Ảnh hưởng sinh địa hóa khu vực bãi thải than chính bắc, mỏ than núi béo tới sự phát triển cây jatropha

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI HANOI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE FACULTY OF GEOLOGY Nguyen Thi Hai ECOLOGICAL GEOLOGY IN CHINH BAC TAILINGS OF NUI BEO COAL MINE, HALONG CITY FOR THE GROWTH OF JATROPHA CURCAS L. Thesis of Bachelor of Science Major: Geology (International Undergraduate Program) Hanoi - 2014 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI HANOI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE FACULTY OF GEOLOGY Nguyen Thi Hai ECOLOGICAL GEOLOGY IN CHINH BAC TAILINGS OF NUI BEO COAL MINE, HALONG CITY FOR THE GROWTH OF JATROPHA CURCAS L. Supervisor: Dr. Nguyen Thi Hoang Ha Thesis of Bachelor of Science Major: Geology (International Undergraduate Program) Hanoi - 2014 ACKNOWLEGEMENTS First of all, I would like to thank Dr Nguyen Thi Hoang Ha, for her enthusiastic support throughout my thesis writing period. She did not only give me her enthusiasm, her inspiration and her great efforts to explain things clearly and simply but also provide encouragement and sound advice in the thesis process. Without her guidance and persistent help, my thesis would not have been possible. I am also indebted to VNU, Hanoi University of Science and Faculty of Geology for supporting the best condition to complete this thesis and sharing the valuable knowledge when I studied here. Additionally, I am special grateful to the staff members of Soil Science Department for their generous assistance and their helping endless from the individuals and organizations to help me analyze samples for my thesis. Last but not least I would like to thank my family and my friends who have always pushed, encouraged me to achieve excellence and bring me the best conditions to study, help me to get my goals. Again, I sincerely thank you! Hanoi, 28 th May, 2014. Student Nguyen Thi Hai CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1. LITERATURE REVIEW AND INTRODUCTION OF THE STUDY AREA 3 1.1. Introduction and literature review on Jatropha curcas L. 3 1.1.1. Origin and spread 3 1.1.2. Biological characteristics 3 1.1.3. Cultivation 4 1.2. Literature review 5 1.2.1. In the world 5 1.2.2. In Vietnam 6 1.3. Introduction of study area 7 1.3.1. Natural conditions 7 1.3.2. Socio-economic conditions 9 CHAPTER 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 10 2.1. Field survey and sampling 10 2.2. Sample treatment and analysis 10 CHAPTER 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 15 3.1. Status of the plant growth 15 3.2. Physicochemical characteristics of surface mine tailings 17 3.2.1. Soil texture 17 3.2.2. Soil moisture 18 3.2.3. Organic matters (OM) 19 3.2.4. pH KCl 20 3.2.5. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) 23 3.2.6. Macro essential elements 24 3.2.7. Micronutrients 29 3.3. Assessment of ecological geology of Chinh Bac mine tailings for the growth of Jatropha 35 CONCLUSIONS 39 REFERENCES 40 APPENDIX 44 FIGURE CAPTIONS Figure 1. Location of the study area 8 Figure 2. Location of samples 10 Figure 3. Sampling at Chinh Bac mine tailings 11 Figure 4. Sample drying 11 Figure 5. Sample grinding 11 Figure 6. Determination of soil texture and suspended solutions 12 Figure 7. Digestion to estimate total nitrogen, kali, phosphorus 13 Figure 8. Digestion machine 13 Figure 9. Jatropha near QN-03 16 Figure 10. Jatropha near QN-05 16 Figure 11. Jatropha near QN-07 16 Figure 12. Jatropha near QN-09 16 Figure 13. Jatropha near QN-12 16 Figure 14. Jatropha at QN-01qg 16 Figure 15. Jatropha near QN-04qg 17 Figure 16. Jatropha near QN-06qg 17 Figure 17. Jatropha near QN-08qg 17 Figure 18. Soil moisture 18 Figure 19. Organic matters in samples 19 Figure 20. pH KCl 20 Figure 21. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) 24 Figure 22. The concentrations of total nitrogen in samples 25 Figure 23. The concentrations of available nitrogen in samples 26 Figure 24. The concentrations of total phosphorus in samples 27 Figure 25. The concentrations of available phosphorus in samples 27 Figure 26. The concentrations of total potassium in samples 28 Figure 27. The concentrations of available potassium in samples 29 Figure 28. The concentrations of available manganese in samples 30 Figure 29. The concentrations of available copper in samples 31 Figure 30. The concentrations of available zinc in samples 32 Figure 31. The concentrations of available cobalt in samples 33 Figure 32. The concentrations of available molybdenum in samples 34 Figure 33. The concentrations of available boron in samples 35 TABLE CAPTIONS Table 1. Temperature ( 0 C) in 2010 and 2011 in Bai Chay area 9 Table 2. Average rainfall (mm) in 2010 and 2011 in Bai Chay area 9 Table 3. The status conditions of plant growth 15 Table 4. Soil texture and soil classification 18 Table 5. Correlation among physicochemical parameters of mine tailings 22 Table 6. Correlation of parameters between samples collecting around plant and between plants 23 Table 7. Assessment of some ecogeological conditions for the growth of Jatropha 36 Table 8. Assessment of Chinh Bac mine tailings for plant growth 38 ABBREVIATIONS CEC Cation exchange capacity OM Organic matter Nts Total nitrogen Ntp Available nitrogen Pts Total phosphorus Pdt Available phosphorus Kts Total potassium Kdt Available potassium TPCG Soil texture 1 INTRODUCTION Due to a rapid increase in global energy demand and adverse environmental impacts of fossil fuels, much emphasis has been given for exploitation of renewable sources of energy. Among the various renewable energy choices, Jatropha curcas L. has recently been hailed as a promising bio-energy crop to help alleviate the energy crisis and generate income in rural areas of developing countries. Popular claims on drought tolerance, low nutrient requirement, pest and disease resistance and high yields have triggered the expectations of using this plant for simultaneous wasteland reclamation, fuel production, and poverty reduction. In Vietnam, the orientation for biofuel development to 2015 with a vision to 2025 has attracted extensive attention. Many researches on J. curcas L. have been carried out to determine its feasibility for biodiesel production, physico-chemical characteristics, growth conditions, and technologies to increase productivity and oil content. Although this plant can be adapted with unfavorable growth environment, seed yields have been reported to be dependent on ecological conditions. However, no previous study has investigated the growth conditions of mine tailings for both reclamation and biofuel purpose. This fact highlights the need to conduct the study on “Ecological geology in Chinh Bac tailings of Nui Beo coal mine, Ha Long city for the growth of Jatropha curcas L.” The objective of this thesis is to assess the features of ecological geology in Chinh Bac mine tailings for the growth of J. curcas L. The main contents of this thesis are as follows: - To collect and understand the natural and social conditions in the study area; - To review previous researches on J. curcas L.; - To conduct field survey and collect soil samples; - To determine some physicochemical characteristics of surface tailings; - To assess the impact of ecogeological conditions for the growth of J. curcas L. [...]... 0.72 0.10 Many leaves Samples Description Reference samples QN-R 15 Figure 9 Jatropha near QN-03 Figure 10 Jatropha near QN-05 Figure 11 Jatropha near QN-07 Figure 12 Jatropha near QN-09 Figure 13 Jatropha near QN-12 Figure 14 Jatropha at QN-01qg 16 Figure 15 Jatropha near QN-04qg Figure 16 Jatropha near QN-06qg Figure 17 Jatropha near QN-08qg 3.2 Physico-chemical characteristics of surface mine tailings... Quoc Huy et al., 2007) Jatropha is a fast growing tree Although Jatropha starts yielding 9 - 12 months after the plantation, best yields are usually obtained after 2 - 3 years Moreover, from the fifth year of plantation, the production will be stable Jatropha tree are