viết lại câu ôn thi tn THPT môn anh văn

ÔN TẬP THI TỐT NGHIỆP THPT QUỐC GIA VÀ XÉT TUYỂN VÀO ĐHPhần viết lại câu Rewriting sentences / Sentence transformation Viết lại câu hay biến đổi câu là cách thay đổi hình thức, cấu trúc,

ÔN TẬP THI TỐT NGHIỆP THPT QUỐC GIA VÀ XÉT TUYỂN VÀO ĐH

Phần viết lại câu (Rewriting sentences / Sentence transformation)

Viết lại câu hay biến đổi câu là cách thay đổi hình thức, cấu trúc, từ ngữ của câu nhưng không làm thay đổi

ý nghĩa của câu

1 Một số dạng bài tập viết lại câu

Dạng 1: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it (Hoàn thành mỗi câu sau sao cho nghĩa của nó giống hệt với câu đã cho trước.)

1 Tom is the most intelligent in my class

No one

2 Although the play received good notice, not many people went to see it Despite

Cho trước một số từ mở đầu câu thứ hai để thí sinh viết tiếp Dạng này có thể có nhiều hơn một cách viết lại. - Câu 1 có thể viết lại bằng 1 trong 2 cách sau: 1a) No one in my class is as intelligent as Tom 1b) No one in my class is more intelligent than Tom. - Câu 2 có thể viết lại bằng các cách sau: 2a) Despite the play's good notice not many people went to see it 2b) Despite the fact that the play received good notices not many people went to see it 2c) Despite the good notices the play received not many people went to see it Dạng 2: Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given Do not change the word given You must use between two and five words, including the word given (Hoàn thành câu thứ hai để nó có nghĩa tương tự với câu thứ nhất, có sử dụng một từ đã cho Không được thay đổi từ đã cho Bạn phải sử dụng từ 2 đến 5 từ, kể cả từ đã cho.) 1 I saw him at my 21st birthday party

since I my 21st birthday party 2 It’s very difficult to predict the weather here tends The weather unpredictable here Đáp án câu 1: haven’t seen him since / have not seen him since (haven’t được tính thành 2 từ) Đáp án câu 2: tends to be very Dạng 3: For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as possible in meaning to the original sentence, but using the word given This word must not be altered in any way (Từ mỗi câu sau hãy viết một câu mới có nghĩa tương tự với câu ban đầu, nhưng có sử dụng một từ đã cho Không được thay đổi từ đã cho.) 1 Even though he trained extremely hard, he wasn’t able to break the record SUCCEED

2 Please would you send me further details of the job advertised? GRATEFUL

Dạng viết lại này giống với dạng 2 là có cho từ chìa khóa (key word) nhưng không cho từ mở đầu và những từ kết thúc câu, do vậy không giới hạn số từ cần viết tiếp (3 đến 3 từ như dạng 2) Đáp án câu 1: Even though he trained extremely hard, he didn’t succeed in breaking the record Đáp án câu 2: I would be grateful if you could send me further details of the job advertised 2 Một số cấu trúc thường gặp khi viết lại câu 2.1 Viết lại có thay đổi thì của động từ nhưng nghĩa của câu vẫn không thay đổi a I last saw him two months ago → I haven’t

b I last saw him two months ago → The last time

c Julia started working for this company 5 years ago → Julia has

d When did you last see Tom? → How long is it ?

e Do you have any experience of driving this kind of car? → Have you ?

