báo cáo đề tài xây dựng atlas cây cổ thụ hà nội

LIEN HIEP CAC HOI KHOA HOC VA KY THUAT MET NA.M 1 RL NG TAM GlAO DUG vA TRUYEN THONG MOI TRUONG BAO CAO KHOA HOC Tcii de tai: Xay dung Atlas cay co thu Ha Noi Chu nhiem de tai: Nguyen Nguyen Cuong Tho-i gian thuc hien: 07/2007- 01/2010 NAM 2010 ^?3f LIEN HIEP CAC HOI KHOA HOC VA KY THUAT VIET NA.M IRCNG TAM GIAO DUC VA TRUYEN THONG MOI TRUONG BAO CAO KHOA HOC len de tai: Xay dyng Atlas cay co thu Ha Noi Co' quan chii quan: Lien Hiep cac HdiKhoa hgc va Ky thuat Viet Nam Don vi chii tri: Trung tam Giao due va Truyen thdng Mdi trudng Chii nhiem de tai: Nguyen Nguyen Cuong Thdi gian thuc hien: 07/2007 - 01/2010 NAM 2010 THONG TIN CHUNG VE DE TAI 1. TEN DE TAI Xay dung Atlas cay cd thu Ha Ngi 2. CO QUAN QUAN LY Lien hiep cac Hgi Khoa hgc va Ky thuat Viet Nam 3. CO QUAN CHU TRI Trung tam Giao due vi Truyen thdng Mdi trudng 4. CHU NHIEM DE TAI Nguyen Nguyen Cuong 5. MUC TIEU - Xac dinh cac cay cd thu cd gii tri khoa hgc, Ijch str van hoa va mdi trudng cua thu do Ha Ngi nham xay dung cudn Atlas cay cd tbij phd bien rgng rai cho cdng ddng nhan dip ky niem 1000 nam Thang Long - Ha Ngi. - Diing de tra ciru vi phuc vu cho cdng tic nghien ciru khoa hgc ciia cic vien nghien ciru, trudng dai hgc 6. NOI DUNG CHINH - Thu thap cac thdng tin, tai lieu ve cay cd thu Ha Ngi va tham cay xanh Ha Ngi. + Thdng tin chung: thdi gian, ten, ma cay, ngudn gdc xuat xtr, dan vi quan li. + Vj tri cay: theo don vi hanh chinh, theo toa do dia li. + Thdng dn thugc tinh: do cao, chu vi, tudi, dac diem sinh thai. + Gia trj cinh quan, kinh te, tham mi, van hoi, Ijch sir, ngudn gen - Thanh lap cac ban bd chi tiet ve cay cd thu Ha Ngi. + Xay dung Maket bd cue cho toan bg Atlas cay cd thu Ha Ngi. + Thanh lap cac loai ban do nen. + Xay dung ngi dung chi tiet cho ttmg trang ban dd. + Thiet ke va bd tri cac ngi dung bai viet, anh va bang sd lieu. « + Thiet ke trang va phan chuong cae ban do. 7. THOI GIAN THlTC HIEN Thing 07 nam 2007 ddn thing 01 nam 2010 8, KINH PHI Tdng kinh phi dugc cap: 410.000.000 (Bon tram miedi trieu dong) Ngay thing nam 20 Thu truong co' quan chu tri de tai Chu nhiem de tai (Ky ten, ddng ddu) (Ky ten) Thii trudng cc quan quan ly de tai (Ky ten, ddng ddu) DANH SACH NHLTNG NGITOT THAM GIA THlTC HIEN DE TAI 1. KS. Nguydn Nguydn Cuong- Trung Tam Giao due va Truyen Thdng Mdi trudng 2. GS.TS. Nguydn Trin Ciu - Vien Dja ly 3. KS. Vu Van Dung- Vien Didu tra Quy hoach rirng 4. KS. Le Huy Cudng- Vien Didu tra Quy hoach rtrng 5. ThS. Nguydn Qudc Dung-Vidn Didu tra Quy hoach rtrng 6. ThS. Ngd Kim Khanh - Nha Xuit ban Bin dd 7. ThS. Dang Gia Tting - Vudn Thti Ha Ndi 8. KS. Nguydn Hun Tiing- Vien Didu tra Quy hoach rirng 9. KS. Le Manh Tuin- Vien Didu tra Quy hoach rirng 10. KS. Mai Van Hung-Vien Didu tra Quy hoach rung 11. KS. Le Dire Thanh- Vien Didu tra Quy hoach rirng 12. KS. Pham Van Biy- Vien Didu tra Quy hoach rirng 13. TS. Trin Dang Khoa - Trung tam Giao due va Truydn thdng Mdi trudng 14. ThS. Bill Thj Tuydt- Trung tam Giio due vi Truyen thdng Mdi trudng 15. KS. Bill Thj Huang - Trung tam Giio due vi Truyen thdng Mdi trudng 16. ThS. Pham Thj Hdng Phuang - Tmng tam Giio due va Tmydn thdng Mdi tmdng 17. KS. Bui Qudc Viet- Nhi Xuit bin Ban dd 18. ThS. Nguydn Lan Huong - Nhi Xuit ban Ban dd 19. KS. Duong Cdng Sir - Nha Xuit ban Ban dd 20. KS. Nguydn Van Hda - Nha Xuit ban Bin dd 21. KS. Chu Thi Kim Thanh - Nha Xuat ban Bin dd Xdy dimg Atlas cay co thu Hd Noi MUC LUC Danh muc bang bieu vi hinh DAT VANDE 1 CHUONG I: TONG QUAN NGHIEN ClTU 3 LLTONG QUAN VE CAY CO THU 3 1.1.1. Nhirng quan diem ve cay cd thu 3 1.1.2. Tinh hinh cay cd thu trong nudc 4 1.1.3. Ve cay cd thu tren the gidi 6 1.1.4. Ngudn gdc cay ed thu Hi Ngi 9 1.2. TONG QUAN VE ATLAS 11 1.2.1. Dinh nghTa va phan loai II 1.2.2. Dac tinh cua atlas 12 1.2.3. Bai viet thuyet minh trong atlas 14 1.2.4. Ngdn ngu' bin dd 14 CHUONG H: DOI TUONG, NOI DUNG, DIA DIEM VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CU"U 16 11.1. MUC TIEU NGHIEN ClTU 16 11.2. DOI TUONG vA PHAM VI NGHIEN ClTU 16 11.2.1. Ddi tugng nghien ciru 16 11.2.2. Pham vi nghien ciru 16 11.3. NOI DUNG NGHIEN ClTU 17 11.4. PHU^ONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU 17 11.5. QUI TRINH NGHIEN CUU CAY CO THU HA NQI 19 11.5.1. Cdng tic chuan bj (trong phdng) 19 11.5.2. Dieu tra ngoai nghiep (ngoai trdi) 19 11.5.3. Xir li tai lieu, giao nop ket qua 20 11.5.4. Ngi dung dieu tra ngoai nghiep 20 11.5.5. Yeu ciu kT thuat 20 11.6. QUI TRINH NGHIEN ClTU XAY Dl/NG BAN DO 21 11.6.1. Xay dung cic ban mau 21 11.6.2. Xay dyng ban dd nen 21 11.6.3. Thanh lap ban dd mau 22 11.6.4. Thanh lap cac trang ban dd ctia Atlas 22 Trung tdm Gido due vd Truyen thong Mdi Iriivng Xdy dimg .Alias cay cd thu Hd .\'di II.7. DIA DIEM NGHIEN ClTU 22 11.7.1. Gidi thieu chung 22 11.7.2. Dieu kien tu nhien 23 11.7.3. Dieu kien kinh te - xa hgi 24 CHUONG III: KET QUA NGHIEN CUU 26 111.1. HIEN TRANG CAY CO THU HA NOI 26 111.1.1. Thinb phan loai cay 26 111.1.2. Sd lugng va phan bd cay cd thi,i Ha Ngi 27 111.1.3. Tinh binh quan ly va bao ve cay cd thu Ha Ngi 28 111.1.4. Nhung gia trj etia cay cd thu Hi Ngi 29 111.1.5. Nhirng nguy co de dga sy tdn tai ctia cay cd thu 33 111.1.6. Cac giai phip ve bao tdn cay co thu Hi Ngi 37 111.2. THANH LAP CAc BAN DO VE CAY CO THU HA NOI 40 111.2.1. Bien tap cac ban do toan thanh pho 40 111.2.2. Bien tap cac bin do quan, buyen 49 III.2.3 Bien tap cac ban dd cbi tiet theo khu vuc 55 KET LUAN 60 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO : 62 PHU LUC Trung tdm Gido due vd Truyen thong Mdi trudng Xdy dung Atlas cay co thu Hd Ndi DANH MUC BANG BIEU VA HINH Hinh 2-1: Ban dd hanh chinh thanh phd Ha Ngi 23 Bang 3-1: Cay cd thu cd sd lugng ca the ttr 10 cay trd len 26 Bang 3-2: Tdng hgp sd lugng cay cd thu d cic Quan, Huyen 27 So dd 3-1: So dd cdng nghe thanh lap ban do cap thanh phd 44 Trung tdm Gido due vd Truyen thdng Mdi tricimg Xdy dimg Atlas cdy cd thu Hd Ndi DAT VAN DE Thang Long - Dong Dd - Ha Ngi. Thti dd cua nudc Cctng hoa Xa hgi Chu nghia Viet Nam da trii qua mgt ngan nam lich str vdi bao bien cd Idn lao. song Ha Ngi van tre trung, van