PHONETICS: Stress & Pronunciation (Ngữ âm: Dấu nhấnvàPhátâm)

A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ - 45 - PHONETICS (Nhìn tổng quát các đề thi của những năm vừa qua, cập nhật đề mới nhất hàng năm)  GCSE: Tốt nghiệp THPT 2007 : Câu 6: A. shut B. summer C. business D. sunrise Câu 7: A. golden B. chosen C. grove D. cover Câu 8: A. chemist B. chair C. child D. cheap Câu 9: A. might B. light C. sign D. lift Câu 10: A. prove B. women C. movie D. lose 2007 : (retake) Câu 26: A. teach B. beach C. heat D. breath Câu 27: A. done B. none C. bone D. tongue Câu 28: A. moon B. food C. good D. noodle Câu 29: A. grapes B. hats C. chairs D. roofs Câu 30: A. worked B. caused C. forced D. stopped 2008 : Câu 36: A. think B. this C. those D. there Câu 37: A. crops B. farmers C. vehicles D. fields Câu 38: A. leader B. instead C. deafness D. headache Câu 39: A. stopped B. followed C. rained D. believed Câu 40: A. slow B. power C. town D. how 2009 : Question 41: A. thought B. laugh C. eight D. high QUESTION 42: A. promise B. despite C. economize D. enterprise QUESTION 43: A. already B. ease C. appeal D. team QUESTION 44: A. scholar B. aching C. chemist D. approach QUESTION 45: A. decided B. engaged C. expected D. attracted 2010 : Question 36: A. accompany B. simplify C. supply D. qualify Question 37: A. reformed B. appointed C. stayed D. installed Question 38: A. initiate B. contain C. domestic D. attentive Question 39: A. household B. associate C. colony D. enclose Question 40: A. cough B. weight C. might D. though A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ - 46 - 2011: (Mã 381) Stress: (dấu nhấn) Question 1: A. apply B. reduce C. offer D. persuade Question 2: A. alcohol B. effective C. enterprise D. surgery Pronunciation:(Phát âm) Question 45: A. teenage B. sausage C. passage D. message Question 46: A. characteristic B. Christmas C. challenge D. chemical Question 47: A. infectious B. punish C. efficient D. describe 2012: (Mã 963) Stress: (dấu nhấn) Question 44: A. natural B. computer C. animal D. educate Question 45: A. threaten B. collect C. begin D. destroy Pronunciation:(Phát âm) Question 9: A. medal B. defend C. intend D. compete. Question 10: A. tourists B. symbols C. banks D. steps Question 11: A. water B. penalty C. determine D. question  UNIVERSITY ENTRANCE: Tuyển sinh đại học 2007 : 1: A. atmosphere B. festival C. location D. scenery 2: A. apply B. anthem C. appear D. attend 3: A. circumstance B. considerate C. photographer D. community 4: A. endanger B. opposite C. geography D. geometry 5: A. recent B. remote C. prevent D. receive 2008 : (342) 21: A. particular B. economy C. communicate D. unemployment 22: A. physicist B. property C. inventor D. president 23: A. offer B. persuade C. apply D. reduce 24: A. potential B. understand C. recommend D. volunteer 25: A. preferential B. congratulate C. development D. preservative 2009 : 26: A. elephant B. dinosaur C. buffalo D. mosquito 27: A. abnormal B. initial C. innocent D. impatient 28: A. significant B. convenient C. fashionable D. traditional 29: A. catastrophe B. agriculture C. dictionary D. supervisor 30: A. settle B. protect C. compose D. relate A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ - 47 - 2010 : 11: A. documentary B. politician C. popularity D. laboratory 12: A. attraction B. prevention C. organism D. engagement 13: A. inhabit B. disappear C. imagine D. continue 14: A. periodic B. suspicious C. contagious D. electric 15: A. adventure B. adverbial C. advertise D. advantage 2011: (Mã đề: 195) 9: A. represent B. permanent C. sentiment D. continent 10: A. future B. involve C. prospect D. guidance 11: A. accuracy B. fabulous C. immediate D. optimist 12: A. facilitate B. intimacy C. participate D. hydrology 13: A. reduction B. popular C. romantic D. financial 2012: Khối A1 (Mã 426) Question 