- Phiro'ng phap quan sat, do dac: Bang kinh nghiem ctia minh, ket hgp
c. Tdc ddng cua con ngud
Cting vdi thdi gian con ngudi li yeu td manh me nhat tic ddng tdi ca> bdng mit ndi chung va cay cd thu ndi rieng.
- Qud trinh do thi hda
Dd thj hda li xu thd tit yeu phit trien etia xa hgi. Nhung dd thj hda thieu quy hoach. thidu cac giii phip bio tdn he thdng cay xanh bdng mat thi dd la qua trinh buy diet he thdng cay xanh. Khi xay dyng mdt khu dd thj mdi ngudi ta phai md dudng. san ndn va xay dyng nhtrng ngdi nha cao tang, thap tang. Vi de dim bao dting quy hoach ngudi ta sin sang phi bd tat ca nhtrng gi can dudng xay dyng. Nhtrng cay cd thu cung chju chung sd phan niy. Mdt cay Da. cay Bd de cd thti, khi xay ngdi nha vudng canh sin sang chat bd ngay, bay xay lan vio bam sit gdc cay. Cay Da d Thyy Khue, phd Nha Chung, phd Ld Due li nhtrng vi dy dien hinh cho tinh trang niy.
Chiing ta hay xem lai bang tdng hgp cay cd thu ctia 9 quan ndi thanh, cic
quan cu trung tam thanh phd nhu Ba Dinh, Hai Bi Trung, Hoin Kiem, Ddng Da li
nhtrng quan cdn nhidu cay cd thu. Cdn nhiing quan mdi xay dyng gan day vdi tdc
do dd thj hda qua nhanh cay cd thu cdn lai rat it. Cho nen ben canh nhtrng mat mat,
chiing ta van cd thd ty bio ring gitra trung tam Thti dd Ha Ndi ben canh Hd Guam cdn cd cay Da cd thy miy tram nam trong san Tda bao Nhan dan, cdn cd cay Gao cd thy mdi mtia ra hoa dd rye, cdn cd nhiJng cay Mudm hang tram nam luu gitr dugc ddn ngay nay d mgt sd Dinh Chita. Day cung la nhtrng tai sin khdng the djnh gii bang tien dugc.
- Qud trinh cdng nghiep hod
Bao ve mdi trudng ludn la uu tien hang dau dugc quan tam khi xay dyng cac
Xdy dung Alias cdy cd thu Hd Ndi
thai. Ddc hai ddi vdi con ngudi li dieu tat nhien. song ddi vdi cay xanh nbat la vdi nbtrng cay cd thy de man cim thi dieu niy cang ngu\ hai.
Trong qui trinh khao sat cay cd thii d viing ngoai thanh gin nhimg khu cdng nghiep d Ddng Anh, Sdc Son, Gia Lam deu cd hien tugng tan la cay kem phat trien, li rung nhieu khdng theo mtia. Khdi bui ctia nhtrng nhi miy thai ra bim vao li cay da lim cin trd qua trinh quang hgp ciia cay. giim sy sinh trudng va phit trien cua cay.
- Tdc ddng true tiep tir eon ngirdi
Tic ddng tryc tiep ciia con ngudi ddi vdi cay cd thu la rat Idn lam chet dan cay cd thu. Nhung tic ddng nay dudi hai dang:
+ Nhung tic ddng vd y thuc: Cd the dugc gay ra bdi tre em ngbjch chat phi gdc cay, khac ten ky niem vio than cay, hoac ngudi Idn phdng ue vio gdc cay ngiy niy qua ngay khic. Trong qui trinh khao sit cbting tdi da ghi nhan mgt sd hinh anh tai vudn hoa Chi Linh, Cdng vien Bach Thio lgi dung nhirng cay cd thu cd binh ve ldn da di ve sinh vio gdc cay.