xanh tuai. van tran day sire sdng. Nga> ca khi ke Ihti xam luge mudn day dat nudc ta. Thit dd ta - Ha Ngi ctia ta Itii ve thdi ki Dd da nhirng Ha Ngi van hien ngang ngang cao dau. van kien cudng chien dau va chien thang. Trong bang trieu. bang trieu nhirng di san lich sir con luu giir dugc den bom na>. cd nhieu di sin phi vat the va nhieu di san vat the. Mdi di san la mgt minh chirng cho nhting trang sir hao bting cua Ha Ngi, ctia dan tdc Viet Nam. Ha Ngi kien cudng trong chien dau. Ha Ngi lac quan va manh me trong xa\ dyng hda binh. Ca nirdc dang rgn rang, nao ntrc chuan bj don intmg nga\ Ha Ngi trdn mgt ngan nam tudi. Nhieu cdng trinh xay dyng. nhieu cdng trinh nghien ctru khoa hgc da dugc thuc hien nham gidi thieu nhirng trang sir hao bting ctia Ha Ngi. gidi thieu nhung net dep ciia thien nhien va con ngtrdi Hi Ngi. Trong sd bang tram cdng trinh nghien ctru dd, birdng nghien ctru ve cac he sinh thai, mdi trudng ctia Thti dd la mgt hudng nghien ctru quan trgng, cd y nghTa to Idn ddi vdi cdng euge xay dyng va phat trien ctia Thti dd hdin nay va ca cho qua trinh phat trien. bien dai hda trong tuang lai khdng xa. Trong dd, tham cay xanh Hi Ngi rat phong phti. da dang ve loai, la doi tugng dugc dac biet chit y nghien ctru. Ngoai chtrc nang cay bdng mat va cay canh, tham cay xanh Ha Ngi cdn li la phdi xanh ctia Thti dd, la mgt trong nhting tieu chi quan trgng ve tinh da dang sinh hgc cua Ha Ngi. Chi rieng nhung cay bdng mat lau nam ma cbiing thudng dugc ggi la "Cdy co thu" cting da lam cho Ha Ngi them tham tram, uy nghi, ma van duyen dang. Cay cd thu thudng la chirng tich ctia cac kieu tham thye vat da ttmg tdn tai va phat trien tren lanh thd. Nhieu cay cdn la nhung di tich gan lien vdi Ijch str dyng nudc va giir nudc ctia Thti dd Ha Ngi ndi rieng va ctia dan tdc ndi chung. Cay co tbij Ha Ngi gan bd vdi nhung truyen thong van hda dan tdc va van minh etia nhan dan Thti dd. Ha Ngi la mgt trong nhung thanh phd tao nen nhieu huyen thoai ve van hda, lich str ciia dat nudc ta. Do cung la ly do khien khach nirdc ngoai, khi den tham Ha Ngi. thudng tim den. chiem ngudng cac cay cd thu. Ngudi hla Ngi, khi di xa. khdng ai khdng xao xu\en khi nhd \e hd .\'dy dimg Atlas vdy cd thu Hd Ndi Guam. \e cay Ldc vimg hoa dd tham soi bdng xudng guang nudc mat bd. nhd cay Gao UN' nghi nhir dang cd sire vuan len cho xtrng vdi tam cao etia Thap But "Viet thanh thien" - bieu trung cho tri thdng minh. tru\en thdng van hda. hieu hgc. khi phach Ha Ngi. va biet bao nhieu cay cd thu huyen dieu. uy nghi \a du\en dang khac. nhu cay Da phd Hang Trdng, cay Xoai den Quan Thanh, rang Sau tren dudng Dinh Tien Hoang va hang cay boa Sti'a tren dudng Ngu>en Du \ .