56: A. similar B. attractive C. calculate D. chemical Question 57: A. biology B. inaccurate C. ability D. interactive Question 58: A. tradition B. memory C. socialise D. animal Question 59: A. release B. offer C. amaze D. believe Question 60: A. rubbish B. career C. actor D. cocktail 2012: Khối D1 (Mã 475) Question 46: A. characterise B. facility C. irrational D. variety Question 47: A. traditional B. majority C. appropriate D. electrician Question 48: A. depend B. vanish C. decay D. attack Question 49: A. elephant B. agreement C. mineral D. violent Question 50: A. accountant B. professor C. develop D. typical _____________   ______________ A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ - 48 - PRACTICE TESTS    PRACTICE TEST 1 (For the GCSE) 1. A. chores B. dishes C. behaves D. studies 2. A. buses B. goes C. tries D. drives 3. A. cooks B. cares C. plays D. jobs 4. A. letters B. writes C. friends D. rides 5. A. studies B. reads C. gifts D. jobs 6. A. roles B. hopes C. cities D. housewives 7. A. sports B. cooks C. shops D. teams 8. A. enjoys B. presents C. flowers D. listens 9. A. likes B. invites C. envelopes D. challenges 10. A. misses B. wishes C. hopes D. reduces 11/. A. loved B. watched C. approved D. prayed 12/. A. preceded B. married C. determined D. obliged 13/. A. interviewed B. qualified C. traveled D. photographed 14/. A. provided B. connected C. opened D. prevented 15/. A. believed B. attracted C. concerned D. agreed 16/. A. reduced B. developed C. promoted D. liked 17/. A. impressed B. proved C. honored D. trained 18/. A. prayed B. wished C. hoped D. looked 19/. A. hatred B. delighted C. played D. demanded 20/. A. wicked B. loved C. wanted D. needed 21/. A. attacked B. raised C. widened D. supposed 22/. A. pleasure B. sure C. measure D. television Lưu ý: Bài tập trên giúp ôn tập, khắc sâu các ghi chú căn bản về phát âm –ED và _S/ES, nên không đặt nặng yếu tố từ loại trong mỗi câu (noun/verb)    PRACTICE TEST 2 (For the GCSE) 1/. A. moon B. soon C. flood D. pool 2/. A. good B. school C. roommate D. afternoon 3/. A. took B. food C. look D. good 4/. A. cool B. boot C. food D. good A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ - 49 - 5/. A. honest B. high C. humor D. household 6/. A. host B. honor C. hall D. home 7/. A. hour B. honest C. host D. honourable 8/. A. whale B. wheel C. who D. when 9/. A. chemical B. approach C. change D. challenge 10/. A. chemistry B. character C. Christmas D. chew 11/. A. kitchen B. children C. chores D. machine 12/. A. choices B. architect C. chemist D. headache 13/. A. think B. although C. thirteen D. south 14/. A. father B. theme C. then D. without 15/. A. central B. cycle C. certain D. curious 16/. A. accuracy B. certain C. curriculum D. device 17/. A. commercial B. conserve C. contaminate D. climate 18/. A. ready B. meat C. heat D. clean 19/. A. great B. weather C. pleasure D. health 20/. A. easy B. pleasant C. please D. reading 21/. A. cheap B. leader C. seat D. measure 22/. A. bear B. hear C. clear D. rear    PRACTICE TEST 3 (For the GCSE) 1/. A. polite B. minute C. whistle D. signal 2/. A. comprise B. river C. little D. notice 3/. A. lie B. wide C. circle D. comprise 4/. A. wildlife B. wilderness C. child D. survive 5/. A. title B. organize C. surprise D. spirit 6/. A. famine B. children C. diverse D. minute 7/. A notice B. surprise C. mind D. polite 8/. A. signal B. famine C. enterprise D. decision 9/. A. laugh B. high C. though D. light A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ - 50 - 10/. A. laugh B. cough C. enough D. thorough 11/. A. family B. American C. national D. natural 12/. A. man B. across C. sandy D. travel 13/. A. appall B. famine C. adopt D. total 14/. A. women B. prove C. movement D. movie 15/. A. home B. lonely C. close D. son 16/. A. host B. hold C. propose D. improve 17/. A. poverty