Đáp án câu a: seen him for two months câu b: I saw him was two months ago

câu c: worked for this company for 5 years hoặc been working for this company for 5 years câu d: since you last saw Tom câu e: ever driven this kind of car

f In the middle of our dinner there was a knock at the door → When

g James spoke to his lawyer before signing the contract → James didn’t

h Jack left the office before I arrived there → When I arrived

i Mozart wrote more than 600 pieces of music before he was 35 → By the age

Đáp án câu f: we were having/eating dinner there was a knock at the door / somebody knocked at the door câu g: sign the contract until he had spoken to his lawyer câu h: Jack had left the office câu i: of 35 Mozart had written more than 600 pieces of music 2.2 Viết lại có thay đổi động từ nhưng nghĩa của câu vẫn không thay đổi. a My father said I could use his car → My father allowed

b He spends two hours a day watering the garden → It takes

c She wouldn’t allow me to read the letter → She wouldn’t let

d The thief forced the bank manager to lie on the ground → The thief made

e I don't want to think about that problem now → I'd rather

f I don't want you to tell anyone else what I've told you → I'd rather

Đáp án câu a: me to use his car câu b: him two hours a day to water câu c: me read the letter câu d: the bank nanager lie on the ground câu e: not think about that problem now câu f: you didn’t tell anyone else what I've told you 2.3 Viết lại giữa cấu trúc chủ động (active: do) và bị động (passive: be done), gồm thể truyền khiến (have somebody do something = get somebody to do something = have/get something done) a Applicants must return this form by 21st March → This form

b They saw him walking with his friend before he got lost → He

c You don’t need to wash the car today → The car

d Kay's questions began to irritate Malcolm → Malcolm

e People think that someone started the fire deliberately → It is

f He’s getting someone to mend the window → He’s having

Đáp án câu a: This form must be returned by 21st March câu b: He was seen walking with his friend before he got lost câu c: The car doesn’t need to be washed today câu d: Malcohm began to be irritated by Kay’s question câu e: It is thought that someone started the fire deliberately./ that the fire was started deliberately câu f: He’s having the window mended / He’s having someone mend the window. 2.3 Viết lại dạng so sánh bằng, so sánh hơn, kém hơn (more ≠ less), so sánh nhất (most ≠ least) Các từ bổ nghĩa cho so sánh hơn: much = far = a lot = a good deal / a bit = a little Bổ nghĩa cho so sánh nhất dùng by far This chair is a bit/ a little much/ far a lot quite a lot cheaper more comfortable than that one than that one This chair is as nearly as not as / so not nearly as twice/ three times as cheap comfortable as that one as that one. It’s by far the most expensive car in the world. a Tom speaks more persuasively than Bill → Bill

b That’s the worst film I’ve ever seen → I’ve never

c He knows a lot more about information technology than I do → I don’t

d If you exercise regularly, you will get fitter → The more

Đáp án câu a: Bill doesn’t speak as persuasively as Tom / Bill speak less persuasively than Tom.

câu b: I’ve never seen such a bad film./ I’ve never seen a worse film than that

câu c: I don’t know as much about information technology as he does

câu d: The more regularly you exercise, the fitter you will get.

2.4 Viết lại dạng chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu tường thuật (direct speech  reported speech)

Lưu ý phân biệt loại câu để sử dụng động từ thường thuật phù hợp; thay đổi về thì của động từ v.v

- Câu kể (statements) thường dùng động từ said, told somebody, claimed, announced - Phân biệt câu hỏi Yes-No questions với Wh-questions; dùng động từ asked, wondered, wanted to know - Phân biệt lời mời; lời khuyên; lời ngỏ ý; đề nghị, yêu cầu; gợi ý, rũ rê; hứa; đe dọa; phê bình; cảnh báo; lời khiển trách; xin lỗi; buộc tội; thú nhận; phủ nhận, chối; từ chối; đồng ý; phản đối

a “Will I ever find a job?” Tim said to himself → Tim wondered

b “I’m sorry I gave you the wrong number,” said Paul to Susan → Paul apologised

c “John, please don’t tell anyone my new address,” said Mary → Mary asked

d “I'll fire you if you are late for work again.” her boss said → Her boss threatened

e “You broke my CD player, didn’t you, Tom!” → Liz accused

f “All right, it’s true, I was nervous.” → The leading actor admitted that

Đáp án câu a: Tim wondered whether / if he would ever find a job câu b: Paul apologised to Susan for giving her the wrong number câu c: Mary asked John not to tell anyone her new address câu d: Her boss threatened to fire her if she was late for work again câu e: Liz accused Tom of breaking her CD player câu f: The leading actor admitted that he had been nervous 2.5 Viết lại dạng chuyển đổi từ SO THAT sang SUCH THAT và ngược lại so + adjective/adverb + that + S + V (quá đến nổi )