\ Xuat phat ttr gia trj khoa hgc, van hda, lich str va mdi trudng ctia ca\ cd thi.i. mgt de tai khao sat, nghien ciru ve cac cay lau nam cd gia tri cao ctia Ha Ngi da dugc thye hien mgt cich he thdng, nham thdng ke cic cay cd thi,i theo cac phuang phap khoa hgc, phan tich cau tnic loai. phan bd va sd lugng cac cay quy gia nay, ddng thdi de ra cac bien phap cham sdc va bio ve cbting trudc nhirng nguy ca bi xam bai. Kdt qua khao sat, kiem ke cay cd thu dugc the hien tren mgt he thdng ban dd cic dan vj hinh chinh cap quan, huyen ctia Hi ngi, vdi day dti cic thong tin: Ten cay (ten khoa hgc va ten thudng ggi); Vi tri phan bd; Tudi cay; Chieu cao. Toa do; Hinh thtrc phan bd (cay dgc lap, cum cay, bang cay v.v ). Ket qua cudi cting la Atlas cay cd thu Ha Ngi da gdp phan thiet thuc vao viec Ky niem IDOO nam Thang Long - Ha Ngi. Atlas nay khdng cbi dan thuan la tap hgp binh anh cac cay cd thu, ma la mgt cdng trinh khoa hgc tdng hgp nbtrng kien thtrc ve da dang sinh hgc thye vat Hi Ngi, mgt cdng trinh nghien ctru ve ddi tugng cd lien quan mat thiet vdi lich str, van hda va nhung truydn thdng tdt dep, cao thugng vi thanh Ijch ctia Ha Ngi. Atlas cay cd thy Ha Ngi dugc thye bien tai Trung tam Giao due va Truyen thdng Mdi trudng - Lien hiep cac hgi Khoa hgc vi Ky thuat Viet Nam, vdi sy tham gia cLia cac nhi nghien ciru thye vat, lam nghiep, cac chuyen gia ban dd. Mac dti tap thd tic gia da bdt sire cd ging nghien ctru vdi tat ci nbiet tinh, tinh yeu sau sac vi tinh thin trach nhiem ddi vdi Thti dd; song cung khdng tranh khdi nbtrng thieu sdt tdn tai trong cdng trinh nghien ctru nay. Trung tam Giio diic va Truyen thong Mdi trudng va tap thd tic gia ludn mong mudn nhan dugc nbtrng y kien ddng gdp, phe binh ctia ddc gia va cae co quan, cac ddng nghiep de cdng trinh nay se dirge stra chira, hoan thien ban khi td chtrc tii ban. [...]... gdm cac atlas dia ly chung cac atlas- chuyen de va cac atlas phirc hgp Atlas cay cd thu Ha Ngi thugc nhdm atlas chuyen de, phan inh ngi dung theo mgt chuyen de nio dd Trong nhdm nay cd the phan chi tiet ban thinb 2 nhdm: atlas chuyen de ty nhien va atlas chuyen de kinh te - xa hgi 3) Theo muc dich sir dung: phan ra thanh atlas tra ciru, atlas giio khoa, atlas du lich, atlas quan sy vi cic atlas vdi... tinh dac thti cua cic trang ban dd, cac atlas chi nen sir dt.ing ban che sd lugng nen co sd dia ly Xdy dung Atlas cdy cd thu Hd Ndi 4) Tinh hien thdi ctia atlas; la tieu chi quan trgng de danh gia chat lugng atlas Cbi khi nao str dung nhti'ng tu lieu mdi nhat va cd do tin cay cao thi mdi cd the dam bao cho gia trj khoa hgc va y nghTa thye tien cao ctia atlas 5) Atlas phai dugc trinh bay dep str dung... hoac gian tiep tren cac trang ban dd, bai viet Xdy dung Atlas cdy co ihu Hd Ndi '" ^ 2) Tinh hoan chinh cua ngi dung: atlas cd ngi dung hoan chinh cd nghTa la cac ban dd trong atlas can phai lam sing td tat ca cac \an de do de tai mtjc dich str dung va nhiem VIJ ctia atlas dat ra 3) Tinh thdng nhat: the hien qua hien tugng cac ban do bai viet trong atlas cd sy tuang hd va bd sung lan nhau, cd the de dang... ban cac atlas, ndi chung la mgt cdng viec to Idn va phirc tap can phai cd sy hieu biet sau sac cac ddi tugng va hien tugng ctia lanh thd va nhung thanh tyu phit trien khoa hgc cd lien quan phai tmg dung ly luan ban do hgc va trinh do ky thuat hien dai thi mdi cd the thanh lap dugc atlas cd chat lugng cao Tu duy ciia cac nhi bin do truyen vao atlas thdng qua ky