Bài giảng translation 2

1 NHA TRANG UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES DEPARTMENT OF TRANSLATION & INTERPRETATION TRANSLATION 2 COMPILED BY Ms. NGUYỄN THỊ KIỆP, M.A August, 2011 2 LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE STYLES AND LINGUISTIC LEVELS IN TRANSLATION Styles play an important role in translation and strongly affect the second language meaning. Due to the context, text-type and audience, the levels of language in translation can be different - the informal language used in informal situations ; colloquial used in spoken language; familiar language used among friends, relatives, members in a family; formal language used in formal texts such as speeches in conference, legal documents, business letter and documents, research papers. The examples given below clearly indicate that the same massage could be expressed in different styles.( Look at 1,2 & 3; 4&5; 6&7 ) 1. Drop me a line. ( informal ) 2. Remember to write me a letter. ( neutral ) 3. I look forward to your letter. ( informal ) 4. They can escape from family supervision. ( formal) 5. Their parents can’t keep an eye on them. (colloquial) 6. They are completely armed. ( formal) 7. They are armed to teeth. ( colloquial) Notes: Style error is an acute problem to the translators. There are translators who did not master the difference when using various styles such as conversational, academic, scientific, literary styles. Many translators failed when coming across the unfamiliar styles due to being unaware of degrees of formality (informal or formal style), usage of vocabulary (informal, colloquial, and formal) These are some style errors taken out from some Vietnamese- English translations. 1. Nếu chúng tôi đặt hàng với số lượng lớn, liệu doanh nghiệp anh có bán với giá rẻ không? If we place substantial orders, can your enterprise get us with soft price? It is impossible to use informal style in a business letter. Instead of using “soft price” , the translator should use “cheaper price”. 2. Thời tiết ở Hà nội không thích hợp cho người già. Mùa hè trời nóng như thiêu đốt, trong khi mùa đông lạnh đến xương tủy. The weather in Hanoi is not favorable for the old. It is burning hot in summer while it chills to the bones in winter. It is impossible to use informal style to translate a formal text. Instead of using “burning hot” , the translator should use “exceedingly hot”. 3 LESSON 2: LINGUISTIC LEVELS 1. Formality For example: Mr. and Mrs. Jones request the pleasure of the company of Mr. and Mrs. Williams at dinner on Saturday, October 16 th , at 7 o’clock. 13411 Wells Rivers Dr. Houston, TX. Friday, October 1 st . R.S.V.P 2. Informality + Example 1: Dear Mrs. Brown, The girls have persuaded me to arrange a little dance for them during the Christmas holidays, and we plan to have it on Friday the 17 th . Will you and your daughters and your older boy give us the pleasure of your company on that evening at eight o’clock? We should like to see your husband also, but I seem to remember he doesn’t care for dancing; still if you can persuade him to come, we should be very pleased. Yours Mary + Example 2: - Biết được hai bạn vừa tổ chức đính hôn, nên tôi viết mấy dòng này chúc mừng ngay. - Tôi rất vui được biết hai bạn vừa tổ chức đính hôn nên rất nóng lòng muốn chúc mừng hai bạn ngay. Notes: - knowing of / that… / hearing of - to be engaged - engagement (n) - hasten to send you…. 