 such + (a/an) + adjective + NOUN + that + S + V (a/an không đi với dtừ không đếm được và dtừ số nhiều) a The restaurant is so dirty that no one wants to eat there → It is

b This furniture is so old that it is not worth keeping → This is

c It was such rotten meat that it had to be thrown away → The meat was

d It was such a low bridge that the bus couldn’t go under it → The bridge

Đáp án câu a: It is such a dirty restaurant that no one wants to eat there câu b: This is such old furniture that it is not worth keeping câu c: The meat was so rotten that it had to be thrown away câu d: The bridge was so low that the bus couldn’t go under it 2.6 Viết lại dạng: too + adjective (for somebody) + to-infinitive quá (ai đó) không thể

 so + adjective + that + S + (can’t/couldn’t) + infinitive (a/an không đi với dtừ không đếm được và dtừ số nhiều) too + adjective (for somebody) + to-infinitive quá (ai đó) không thể

 not + opposite adjective + enough (for sb) + to-infinitive không đủ để

a He is too young to join the club. → He isn’t

b The furniture was so expensive that I didn’t buy it → The furniture was too

c The class was cancelled because there weren’t enough students → There were so

d It was so late that nothing could be done → It was too

Đáp án câu a: He isn’t old enough to join the club câu b: The furniture was too expensive for me to buy câu c: There were so few students that the class was cancelled câu d: It was too late to do anything. 2.7 Viết lại dạng câu điều kiện; câu diễn đạt ước muốn (wish) Cần nắm vững các từ nối mở đầu mệnh đề điều kiện if, unless, so long as, providing that, provided that; các trường hợp ẩn từ nối IF và đọc kỹ tình huống để quyết định viết lại thành câu điều kiện loại 1, 2 hay 3 a Take a taxi or you’ll miss your train → If

b I don’t know her number so I can’t phone her → If

c I didn’t know her number so I couldn’t phone her → If

d If you work hard, you’ll pass your exam → Unless Đáp án câu a: If you don’t take a taxi, you’ll miss your train (Điều kiện loại 1)

câu b: If I knew her number, I could/would phone her (Điều kiện loại 2)

câu c: If I had known her number, I could/would have phoned her (Điều kiện loại 3)

câu d: Unless you work hard, you won’t pass your exam (Unless = If not)

(= If you don’t work hard,)

2.8 Viết lại dạng chuyển đổi từ mệnh đề thành cụm từ và ngược lại Thường gặp với:

ALTHOUGH, THOUGH, EVEN THOUGH ↔ DESPITE, IN SPITE OF;

BECAUSE, AS, SINCE ↔ BECAUSE OF, DUE TO, OWING TO

a Everyone loves her because she behaves well → Because of

b Because his mother was there, I said nothing about it → Because of

c Though he was inexperienced, he got a good salary → Despite

d Despite living in the same street, we hardly ever see each other → Though

Đáp án câu a: Because of her good behaviour, everyone loves her / câu b: Because of his mother’s being there, I said nothing about it / câu c: Despite his inexperience, he got a good salary / câu d: Though we live / are living in the same street, we hardly ever see each other 2.9 Viết lại dạng mệnh đề chỉ mục đích S + V + so that/in order that + S + can/could/would + V(infinitive)  in order to / so as to

a We left quietly so that we couldn’t disturb the children → So as

b The shop provides baskets for the customers to put their purchases in → The shop provides baskets so that

Đáp án câu a: So as not to disturb the children, we left quietly câu b: The shop provides baskets so that the customers can put their purchases in it c Jane gave up smoking because she wanted to save money ORDER → Jane

d I picked up the vase carefully so as not to break it WOULDN’T → I

Đáp án câu c: Jane gave up smoking in order to save money câu d: I picked up the vase carefully so that I wouldn’t break it 2.10 Viết lại dạng câu chẻ (cleft sentences), mệnh đề quan hệ (relative clause) a I work in a factory which has more than a thousand employees → There

b I was given the message by someone wearing a brown jacket → The person

c My secretary sent the bill to Mr Harding yesterday → It was my

d Shirley didn’t begin to read until she was eight → It wasn’t

Đáp án câu a: There are more than a thousand employees in the factory where I work câu b: The person who gave me the message was wearing a brown jacket The person who was wearing a brown jacket gave me the message câu c: It was my secretary that/who sent the bill to Mr Harding yesterday câu d: It wasn’t until she was eight that Shirley begin to read e That’s the restaurant where we had lunch last Saturday in That’s the restaurant last Saturday f The concert which Ben took me to wasn’t very enjoyable went I didn’t enjoy to with Ben Đáp án câu e: in which we had lunch Đáp án câu f: the concert I went 2.11 Viết lại dạng đảo ngữ (inversion) a If you are interested in our offer, please contact us → Should you

b She didn't realize that she had lost her purse until she got home → Not until

c She had hardly begun to speak when people started interrupting her → No sooner

d Her grief was so great that she almost fainted → So

Đáp án câu a: Should you be interested in our offer, please contact us.

câu b: Not until she got home did she realize that she had lost her purse.

câu c: No sooner had she begun to speak than people started interrupting her.

câu d: So great was her grief that she almost fainted.

2.12 Viết lại dạng dùng động từ kép (phrasal verbs), cụm từ, thành ngữ có nghĩa tương đương

a I hate to get up in the dark stand → I in the dark

b The shop usually opens ten minutes late tends → The shop ten minutes late

c The police continued to watch the house carried → The police the house.

d It was difficult for us to finish the work had → We the work Đáp án câu a: can’t stand getting up / câu b: tends to open / câu c: carried on watching /

câu d: had difficulty (in) finishing

Exercise 1 Finish the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first.

1 Julia has been working for this company for six years

Julia started

2 Although Robert wasn't feeling well, he went to work

Despite

3 I can't understand him because he speaks so quickly

If he

4 It was such an awful meal that we complained to the waiter

The meal

5 I suggest we have a coffee break

What

6 I regret not staying on at college to take my finals

I wish

7 Margaret plays much more skillfully than Tony

Tony doesn't

8 We'll have to leave without him if he doesn't arrive soon

Unless

9 People say this restaurant is the best in town

This restaurant

10 I left work early to avoid getting held up in the rush-hour traffic

I left work early so

Exercise 2 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentences

Do not change the word given You must use between two and five words, including the word given.

The bread to eat

2 I can’t possibly work in all this noise! impossible

It work in all this noise!

3 The thief suddenly realized that the police were watching him watched

The thief suddenly realized that he by the police

4 I haven’t eaten food like this before time → This is the this sort of food

5 Can you tell me what she looks like? describe

Can me?

6 “Could I borrow five pounds from you, Rose?” asked Nick lend

Nick asked Rose if five pounds

7 Although I warned them not to climb that tree, they did warning

In spite of tree

I got lost the area well

9 Would you like to go for a walk? fancy → Do you a walk?

10 I wish I hadn't sold my bike regret → I my bike

Exercise 3 Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it.

1 Do you understand the rules of reported speech?

He asked me

2 This is the first time I've been to an all-night party

I've never

3 It's difficult for older people to learn a language

Older people have

4 We stayed in this hotel

This is

5 The last time I saw Jim was at Stephen’s party

I haven’t

6 If you drive faster, it is more dangerous

The

7 Please don't leave all the lights on, it's very annoying

I wish you

8 Do you know the height of that building?

Do you know how

9 Although Sue felt tired, she stayed up late talking to Jill

Despite

10 It's ages since I saw a good cowboy film

I haven't

Exercise 4 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentences

Do not change the word given You must use between two and five words, including the word given.

The accident tourists

2 I can't describe people as well as you can better

You're I am

3 “Where have I left my sunglasses, David?” asked Susan where

Susan asked David sunglasses

I was annoyed by the at the party

5 Somebody has to pick the visitors up from the airport up

The visitors from the airport

6 She is trying to find a way not to meet her ex-boyfriend avoid

She is trying to find a way her ex-boyfriend

7 They say that this building is nearly 2000 years old said

This building nearly 2000 years old

Michael said that any money

9 It's a pity she was ill during the holiday wish

I ill during the holiday

10 People don’t like her because she doesn’t tell the truth would

If she like her

Exercise 5 Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it.

1 He was such a fast driver that he frightened us

He drove

2 He remembered the story and so did she

He didn't

3 "Go home at once, John" she said

She told

4 Helen can play the piano better than Elizabeth

Elizabeth

5 It would be a good idea if you went and asked her yourself

You'd

6 “How old do you think this house is?”

“When do you think

7 The first May Day meeting was held in America

America is the country

8 You won’t find any accommodation if you don’t book it in advance.

Unless

9 Did you manage to solve the problem?

Did you succeed

10 I’ve never seen such a boring film

It’s

Exercise 6 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentences

Do not change the word given You must use between two and five words, including the word given.

1 “Don’t open that window, Daniel!” said the teacher not

The teacher told Daniel the window

2 He didn't feel very well but he went to work spite

He went to work very well

Michael wanted to raining

4 It isn't necessary for anyone to work late tonight has

Tonight work late

I exactly what I’m thinking

Are a house?

7 I couldn’t go to work because of the bad weather prevented

I to work by the bead weather

8 She doesn’t know the answer, so she can’t tell you could

If she tell you

9 “Don’t be late again!” the teacher said to me asked

The teacher late

The shop ten minutes late

Exercise 7 Rewrite each of the following sentences so that it has exactly the same meaning as the one printed before it

1 Do you have any books which are cheaper than these ones?

Are they ?

2 It was dinner time when my uncle in the USA phoned

I was

3 David can’t jog in this freezing weather

It’s impossible

4 This region had old buildings, but none can be found nowadays

There used

5 Despite his illness, he went to the station to see his friends off

Even though

6 “Let’s go for a walk in the park” said Andrew

Andrew suggested that

7 I applied for the job but was turned down

My

8 I do not intend to tell you my plans

I have

9 It is expected that he will come on time

He

10 “I’m sorry I gave you the wrong number,” said Paul to Susan

Paul apologized

Exercise 8 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentences

Do not change the word given You must use between two and five words, including the word given.

1 I find Robert's taste in music very hard to tolerate put

I find it hard Robert's taste in music

I waiting for buses

3 It’s very difficult to predict the weather here tends

The weather unpredictable here

4 People say learning lists of words is not a good use of time waste

Learning lists of words is of time

5 Christine complained formally when her course of study was cancelled made

Christine when her course of study was cancelled

6 I shut the door so that nobody would hear what I was saying prevent

I shut the door what I was saying

Mark his old motorbike

8 “If you take my advice, Paul,” said Lynda, “you should buy a personal computer.” advised

Lynda a personal computer

9 Please make sure that I remember to phone Sally later remind

Please Sally later

10 Golf is becoming increasingly popular in Britain popularity

The in Britain

I yesterday

12 The old house will need a thorough redecoration before you can live in it have

The old house redecorated before you can live in it

13 Unless you promise to get back in time for lunch, you can't borrow the car long

You can borrow the car to be back in time for lunch

14 Paula never succeeded in getting her homework done on time able

Paula was her homework done on time

Sarah is than Carrie

16 It was necessary to follow the instructions exactly had

The instructions exactly

17 It may be dark when you get back, so take a torch with you case

Take a torch with you dark when you get back

18 This old car probably won't last for more than a year unlikely

This old car for more than one year

19 It isn't easy for Daniel to get up before the sun rises difficulty

Daniel up before the sun rises

20 David remembered to take everything except his front door key forgot

The only thing which his front door key

21 Mrs Parker expressed her thanks for all the help she'd received grateful

Mrs Parker said that all the help she'd received

22 Not many people read magazines about stamp collecting these days widely

Magazines about stamp collecting these days

23 John will only answer if you ring the doorbell twice unless

John you ring the doorbell twice

Phil couldn't he was too tired

25 Trevor decided to wait and only book his flight at the last minute put

Trevor decided his flight until the last minute

26 I continued with my plans for the holiday despite her objections carried

I for the holiday despite her objections

27 I used to play video games, but I haven’t played one for months gave

I video games months ago

28 I took the lift so that I wouldn’t have to climb up all the stairs save

To all the stairs, I took the lift

Exercise 9 Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it.

1 I think the owner of the house is abroad

The owner

2 “Don’t leave the house until I get back, William,” his mother said

William’s mother

3 She’s a slower and more careful driver than I am

She drives

4 Mr Mills lost his job because he was late every day

If Mr Mills

5 Maria didn’t apply for the job in the library and regrets it now

Maria wishes

6 The bridge was so low that the bus couldn’t go under it

It was

7 In spite of taking a taxi, Bill arrived late for the concert

Although

8 I think you should put a better lock on the door

You had

9 It was careless of you to leave the windows open last night

You shouldn’t

10 Immediately after his arrival, thing went wrong

No sooner

Exercise 10 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentences

Do not change the word given You must use between two and five words, including the word given.

I really repaired soon

How , Jimmy?

3 I could never have succeeded without your help you

I could never have succeeded me

4 Dr Atherton finally succeeded in discovering the secret formula managed

Dr Atherton finally the secret formula

5 John never takes any notice of what his children say attention

John never what his children say

6 “Do you know the way to the Italian restaurant?” Julie asked Maria where

Julia asked Maria the Italian restaurant was

7 Harry couldn’t get his parents’ permission to buy a motorbike let

Harry’s parents a motorbike

8 When Mary wanted a new car, she had to save up for a year Mary

It save up to buy a car

9 The film I saw last week was better than this one good

This film the one I saw last week

This is the seen

Exercise 11 Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it.

1 They have sold that old house at the end of the road

That old house

2 “Bring your swimming things in case it’s sunny.”

He told

3 Janet is the best tennis-player in the club

No one

4 Unless he phones immediately, he won’t get any information

If

5 The children couldn’t go swimming because the sea was very rough

The sea was too

6 Although he didn’t speak Dutch, Bob decided to settle in Amsterdam

In spite

7 I’m sorry I was so rude to you yesterday

I apologize

8 Please let me know your decision today, not tomorrow

I’d prefer

9 You remembered to lock the front door, didn’t you?

You didn’t

10 The flight from Ha Noi to Ho Chi Minh City lasts about two hours

It takes

Exercise 12 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentences

Do not change the word given You must use between two and five words, including the word given.

1 “Is there anything you want from the shop?” Alison asked her mother there

Alison asked her mother if from the shop

2 Sally might not bring her camera to the party, so I’ll take mine in

I’ll take my camera to the party bring hers

3 I advise you to think carefully before accepting William’s offer better

You carefully before accepting William’s offer

The last two months ago

5 Have you got any desks in stock which are cheaper than this? desk

Is this in stock?

6 Teams of experts were examining the damage to the building examined

The damage to the building teams of experts

7 The rent for this flat is more expensive than I had expected as

The rent for this flat is I had expected

8 I won’t lend you my skirt unless you promise to look after it if

I won’t lend you my skirt promise to look after it

I didn’t feel hungry, dinner

10 Carmen regretted not visiting her grandmother more while she was alive wished

Carmen her grandmother more while she was alive

Exercise 13 Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it.

1 It’s impossible to cross the road because of the traffic

The traffic makes

2 Carol has no difficulty making friends

Carol finds it

3 It was such a boring film that we left before the end

The film

4 Don’t hesitate to ask for help no matter what difficulties you meet with

Whatever

5 Without your help, I couldn’t have finished the work on time

If it