin dgi biiu cic nudc ttdn
thi gidi
Hpi nghi Vecxay diin ra trong khdng
khi rit cing thing va kdo dii din t|n cuii
nim 1919 NhQng bit ding vl quan diim
vi Igi ich gida cic nude di lim cho Hii
nghi ba lin dung ttude nguy co di vd Cuii
cung cic nudc dl quic da c i ging din xip
vdi nhau di thu hpp nhQng bit ding vi di
din ky kit Hiip udc hod binh Vecxdy, Mic
du Hipp udc di duge ky kit, nhung nd
khing thl giii quyit dugc hit cic mau
thuin chit chda trong ngi khii cic nudc tu
ban ehu nghla
Din vdi Hii nghi Vicxiy, Tong tiling
My Utdcrrao Uynson (Woodrow Wilson)
di dua ra bin Tuyen bS 14 diim' Vdi ban
tuyin bo cd nhiiu diim tiin bg niy dudng
nhu My muin phan chia Igi quyin lpi cda
eic nudc trin thl gidi mgt cich cing bing
* Trudng Dgi hpc quoc gia H i Ndi
Diim mau chdt nhit cua bin tuyin bo nay
la vin di "quyin ddn tgc ty quyit"
Hgi nghi Vdcxiy cQng ban lu|n siu din van dl thugc dia Vin dd nay vdn rit nhgy cim v i thudng giy tranh cai kich Upt trong Hii nghi, vi nd lidn quan true tidp den Igi ieh cda eic nudc thyc dan, die biit li Anh
vi Phip (cd nhiiu thuic dia nhit) Bi hip din bdi nhihig quan didm tiin b i cua My, dgi dipn cda nhiiu nude thugc dia d Pari da nhan ca hii niy ra cic bin tuydn ngdn ddi quydn ty quydt
Thay m|it cho Hgi nhiing ngudi An Nam yeu nudc tgi Phap, Nguyin Ai Qudc
di gdi ban Yiu sdch cua nhdn ddn An Nam ddn Hpi nghi Vdcxiy dd ddi cac
quyin ty do cho nhin din Viet Nam Ban ydu sach gim tim diim^ Bin yeu sich
niy tuy l i tiing ndi chung eua Hgi nhiing ngudi An Ngm yeu nudc tgi Phip, nhung
eung in d|m diu in vai trd cac ci nhan Phan Vin Trudng l i mdt tiln si lugt gidi tiing Phap viit Bin yeu sach bing tiing Phap, Phan Chiu Trinh viit bing chtt Qudc ngtt, cdn Nguyin Ai Quic thi ky tin vao ban yiu sach Ding chi Vu Ky'
Trang 2thugt lai ldi Nguydn Ai Quic - Hd Chi
Minh kd vd su kien nay nhu sau: "Ban
ydu sich 8 didm giii Hoa hpi Vecxay li
do hai cy Phan (Phan Chau Trinh vi
Phan Vin Trudng) vidt Hai cu cd hdi
minh cd thdm y kiln gi khdng? Khdng
phai do minh vidt dau Lue do minh vidt
sao ndi mic diu bin dd ky tdn li Nguydn
Ai Quic, sau dd ttd thanh ten hogt dpng
cua
minh"*-Nguyln Ai Quic di tich eye v|n dpng,
tuydn tiTiyIn vi diu ttanh cho Bin ydu
sich Ngudi da gdi Bin ydu sich din cic
nhan v|t quan frpng ttong Quic hii Phip
vi Tdng thdng Phip Ngudi di dpc cic
hinh lang cua cung didn Vecxiy dl trao
yiu sich cho doin dgi biiu cac nudc ldn
Ngudi cdn gdi thu rieng cd kdm theo Bin
yeu sich tdi cic doan dgi hidu tham dy
Hii nghi
Nguyin Ai Qudc di su dyng bio chi dl
tuydn truyen cho Bin ydu sich nhim tiiu
hut sy chu y cua cing chung Ngiy