3. Literary style Example 1: Charles Dickens is one of the world’s greatest novelists. He belongs to the brilliant school of 19 th century critical realists. What we value most in Dickens’s works is his criticism of the English bourgeois society of his time with its evils and contrasts of wealth and poverty. The world he describes is that of the middle and lower classes particularly of London. . Notes: - belong to the brilliant school: - thuộc trường phái - critical realist : - hiện thực phê phán - criticism (n) : - sự phê phán - evil (n) : - tội ác - bourgeois society : - xã hội tư bản - class : - giai cấp 4 Example 2: FISHING FOR JASMINE By John Ravenscroft The silent young woman in bed number six is called Jasmine. So am I, but names are only superficial things, floats bobbing on the surface of the water, and we share deeper connections than that. Which is why she fascinates me- why I spend my off-duty time sitting beside her. Today is difficult. The ward heaves with patients and I am kept busy emptying bed- pans, filling out forms, changing dressings. Finally, late in the afternoon, I get a few moments to make coffee, to take it over to the orange plastic chair beside her bed. I am thankful to be off my feet, glad to be in her company once again. “ Hello, Jasmine,” I say as if greeting myself. She does not reply. Jasmine never replies. She is down too deep. Like me, she has been sea-damaged. I too am the daughter of a fisherman, so I bait my words like fish- hooks, cast them into her ears, imagine them sinking down through cold, dark water. Down to wherever she may be. “ I have little time today,” I tell her, touching her hair. With Jasmine, it is always difficult not to touch. She is that rare thing, a truly beautiful woman. Because of this, people invent reasons to walk by. I catch them looking, drinking her in, feeding on her. They are barracuda, all of them. Wheelchair- pushing porters who slow to a crawl when they near her bed. Roaming visitors with greedy eyes. Doctors who stop, draw the thin screen of curtain, and continually re- examine that which does not need examination. Great beauty is something Jasmine and I do not share. I am glad of it. “ Your father may be here soon,” I say. “ Last week he said he would come.” Jasmine says nothing. Her left eyelid flickers, perhaps. It is two months since the incident on her father’s fishing boat, since she fell overboard, sank, became entangled in the nets. It was some time before anyone noticed, then there was panic. Her father hauled her back on board and sailed for home. When he finally arrived, he carried ashore what he thought his daughter’s body. “ Jasmine,” I whisper. I want her to take our baited name. I want her to swallow it. Fortunately, there was a doctor in the village that morning, a young man visiting relatives. It was he who brought this drowned woman back from the brink, he who told me her story. She opened her eyes, he said, looked up at her father and spoke a single word – then sank again, this time into coma. Barracuda. That is what Jasmine said. When her father visits, he touches her hair, kisses her cheek, sits in the orange plastic chair at the side of her bed and holds her hand. Like my own father, he has the big, brown, life- roughened hands of a fisherman. He too smells of the sea, and pretends he is a good, simple man. Jasmine. We share so much, we are almost one. I remember early mornings, my hair touched to wake me, my father lifting me half- asleep from my bed, carrying me, dropping me into his boat. His voice roughs in my 5 ear, his hands rough on my skin. I never wanted to go, but I was just a child. He did as he wished. I remember salt water, hot sun, my mother shrinking on the shore. I remember the rocking of the boat, the screams of the gulls. “ Jasmine, you have a life inside you. Can’t you hear it calling?” Nothing. The ward door bangs, and I see Jasmine’s father walking towards us, carrying flowers. He smiles at me. Even in death, my own