B. propose C. devote D. soldier 18/. A. put B. cut C. but D. sun 19/. A. use B. uniform C. subject D. introduce 20/. A. business B. cut C. number D. fund 21/. A. understand B. under C. uniform D. number 22/. A. busy B. use C. union D. music 23/. A. forward B. award C. toward D. warm _____________   ______________ A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ - 51 - Ngữ âm chiếm tỉ trọng không nhỏ trong đề thi TNPT và TSĐH. Vì vậy, chuẩn bị tốt kiến thức ngữ âm cũng rất quan trọng đối với các thí sinh. Hy vọng tập tài liệu nhỏ này sẽ là tài liệu tham khảo bổ trợ rèn luyện thêm có hiệu quả cho các em đang chuẩn bị tham gia kỳ thi tốt nghiệp THPT và TSĐH sắp tới. Tuy ngôn ngữ trong các bài tập bám sát chương trình Tiếng Anh phổ thông nhưng các ghi chú về các qui tắc phát âm và dấu nhấn có tính bao quát cao nên có thể áp dụng cho người học Anh văn nói chung. Đây là tài liệu gốc 2008 (bổ sung đề thi qua các năm), với cách tiếp cận và trình bày lý thuyết riêng, không copy chỉnh sửa từ bất kỳ nguồn tài liệu nào khác. Chúc các em HS ôn luyện tốt chuyên đề ngữ âm tiếng Anh. Tháng 12, năm 2008 Lê Xuân Hồ Email : lehovn@yahoo.com Blog: http://blog.yahoo.com/kevinlegreen/ ____________________________ A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ - 52 - PHONETICS: Ngữ âm I. STRESS: Dấu nhấn trọng âm    Trong tiếng Anh mỗi từ đều có một vần nhấn chính. Vần nhấn là vần được phát âm cao nhất (trọng âm) khi phát âm ở trạng thái bình thường.    Những người có kinh nghiệm trong việc học tiếng Anh cho rằng không có một qui tắc hoàn toàn tuyệt đối nào áp dụng cho việc phát âm chính xác dấu nhấn trọng âm áp dụng cho tất cả các từ trong tiếng Anh. Vì vậy, cách tốt nhất để phát âm chuẩn dấu nhấn là chú ý học dấu nhấn như một thành phần không thể tách biệt khi học mỗi từ. Vậy, dấu nhấn cũng nên được xem như một yếu tố quan trọng trong phát âm.  Tuy nhiên, biết được một số ghi chú căn bản về dấu nhấn trọng âm rất hữu ích cho người học tiếng Anh trong việc phát âm chuẩn dấu nhấn. 1.1 GENERAL RULES: Qui tắc chung (Qui tắc này rất bổ ích đối với người học đã có căn bản về từ loại)    Danh từ và tính từ: + Hai hoặc ba vần: Nhấn vần thứ nhất: happy, garden, beauty, color, essay, giant, quiet, careful, pleasant, energy, industry, mystery, fabulous, continent, animal, family, gallery, furniture, military* 1 , auditory* 1 , envelop, reference, influence … Nhưng (ngoại lệ): police, polite, success, address* 2 , advice, resource, resort, machine, magazine, diverse, mature, guitar, important, enormous, eternal, cathedral, apartment, compulsory, adventure… (* 1 ): -ary, -ory khi phát âm lướt nhanh nghe như một vần (* 2 ): address cũng có thể là động từ + Bốn vần trở lên: Nhấn vần thứ ba tính từ vần cuối: analysis, miraculous, rhinoceros, intelligence, incredible, experiment, particular …    Động từ: Nhấn vần cuối cùng: invent, collect, advise, decide, deny, supply, apply, destroy, equip, admit, forget, represent, entertain, understand, interfere… A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ - 53 - Nhưng (ngoại lệ): develop, determine, gather, manage, embarrass, limit*, damage*… (*): limit, damage cũng có thể là danh từ. 1.2 GOLDEN RULES: Qui tắc vàng Sau đây là một số qui tắc xác định trọng âm rút ra từ kinh nghiệm đọc tiếng Anh. Những qui tắc này giúp ích rất nhiều cho người học trong việc đọc tiếng Anh chuẩn dấu nhấn. Lưu ý:    Các tiếp đầu ngữ (Prefixes) và tiếp vị ngữ (Suffixes) sau đây nhìn chung không ảnh hưởng đến vị trí dấu nhấn của từ gốc (Root): un-, im-, in-, ir-, -il, dis-, mis-, en-, anti-, -able, -ible, -ive, -ative, -ful, -al, -ance, -ment, -ness, -less, -ly, -ism, -ist, -ize, -acy, -ory, -ary… Ví dụ: Root (từ gốc) Inflections (Biến thể: Root + biến tố) rely; avoid reliable, unreliable; avoidable, unavoidable  Nhấn vần ngay phía trước các vần đuôi sau: -ion, -ity, -ety, -ic, -ical, -ial, -ogy, -aphy, -omy, -ify, -ish, -ian, -iar, - ior, -ia, -ious, -eous, -ient, -ience, -ium Ví dụ: communication, gravity, society, economics, potential, psychology, psychological, biography, astronomy, economy, classify, accomplish, mathematician, familiar, superior, bacteria, infectious, mysterious, courteous, miscellaneous, efficient, experience, auditorium, millennium … Nhưng: p o litics, C a tholic, Arabic…    Nhấn ở ngay trên các vần: oon, ee, een, -eer, -ese, -esque, -ique, -ental, -illa, -ina Ví dụ: referee, refugee, pioneer, engineer, fifteen, teenager, afternoon, cartoon, Japanese, picturesque, technique, environmental, experimental, gorilla, vanilla, Katrina…  Nhấn cách một vần trước các vần đuôi sau: -ate, -ude, ute Ví dụ: facilitate, communicate, eliminate, attitude, solitude, institute, absolute … A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ - 54 - possible expense advantage interpret; inform able cancer response attract; effect; impress beauty communicate; general culture; nation apply excite; equip happy; hope organ; imperial physic; imperial, economy accurate, literate popular; social, general impossible expensive, inexpensive disadvantage misinterpret; misinform enable, unable anticancer responsible, irresponsibly attractive; effective; impressive beautiful communicatively, generally cultural; national appliance excitement; equipment happiness; hopefulness organism; imperialism physicist; imperialist; economist accuracy, illiteracy popularize, socialize, generalize    Khi phát âm ở trạng thái bình thường, trong một số trường hợp nếu là động từ thì nhấn ở vần cuối, danh từ thì nhấn ở vần đầu Ví dụ: Verb Noun produce contact import export increase research transport progress prospect progr a m subject comment content … produce contact import export increase research, research transport progress prospect pr o gram subject comment content/content … A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ - 55 - Lưu ý: Những qui tắc chung (General rule) đều có ngoại lệ, cách tốt nhất là học và để ý dấu nhấn của từng từ. Đối với những qui tắc vàng (Golden rules) thì các trường hợp ngoại lệ rất hiếm, mỗi trường hợp ngoại lệ đều được nêu cụ thể, rất bổ ích cho người học anh văn nói chung trong việc nói chuẩn dấu nhấn. _______________    EXERCISE 1: 1. A. confide B. precede C. maintain D. culture 2. A. decide B. support C. caring D. secure 3. A. divide B. public C. apply D. consist 4. A. approach B. attract C. formal D. polite 5. A. biology B. confidently C. security D. responsible 6. A. mischievous B. solution C. supportive D. obedient 7. A. attractiveness B. diversity C. traditional D. similarity 8. A. marriage B. determine C. attitude D. difference 9. A. informally B. socializing C. communicate D. appropriate 10. A. education B. academic C. compulsory D. independent    EXERCISE 2: 1. A. roommate B. campus C. attend D. challenge 2. A. reduce B. shortage C. stagnant D. product 3. A. pressure B. apply C. formal D. keenness 4. A. curriculum B. secondary C. generally D. nationally 5. A. application B. opportunity C. certificate D. engineering 6. A. concentrate B. interview C. impression D. applicant 7. A. economic B. governmental C. renovation D. difficulty 8. A. industry B. achievement C. illegal D. substantial 9. A. domestic B. optimist C. computer D. depression 10. A. security B. terrorism C. efficiently D. development    EXERCISE 3: 1. A. sandy B. survey C. travel D. explore 2. A. destroy B. damage C. protect D. pollute 3. A. wildlife B. species C. toxic D. reserve 4. A. effort B. survive C. extinct D. aware A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ - 56 - 5. A. swallow B. describe C. review D. digest 6. A. defend B. compete C. swimming D. success 7. A. mysterious B. expedition C. technology D. enormously 