Han chiing ta khdng quen trirdc cdng den Ngge San ngiy xua cd cay Gao cd thu, cay to binh ve ldn cao tdi gan dau ngudi, che khuat va la ngi di ve sinh thuan tien. Ngiy nay qua ngay khic, cay Gao chet dan rdi chet ban bdi sy nhiem ddc mdi trudng dat. Dat nhiem ddc den mirc khi trdng lai cay gao mdi, cay cung khdng phat trien dugc, sinh trudng cdi cgc. Cay Gao thu hai ben Hd Guam trudc Uy ban nhan dan Thinh phd cung se lap lai tuong ty nhu vay neu nhu cbting ta khdng lim hang rao bao ve.
Sy vd y thtrc cua con ngudi cd the do chua hieu biet gia trj cay bdng mat trong dd cd cay cd thy, cd the cdn do sy tuyen truyen thdng tin ctia chiing ta cdn qua it va cung cd thd do he thdng quy che phap quy ve bao ve cay bdng mit chua dii manh cd tie dung giio dye, ran de.
+ Nhung tic dgng cd chii y: Viec nay cting dien ra thudng xuyen lien tuc rieng ddi vdi cay cd thu cang nguy hai ban. Ngudi ta dting cay cd thu lam noi treo bidn quang cao, ddng dinh cang day, lam tru treo dan day cap dien, dien thoai... Didn hinh la hang cay Sao Den phd Ld Dtic, mgt sd cay cd thu trong vudn hoa Ly Thii Td.
37
Xdy dung Atlas cdy cd thu Hd Ndi
Cay cd thu cao cd bdng mit la nai rat thuan tien de md quan ban hang xa\ ke xung quanh gdc ca\. re cay anh hudng den sinh trudng cua cay. Tham chi cdn xay ca bang Thdng tin. cira hing ngay gdc cay nhu Cay Da Nha Bd phd Ld Dtic.
Xa ban ntra trong thdi ky bao cap khd khan ca\ cd thu Ha Ndi la ddi tirgng chat de lay gd str dung.
Hai cay Gao, cay Mudm trudc cdng Den Sdc, ban 20 nam trudc day da bj chat de lay gd ddng ban ghe cho hgc sinh ctia xa.
Cay Gao ben de Sdng Hdng lang Phti Thugng. nam khdi nghTa cich mang Thing Tim la nai treo cd dd sao vang, cung cay gao niy trd thinb cdt tieu cho Doin quan Trung doin Thti dd rtit khdi Ha Ngi lam dich den de vum Sdng Hdng. Nhung cung cich day 20 nam cay gao cting da bi chat lay gd ddng ban ghe cho hgc sinh, cho xa. Vi cdn nhieu cay cd thy khac da bj xe thjt trong nhtrng nam khd khan thieu thdn ma cbting tdi chua thdng ke bet dugc.
Nhtrng tic ddng tryc tiep cd chti y ctia con ngirdi dugc ngan chan neu chimg ta cd quy che va quan ly chat che ctmg vdi sy tuyen truyen rgng rai trong cdng ddng.
III.1.6. Cac giai phap ve bao ton cay CO thu Ha Noi
a. Gidi phdp ve td chirc qudn ly
Cay cd thu phan bd rai rac d cdng vien, vudn hoa, tren dudng phd, trong khudn vien cac co quan, cdng sd, cac thdn xa thugc rat nhieu don vj nha nudc, tap the, ca nhan quan ly. Hien nay chua cd mgt co quan nao thdng nhat quan ly.
Hien nay qua dieu tra khao sit mdi mdt cay cd thu da cd mdt ma sd, cd vi tri dja diem thugc cic xa, phudng, thdn xdm, dudng phd, cd tga do dja ly, cd cac cbi sd ve cay vi dac diem sinh thai... Van de hien nay la each quan ly va don vi nao la ngudi tryc tiep quan ly.
- Trudc bet viec quan ly cay cd thu phai do mgt co quan nha nudc quan ly. Co quan dd cd the la Cdng ty TNHH nha nudc mgt thanh vien cay xanh Ha Ngi.