believed to have a lifespan of 30 to 50 years or more (Le Quoc Huy et al., 2007) Oil is derived from the seeds of Jatropha plant The productivity... content of Jatropha, land availability of Jatropha production, water requirement and use by Jatropha in a semi-arid tropical location have also been reported (Maes et al., 2009; Kalam et al., 2012; Rao et al., 2012; Wen et al., 2013) 5 Some researchers have been carried out to determine the ability of this plant for multipurpose Agamuthu et al (2010) and Ahmadpour et al (2010) showed that Jatropha were... tailings of Nui Beo coal mine The plantation area of Jatropha is approximately 1.15ha A total of 100 Jatropha trees were planted in this area from May, 2013 Figure 2 Location of samples In the field survey, 11 samples were collected, including 1 reference sample (QN-R) and 10 samples at the plantation area (5 samples around Jatropha tree and 5 samples between Jatropha trees) (Figure 2) In each sampling location,... Introduction and literature review on Jatropha curcas L 1.1.1 Origin and spread Jatropha curcas L is commonly known as Jatropha or physic nut, which belongs to the large Euphobiaceae family This is a multi-purpose tree and is found through the tropical regions There is general agreement that the original area of distribution of J curcas L (here after referred to as Jatropha) is Mexico and continental... extracting heavy metals from soil, sewage sludge, and coal fly ash The potential of Jatropha for phytoremediation and reclamation was also reported (Jamil et al., 2009; Agamuthu et al., 2010; Ahmadpour et al., 2010; Luhach et al., 2012) Studies on medicinal property, phytochemistry and pharmacology of several Jatropha species; Jatropha leaf and bark fractions protect against ultraviolet radiation-B induced... Vietnam Many researches on growth conditions, propagation, and the use of Jatropha for biodiesel production and multi-beneficial measure have been carried out as follows: The plantation of Jatropha in Vietnam has been conducted by the Center of Biotechnology (Forest Science Institute of Vietnam) (Le Quoc Huy et al., 2007) Eight original Jatropha types were collected (4 in Vietnam and 4 imported from foreign... high oil content Under the project titled “Adaptability of Jatropha species for biodiesel production” conducted by the Research Institute of Oil and Oil crops (Ministry of Industry and Trade), 7 oil plants were investigated for biodiesel (i.e., sunflower, peanut, sesame, soybean, palm oil, Jatropha, rubber and coconut) The result showed that Jatropha appeared to be the best candidate for biodiesel production... 2009; Wen et al., 2011) Jatropha has been seen to be intolerant of frost The plant is well adapted to conditions of high light intensity and is unsuited to growing in shade (Maes et al., 2009; Brittaine and Lutaladio, 2010) Rainfall: Jatropha is a succulent shrub that sheds its leaves during the dry season, with deep roots that make it well suited to semi-arid conditions While jatropha can survive with... Pandey et al., 2012) Jatropha has been grown in Vietnam since the 14th century as a fence to protect crop, livestock, and medicine purpose Jatropha was found to grown naturally in most of ecological regions and various soils and climate conditions such as: Northern Midland and Mountainous Region (e.g., Lao Cai, Lai Chau, Dien Bien, Son La, Hoa Binh, Lang Son), North Central Coast (e.g., Thanh Hoa, Quang . Figure 9. Jatropha near QN-03 16 Figure 10. Jatropha near QN-05 16 Figure 11. Jatropha near QN-07 16 Figure 12. Jatropha near QN-09 16 Figure 13. Jatropha near QN-12 16 Figure 14. Jatropha. near QN-12 16 Figure 14. Jatropha at QN-01qg 16 Figure 15. Jatropha near QN-04qg 17 Figure 16. Jatropha near QN-06qg 17 Figure 17. Jatropha near QN-08qg 17 Figure 18. Soil moisture 18 Figure. STUDY AREA 1.1. Introduction and literature review on Jatropha curcas L. 1.1.1. Origin and spread Jatropha curcas L. is commonly known as Jatropha or physic nut, which belongs to the large Euphobiaceae