18-6-1919, td Nhdn dgo (L'Humaniti) cua Dang
Xi hii Phip, ding tii Bin yeu sich niy vdi
nhan dl: "Quyin cie din tic"
Nguyin Ai Quic di ty bd tiln dl thui
in Ban yiu sich dudi dang truyin dan
Tdng hgi cdng nhdn da giup Ngudi in
dugc 6.000 bin truyin don Ngudi phan
phit truyen don ttdn dudng phi vi ttong
cic cupe mit tinh d Pari Ngudi edn phit
truyin dom cho nhung Viit kilu vi binh
linh Viet Nam dang sing d Phip Tham
chi Ngudi cdn t i chuc diin ca Bin yiu
saeh bing chtt Quoc ngtt de Viit kieu d{ nhd vi dl hiiu
Nhiing boat dgng tuydn truyin ciia Nguydn Ai Quic di thu hdt duge sy quan tim cua du lugn Phip va quic ti, lim cljo chinh gidi Phip khdng khdi kinh ngge va Ig nggi Ngiy 23-6-1919, Ting tiling Phipda thdng bio cho Toin quydn Ding Duong ll Anbe Xari (Albert Sarraut) vl vipc da nhjn dugc bin ydu sich cua Nguydn Ai Quic% ydu ciu xic dinh danh tinh tie gii cua bin
ydu sich nay Thing 8-1919, Anbe Xari &
thing bio vdi Pari ring bin ydu sich dif-dang lan truyin ttin dudng phi Hi Npi vi bao ehi dang cd nhiing binh lu|n vi bin yiu sach nay Mit thim Phip dugc tung di
dd tim hiiu vd Nguyin Ai Quoc Ngiy 6-9-1919, Nguydn Ai Quic hi Bg Thuic dja gpi din dl thim vin
Didu giy ngge nhidn cho chung li Nguyin Ai Quic di cing khai tilt li danh
tinh cda minh Td Yi Che Pdg a Tiin Tsin'
(Trung Quic) frong cic s i bio ra td ngiy
18 din ngiy 20-9-1919 da ding ban Yeu sdch tdm diim eua Hgi nhiing ngudi An Ngm yeu nudc vk bai phdng vin: "Ngudi dgi difn An Nam - Nguyen Ai Qudc" d!S|
mgt nha bio My'
Chinh quyin thugc dia d Dong Duong
di cd bin bao cio gui Bg Thuic dja v\
danh tinh vi nguin gic xuit thin cila Nguyin Ai Quic: "Nguyin Ai Quic tiic Nguyin Tit Thanh, ngudi di cd m|t trong
vy ching thui d miln Trung frong nim 1908; sau dd di d bin Anh trudc khi den
Trang 3Phip" Phan cuii cda bin bio cio nay di
nhin mgnh: " 6 Dong Duong da coi
Nguyen Tit Thinh nhu l i mit tdn philn
logn nguy hiim"'
Dd rit cim tuc nhung thyc din Phap
khing thi bit gitt Nguydn Ai Qudc tgi
Phip do chdng lo sg W du luan trong nudc
vi quoc t i phin dii, sg lim xiu di hinh
inh mgt nudc Phip "ty do va binh ding"
Tuy nhidn, ehung md m|t trin du luin trdn
bio chi di vu cio Ngudi d i cung cip
nhiing thing tin "sai Ideh" v l tinh hinh
Ding Duong, td dd kit Ngudi tpi bja d|t
vi vu khong
Ngay sau khi Nguyin Ai Quoc gui bin
Yeu sdch cua nhdn ddn An Nam tdi Hgi
nghi Vicxay, nhi bao Dgvila di viet bii
"Gid phut nghiem trgng" ding trdn bao Tin
nic thugc dia (Courrier Colonial), s i ra
ngiy 27-6-1919, dl chi frich bin yeu sich:
"Lim sao mit ngudi dan thudc dia igi ed
thi dung bin yiu sich cda nhin din dl