- Sau dd tren co sd tham djnh danh gia he thdng cay cd thu, cdng ty de nghj len Thanh phd hay Sd xay dyng ra nhtrng van ban cdng nhan nhti'ng cay cd thiJ dd la tai san ciia Nha nudc, va cac don vj co sd se phdi hgp vdi co quan chtrc nang cting nhau quan ly, chain sdc va bao ve.
Xdy dung A lias cdy cd thu Hd Ndi
Nhirng dien bien va sy cd say ra vdi cay cd thy dugc thdng tin cap nhat ve ca quan quan ly de cd nhtrng giai phip xir ly. Kinh phi quan ly hang nam se do ngan sach dai thg.
b. Gidi phdp ve ca che chinh sdch
Cay cd thy khdng chi rieng Hi Ndi, ma cac tinh thanh khac cung cd nhu tinh Ha Tay (da thudc ve Ha Ndi) vi Ninh Binh da lim. Bd Xay dyng da cd van ban vd quy che quan ly cay xanh dd thi. thdi gian tdi Bd Xay dyng cung phai ban hanh quy che ve quan ly va bio tdn cic cay cd thu tren pham vi ca nudc. Day la ca sd dau tien de cac tinh thinh td chuc khao sat kietn ke cay cd thu trong pham vi ranh gidi hanh chinh dja phuang quan ly.
Khic vdi cay bdng mat thdng thudng, neu mat di cd the trdng lai dugc. Nhung ddi vdi cay cd thu khi bi xam hai lam cay chet. chung ta se mat vTnb vien. Vi vay ddi vdi Thanh phd Hi Ndi:
- Cd van ban cdng nhan nhtrng cay cd thy trong pham vi Thanh phd Ha Ndi la tii sin cd gia trj bao tdn dugc nhi nudc quan ly bio ve.
- Ban hanh quy che va xtr ly hanh chinh ddi vdi nhtrng vi pham ddi vdi cay cd thu.
Ha Ngi da md rdng sat nhap them Ha Tay va vai dia phuang khac, sd cay cd thu se tang len nhieu v i pham vi cting se md rdng. De quan ly va bao ve cay cd thy cd hieu qua can thiet phii thinh lap mdt bg phan nam trong Cdng ty cdng vien cay xanh Hi Ndi. Bg phan nay cd nhiem vu theo ddi he thdng cay cd thu trong Thinb phd, td chtic chain sdc, bdn phan, bao dudng, de xuat nhtrng giai phap khi cd nhtrng sy cd xay ra ddi vdi cay cd thy.
c. Gidi phdp ve khoa hgc cdng nghe
Cay cd thy la mgt phan nhd dac biet ciia he thdng cay bdng mat ctia Ha Ndi. De bao tdn lau dai, ngoai nhtrng bien phip bao ve can cd sy nghien ctru khoa hgc ve cay cd thu de dua ra nhirng giai phap gin giii. Mgt sd ngi dung cin nghien ctru la:
- Nghien ctru qui trinh sinh trudng ctia cay v i sy thanh thuc cua cay. - Nghien ctru cac bien phap bdn phan cho cay cd thiJ.
Xdy dung Alius cdy cd thu Hd Ndi ^^
- Nghien ctru tinh hinh sau benh hai. qui trinh muc. rdng rudt ctia mgt sd loai cay cd thij.
Ket qua ctia cdng tie nghien ctru niy cho phep chiing ta dua ra nhung giai phip khoa hgc de bao tdn v i phit tridn cay cd tbtj tren 2 ITnh vyc:
- Tang cudng chat dinh dudng cho cay phit trien tdt ban lam tang tudi thg ctia cay.
- Phdng trir sau benh hai va muc than canh.
d. Gidi phdp ve tuyen truyen gido due
Mudn bao ve dugc cay cd thi^i, trudc bet ngudi dan phii hidu dugc gii tri ciia cay cd thu.
Trirdc tien phai nhanh chdng tdng ket cdng viec dieu tra cay cd thu, cdng bd tren phuang tien truyen thdng ve cay cd thu Ha Ndi.