child had my father’s smile, and Jasmine’s will have this man’s. I know it. He stops by her bed and touches her hair. Something stirs deep inside me. I watch Jasmine’s eyelids, waiting for her to bite. Notes: - superficial : hời hợt - to heave : ráng hết sức (để nâng hoặc kéo vật gì) - fish- hook : lưỡi câu - gull : hải âu 6 LESSON 3: STYLES 1. Spoken styles Example: Conversations W: Would it be OK if I took a few hours off next Friday? My parents are coming to visit and I need to pick them up at the airport. M: Yes, that should be fine. We do need to form a construction committee and start planning the company picnic next week, but there should be plenty of time for that. W: Thanks. I’ll be happy to work late on Thursday if necessary. 2. Science styles 2.1. Nature sciences Example 1: Cách điện là biện pháp ngăn ngừa sự dẫn điện bằng các vật làm bằng chất không dẫn điện. Notes: - to insulate / insulation (n) - measure of preventing - conduction : sự dẫn điện / non- conductor: chất không dẫn điện - semi- conduction : bán dẫn Example 2: Thống kê còn được xem là một phương pháp xử lý dữ liệu. Đó chính là một công cụ dùng để tập họp, sắp xếp và phân tích các dữ kiện về số. Notes: - to treat = to deal with : xử lý - data : dữ liệu - numerical facts : dữ kiện về số - statistics : thong ke Example 3: Special terminology Nếu 1 = a thì x bằng: Notes: bằng : equal x b tổng : the sum a. Tổng của a và b hiệu : the diference b. Hiệu của a và b tích : the product c. Tích của a và b thương : the quotient d. Thương của a và b e. Thương của b và a Example 4: Examination of the patient The patient’s eyes are first inspected in the daylight. The patient is seated in a chair, facing the window so that the illumination is uniform. A certain sequence should be observed in examination: the eyelids and the surrounding tissues are first inspected. Attention is paid to the width of the lid slit, angles of the eyelids, the positions of the eyelids, the conditions of lashes, etc. Notes: illumination (n) : ánh sáng sequence (n) : chuỗi hành động theo một trật tự riêng tissue (n) : mô eyelid : mí mắt slit (n) : khe hở 7 Example 5: Special terminology Today biotechnology is applied in various fields. In waste management, for example, biotechnology is used to create new biodegradable materials. One such material is made from the lactic acid produced during the bacterial fermentation of discarded corn stalks. When individual lactic acid molecules are joined chemically, they form a material that has the properties of plastics but is biodegradable. Widespread production of plastic from this material is expected to become more economically viable in the future. Notes: - biotechnology : công nghệ sinh học - biodegradable materials : những chất có thể tự phân hủy do vi khuẩn - lactic acid : a- xit lactic - molecule : phân tử - discarded corn stalk : thân cây ngô/ bắp thải bỏ Example 6: Special terminology Food additives are chemicals that are added to food in small amounts. Direct additives are added deliberately during processing to make food look and taste better, maintain or improve nutritive value, maintain freshness, and help in processing or preparation. Some additives help preserve food by preventing or slowing chemical changes and the growth of microorganisms in food. As many as 3,000 substances are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as direct additives. An additional 10,000 substances are present in foods as indirect additives. These substances enter food incidentally during handling or from processing equipment or packaging. Notes: Food additive : chất phụ gia thực phẩm chemical : hóa chất microorganism : vi khuẩn nutritive value : giá trị dinh dưỡng substance : chất Example 7: Special terminology Chemicals enter our food in various ways and for various reasons. Farmers use herbicides to kill weeds, pesticides to kill insects, fungicides to kill mold and fertilizers to promote growth. All of them are very harmful to health and also to the environment. After harvesting, most crops are subjected to further "post-harvest" chemical treatment in order to protect them from fungus. Japanese rice, for example, is sprayed with methyl bromide, which can cause mental disorders and speech impediments. Fresh fruits and vegetables are sprayed with sulfites, to which many people are allergic. Bananas, mangoes and other tropical fruit are sprayed with even more poisonous chemicals. Notes: - for various reasons : vì nhiều lý do - Herbicide : thuốc diệt cỏ - Fungicide : thuốc diệt nấm mốc - Fertilizer : phân bón - To be harmful to : có hại 8 - To be subjected to : chịu phải - Post-harvest treatment : xử lý sau thu hoạch - Fungus : nấm mốc - To spray : phun - Mental disorder : rối loạn thần kinh - Speech impediment : rối loạn ngôn ngữ - To be allergic : bị dị ứng 2.2. Social sciences Example 1. Để bảo vệ việc sản xuất trong nước, các nhà sản xuất trong nước đã đề nghị với chính phủ một số biện pháp. Thứ nhất, nhà nước nên có kế hoạch phát triển dành riêng cho việc đầu tư nước ngoài về lãnh vực kinh doanh và phân bố theo vùng địa lý và không nên khuyến khích đầu tư nước ngoài vào việc sản xuất ra các sản phẩm mà các doanh nghiệp trong nước có khả năng sản xuất được như nước giải khát, bột giặt, giấy và thuốc lá. Thứ hai, việc cấp giấy phép nên được áp dụng cho các công ty liên doanh hay các doanh nghiệp có vốn đầu tư nước ngoài tham gia vào các dự án đòi hỏi có nhiều vốn, công nghệ cao hay sản xuất các mặt hàng xuất khẩu. Thứ ba, là nên có một đạo luật chống đối việc cạnh tranh không lành mạnh có thể dẫn độc quyền kinh doanh, phá giá làm hại người tiêu dùng. Notes: - bảo vệ: defend/protect - kế hoạch phát triển: development plan - về lãnh vực: in the field of/ in terms of - việc cấp giấy phép: issue/grant licence - doanh nghiệp có vốn đầu tư nước ngoài: foreign-owned enterprise - độc quyền kinh doanh: monopoly - phá giá: dumping Example 2: Trong tiếng Việt, từ “nước” vừa có ý nghĩa là quốc gia, vừa có ý nghĩa là nước, một liên kết về ngôn ngữ mà mối ràng buộc càng thấy rõ ràng sau một chuyến đi thăm vùng đất phì nhiêu nhất Việt Nam: Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long. Do phù sa bồi đắp của dòng sông Cửu Long làm phong phú vựa lúa đầy ắp này, tượng trưng cho nguồn lương thực của cả nước cũng như phong cách sinh hoạt kề cận sông nước của cư dân trong vùng. Đối với du khách, Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long là một trong những địa chỉ tham quan đẹp nhất Đông Nam Á, kết hợp cái kỳ ảo của vùng sông nước lung linh với 9 cảnh quan đầy phấn khởi của một nền văn hoá vui tươi thể hiện qua cách sinh hoạt của dân địa phương cùng hoạt động thương mại. Trong khi những thành phố lớn như Cần Thơ, Mỹ Tho, Long Xuyên lập thành thế vững cho các tỉnh của Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long thì mạng lưới kênh rạch mênh mông lại là cái duyên có một không hai của vùng này. Sinh hoạt vui nhộn của vùng này không giống mấy với cách sinh hoạt của Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Tuy nhiên điều đó không có nghĩa là phải khó khăn lắm mới tới được Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long để thoát khỏi cái ồn ào náo nhiệt của thành phố lớn nhất Miền Nam này. Chỉ mất chừng ba giờ đồng hồ bằng xe đò trên Quốc lộ 1 là bạn là bạn đến Mỹ Tho, thủ phủ của tỉnh Tiền Giang và là điểm xuất phát tốt cho cuộc thăm dò vùng đồng bằng này. Notes: - có ý nghĩa: mean/signify/carry a meaning - liên kết về ngôn ngữ: linguistic association/relation/tie - thấy rõ ràng: recognizable - chuyến đi thăm: journey/visit - vùng đất phì nhiêu: rich/fertile land - Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long: The Mekong Delta - phù sa: silt - phong phú : ample/rich/diversified - vựa lúa: granary - tượng trưng: represent/symbolize - nguồn lương thực: source of food - phong cách sinh hoạt : lifestyle - kề cận sông nước: riverside - cư dân : inhabitant - kết hợp : in combination with/coupled with - cái kỳ ảo: marvel/miracle - vùng sông nước lung linh: glittering water - thể hiện: demonstrate /show / indicate /perform /express - hoạt động thương mại: commercial activity - lập thành thế vững: provide a vantage for - mạng lưới kênh rạch: network of rivers and canals 10 - cái duyên: great boon - có một không hai: second to none/unique - giống: be similar to / the same as/ like - thoát khỏi: escape - thủ phủ: capital city - điểm xuất phát: departure point Example 3: Although fertility rates in poor countries have declined in recent years, the UN has estimated that the world’s population should stabilize at approximately 10.2 billion people by the year 2100, when the number dying will match the number being born. This figure is two and a quarter times the present world population. A long-held and popular belief is that population growth in poor countries is the major cause of poverty. The “population explosion”, it is argued, is wiping out any economic development which the poor countries may achieve. The remedy to poverty is seen, therefore, to be increased birth control. This view has come under severe criticism by poor countries and their supporters in wealthy nations. They argue that large families and rapid population growth are consequences of poverty rather than its cause. Many of the poor consider a large family to be essential for survival in poor countries. In a society lacking social welfare payments, children are seen as a source of security in old age and when illness or unemployment strike. Children are also regarded as a means of bringing in additional income at an early age. In addition, because child mortality rates are high, a large family is considered necessary to ensure that at least one son survives to adulthood. Another argument is that employment opportunities and adequate social security schemes are the key to falling birth rates. Notes: - Fertility rate: tỷ lệ sinh đẻ - To decline: giảm xuống - To estimate: ước tính - It is estimated that… : Người ta ước tính rằng…… - To stabilize: làm ổn định - It is important to stabilize our population growth rates. - To match: sánh bằng - Worldly pleasures cannot match those joys. [...]... 1033S10 52 1033S1055 1033S1056 1033S 123 0 1033S 123 2 1113S10 02 1113S1003 1113S1007 1113S1008 1113S1011 1113S10 12 GIRL OVER SIZE T.SHIRT 20 0 $6.50 $1,300.00 30-Dec-10 GIRL OVER SIZE T.SHIRT 700 $4.90 $3,430.00 30-Dec-10 GIRL LONG TOP 840 $3 .20 $2, 688.00 30-Dec-10 1,000 $2. 95 $2, 950.00 30-Dec-10 GIRL TUBE TOP 720 $3.90 $2, 808.00 30-Dec-10 GIRL LONG TOP 464 $3 .20 $1,484.80 30-Dec-10 GIRL LONG TOP 420 $4.95 $2, 079.00... 1113S1017 1113S1 026 1113S 120 1 1113S 120 7 1113S 120 8 1113S 121 0 1113S 121 2 1113S 121 3 GIRL LONG SHIRT 600 $5.70 $3, 420 .00 30-Dec-10 GIRL LONG TANK TOP 360 $5.70 $2, 0 52. 00 30-Dec-10 GIRL LONG TUBE TOP 370 $7.00 $2, 590.00 30-Dec-10 GIRL LONG SHIRT 540 $4.60 $2, 484.00 30-Dec-10 GIRL LONG TANK TOP 310 $4.65 $1,441.50 30-Dec-10 GIRL TUNIKA 20 0 $8.00 $1,600.00 30-Dec-10 GIRL TUBE DRESS 25 0 $10.50 $2, 625 .00 30-Dec-10 GIRL... $6 .25 $2, 3 12. 