cing kich Chinh phd Phip Thgt li qui
quit Cd theo d i nay thi bpn din thuic dia
sd lin ngang hing vdi ngudi Phdp chung ta
vi sdm frd thinh dng chu cda chung ta
Khing dugc, phii kim giQ ehung mai mii
frong vdng n i li"* Nguyin Ai Quic d i
viit bii "Tam dja thyc din" di da kich tu
tudng njng dc thyc dan cua Davila, ding
thdi thim mgt lin nOa to eao nhttng chinh
sich bdp nghpt cic quyin ti; do cda thyc
din Phip d Vipt Nam, djc biit l i chinh
sich mj dfin cua Toin quyin Ding Duong
Anbe Xari khi y tuyin b i sd md ra cho
ngudi dan An Nam mit ky nguyin eua ty
do va cong ly
Td Nhdn dgo (ngiy 2-8-1919) da ding
bai "Vin d l dan ban xd" cila Nguyin Ai Quic Trong bai vidt niy Ngudi mgnh me khing dinh nhiing ydu eau cua nhin din Vidt Nam giii ldn Hgi nghi Vecxay li hoin toin chinh dang: ban thinh ciu cda nhttng ngudi An Nam giii Hgi nghi Hoi binh ddi an x i cho tit ci cic tu chinh tri ngudi bin xu, ddi cii each phip chl d Ddng Duong bing ban hinh nhihig dim bio cho nhiing ngudi bin xu ciing nhu cho ngudi
Au, ddi ty do bio chi, tu do hii hgp vi l|p hii, ty do dgy hpc, ddi thay thi chi d i sic Ipnh bing chi dp phip lu|t; v i sau cung ddi
cd mgt doin dgi biiu thudng tryc cua dan bin xd, dugc bau vao Nghi vipn Phip Chung tdi ehi cd thl coi cic ydu.sich rit dung din dd ciing li cua ehinh minh, frong thdi dai m i y muon cda nhan dan li nim quyin ty quyit"'- Mue dp phi phin cua Ngudi vl chl dg cai tii ha kliic cua thyc dan Phip d Vipt Nam ttong bai vidt niy cdn gay git hon so vdi bii "Tim dia thyc din"
Ngiy 4-9-1919, td Bdn chiing (Le Populaire) ding bii "Ding Duong va Triiu
Tiin" cda Nguyin Ai Qudc tidp tyc d i phi chinh sich cai tri bdp nghpt quyin ty do, dan ehu cda thyc din Phap d Dong Duong Trong s i 10 vgn ngudi Viit Nam d i sang giup nude Phip ching Due, thi co tdi vii van ngudi d i hy sinh cho nudc Phip, vi nhttng ngudi cdn Igi dang phii lao dgng eye nhgc d Phip nhu nhiing ngudi n i ii
Trang 4Su hy sinh cua ngudi dan Viet Nam cho
nudc Phap li qui ldn, nhung didu do cung
ching thay ddi chinh sach cai tri cda ngudi
Phip d Viet Nam'"
Ngay 18-9-1919, Utoray lE kich lidt
cdng kich Nguyin Ai Quic tgi Nghi vidn
Phip Sau khi phd phin cic thdng tin sai
Idch ciia Nguyin Ai Quic vl tinh hinh Ding
Duong, Utcrriy nliin mgnh: "Vdi tu cich dgi
biiu Ddng Duong, tdi khdng thl chip nhgn
frong Nghj viin nay du luan cho ring xu
Ddng Duong bi nudc Phip ngugc dii vi
ngudi An Nam khing duge hudng mpi
quyin ty do phu hgp vdi sy phit tridn chinh
tri cua dgi chdng Ddng Duong dudi sy che
chd cua nudc Phip dang di theo si phfin eua
nd frong hoi binh, vi chiing cd hdng hdn
nhit ring nd hgnh phdc, thua cic Ngii, cic
Ngii di timg chdng kidn qua sy nhiet tinh
cua ngudi An Nam sang bio vi nudc Phip
frong con nguy bidn"" Ngiy 16-10-1919,
td Bdn chiing tiep tuc ding bii "Thu giii
ing Utoriy" cda Nguyen Ai Quic Bii bio
khing dinh nhttng cio buic eua Nguydn Ai
Quic vl sy vi phgm quydn ty do, dan chu vi
binh ding eua thyc din Phip d Viet Nam li
hoin toin dung sy that, ring nhQng thong
tin <E dua ra li khdng thd choi eii dupc'^
Utoriy ndi trirdc Nghi vien Phip ring
Nguydn Ai Quic la tii pham W truy ni d
Ddng Duong Phin n i trudc cio buic do,
Ngudi sin sing dinh cugc vdi Utoriy bing
danh dy xem ai la ngudi ndi da dung sy
th|t diy", ding thdi khing dinh khing sg
hi truy ni hay kit in Niu bj kit an, Ngudi
khing thay ho thpn ma coi do la mit vinh
dy Ban in sd la su cing khai td cio bpn thuc dan vd dgo da lira hoen i va tin thuang nghiem trgng ddn danh tiing "c^
thugng" cda nudc Phap tu do vi cing ly dl
dugc thl gidi cong nhgn 'i
Thuc din Phap d i su dyng diin din
bio chi dd phin cing Igi Nguyin J^
Quic Chdng muin du lugn quic tl vi Phip hiiu ring nhQng cao huge c6r' Nguyin Ai Qudc la bia dit va vd cin cu
Ngudi din Viit Nam vin dugc hudng nhQng quydn tu do v i dugc dii xd binh ding Mgi vipc d Vipt Nam diu diin ti^
rat tit dpp Thue chat diy li im muu che diy bin chat xau xa cda thyc din Phip nhim xoa diu du lugn Phap vi liy I9I thanh danh cda nudc Phip trdn trudng quoc td Nguydn Ai Qudc da dung cim l$t ttin im muu muin dinh bdng du lujn cda thyc dan Phip Ngudi cung sd dyng bio chi dd tan cong lai Nhiing bii bio sic nhgn cua Ngudi lim cho bgn thyc dan
bi bd mit ban, lam cho dan ehung Phdp hiiu rd hom bin chat xiu xa vi vd nhin dgo cda chung, thiy dugc mit na gii nhin gii nghla v i khai hoa vin minh ciia chung, thiy dugc ngudi dan Viit NaB dang hi chdng dga diy vl tinh thin va thi xic, tii dd thiy duge sy kbit khao dugc tif
do cua nhan din Vidt Nam
Tgi Ding Duang, mgt so td bio tiiin Phip
da in bin ydu sach nay dl chl nliao NguySi
Ai Quic vi kdu ggi din ap Vide lam niy ciia chdng th|t phin tic dyng, bdi qua bio chi
Trang 5nhidu ngudi din Viit Nam da biit din ban
ydu sich vi tdn tuii nhi ydu nudc Nguyen
Ai Quic Hp ktiim phyc Nguyin Ai Quic
dang d noi "nanh hum mieng sdi", da hidn
ngang ddng ldn diu ttanh ddi quyin ty do
eho ding bao minh Hg cing in tugng hgn
bdi nhiing hogt dgng diu tianh niy diin ra tgi
mit hii nghj quic ti Idn, noi tu tap nhdng
tin trdm thyc din khdt tiing
Tuy cuic v|n ding dau tranh ddi cie
nude tham du Hgi nghi Vecxay ban hinh
mit sd quyin ty do eho nhin din Vi$t Nam
khing thinh cing, nhung di giy dugc
