Đề cương Ôn tập Av8 HK2

PHÒNG GD&ĐT NÚI THÀNH ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP HỌC KỲ 2 TRƯỜNG THCS KIM ĐỒNG Môn: TIẾNG ANH 8 I/ VOCABULARY Từ vựng về chủ điểm cấp cứu và các phương pháp cấp cứu (first-aid): * emergency, ambulance, bleeding, crutches, stretcher, wheelchair, eye chart, patient, victim, patient, sterile dressing, fainting, shock, burns, injured person. * try to stop the bleeding/ to put pressure on it/ to hold it tight/ to keep him (her) awake/ to give first-aid instructions/ to arrange for an ambulance/ to elevate the patient’s feet/ to minimize tissue damage/ to ease the pain with ice/ to have a cut on (my/his/her) head Từ vựng về chủ điểm tái chế (recycling): * 3R (reduce, reuse, recycle), plastic, metal, vegetable matter, fabric, leather, fertilizer, dung, waste, compost, natural resources, paper packaging, mixture, * to be overpackaged, to protect the environment, to soak…with…, to send (sth) to a factory for recycling, to scatter, to take…from…, to put…into…, to dip (sth) into the liquid Từ liên quan đến cảnh quan, danh lam thắng cảnh, di tích lịch sử: * Destination, Nha Rong harbor, Ha Long Bay, History/Revolution Museum, Zoo and Botanical Garden, Oceanic Institute, (seaside/mountainous) resort, tourist attraction, tribes → tribal villages, slopes, jungle stream, cave, limestone island * To fly → flight (n); to depart → departure (n); to arrive → arrival (n), to put out (dập/ tắt) Từ liên quan đến một số địa danh du lịch và dự báo thời tiết: * San Francisco, Chicago, New York, Lake Michigan, Hawaii, Napa Valley, Alcatraz, Mount Rushmore, Waikiki Beach, The Statue of Liberty, Kilauea Volcano, Fisherman’s Wharf, * Temperature: -5 0 C (minus five degrees Centigrade/Celsius); 0 0 C (zero degree Centigrade/Celsius) Từ liên quan đến lễ hội, cuộc thi: * rice-cooking/ fire-making/ water-fetching/ bull-fighting/ fish-praying festival; lantern-making/ flower-arranging contest; English-speaking contest, councilor (UV hội đồng GK), judge, pieces of bamboo, pomegranate (quả lựu), dried water melon seeds, marigold (cúc vạn thọ), apricot flowers (hoa mai), peach blossoms (hoa đào), a bunch of (flowers) * to yell (la hét), to make a fire, to separate (the rice) from (the husk), to try (nếm thử), to award (the prize) to (the winning team), to have (someone) design (a card), to describe → description (n), to perform → performance (n), to jumble (xáo trộn, lộn xộn), to pull. Từ liên quan đến các kỳ quan của thế giới: * heritage, wonders, pyramids, Stonehenge (a prehistoric ritual monument: tượng đài hành lễ thời tiền sử/ở nước Anh), Sydney Opera House, Golden Gate Bridge, Statue of Liberty, the Great Barrier Reef (the largest deposit coral in the world), Mount Everest (8, 848meters high), canyon (hẽm núi), magnificent (adj), breaktaking (adj.), summit, expedition, a clue, a ruler * to construct/ construction (n), to take a guided tour, to compile, to form Từ liên quan đến máy tính (computer): * CPU (central processing unit), monitor, mouse, keyboard, screen, printer, icon, input tray, output path, computer jacks, bulletin board, * to have/get access to a computer, to connect/ connection (n), to plug, to be under guarantee, to adjust (the knob), to post = to upload, to click (the mouse), to remove, to install • Exercise 1: Choose the word/phrase that best completes each sentence. 1. The canoe ( turned over / overturned / turned down ) and everyone fell into the water. 2. The Pyramid of Cheops is one of the seven ( temples / pagodas / wonders / churches) of the world. 3. The United States has a big ( car-making / making-car / car-made / making-cars ) industry. 4. This is an emergency. Please send ( a car / a bike / an ambulance / a taxi ) to Quang Trung school. 5. A schoolboy fell off her bike and had a bad cut ( in / on / at / from ) his arm. 6. People use first-aid in order to ease the ( helper’s / boy’s / victim’s / doctor’s ) pain. II/ LANGUAGE FOCUS 1) Past simple: (S + V-ed/ V2) diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và chấm dứt hẳn trong quá khứ, có thời gian chỉ rõ. (last week, last night, ago, yesterday, in 2001,…) Eg: She lived in Ha Noi for 3 years, and then she moved to Da Nang. (She doesn’t live in HN any more.) 1 2) Past progressive: (S + was/were + V-ing) diễn tả hành động đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm trong quá khứ. (Ví dụ: at 8 o’clock last night; at this time last year…) Examples: At 9 oclock last night Hoa was doing her homework; her parents were watching TV.  