Td chtrc cudc thi anh nghe thuat ve cay cd thu Ha Ndi. Ha Tay da lam, phan cdn lai ctia Ha Ngi se lim tiep. Sau dd se lam tap inh gidi thieu nbtrng cay cd thu dac biet va dep ctia H i Ndi.
Khi tap Atlas cay cd thu Ha Ndi hinh thanh, viec gidi thieu cac di tich Ijch sir, cac Dinh Chtia nen gan lien vdi viec gidi thieu cac cay cd thu.
Vi dij; Khi khach den tham quan den Quan Thinh. sau khi van cinh chtia, tham tugng ddng den khdng nen bd qua gidi thieu hang cay Mudm tren 300 tudi, dugc trdng cting thai vdi viec dtic tugng trting tu den.
Hoac den tham chtia Mdt Cdt, cting khdng quen gidi thieu cay Dai, cay Roi 300 tudi.
Thdng qua viec gidi thieu nay, mgi ngudi se hieu rd gia tri ctia cay ban va biet tran trgng bao ve nhtrng cay cd thu.
Cudi cimg la td chtrc in an cac td roi bao gdm Idi gidi thieu va anh cac cay cd thu, day la bien phap tham dan tham lau de y nghTa va gia tri cay cd thu den vdi cdng ddng.
Nhu d phan md dau cbting tdi da trinh bay, cay cd thu Ha Ngi la nbtrng nhan chirng Ijch sir trong qua trinh phat trien Ha Ngi. Cay cd thtj cdn the hien net van hda mang ban sic ctia dan tdc, cd gia trj tam linh ddi vdi ngudi Viet Nam.
Xdy dung Atlas cdy cd thu Hd Ndi
Tim hieu gii trj ciia cay cd thu, tdn virrii cbting va bao tdn lau dai cdn cd y nghTa thiet thye de chuan bj ky niem 1000 nam Thang Long - Ha Ndi.
III.2. T H A N H LAP CAC BAN D O VE CAY CO THU HA NOI
III.2.1. Bien tap cac ban do toan thanh pho
Theo de cuong thiet ke da dugc duyet, cd 3 ban dd cap thanh phd trong Atlas, bao gdm:
- Bin dd hanh chinh thinh phd Ha Ndi ty le 1/350.000: the hien toin bd 29 quan, huyen, thj xa den thdi diem thing 5 nam 2009. Ben canh viec the hien sy phan chia hanh chinh chi tiet, ban dd the hien cac yeu td ty nhien. kinh te, xa hdi chii yeu ciia lanh thd, ddng thdi cung the hien sy gan ket dja ly vdi cac tinh lan can.
- Ban dd thim cay xanh Ha Ndi ty le 1/150.000: the hien sy phan bd cac loai cay xanh trong cinh quan chung ctia khu vyc nghien ctru ctia de tii (khu vyc Ha Ndi cu). Vdi viec the hien nhtrng thim cay xanh chinh tren dia bin Ha Ndi trudc khi md rdng cudi nam 2008, ban do se gidi thieu tdng quan ve nhung thanh tyu dat dugc trong nd lyc gitr gin dien tich trdng cay xanh cho Thti dd.
- Ban dd phan bd cay cd thu ctia Hi Ngi ty le 1/150.000: The hien sy phan bd cac cay cd thy tren khu vyc nghien ctru ciia de tai (khu vyc Ha Ndi cu). Day li ban dd duy nhit trong Atlas thd hien hau bet cac cay cd thu ingc theo cum hoac phan bd rai rac tren cac quan huyen ctia Ha Ndi trudc khi md rdng, dua ra mdt hinh inh trung thye, khai quit ve hien trang phan bd cay cd thu theo ket qua dieu tra khao sit mdi nhat, khoa hgc nhat.
Mac dti cac ban dd trong nhdm nay the hien ngi dung khac nhau nhung nhin chung phuang phap xay dyng ban dd nen va bien tap cac yeu td chinh cd mgt sd diem gidng nhau, cu the nhu sau: