Báo cáo thực địa Hòa Bình

REPORT ON EXPOSING IN KIM BOI DISTRICT , HOA BINH PROVINCE NguynTh Hi 1 Contents ABSTRACT 3 I. Introduction 4 1.1 Geographical position. 4 1.2 Natural geographical features 5 1.3 Geologic conditions 6 1.4 Climate characteristics 7 1.5 Socio-economic characteristic 8 1.5.1 Population characteristic 8  9 1.5.2 Economy 9 1.6 Outline of report 10 II. Methodology 10 2.1 Methodology in the field. 10 2.1.1 Objectives 10 2.1.2 Obtained results: 10 2.2 Methodology in the laboratory. 12 III. Stratigraphy and Rock Units 14 3.1 Stratigraphy 14 3.1.1 Cam Thuy formation (P 3 ct) 15 3.1.2 Vien Nam formation (T1 vn) 16 3.1.3 Co Noi formation (T1 cn) 17 3.1.4 Dong Giao formation (T2a dg) 18 3.1.5 Song Boi formation (T2-3 sb) 19 3.1.6 Suoi Bang formation (T3n-r sb) 20 3.1.7 Quaternary sediments 22 3.2 . Sedimentary units 22 REPORT ON EXPOSING IN KIM BOI DISTRICT , HOA BINH PROVINCE NguynTh Hi 2 3.2.1. Tuff originated sediment of Co Noi formation.(T1cn) 22 3.2.2: Terrigene sediment of Song Boi formation(T2-3sb) 23 3.2.3 Coal deposit with sandstone and siltstone in Suoi Bang formation(T3n-r sb). 23 3.3 Igneous units 26 3.3.1 Cam Thuy formation (P3ct) 26 3.3.2 Vien Nam formation 27 3.3.3 Ba Vi complex ( 1 bv) 28  3 n pb) 29 IV. Tectonic characteristics 29 4.1. Historical tectonic units 29 4.1.1 Lower tectonic stage: rift structural complex (P 3 - T 3 ) 30 4.1.2 Middle tectonic stage(T 3 n-r sb) 31 4.1.4. Upper tectonic stage (Q) 32 4.2 Morpholotectonic forms 32 4.2.1 Kim Boi uplifted block 32 4.2.2 Ha Bi anticlinorium 33 4.2.3 Song Boi graben 34 4.3 Tectonic faults 34 4.3.1 The Northwest - southeast fault system 34 4.3.2 The Northeast - Southwest fault system 35 4.4 Ductile structures 36 V. Geological History 38 5. 1. Pre-Cenozoic period 38 5.2. Cenozoic period 39 VI: Mineral resources 39 6.1 Metallic Mineral 39 6.2 Non-metallic Minerals 40 6.3 Building Materials 40 REPORT ON EXPOSING IN KIM BOI DISTRICT , HOA BINH PROVINCE NguynTh Hi 3 6.4 Mineral Water 41 VII: Conclusions 42 VIII: REFERENCES: 42 ABSTRACT During the short time, from July,13th to July18th 2013, K55 International Geology class of Hanoi University of Science had taken part in a field trip in Kim Boi district , Hoa Binh province. This field trip is a chance for all students who studied Geology to improve and contact knowledge by researching geological phenomenon in the field trip. As well as, we were learnt how to use the necessary geologist tools: topographic map and compass and directly measure data and collect samples.  Structural Geology and Geological  to review and evaluate the expression of them in practice. Through the field trip, students can study clearly the characteristic distribution of topography, vegetation, and establishing the stratigraphic sequence, dating formations, recognizing structures, finding ore minerals in the study area. Besides that due to the field trip observations and measurements data in the directly way, as well as, to collect hand specimens to analysis . After the expose point, students located in the filed map, collected information, samples, geophysical survey and measured data to write in the fieldtrip notebook. Particularly, in the field trip , we practiced to survey 6 field itineraries crossing all the geological formations, from the oldest to youngest and all the types and elements of the region structure , which includes: Lang Chanh itinerary, Lang Noi itinerary, Kim Tien itinerary, Kim Binh-Kim Boi itinerary, Lang Vo itinerary. Moreover, we went through 7 stratigraphical units, from oldest to youngest in the Kim Boi area. They are: Cam Thuy formation (P 3 ct), Vien Nam formation (T 1 vn), Co Noi formation (T 1 cn),Dong Giao formation (T 2a dg), Song Boi formation (T 32 sb) ,Suoi Bang formation (T 3 n-r sb), Quaternary formations apQ. Besides, we need to investigate on the stratigraphical units in the region and investigate on all the geological boundaries in Kim Boi region, as well as researching Kim Boi mineral resources. This is a significantly good chance for students of Geology faculty to study and research in the field as a first step. On this occasion, we would like to sincerely thank REPORT ON EXPOSING IN KIM BOI DISTRICT , HOA BINH PROVINCE NguynTh Hi 4 faculty of Geology and Hanoi University of Science for organizing this course and giving us the great support during these days. Last but not least, we would love to give special gratitude to our advisors, Prof. Nguyen Van Vuong, Dr. Luong Thi Thu Hoai and Dr. Nguyen Thi Minh Thuyet for their guidance and advises who helped us endless to accomplish the successful course. I. Introduction 1.1 Geographical position. On a map of Vietnam, Hoa Binh is a mountainous province, which borders with the Red River Delta and many roads, waterways where links to the provinces of Phu Tho, Ha Tay, Ha Nam, Ninh Binh, Hoa Binh and is the gateway of the Northwest area and 76 km far from Hanoi as well. Hoa Binh province has 10 districts: Da Bac, Mai Chau, Tan Lac, Lac Son, Kim Boi, Luong Son, Lac Thuy, Yen Thuy, Ky Son and Hoa Binh town with 214 communes. In terms of geographic location, Hoa Binh is the intermediate buffer zone between a northern delta area and one side is the high mountains, dense forests of the northwest, through traffic is via Highway 6 (the road) and River The majority (waterways) in the north. Peace bordering the capital Hanoi and have important positions in the defense strategy of the region and nation. This is also known for hydropower plants which have been built and gone into effective use since 1979, with a capacity of 8.16 billion KWh and the dam that is 128m in height. Kim Boi is a mountainous district of Hoa Binh province with geographic coordinates:   The total area of the district is 180 km ² , the center of the district is the Bo town, 80km southwest far from Hanoi where was chosen as place to train the courses Geological structure and mapping geology. This area has favorable natural, economic, social, human conditions and as well as being an area to ensure the requirements of outdoor practice of this subject. It borders with Ha Tay province to the east, Luong Son district to the north, Ky Son and Hoa Binh town to the west, Lac Son, Yen Thuy and Lac Thuy districts to the south. The district includes 27 communes, in which 3 communes are in the exploring itinerary: Nam Thuong, Kim Binh and Kim Tien. Kim Boi is located along the banks of Boi river, inter-district road and 12B high way. REPORT ON EXPOSING IN KIM BOI DISTRICT , HOA BINH PROVINCE NguynTh Hi 5 Figure1 : The location of Kim Boi district, Hoa Binh province. 1.2 Natural geographical features Kim Boi is the mountainous which terrain is separated sharply, mostly oriented to the northwest-southeast. According to the morphological and structural characteristics, terrain can be divided into the following form: - High mountain terrain: with an average elevation of 600-800m that distribute mainly in the Southwest, the terrain is major block foundation and the main rock is granite. There are some high mountain peaks with the elevation of 814m, 784 m and 611 m. - Average mountains and hills: mainly develop on carbonate rocks, which belongs to Dong Giao formation (T2a dg), distributed along the left bank of Boi river. There are many steep slopes with average elevation of 400-600 m, where karst topography develops. This terrain distributes mainly in the east of the Kim Boi intrusive mass, like Roc Da peak (494m) - Low hills: this type of terrain develops in the extrusive rock of Vien Nam formation ( T1 vn) and the tuff terrigenous rocks of Co Noi formation(T1 cn). This terrain distributes mainly in the south and north of the research area and has gentle slopes which covered with vegetation. REPORT ON EXPOSING IN KIM BOI DISTRICT , HOA BINH PROVINCE NguynTh Hi 6 - Valley topography: This terrain type is mainly distributed along the Boi River in northwest-southeast direction, producing the Valley of Boi River. This has flat surface and divided into different high levels, with 30 meters in wide, slightly inclined toward the river, which is the rice field and region where people live. + Level I terrace: distributes along the river banks, closed to the alluvial ground and near the limestone mountain. The height is about 4-6 m above the river, narrow width, however, in some places, the width of the terrace can be up to 30 meters. + Level II terrace: elevation of about 10-15 m