nhiing tieng vang ldn d Viit Nam, d Phip
vi frdn trudng quic tl Diy li lin diu tidn
mit bin yiu sich cda ngudi Viet Nam di
dugc cing b i d mgt hgi nghi quic ti Idn vi
ding tii frin mgt si td bio quic ti
Ding thdi, chinh td thyc tiln ttong
cuic diu tranh niy cing nung niu thdm y
chi ching thyc dan giii phdng din tic
cda Ngudi Bdi chinh td trai nghiim niy,
Ngudi hiiu rd ban vl bin chit eua thyc
din, vl eon dudng d l di din dgc l|p, ty
do thyc sy cho nhan din Vi$t Nam:
"Dugc nhihig sy thgt ay rdn luyin, ing
Nguyjn hiiu ring nhQng ldi tuyin b i ty
do eua cic nhi chinh ttj tu bin ttong luc
chiin tranh th|t ra chi li nhQng ldi dudng
mgt dl Ida bip cic dan tgc V i muon
dugc giii phdng, cic dan tic chi cd thi
fring c|y vao minh, tting c|y vao lyc
lugng cua bin than minh"'*
Nhttng hogt dgng dau ttanh sii nii eua
Nguyin Ai Quic frong nim 1919 tgi Phip
da nhgn dugc sy min md va cam phuc cua nhOng ngudi Viet Nam ydu nude Nhidu
ngudi Vipt Nam 6& biet den tin tudi eua
nhi yiu nudc Nguyin Ai Qudc Hp dit nidra tin vao Nguyen Ai Quic: "Tin tudi cua Nguyin Ai Quic dugc frong nudc biit den li cd thi vio dip niy Mac diu bin Ydu cau tara diim ehua ddi hdi gi nhidu hon ragt each ding kd so vdi nhihig dilu
mi Phan Chau Trinh di ddi hdi td tiudc Nhung vipc dua mit bin Ydu ciu nhu thl
ra ti-udc mgt hii nghi quic t i dd dinh thdc
sy chd y cua the gidi ddi vdi vin di Viit Nam, la mgt vipc lim hdt sdc khin kheo Nhan dan frong nudc dinh gii eao hinh thdc diu ttanh mdi rai niy Tdn Nguyin Ai Quic nhu mit inh sing, mgt niim hy vpng chgt le Idi ttong bau ttdi den thim"'^
1 Tuyen tro 14 diim g6m: I Hoa udc ky cong khai; 2 Hoin toin di l&i ty- do trgn m§t bien; 3 Huy
bd nhihig hang rao kinh tl; 4 Giam vu khf cac nudc din mdc toi thilu; 5 Giai quyit cong tam nhOng
vin dl thu$c dia, chieu Co cic dan tgc bin xii vii
cac chinh phii; 6 Rut quan khoi Nga, de Nga tu chpn liy chfnh phu; 7 Rut quin khdi Bi, khong ban chl chu quyen; 8 Rut quan khoi Phap va hoan Andat va Loren l^i cbo Phip; 9 Dilu chinh bien gidi Italia theo nguyen tic din tOc; 10 Dam bao quy€n phat trien tu lap cua cic dan tpc Ao- Hung;
11 Rut quan khOi Rumani, Mongtenegro, md dircmg cho Sdcbi ra bien; 12 Bao dam quyen phat bien ty lap cua cac dan tQC Tho, t^r do qudc tl dimg
eo biin; 13 Phyc hung Ba Lan dpc l§p, cd duong ra
bien; 14 -Thinh l$p mot Tong hdi cdc ddn tgc
Trang 61
2 Bao g6m: 1 An xa toan thS chinh tri ph^m
Vi?t Nam; 2 Cai each nen tu phap D6ng Dircmg de
cho mpi ngirdi Vi?t Nam cung dugc dam bao ve
mat phap ly nhu ngucri Au, bo hJn toa an d$c bi?t vi
do 1^ cdng cv de khung bd va dan ap nhChig ngiriri