thuat thinb lap atlas, bd cue atlas, ngi... vien Thdng Nhat do Chu tjch Hd Chi Minh trdng 1,2 TONG QUAN VE ATLAS 1.2.1 Djnh nghTa va phan loai Atlas khdng phai la td hgp cac loai ban dd lai mgt each may mdc, ma dd la mgt he thdng hoan chinh cac ban dd, bai viet va cac tranh anh minh hoa cd lien quan hiru co vdi nhau va bd sung cho nhau Atlas la mgt tdng the dugc tao nen dya Xdy dimg Atlas cdy cd thu Hd Ndi 12 tren muc dich nhat dinh, cd chu de... tdt nbat nham nang cao gii tri cita atlas nhu mgt tic pham nghe thuat hoin chinh, dau tu tap trung vi thye hien cdng phu 1.2.3 Bai viet thuyet minh trong atlas Trong atlas thudng cd mgt sd lugng nhat dinh cac bai viet thuyet minh, bang bieu, danh muc va cd the cd ca cac tra ctru dia danh Cic bai viet cd the phan thanh 3 loai: loai thtr nbat lien quan den gidi thieu atlas nhu cdng bd ban quyen, Hgi ddng... quan sy vi cic atlas vdi muc dich sir dung khac 1.2.2 Dac tinh ciia atlas Atlas la tie pham boan chinh vdi nbtrng dac tinh chu yeu la: tinh tu tudng chinh tri, tinh hoan chinh cua ngi dung, tinh thdng nbat, tinh hien dai va cd chat lugng cao ve in va trinh biy 1) Tinh chinh trj tu tudng: la tieu chuan quan trgng de danh gia chat lugng cua atlas Lap trudng, quan diem, thii do cua qudc gia ddi vdi nbtrng... the bien Vi vay, atlas khdng cbi phin anh trinh do ciia nha bin dd ma cdn bieu hien mirc do tiep can khoa hgc ky thuat tien tien ciia nhieu nganh khic nhu do dac, thdng ke, in an Cic atlas dugc phan loai chit yeu theo 3 loai: 1) Theo pham vi lanh thd: lanh thd dugc the bien trong cac trang ban dd cd the la ci the gidi, ttmg qudc gia, ttmg thanh phd Vdi cac ban dd bien cung phan theo atlas dai duong,... ban ve ddi tugng, hien tugng the hien tren ban dd; loai thir ba li he thdng bing bieu, danh muc nham chi tiet hda, be thdng hda mgt sd ngi dung ctia atlas Nhung bii viet, thuyet minh trong atlas cd tic dung rat quan trgng, la phan khdng the thieu trong mgt atlas Nhd lgi the ve str dijng ngdn ngti" chtr viet truyen thdng cita con ngirdi (ngdn ngti' than thugc) cic bai viet thudng dugc lim sinh ddng bdi... trang ban do ciia atlas thudng do so, thudng dat d cudi atlas, cd khi dugc coi la mgt tic pham dja ly dgc lap 1.2.4 Ngon ngu' ban do Ban dd la mgt loai cdng cu truyen dat thdng tin, trong dd ngdn ngtr ban dd trd thinh cdng cu truyen tin Trong ngdn ngtr ban dd, quan trgng nbat la ky hieu ban do va he thdng ky hieu dudi dang do hga Cung nhu ngdn ngtr van ty, ngdn ngtr ban Xdy dung Atlas cdy co thu Hd . 2 nhdm: atlas chuyen de ty nhien va atlas chuyen de kinh te - xa hgi. 3) Theo muc dich sir dung: phan ra thanh atlas tra ciru, atlas giio khoa, atlas du lich, atlas quan sy vi cic atlas vdi. cung phan theo atlas dai duong, cac bien, cac vinh 2) Theo ngi dung: gdm cac atlas dia ly chung. cac atlas- chuyen de va cac atlas phirc hgp. Atlas cay cd thu Ha Ngi thugc nhdm atlas chuyen. thanh lap dugc atlas cd chat lugng cao. Tu duy ciia cac nhi bin do truyen vao atlas thdng qua ky thuat thinb lap atlas, bd cue atlas, ngi dung, mau sac the bien Vi vay, atlas khdng cbi