Past progressive with when and while: Eg: a) The Le family was sleeping when the mailman came. (When + quá khứ đơn) b) The mailman came while the Le family was sleeping. (While + quá khứ tiếp diễn) 3) Present perfect: (S + have/ has + pp) * Diễn tả hành động đã kết thúc (finished action) nhưng không xác định thời (Unit 15 - Ex 3/ p.146) Examples: a) I’ve been to Ha Long Bay twice. b) Someone has unpluged the printer. * Diễn tả hành động chưa kết thúc (incomplete action) (Unit 15 - Ex 3/ p.146). Thường dùng với: since (từ ) chỉ mốc thời gian, for + khoảng thời gian. * Dùng với already (rồi) trong câu khẳng định và với yet (chưa) trong câu hỏi và câu phủ định Examples: a) We’ve learnt English since 2006. c) Have you done your homework yet? b) She’s lived here for 10 years. d) I’ve already done my homework. e) Have you ever been to My Son? - No, I’ve never been there. 4) Present progressive with always : diễn tả sự phàn nàn (a complaint) Examples: a) Na is always playing computer games. b) Mrs. Nga is always losing her umbrella. • Exercise 2 (Verb tenses): Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense, present simple (I do…), past simple (I did…), past progressive (I was doing…) or present perfect (I have done…) 1. A: Where (you/go) ……………………………… last Sunday? B: I (go) …………………. to Hoi An. (You/ever be) ………………….…………… to Hoi An? A: No, I (not be) ……… ………………… to Hoi An yet. 2. C: What (you/do) ………….…………………. every evening? D: I (do) ……………… … my homework and (watch) …… ……………… TV. C: What (you/do) …………………………. yesterday evening? D: I (do) …………… … my homework and (watch) …… … …………… TV. C: What (you/do) ……………… ……………. at 10 o’clock yesterday evening? D: I (watch) …………………… ……… TV at 10 o’clock yesterday evening. 3. We (start) ……………………. learning English 3 years ago. 4. We (learn) ………………………… English since 2004. 5. Lan (talk) ……………………… to her grandmother when the mailman came. 6. A: ……………………………… (you/see) the film Titanic yet? B: Yes. I ……………………… (see) it last year. 7. Mrs Thoa was cooking dinner when Tuan (arrive) …………………… home. 8. (You/finish) ………………………………… your homework yet?  Adjective + to-infinitive (Unit 10: LF Exercise 3/ p96) It is + adjective + to-infinitive (Adjective: easy, hard = difficult, safe, dangerous, important ) Example: a) It is easy (follow) to follow your directions. b) It is important (learn) to learn by heart those words.  Adjective + that clause (Unit 10, LF 4 /P. 97) Adjectives: delighted, happy, certain = sure, believed, afraid Examples: a) I am delighted that you passed your English exam. b) I am sure that she won’t come here today.  -ed and -ing participles (Unit 11: Exercise 1/ p.108, Exercise 2/ p.109) -ed participle: With passive meaning. Eg: The post cards (make) made from recycled paper are cheaper. -ing participle: With active meaning. Eg: The boy (read) reading a book is Ba  Verb + to-infinitive (decide, try, want… to work)  Verb + bare infinitive (can/could, will, may/might… work)  Requests (lời thỉnh cầu, đề nghị) ▪ Can/could/will you + V (bare infinitive) = Do/Would you mind + V-ing 2 - Can/ Could/ Will/ Would you (get me a bandage), please? - Would/Do you mind (getting me a bandage)? ▪ Can/could I + V (bare infinitive) = Do/Would you mind if I … - Can/ Could I (ask you a question)? - Do you mind if (I ask you a question)? = Would you mind if (I asked you a question)?  Offers (lời ngỏ ý) - Shall/ Can I (get you a bandage)?  Promises (lời hứa) - I promise I'll (get you a bandage).  Compound words: (noun + V-ing ) rice-cooking, car-making, bull-fighting Examples: a) It is a contest in which participants have to make a fire. → It is a fire-making contest. b) Viet Nam is a country which exports a lot of rice. → Viet Nam is a rice-exporting country. (see more on LF 3/ P. 130) Exercise 3: Choose the word/phrase that best completes each sentence. 1. It is dangerous ( play / to play / playing / played ) in the kitchen. 2. It’s difficult ( answer / answered / answering / to answered ) these questions. 3. The boy ( read / reads / to read / reading ) a book is Ba. 4. The doll ( dress / dressing / dressed / to dress ) in a pink skirt is $2. 5. The girl ( sit / sat / sitting / to sit ) next to Mai is Lan. 6. The flowers ( wrap / to wrap / wrapping / wrapped ) in yellow paper is 20,000 dong. 7. ( Can you / Do you / Would you / Did you ) mind if I turn on the television? 8. ( Can you / Do you / Would you / Did you ) mind if I turned on the television? 9. ( Can you / Do you / Have you / Did you ) get me some water, please? 10. ( Can you / Do you / Could you / Did you ) mind telling me the way to the railway station? 11. Would you mind if I (see / saw / seen / seeing ) your book? - Not at all. 12. I’m looking forward ( with / by / from / to ) seeing you again. 