Vi?l Nam lucmg thi?n; 3 T^r do ngon lu|ui va bao
chi; 4 Tg do h^i hpp va lap h^i; 5 Ty do cu tni 6
nu6c ngoai va t\r do ra nudc ngoai; 6 Tg do hpc tgp
va mo cac tru&ng ky thugt vi chuyen nghi?p cho
ngudi ban xii; 7 Thay th£ che dd sic l^nh bing ch£
d$ lu$t phdp; 8 Bau ra dgi dl$n thudng ttvc ciia
ngudi Vi§t Nam d bfin cgnh Qu6c h§i Phip, dl trinh
biy nguyf n vpng ciia ngudi Vi?t Nam
3 D6ng chi Vu Ky lii Thu ky cOa Chii tjch H6
Chi Minh
4 Din theo Thu Trang: Nhimg hogt dgng cOa
Phan Chau Trinh tgi Phdp 1911- 1925, Nxb VSn
ngh$ Thinh pho Hd Chi Minh, 2000, tr 125
5 Thu Trang: Nhimg hogt d0ng ciia Phan Chdu
Trinh tgi Phdp 1911- 1925, Nxb VSn Ngh? thanh
pho H6 Chi Minh, 2000, tr 138
6 7, 15 Thu Trang: NhOng hogt dgng cua Phan
Chau Trinh igi Phdp 1911- 1925, Nxb VSn Ngh?
thinh pho H6 Chi Minh, tr 137,137-138,139
8 9 10, 11 H6 Chi Minh Toan tgp CTQG, H,
2002,T.ltr.487,6,13,17
12,13.XemjA/,T.l,tr 15,16
14 Tran Dan Tien: Nhimg mdu chuyen ve den
hogt dgng cua Ho Chit tich, Nxb Vin hpc, H, 1970,
tr.30
TIM H I E U V E P H A T T R I E N
K I N H T E H A N G HAI
(Tiep theo trang 52)
Tren m^t tran h\kn, dao, v i n 6k phat
trien kinh t6 g i n v a i qu6c phong, an ninh
la van de c6 y nghia dac biet quan trgng,
vira nham phat huy khai thac tot mpi tiem nang to Ion cua vung bien, dao dai
n u a c vira dap u n g >eu cau bao ve chu quyen, lai ich quoc gia dan toe tren bien Hien nay the tran "ket hop kinh te v6i quoc phong, an n i n h " tren bien nam trong the tran \ a \ d u n g nen quoc phong toan dan va an ninh nhan dan tren ca nirac Ve khong gian the tran "ket hgp kinh te vai quoc phong, an ninh" tren bien phai gan ket chat che giira bien dao
va lanh tho ven bien Tren c o so do "ket hap kinh te vai quoc phong, an ninh" tren bien phai d u a vao cac viing kinh te, trudc
!iet la cac v u n g kinh te trong diem da duoc quy hoach, de thuc hien ket hi;q) kinh te voi quoc phong, an ninh va quoc phong, an ninh vai kinh te trong cac ke hoach phat trien viing ciia dat nucrc,
f
i 2 Dang Cong san Viel Nam: Van Ici^nl hoi dai hieu toan quoc ldn ilnr VIU, CTQG H,
1996,tr.211, 186
3, Dang Cong san Viet Nam' Van kien Dai lioi dai hieu loan quoc ldn (hi'r IX, CTQG, H 2001
tr 181-182
4 Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Van kien Dai hot tint bieu loan qudc ldn ihi'rX, CTQG, H, 2006, tr 225
5 Dang Cpng san Viet Nam: Van kien Dai hqi dai bieu loan qudc tdn ihu XI, CTQG H, 2011
tr 203
6, Tong Cong t>- Hang hai Viet Nam: Bao m
Km^ kel linh hinh time hien nhiem vu ke hoach i
nam (2001'2005) va Phuang hirdng nhiem vu ki hoach 5 ndm (2006-2010
1 Ban To chirc - ("tic Hang hai Viet Nam