8. A. extinction B. endanger C. commercial D. habitat 9. A. penalty B. opponent C. defensive D. decision 10. A. outstanding B. athletics C. intensive D. excellent    EXERCISE 4: 1. A. resource B. limit B. nature D. wildlife 2/. A. commit B. divide C. advance D. swimming 3/. A. medal B. support C. event D. impress 4/. A. devote B. famine C. destroy D. survive 5/. A. office B. appeal C. earthquake D. symbol 6/. A. solidarity B. cooperation C. participation D. enthusiastic 7/. A. civilian B. initiative C. epidemic D. society 8/. A. dedicate B. disaster C. suffering D. medical 9/. A. temporary B. conference C. volunteer D. government 10/. A. symbolize B. agency C. poverty D. supportive    EXERCISE 5: 1/. A. housewife B. employ C. deny D. pursuit 2/. A. equal B. belief C. housework D. social 3/. A. pioneer B. different C. cultural D. advocate 4/. A. opportunity B. individual C. discrimination D. intellectual 5/. A. ability B. unemployment C. political D. significantly 6/. A. original B. stability C. industrial D. agriculture 7/. A. average B. investment C. enterprise D. estimate 8/. A. service B. invest C. rural D. product 9/. A. economy B. statistical C. electronic D. relationship 10/. A. tourism B. cultural C. forestry D. establish    EXERCISE 6: 1/. A. swallow B. knowledge C. romance D. journey 2/. A. comprise B. explore C. remain D. sandy 3/. A. imagine B. difficult C. carefully D. character 4. A. exploration B. geography C. scientific D. expedition A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ - 57 - 5. A. enormous B. natural C. territory D. corridor 6. A. society B. exploration C. mysterious D. Australian 7/. A. government B. awareness C. seriously D. chemical 8/. A. contaminate B. development C. conservation D. diversity 9/. A. wildlife B. extinct C. protect D. conserve 10/. A. dangerous B. habitat C. survival D. seriously    EXERCISE 7: 1/. A. resource B. detail C. limit D. damage 2/. A. surprise B. success C. attempt D. finish 3/. A. homework B. complete C. duty D. garbage 4/. A. pleasure B. humor C. mature D. image 5/. A. police B. reveal C. safety D. secure 6/. A. technique B. advance C. apply D. product 7/. A. embarrass B. detective C. excitement D. mystery 8/. A. miraculous B. magically C. obviously D. absolutely 9/. A. appliance B. furniture C. equipment D. consumer 10/. A. accident B. dangerous C. adventure D. carelessness    EXERCISE 8: 1/. A. response B. household C. close-knit D. caring 2/. A. polite B. verbal C. signal D. instance 3/. A. agent B. tourist C. resort D. travel 4/. A. dessert B. arrange C. reserve D. pleasant 5/. A. itinerary B. receptionist C. enjoyable D. modernizing 6/. A. pollutant B. wilderness C. destruction D. endanger 7/. A. qualify B. applicant C. experience D. interview 8/. A. vacancy B. candidate C. recommend D. formally 9/. A. challenging B. amazingly C. performance D. exciting 10/. A. kindergarten B. curriculum C. category D. secondary ___________  ___________ II. PRONUNCIATION: Phát âm 2.1 PHÁT ÂM –ED VÀ –S/ES: A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ - 58 - 2.2 VOWELS, DIPTHONGS AND CONSONANTS:   -ED: có ba cách đọc - Đọc là /id/ khi ngay trước nó là âm /t/, /d/ - Đọc là /t/ khi ngay trước nó là các âm vô thanh sau: /p/, /k/, /f/, /∫ ∫∫ ∫/, /t∫ ∫∫ ∫/, /s/, /θ/ - Đọc là /d/ khi ngay trước nó là các âm hữu thanh (trừ âm /d/) Cụ thể như sau : Orthographic form    /id/: t và d wanted, collected, demanded, decided,…    /t/: p, k, f (ph), ch, sh, s, x, ce stopped, hoped, liked, roofed, photographed, laughed* /la:ft/, watched, washed, missed, focused, increased, fixed, reduced, noticed, …    /d/: quy tắc chung    Lưu ý:  /d/: Do -se cuối từ trong nhiều trường hợp thường được đọc là /z/ nên khi thêm -ED vào, - ED sẽ được đọc là /d/. Caused /ko:zd/, advised /әd’vaizd/, raised /reizd/, praised /preizd/, confused /kәn’fju:zd/, refused /ri’fju:zd/, supposed /sә’pәu:zd/…  /id/: Những trường hợp đặt biệt sau đây –ED đọc là /id/: Wicked, naked, cursed, sacred, hatred, ragged, rugged, plugged  /id/: Khi thêm –ly vào, –ED sẽ được đọc là /id/: Advisedly, supposedly, confusedly…  -S/ES: có ba cách đọc - Đọc là /s/ khi ngay trước nó là các âm vô thanh sau: /p/, /t/, /k/, /f/ , /θ/ - Đọc là /iz/ khi ngay trước nó là các âm: /s/, /∫ ∫∫ ∫/, /t∫ ∫∫ ∫/, /z/, /Ʒ/, /dƷ/, - Đọc là /z/ khi ngay trước nó là các âm hữu thanh (trừ các âm đã nói ở trên) Cụ thể như sau : Orthographic form    /s/: p, t, k (c) , f(ph), /θ / stops, invites, collects, likes, politics, sniffs, photographs /`fәutәugra:fs /, laughs* /la:fs/…    /iz/: s, x, z, sh, ch, ce, ge misses, mixes, houses, buzzes, washes, teaches, reduces, notices, bridges, oranges …    /z/: quy tắc chung    Lưu ý:  cloths /kl ɔ θs/ ≠ clothes / klәuðz/ A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ - 59 - Nguyên âm đơn, nguyên âm đôi và phụ âm Sau đây là một vài ghi chú cơ bản về cách phát âm những vần cơ bản và một số trường hợp hay bị người học tiếng Anh, đặc biệt là người Việt Nam, phát âm sai hoặc nhầm lẫn: + /u/ (short u): (cần chú ý) - foot, good, look, hook, book, could, would, - childhood, neighborhood, brotherhood, understood, wood, - wool, woman, - put, pull, full, push … + /u:/ (long u): (thông thường) - boot, food, school, pool, noon, Moon, soon, booth, loose, - June, approve, move, improve, movie… + /Λ/: - blood, flood, - cut, shut, hut, under, number, unhappy, funny, sun, son, won, month, - love, glove, above, none, done, tough, rough, touch, enough, … + /əu/: - stove, hope, home, smoke, lonely, stone, only, rose, nose, close, old, hold, most, host, notice… - slowly, know, blow, show, row, owner, harrow, narrow, mow, tow, swallow … + /au/: - tower, town, down, power, shower, cow, coward, now, plow, allow, plough, about, without, house, blouse, mouse, announce, found… + /ai/: - child, wildlife, wild, sign, like, hike, wide, widen, hide, ride, provide, alive, lively, hive, dive, life, decide, decisive, driver, mine, fine, decline, polite, lie, tie, die, pie, … + /i/ (short i): - children, wilderness, signal, little, kitchen, hit, bit, minute, finish, wish, live, decision, provision, active, hill, with, famine, women, hidden, written, risen, ridden, driven, refuse, reply, deny, establish… + /ai/: classify, simplify, cycle, recycle, apply, supply, deny, sky, dry, multiply, fly, cry, reply, occupy… A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ - 60 - + /i/(short i): beauty, happy, biology, identity, simply, photography, healthy… + /i:/ (long i): - meat, heat, seat, teach, leader, reader, reading, steal, meet, seen, green, flee, refugee … - machine, magazine, … - receive, receipt, deceive, perceive, believe, achieve, + /e/: - weather, feather, leather, headache, steady, ready, deaf, dead, death, instead, - pleasant, pleasure, measure, - effort, energy, strength, envelope, develop… + /iə/: - hear, fear, ear, clear, dear, deer, engineer, beer, childrearing … + /eə/: - bear, wear, childbearing, hair, air, fair, stare, declare, square, aware, fare, area, aquarium … + /a:/, /ei/, /æ/ or /ə/: /a:/: father, gather, card, hard, artist, garment, heart… /ei/: fame, famous, name, again, main, wait, late, hate, take, wake, Asian, nation, nature, native, pay, say, railway, stage, teenager, stadium, change, arrange, great … /æ/: family, man, hand, understand, plan, cat, national, natural, ASEAN … /ə/: American, familiar, aquatic, machine, facility, appall, appeal, appointment, arrive, attract … + /з:/: burn, hurt, murder, urgent, further, stir, whirlwind, skirt, bird, heard, earth, earn, German, term… +/t∫ ∫∫ ∫/, /k/, /∫ ∫∫ ∫/ or /ʒ /: A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ - 61 - /t∫ ∫∫ ∫/: kitchen, church, watch, chat, chance, change, challenge, approach, charity, charitable, poacher, orchard, nature, future, feature, mutual, factual, contractual … /k/: - chemistry, chemical, chemist, character, characteristics, scholarship, Christmas, synchronized, school, - stomachache, headache, toothache, earache, - mechanic, architect, archaeology, psychology, psychiatry , psychiatric, chaos, chaotic, orchid, orchestra, echo, echoic… /∫ ∫∫ ∫/: - share, shop, wash, dish, wish, show, machine, chef, schedule (Mỹ: /’sked ʒ u:l/), chauffeur, chic, brochure, brochette … - sure, sugar - special, artificial, potential, partial, nation, fiction, initiative, possession, impression, commission … /ʒ/: vision, television, decision, precision, provision, pleasure, measure, leisure, garage, massage … +/dʒ/ or /g/: /dʒ/: - large, village, garbage, orange, message - gene, genetic, gentle, geography, general, Germany, legend, - July, jam, joke, justice, juice… /g/: gather, garbage, golf, gulf, great, group, organ, get, together, geyser … + /k/ or /s/: /s/: - center, celebrate, concept, certain, certificate … - cinema, decisive, excite… - bicycle, pharmacy, encyclopedia… /k/: cook, common, comic, camera, calculate, curriculum, vacuum, cut, crowd, creature, cloud, clever… + /θ θθ θ/ or /ð/: /θ θθ θ/: think, thin, thick, thank, thought, theme, anthem, death, breath, threat, threaten, wealth, wealthy, health, healthy, width, depth, length, strength, thirty, nineteenth, north, south, thorough, thirsty, both, cloth, thin, sympathy … A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ - 62 - /ð/: then, there, those, with, without, although, though, weather, brother, bother, brother, mother, father, breathe, clothe, leather, feather, northern, southern… + /f/ or /-/: /f/: laugh, cough, enough, rough, tough /-/: though, through, plough, thought, bought, high, height, weight, light, night, fight, right, plight, … + /h/ or /-/: /h/: household, hospital, hotel, humor, husband, home, host, hire, who, whom … /-/: - hour, honest, honesty, honour, honorable, - exhibit, exhibition, exhale, - rhinoceros, diarrhea, rhetoric, rhyme, rhythm … + /k/ or /-/: /k/: kitchen, kind, kindergarten, sky, skeleton, like, lake, look … /-/: know, knee, kneel, knowledge, knife, knit, knot … + /w/ or /-/: /w/: watch, war, weekend, swim, sweet, sweat, swallow, sway, swarm, twice, twins, between, white, whale, wheel, when, whether … /-/: blow, snow, yellow, follow, write, playwright, wrist, wreck, wrestler, wretch, two, who, whom, whose … + /b/ or /-/: /b/: bench, bay, bind, beggar, rubber, rob, grab, rubbish, battle, combat, combine … /-/:* dumb, dumbfound, plumb, plumber, comb, combing, tomb, bomb, bombing, climb, climbing… (*) If interested, learners can find out more about assimilation rules in phonetics references. _______________ A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ - 63 - 2.3 EXERCISES:    EXERCISE 1: Hãy xếp các từ sau đây vào cột âm –ED thích hợp: Finished, stopped, obliged, cooked, pushed, helped, washed, liked, continued, worked, forced, required, pressed, laughed, subtracted, approached, possessed, hoped, divided, photographed, occurred, collected, reduced, traveled, controlled, attended, missed, noticed, opened, demanded, delighted, enjoyed, destroyed, robbed, renewed, roofed, gathered, listened, lived, decided, widened, developed, played, stabbed, watched, lived, fixed, argued, looked, stepped, continued, asked, established, convinced. Caused*, advised*, raised*, praised*, refused*, confused*, supposed*. Naked*, wicked*, sacred*, ragged*, rugged*, hatred*, supposedly*, advisedly*. /id/ /t/ /d/ finished,    EXERCISE 2: Hãy xếp các từ sau đây vào cột âm –S/ES thích hợp: Hopes, likes, animals, lives, robs, laughs, collects, stops, washes, languages, please, nations, lecturers, misses, maps, shoes, comes, chairs, invites, grapes, groups, plays, returns, standards, talents, theatres, individuals, bridges, oranges, families, potatoes, buses, fixes, techniques, enjoys, diseases, describes, collects, photographs. /s/ /z/ /iz/ A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ - 64 - hopes,    EXERCISE 3: Chọn từ có phần gạch dưới đọc khác phần gạch dưới của các từ còn lại (Regular English – grade 12) 1/. A. chores B. dishes C. behaves D. studies 2/. A. clothes B. loves C. hurries D. houses 3/. A. cooks B. feelings C. plays D. wives 4/. A. devices B. chores C. lives D. factories 5/. A. grasses B. stretches C. comprises D. dunes 6/. A. works B. always C. enjoys D. problems 7/. A. sports B. games C. plays D. medals 8/. A. preceded B. married C. determined D. obliged 9/. A. believed B. attracted C. concerned D. agreed 10/. A. loved B. liked C. approved D. prayed 11/. A. divided B. studied C. aged D. followed 12/. A. lived B. enjoyed C. noticed D. explained 13/. A. reduced B. developed C. promoted D. progressed 14/. A. remained B. explored C. traveled D. separated 15/. A. endangered B. damaged C. destroyed D. provided 16/. A. described B. enjoyed C. recommended D. swallowed 17/. A. impressed B. proved C. honored D. trained 18/. A. appalled B. injured C. struggled D. devoted 19/. A. established B. appealed C. survived D. aimed 20/. A. ready B. heat C. breakfast D. pleasant 21/. A. polite B. little C. whistle D. signal [...]... dog D house D bathe D column D normal D warm D voyage D devour A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ - 68 - A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ Dear students, I hope this phonetics course will help you students improve much of your English pronunciation in general as well as develop your competence for doing phonetics MC exercises in the... drives EXERCISE 7: Chọn từ có phần gạch dưới đọc khác phần gạch dưới của các từ còn lại 1 A reserves B animals C efforts D species A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ - 66 - A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ 2 A nations 3 A hopes 4 A mistakes 5 A breathes 6 A envelopes 7 A central 8 A busy 9 A pleasure 10 A sugar B reforms B chances B... C certain C describes C measure C sense D features D dislikes D reads D washes D finishes D curious D collects D television D safety A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ 2 A owner 3 A pleasure 4 A tower 5 A wilderness 6 A signal 7 A stove 8 A enough 9 A host 10 A whale - 67 - B now B measure B know B... liked 2 A stopped B missed C supported D reduced 3 A prayed B wished C hoped D looked C gathered D listened 4 A employed B collected A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ - 65 - A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ 5 A interviewed 6 A warned 7 A invented 8 A controlled 9 A provided 10 A naked B qualified B fixed B repaired B destroyed B connected...A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ 22/ A subject 23/ A busy 24/ A good 25/ A foot 26/ A amaze 27/ A honest 28/ A pressure 29/ A comprise 30/ A survey 31/ A great 32/ A man 33/ A lie 34/ A sandy 35/ A chemical... you’ve got a little time to kill, just visit my blog at www.violet.vn/leho_vn or http://blog.yahoo.com/kevinlegreen TRY YOUR BEST, AND HAVE GOOD LUCK IN YOUR EXAM TEST! A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ - 69 - . course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ - 52 - PHONETICS: Ngữ âm I. STRESS: Dấu nhấn trọng âm. preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ A preparation course for the GCSE & university entrance – Lê Xuân Hồ - 46 - 2011: (Mã 381) Stress: (dấu nhấn) Question 1:. D. describe 2012: (Mã 963) Stress: (dấu nhấn) Question 44: A. natural B. computer C. animal D. educate Question 45: A. threaten B. collect C. begin D. destroy Pronunciation: (Phát âm) Question