13. We are very ( interesting / interested / interest / interests ) in protecting the environment. 14. What ( did you do / are you doing / were you doing / have you done) at 6 o'clock this morning? 15. (How often / How long / How much / How old ) do the festival take place? - Once a year. • Passive form (Dạng bị động) Active : Subject + Verb + Object Passive: Subject + BE + past participle + by + Object 1) Present simple: They collect plastic bottles for recycling. (active) Plastic bottles are collected for recycling. (passive) 2) Past simple: Bell invented the telephone in 1876. (active) The telephone was invented by Bell in 1876. (passive) 3) Future simple: They will build a new factory next year. (active) A new factory will be built next year. (passive) 4) Present perfect: The cat has broken the dishes in the kitchen. (active) The dishes have been broken by the cat in the kitchen. (passive) Exercise 4: Change the sentences into the passive form. 1. They make glass from sand. → ……………………………………………………………………… 2. They send glass bottles to factories for recycling. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. They collect garbage in the school yard three times a week. …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4. A French engineer designed the Eiffel Tower for the 1889 Paris Exhibition. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. They have broken my best vase. → .………………………………………………………………… 6. They will build a new school in my village. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3 7. People cut the bottles into small pieces. The bottles 8. People mix the small pieces with certain chemicals. The small pieces 9. In Britain, the milkmen collect empty milk bottles. In Britain, empty milk bottles • Reported statements (Câu kể ở dạng tường thuật) say(s)/said S + + (that) + S + V (Có thể bỏ “that”) tell(s)/told sb lùi về quá khứ 1 thì nếu động từ tường thuật ở thì quá khứ Eg: a) “I am a plumber,” he said. → He said (that) he was a plumber. b) “I can fix the faucet, ” he said. → He said (that) he could fix the faucet. c) “I work 8 hours a day,” he said. → He said (that) he worked 8 hours a day. II/ Reported questions (Câu hỏi ở dạng tường thuật)  Yes-No questions (Câu hỏi Có-Không: bắt đầu bằng trợ động từ do, does, can, is, are, did, was…) asked (sb) S + wondered + if/whether + S + V (động từ không còn đứng trước chủ ngữ) wanted to know đổi thì của động từ lùi về quá khứ 1 thì a) “Is My Son in Quang Nam,?” → He asked me if/whether My Son was in Quang Nam. (Chuyển is sang qúa khứ was và đưa ra sau chủ ngữ) b) “Do many people visit My Son?” → He asked me if/whether many people visited My Son. (Bỏ trợ động từ do , chuyển visit sang qúa khứ visited )  Wh- questions (Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi: what, where, how, how many, how often ) asked (sb) S + wondered + what/when/how + S + V (động từ không còn đứng trước chủ ngữ) wanted to know đổi thì của động từ lùi về quá khứ 1 thì a) “Where is My Son?” → He asked me where My Son was . b) “How often do you visit Hoi An?” → He asked me how often I visited Hoi An. Exercise 5: Finish the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first. 1. France presented the Statue of Liberty to the United States in 1876. → The Statue of Liberty ………………………………………………………………. 2. A French civil engineer designed the Eiffel Tower for the 1889 Paris Exhibition. → The Eiffel Tower ……………… …………………………… for the 1889 Paris Exhibition. 3. Can I ask you some questions? → Do you mind …………………………………………………. 4. Can you help me with my homework? → Do you mind ………………………………………………………………… 5. Hoa said: "I want to visit Phong Nha Cave." → Hoa said ……………………………………………………………………………. 6. Hoa said to Nam: "Is Phong Nha Cave far from Hue?" → Hoa asked Nam …………………………………………………………………… 7. Mai said to Quan: "Do you like visiting museums?" → Mai asked Quan …………………………………………….……………………… 8. Nam said to Lan: "How often do you have a vacation?" → Nam asked Lan ……………………………………………………………………… 4 . PHÒNG GD&ĐT NÚI THÀNH ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP HỌC KỲ 2 TRƯỜNG THCS KIM ĐỒNG Môn: TIẾNG ANH 8 I/ VOCABULARY Từ vựng về chủ điểm cấp cứu và các phương.  Yes-No questions (Câu hỏi Có-Không: bắt đầu bằng trợ động từ do, does, can, is, are, did, was…) asked (sb) S + wondered + if/whether + S + V (động từ không còn đứng trước chủ ngữ) wanted. to work)  Verb + bare infinitive (can/could, will, may/might… work)  Requests (lời thỉnh cầu, đề nghị) ▪ Can/could/will you + V (bare infinitive) = Do/Would you mind + V-ing 2 - Can/ Could/