OMISSION OF RELATIVE PRONOUNS GRAMMAR: Các đại từ quan hệ có chức năng tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định đều có thể lược bỏ. Ex: 1. Do you know the boy ? We met him yesterday ⇒Do you know the boy whom we met yesterday? ⇒Do you know the boy we met yesterday? 2.That’s the house . I have bought it last Sunday ⇒That’s the house which I have bought last Sunday ⇒That’s the house I have bought last Sunday -Tuy nhiên các đại từ quan hệ có chức năng tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định KHÔNG thể lược bỏ. Ex: - Mr Tom , whom I spoke on the phone to , is very interested in our plan. - The song to which you are listening is very good . - The girl about whom I told you is living next to my house. - The boy who has just cme from London is my cousin. PRACTICE: I.Combine the two sentences into one.Leave out the relative pronouns Example: Have you found the keys? You lost them. à Have you found the keys (which / that) you lost 1. I like the dress. Trang is wearing it. ………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. The fish was really delicious. We had it for dinner. ………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. We stayed at a hotel. Peter recommended it. ………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. The film was interesting. I watched it on TV last night. ………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. The flat was very old. My family used to live in it. ………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. The birthday party was too noisy. We went to it. ………………………………………………………………………………………… 7. Who was that boy? You was with him this morning. ………………………………………………………………………………………… 8. I don’t like tie. John is wearing it. ………………………………………………………………………………………… 9. The train was full of passengers and goods. We travelled on it. ………………………………………………………………………………………… 10. The church is 200 years old. Our class visited it. ………………………………………………………………………………………… III/ REDUCE OR OMISSION 11. He works in a company that makes car. →……………………………………………………………………. 12. What was the name of the man who you met yesterday? →…………………………………………………………………… 13. The table that was broken has now been repaired. →……………………………………………………………………. 14. The manager who I wanted to see was away on holiday. →…………………………………………………………………… 15. The window that was broken has now been repaired. →……………………………………………………………………. 16. Where are the eggs that were in the fridge. →……………………………………………………………………. 17. The book is about a young girl who runs away from home. →………………………………………………………………… 18. Is there anything that I can do? →………………………………………………………… II. Tick ( √ ) the sentences in which the relative pronouns can be omitted. Example: √ Is this the car that the police are looking for? ___1. Everything that happened was my fault. ___2. Is there anything that I can do? ___3. The window that was broken has now been repaired. ___4. Where are the eggs that were in the fridge? ___5. The play that we saw last week was boring. ___6. The young man who I sat next to on the bus talked all the time. ___7. Do you know the girl who Tom is talking to? ___8. Linda works for a company that makes computers. ___9. The book about the young girl who runs away from home. ___10. He is getting on well with Mary, who he met last month. ___11. That’s the company for which Lan is working. ___12. The man who helped me to finish that work was my neighbour. CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER : 1. Do you know the man about ____ they’re talking? A. whom B. where C. that D. who 2. Where is the girl ____ sells tickets? A. who B. whose C. whom D. A&C are correct 3. I need to find a painting ____ will match the rest of my room. A. W B. whom C. who D. which 4. What’s the music to ____ you are listening? A. whose B. which C. whom D. that 5. This is Mr Jones, with ____ I have worked. A. which B. who C. whom D. B&C are correct 6. The man ____ she is married to is an engineer. A. W B. who C. whom D. all are correct 7. I cannot talk to Mary, ____ you met last summer. A. which B. All are correct C. that D. whom 8. I can answer the questions ____ are very difficult. A. which B. whom C. who D. W 9. This is Mr Jones, with ____ I have worked. A. which B. W C. whom D. B&C 10. This school is only for children ____ are in this village. A. who B. that C. which D. A & B 11. Tom, next to ____ I sat in the flight from Chicago to HCM city. A. that B. whom C. which D. W 12. Have you found the bike A. which you