above the river, between level I and level II terrace; is the vegetable field and villages. + Level III terrace is the oldest terrace of Boi river valley with more than 15m in height. The left part of level III terrace is very rare due to erosion. It only exists as relic hill, bowl hill. On soil:  plants, ration plants to fruit plants. Because of Topography and climate should Hoa Binh land divided into two obvious parts: alpine average, including red wine soil feralit ebony content 6-7%, due to high humidity, the temperature a low, this area is very favorable for forestry development. Hills and low mountains, including land feralit red wine scholar and regions, including the soil accounted for 45-80%. Most areas along rivers and streams every year due to another by a thick coating sa should be very favorable for growing rice, in the blood. 1.3 Geologic conditions In the study area, there is mainly the presence of sedimentary formation and eruption aged from Late Permian to Quaternary. Cam Thuy Formation (P3 ct) is mainly the forming eruption of magma differentiation in ultramafic, intermediate to acid. Formation is relatively wide distributed in different areas. The formation of the Vien Nam Formation (P3-T1 VN) also exposes a narrow band that border around the the northern edge of Kim Boi block. Eruptions of this formation is continuous differentiation from mafic, intermediate to acid. Dong Giao Formation contains mainly limestone alternating sandwiched layers or clay lenses and calcareous siltstone.The basement layers of Boi River Formation (T2-3 sb) covered unconformably up Anisi limestone of Dong Giao Formation. Boi River Formation consists of sand granules, siltstones that contain sandwiched layers of shale and black coal- shale. Suoi Bang Formation (T3n-r sb) consists of siltstone, dark gray claystone in thin bedding. Alternating between the layers REPORT ON EXPOSING IN KIM BOI DISTRICT , HOA BINH PROVINCE NguynTh Hi 7 are lenticular coal seams. Cover a large area of research is the Quaternary sediments. In addition to the sedimentary formation and eruption above, intrusive activities act strong as well. Products of these activities create intrusive complexes such as Ba Vi (dP3 bv) and Phia Bioc (gaT3n pb).In tectonic characteristics, the study area lies entirely in the Northwest fold system of Indosinian stage of the SouthEast Da River structure. This structure is composed of complex system - tectonic rift (P3-T2-3) and complex formation orogeny architecture (T3 nr). 1.4 Climate characteristics Hoa Binh Province lies in the tropical monsoon climate zone. It is cold in the winter with less rain and hot with much rain in the summer. The mean temperature is over 23 0 C. The highest temperature is recorded in July at average of 27-29 0 C, while the lowest temperature is reported in January in the range of 15.5 - 16.5 0 C. It receives about 1,800 mm of rainfall annually. The mean humidity is 83%.  The wet season lasts from May to the end of October. Average rainfall in the rainy season is estimated at 1,700  2,500 mm, accounting for over 90% of the yearly rainfall total. The high mountainous area of Mai Chau and plains alone, the wet season sets in 15 to 20 days late. Especially, in the areas of Kim Boi, Chi Ne and Yen Thuy, the combined seasonal and yearly rainfall is larger. To contrary, the least seasonal and yearly rainfall is recorded for the Mai Chau area. The dry season begins in November and ends in April, with annual average rainfall of 150 to 250 mm, representing merely 10% of the yearly rainfall total. In the peak months of the winter (December, January and February), total monthly rainfall is reportedly roughly 30 mm. ombined with a large number of high mountains and charming natural scenery, make Hoa Binh an ideal place to rest and visit. Besides, water courses (rivers and streams) are well distributed across the province, encompassing large rivers, namely Da River, Boi River, Buoi River and Bui River. REPORT ON EXPOSING IN KIM BOI DISTRICT , HOA BINH PROVINCE NguynTh Hi 8 1.5 Socio-economic characteristic 1.5.1 Population characteristic Hoa Binh has a population by far has more than 800,000, of which working-age population totals 523,400, accounting for 64%. It is estimated that 14.5 thousand employments are generated per year, exceeding an annual target of 13,000 jobs. The seen to enjoy a year-on year growth of 8% during the 2000 - 2005 period. In particular, the industrial and construction sector had an annual expansion of 16%, with an 18.5% bounce in industry and handicraft and a 12% rise in construction. Meanwhile, the agriculture, forestry and fisheries sector surged by 4.9% and the service sector accelerated by 8.2%. Additionally, several socio-economic targets were met at high              province and service sectors. New products have emerged as a result of the application of more advanced technologies in industry and service. Some improvements have been recorded for changing the structure of agriculture. Hoa Binh is home to multi-ethnicities, including six main groups: Kinh (accounting for 27.7%), Muong (63.3%), Thai (3.99%), Tay (2.71%), Dao (1.73%), f 170 people per sq km in 2006. Its population is unevenly distributed, with roughly 80 % living in lowlands and in the city. Per capita income in Hoa Binh is estimated at VND 4.3 million, higher than a target of VND 4 million. (Source: Hoa Binh Province’s Socio-Economic Development Plan for the 2006 – 2010 period) REPORT ON EXPOSING IN KIM BOI DISTRICT , HOA BINH PROVINCE NguynTh Hi 9  and density in 2005: Table 1: Hoa Binh’s administrative divisions, population and density, 2005 No. City and districts No. of communes No. of wards and towns Land area (Sq. km) Average population (People) 1 Hoa Binh City 6 8 133 83,607 2 Da Bac District 20 1 820 51,800 3 Mai Chau District 21 1 519 49,670 4 Ky Son District 9 1 202 35,307 5 Luong Son District 17 1 375 82,014 6 Cao Phong District 12 1 254 41,014 7 Kim Boi District 35 2 681 142,370 8 Tan Lac District 23 1 523 78,791 9 Lac Son District 28 1 580 132,384 10 Lac Thuy District 12 1 293 50,140 11 Yen Thuy District 12 1 282 63,033 Total 195 19 4,662 810.130 (Source: Hoa Binh Department of Statistics) 1.5.2 Economy People live mainly by agriculture. The main crops are corn, potatoes, watermelon fruit, sugar, grapefruit. Some specialities in this area are bamboo, taro, bamboo-rice, wine. - Agriculture and forestry are the main source of income. - Industry: there were very few plants, factories and industrial production in the past. With the development of industrialization, however, there are now small and medium-scale factories in the areas such as cement, brick, sugar, building material factories. - Commercial and services: With the participation of many economic sectors,              REPORT ON EXPOSING IN KIM BOI DISTRICT , HOA BINH PROVINCE NguynTh Hi 10 trademark of the area. However, the facilities for tourism and resort is still not good enough to satisfy national and foreign customers. In short, agricultural production in Kim Boi is not specialized and there is no long- term development plan as well. Deforestation is also a serious problem in here. Particularly, Kim Boi has potential in gold mining and building material , but it is not developed in the area. The coal mine in the area is small and used for local needs. 1.6 Outline of report We have fulfilled the final report which includes: 1) Introduction to natural, physic-economical conditions 2) Methodology 3) Stratigraphy and rock units 4) Tectonics and geological structures 5) History of geological evolution 6) Mineral resources II. Methodology 2.1 Methodology in the field. 2.1.1 Objectives  Observations and measurements several typical features in geology in the area survey, to clearly understand of the knowledge on the subject Structural Geology, Tectonics and Geological Mapping  The equipment was used to collect data that includes :area photographs, topographic maps, geological map(1:50000 scale) and soil surveys, as well as types of equipment survey compass, altimeter, GPS device, geological hammer 2.1.2 Obtained results:  During the short time(July, 13 th  July 18 th 2013) we practiced to survey 6 field itineraries crossing all the geological formations, from the oldest to youngest and all the types and elements of the region structure , which includes: 1. Lang Chanh itinerary 2. Lang Noi itinerary 3. Kim Tien itinerary