50 30-Dec-10 GIRL LONG TANK TOP 420 $6.80 $2, 856.00 30-Dec-10 GIRL OVER SIZE SHIRT 400 $8.30 $3, 320 .00 30-Dec-10 GIRL LONG SHIRT 25 0 $7.50 $1,875.00 30-Dec-10 GIRL LONG TANK TOP 28 0 $7.60 $2, 128 .00 30-Dec-10 GIRL OVER SIZE SHIRT 26 0 $6.85 $1,781.00 30-Dec-10 GIRL OVER SIZE SHIRT 26 0 $8.00 $2, 080.00 30-Dec-10 GIRL LONG TANK TOP 21 1113S1013 1113S1014 1113S1015 1113S1016 1113S1017 1113S1 026 ... DESCRIPTION QUANTITY (PCS) 1013S10 02 1013S1004 1013S1051 1013S- U/PRICE AMOUNT (USD) (USD) DELIVERY GIRL TUBE TOP 600 $4.00 $2, 400.00 30-Dec-10 GIRL LONG T SHIRT 600 $3.65 $2, 190.00 30-Dec-10 1,360 $4.75 $6,460.00 30-Dec-10 450 $3.50 $1,575.00 30-Dec-10 GIRL OVER SIZE T.SHIRT GIRL LONG TOP 20 10 52 1013S1053 1013S1054 1013S1055 1013S1056 1013S1057 1013S1058 1013S1059 1013S 122 1 1013S 122 2 1033S1005 1033S1006 1033S1050... account No USD 24 0-67- 022 170 at party A’s advising bank : KISOO VINA CO LTD ADVISING BANK : BANK FOR FOREIGN TRADE OF VIET NAM, SONG THAN BRANCH (VIETCOMBANK) NO 01, TRUONG SON HIGHWAY, AN BINH VILLAGE, DI AN DIST., BINH DUONG PROVINCE, VIETNAM TEL : (08) 3 724 1 627 FAX : (08) 3 724 1498 22 ACCOUNT NO: 046.137.374 728 3 (USD) SWIFT CODE : BFTV VNVX 007 - CHIPS UID : CH343773 CIF NO : 26 78137 With following... khẩu hàng hóa đạt gần 96 ,2 triệu USD, tăng gấp 2, 5 lần so với cùng kì 20 09 Trong đó, có 2, 6 triệu USD sản phẩm đồ gỗ, tăng gần 60,8%; gần 8 triệu USD hàng dệt may, tăng 25 ,5%; 5.603 tấn hải sản các loại, tăng gần 20 ,3%; 11 tấn hạt điều, tăng gần 10,7%; hơn 2, 2 triệu USD thực phẩm chế biến khác, tăng 87,5% Tồn tỉnh Khánh Hòa nhập khẩu đạt 44 ,2 triệu USD, tăng 44,7% so với cùng kì 20 09 Trong đó, ngun phụ... thiểu 15,000 8.65 129 ,750.00 Cá Ghim tẩm gia vò (Loại A2) 11-13 13-16 16-19 Tối đa 9,000 8.15 73,350.00 Tên hàng 1/ 2/ Tổng cộng 24 ,000 Tổng số tiền (USD) 20 3,100.00 * Tổng số tiền : USD 20 3,100.00 (Hai trăm lẻ ba ngàn, một trăm Đô la Mỹ ) * Số lượng và số tiền nhiều hơn hoặc ít 10 % : chấp nhận Điều 2 : Chất lượng, đóng gói , kiểm hàng và cảng dỡ hàng 24 1- Chất lượng : Như mẫu 2- Đóng gói : ( Bên... 30-Dec-10 GIRL DRESS 550 $5.15 $2, 8 32. 50 30-Dec-10 GIRL T SHIRT 150 $3.90 $585.00 30-Dec-10 GIRL T SHIRT 350 $4.50 $1,575.00 30-Dec-10 GIRL OVER SIZE TANK TOP 20 0 $6.30 $1 ,26 0.00 30-Dec-10 GIRL OVER SIZE TOP 120 $8.50 $1, 020 .00 30-Dec-10 GIRL LONG TANK TOP 410 $4.50 $1,845.00 30-Dec-10 GIRL OVER SIZE TOP 380 $7 .20 $2, 736.00 30-Dec-10 GIRL OVER SIZE TANK TOP 480 $5.95 $2, 856.00 30-Dec-10 GIRL DRESS 690... signing date until Feb 20 , 20 11 This contract is made in 04 English originals with the same value, two of which will be kept by each party for further execution For the SELLER For the BUYER KISOO VINA CO., LTD JMS HANDELS GMBH & CO.KG 23 Example 2: Vietnamese- English translation HP ĐỒNG THƯƠNG MẠI -Số : 070610 Ngày : 07/06 /20 10 BÊN BÁN : CÔNG TY CỔ PHẦN ĐẠI THUẬN Đòa chỉ : 42 Củ Chi, tp Nha... $10.50 $2, 625 .00 30-Dec-10 GIRL NECK HOLDER DRESS 21 0 $6.50 $1,365.00 30-Dec-10 GIRL NECK HOLDER DRESS 300 $7 .20 $2, 160.00 30-Dec-10 GIRL DRESS 170 $7.10 $1 ,20 7.00 30-Dec-10 GIRL TUBE DRESS 170 $10.55 $1,793.50 30-Dec-10 GIRL DRESS 100 $9.00 $900.00 30-Dec-10 TOTAL 17,114 $ 92, 301.30 ARTICLE 2 : SHIPMENT TERM : - Shipment date : Not later than Dec 30, 20 10 - Partial shipments are allowed - Destination . DEPARTMENT OF TRANSLATION & INTERPRETATION TRANSLATION 2 COMPILED BY Ms. NGUYỄN THỊ KIỆP, M.A August, 20 11 2 LESSON 1:. lở mồm long móng: foot-and-mouth outbreak Example 2. Năm 20 05, doanh thu thương mại của điện tử Samsung đạt 23 3 triệu USD. Nhưng đến năm 20 06, ước tính con số này là 335 triệu USD. Với phương. 3713 922 Fax. : (84-0650) 3713 923 Represented by Mr. KIM SUNG JOON Title: G.Director Hereinafter called Party A THE BUYER :: JUNGBOLD & MORENO – STOLZ GMBH (Buyer) AM Flossbach 15,67112