lost? B. you lost? C. that you lost? D.all are correct GV : Nguyễn Ngọc Minh Lý BÀI TẬP LỚP 11(2010- 2011) 1 13.The beef…………………… was really delicious. A.which we had for lunch B.we had it for lunch C. A-D D. we had for lunch 14 The little girl has gone. I borrowed this pen from her. A. The little girl from whom I borrowed this pen has gone. B. The little girl from which I borrowed this pen has gone. C. The little girl from I borrowed this pen has gone. D. The little girl, from whom I borrowed this pen, has gone. 15. I will read the book____________________________. A. which you gave me it last month. B. you gave me last month. C. that you gave me it last month. D. you gave me it last month. 16. I like Paris, A. in which my sister is living B. which my sister is living in C. in that my sister is living D. A and B 17.I like the ring A. Mary is wearing B. which Mary is wearing C. A-B D. which Mary’s wearing it 18. The short stories (which/ that/ X / all are correct) John tells are very funny. 19. The dictionary I bought it yesterday is expensive. A B C D 20. I did not like the man whom we met him this morning A B C D 21. The dinner party we went to it was not very enjoyable. A B C D 22. Mr Smith, (who/whom/which/that) is only 34, is the director of this company 23. The music to (that /which/ what/ Ø) we are listening is interesting 24. Tom is the one ( that / which / whose /who) I miss most 25. Do get on with the person (who /which/ whose/whom) lives next door 26. I must thank the man from (whose/ which/ that/ whom) I got the present. 27. Do you like the person(who/whom/which/whose) sits next to you? Cleft sentences * Note: Câu tách/ chẻ (cleft sentences) được dùng để nhấn mạnh một thành phần trong câu ( S, O, Adv). Những câu trên được gọi là câu tách vì từ một câu gốc ta có thể tách thành 2 mệnh đề . * Structure: It + is/was + focus(S, O, Adv)+relative pronouns (who / that) 1. Subject focus: (Nhấn mạnh chủ ngữ) It + is/was + S + that/who + V + … - Để nhấn mạnh chủ ngữ ta đưa chủ ngữ vào giữa It is/ was và that - Khi nhấn mạnh chủ ngữ ta có thể dùng who (cho người) / that Ex 1: Tom likes playing football. " It is Tom who/ that likes playing football. Ex 2. Daisy washes clothes every day ð It is Daisy who/that washes clothes every day 2. Object focus: (Nhấn mạnh tân ngữ) It+ is/ was+ O+ that/ who(m) + S+ V ……… - Để nhấn mạnh tân ngữ ta đưa tân ngữ vào giữa It is/ was và that - Khi nhấn mạnh tân ngữ that thường được sử dụng nhiều hơn . Ex 1: The woman gave him the book . " It was the book that the woman gave him Ex 2. The girl saw the cat in the garden ð It was in the garden that the girl saw the cat 3. She presented him a book on his birthday ðIt was on his birthday that she presented him a book Rewrite the following sentences; using Cleft sentences 1.The boy visited his uncle last month. @ 2. My mother bought me a present on my birthday. @ 3. Huong and Sandra sang together at the party. @ 4. Nam’s father got angry with him. @ 5. The boys played football all day long. @ 6. The girl received a letter from her friend yesterday. @ 7. His presence at the meeting frightened the children. @ 8. The man is learning English. @ 9. The woman gave him the book @ 10. She sent her friend the postcard. @ 11. Hoa borrowed the book from Long. @ 12. The little boy greeted his grandfather in a strnge language. @ 13. The pedestrian asked the policeman a lot of questions. @ 14. The dog barked at the stranger. @ 15. She made some cakes for tea. @ 16. His father repaired the bicycle for him. @ 17. She presented him a book on his birthday. @ 18. He met his wife in Britain. @ 19. She bought that present from the shop. @ 20. The meeting started at 8.00 a.m. @ GV : Nguyễn Ngọc Minh Lý BÀI TẬP LỚP 11(2010- 2011) 2 23. Monday was the day on(which/when/that/then) he left 24. The Olympic games (held/to be held/which hold/holding) in Sydney in 2000 were exciting 25. The last student (asks/to be asked/asking/to ask) the question was George 26. The car (stealing/to steal/stolen/to be stolen) yesterday has been found 27. English is the language (which is spoken/ spoken/speak/ A and B) all over the world. 28. If the resource can be replaced quickly, it is called (nonrenewable/ limited/ clean/ renewable) 29. (nuclear power/wind power/solar energy/water energy) is not only plentiful and infinite but also clean and safe 30. The song (to which/to that/which /whose) we listened last night was very interesting 31.She tries to (protecting/protection/protected/protect) herself from the wind 32. I met Jane’s father, (that/which/who/whom) works at the university 33. This is the table (which/whose/that/ it) leg was broken. VII. Put brackets around the underlined relative pronoun if it can be omitted from these sentences. 1. We talked about the party which Sarah wants to organize for my birthday. 2. To get to Frank's house, take the main road that bypasses the village. 3. The paintings , which Mr Flowers has in his house are worth around £100,000. 4. Let's go through the main points that he made in his lecture. 5. He received a low mark for his essay, which was only one page long. 6. Mrs Richmond, who you met at the meeting yesterday, works in television. 7. Don is a friend who we stayed with in Australia. 8. In the shop window there's a sign that says 'Ten per cent off. 9. The couple who live next to us have sixteen grandchildren. 10. There was little that we could do to help her. Relative pronouns II/ COMBINE 1 The house is not in good condition. We are living in it. →……………………………………………………………………. 2 I was not interested in the things .They were talking about them. →……………………………………………………………………. 3 He did not get the job .He applied for it. →……………………………………………………………………. 4 The bed was very modern. I slept in it. →……………………………………………………………………. 5 Are these keys? you are looking for them. →……………………………………………………………………. 6 The girl is from Britain . We are going to see her. →……………………………………………………………………. 7 Do you know the girl ?He is talking to her. →……………………………………………………………………. 8 This is the novel. I have been expecting it. →……………………………………………………………………. 9 The play was boring. we saw it last week. →……………………………………………………………………. 10 The young man talked all the time. I sat next to him on the bus. →……………………………………………………………………. CLEFT SENTENCES Rewrite these sentences to focus attention on the underlined information start with “it + be ” 1. They wish to speak to Tom 2. This blue bus pass my house every hour. 3. They help their father do everything in this house. 4. We change planes at Heathrow. 5. You watched too much TV last Sunday 6. Tom and Nancy worry too much. 7. I cash a cheque every month. 8. I always carry an umbrella. I don’t carry a hand-fan 9. They wash the floor every week. 10. His sons go to the local school. 11. These hens lay brown eggs. 12. These figures astonish me. 13. The rivers freeze in the winter. 14. They fly from London to Edinburgh. 15. The carpets match the curtains. 16. their children realize danger. 17. She likes to work, she didn’t like to swim in the river. 18. Tommy teaches his boy to ride. 19. Ann did not wear her new dress at my wedding party 20. The aero plane flew at 2,000 meters. 21. Henry cleaned these shoes for. 22. you haven’t mended that old shirt 23. Did I tell this truth? 1. the dangerous chemical from the industrial zones killed trees and animals. 2. Mrs. Jones sweeps the steps outside her house. 3. We first heard the news from Tom and peter 4. The countryside is most spectacular in spring. 5. I have just seen my form teacher, I didn’t see the headmaster. 6. Napoleon was finally defeated in Waterloo. 7. Susan helped me with my English, Marie didn’t Change the sentences into cleft sentences in the passive. 1. Fans gave Christina lots of flowers. @ 2. The pedestrian asked the policeman for direction to the post office. @ 3. People talked a lot about his house. @ 4. His father bought him a bicycle for his birthday. @ 5. He described his hometown in his novel. @ 6. She frightened the children. GV : Nguyễn Ngọc Minh Lý BÀI TẬP LỚP 11(2010- 2011) 3 @ 7. Her younger sister broke her glasses. @ 8. The prince kissed my younger sister at the party. @ 9. My father gave me this story book as a birthday present. @ 10. Vietnamese people celebrate Tet as the greatest occasion in a year. @ GV : Nguyễn Ngọc Minh Lý BÀI TẬP LỚP 11(2010- 2011) 4 . REDUCE OR OMISSION 11. He works in a company that makes car. →……………………………………………………………………. 12. What was the name of the man who you met yesterday? →…………………………………………………………………… 13. The table that. B. you lost? C. that you lost? D.all are correct GV : Nguyễn Ngọc Minh Lý BÀI TẬP LỚP 11( 2010- 2 011) 1 13. The beef…………………… was really delicious. A.which we had for lunch B.we had it for lunch C children. @ 8. The man is learning English. @ 9. The woman gave him the book @ 10. She sent her friend the postcard. @ 11. Hoa borrowed the book from Long. @ 12. The little boy greeted his