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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY LA NGUYET ANH ART OF LANGUAGE USE IN NEW POETRY SPECIALITY: VIETNAMESE LITERATURE CODE: 62 22 01 21 SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION OF LANGUAGES AND CULTURE OF VIETNAM THAI NGUYEN - 2013 This work has been completed at College of Education – Thai Nguyen University Scientific instructor 1: Associate Prof. Nguyen Dang Diep, Ph.D Scientific instructor 2: Le Hong My, Ph.D Judge 1: Judge 2: Judge 3: The dissertation shall be defended before the Thai Nguyen University level Dissertation Assessment Council held at: ……………………………………………………………………… At ……. o’clock, on day…… month … , 2013 The dissertation can be found at: Vietnam National Library Learning Resource Centre of Thai Nguyen University 1 PREFACE 1. Rational of the subject 1.1. Language is the first element of literature. Composing, receiving and evaluating literature in general, poetry in particular cannot be carried out without this element. Artistic language (literary language) is a "different stratification" of natural language, "mutual invasion" (Iu.M.Lotman) but not identical to natural language. If natural language tends to be stable, artistic language - especially poetry language - as a "code" is always changing. Each literature era, every movement, trend, and every author tends to "possess" his or her own language use to bring a "reality" and new forms to artistic language. 1.2. In the running flow of Vietnam poetry, New poetry movement (1932 – 1945) is a distinctive, excellent, multifarious, diverse and complicated phenomenon in Vietnam modern poetry. On the creative process, poets of New poetry have achieved great success, laying a solid foundation for the modernization of Vietnam poetry. More than eight decades have passed, New poetry has continuously been drawing the attention and love of the readers, researchers and Literary critics. Particularly, the creation of New poetry in artistic language has always been attracting composers, enjoyers and poetry researchers. 1.3. Studies on New poetry have already dealt with the language of poetry on many aspects, such as: rhyme, rhythm, music, structure of language style, use of words …. However, the assessment, analysis, interpretation focused on confirming innovation of each composer or uniqueness of individual poems. The issue of art of language use in New poetry lacks a overall systematic comprehensive view, and many points are still left to further researches, analysis and synthesis. 2 Acquiring achievements of their predecessors, studying the results from researches on artistic language in the last decades, we saw that it was time to carry out a thorough research on art of language use in New poetry. 1.4. New Poetry has a significant position in the Phylology program at all levels. Reality of teaching and learning New poetry requires deeper mastering artistic creation of poets of New poetry. The exploration and research to meet the needs of teaching, learning New poetry in particular and modern Viet nam literature in general in schools and universities are also a reason urging us to choose this topic. Hopefully results from researching art of language use in New poetry not only have new practical significance for the author of dissertation but also have positive suggestions for practical research, teaching and learning Phylology in schools and universities. 2. Object and scope of research 2.1. Research object Object of this dissertation is the art of language use in compositions of poets of New poetry 1932-1945. 2.2. Research scope In the process of doing the research, focusing on the object of study, we investigated, studied compositions of poets of New poetry through poetry anthologies and poems books published or republished in Vietnam from before the August Revolution up to now, namely: Vietnam Poets (Hoai Thanh - Chan Hoai, Literature Publishing House, Hanoi, 1998, 14 th print) [172]; New Poetry (1932 1945): Authors and works (Writers Association’s Publishing House, H., 2006, 6 th print) [187]; the representative poems books in the movement of New poetry. 3. Research objectives This dissertation focuses on the following main objectives: 3 - Identifying, analyzing and generalizing basic characteristics, ways of organizing and the excellences in organizing artistic language in New poetry; confirming respected contributions of New poetry in the process of modernalizing poetry and innovating Vietnam literary language. - Confirming the dialectical relationship between language creation and artistic ideas, between form and content; the regulations of social consciousness, the state of knowledge and power systems for creation of artistic language. - The dissertation also aims at asserting an effective approach in the studying, receiving and enjoying poetry. 4. Research tasks The dissertation poses the following research tasks: 1) Surveying research history of art of language use in New poetry; 2) Finding out the basis of theory and practice on artistic language and art of language use in New poetry; 3) Generalizing the formation of new communicative artistic forms from New poetry phenomenon; 4) Pointing out language characteristics and organization of artistic text of New poetry. 5. Method for research The following methods in this dissertation are used: structural and systematic method, statistic and comparing method, method of text analyzing, inter-branch studying method. 6. New scientific contributions of dissertation This is the first research doing an overall and systematical study on the art of language use in New poetry. The dissertation has a detailed analysis exploiting the endogenous and exogenous elements, the cultural and historical conditions as an important prrequisites to make changes of artistic language in New poetry. Thereby, it 4 confirms: New Poetry is an artistic form of discourse different from other forms of poetry discourse before and after. The dissertation has generalized the basic characteristics of artistic language in New poetry with such main manifestationss as: being very subjective, biasing to emotions, feelings, modernity and personality. It has also proved that the innovation of artistic language in New poetry is the result of the process of absorbing and receiving the art quintessence of traditional poetry and the art quintessence of mankind’s poetry. This is the product of the process of exchange and acculturation. The dissertation has selected and exploited some typical levels of organizing artistic language texts in New poetry, such as: words, syntax and poem organization. On this basis, it confirms the innovations , new breakthroughs and process of modernizing poetic language of poets of New poetry generation. The results of the dissertation research contributes to confirm position of New poetry in the process of modernizing Vietnam poetry Vietnamese language as well. At the same time they are used to serve researching and teaching of modern Vietnam literature. 7. Dissertation composition Besides preface, conclusion and reference, main content of this dissertation consists of four chapters as follow: Chapter 1: Overview of resarch situation Chapter 2: New poetry – A new form of artistical communication Chapter 3: Characteristics of the art of language use in New poetry Chapter 4: Organizing texts concerning language use in New poetry 5 CONTENT CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH SITUATION Eighty years has passed by since it appeared, New poetry has been studied in various angels. The contributions of New poetry have increasingly been confirmed; researches on New poetry have constantly been increasing over time. However, in the literature review, we mainly focus on surveying the researching works, treaties and articles and related directly or almost directly to the topic of the dissertation. Researches on the art of language use in New poetry, in our subjective opinion, can be generalized through the following stages: 1.1. Researches on the art of language use in New poetry at the stage of 1932 - 1945 A lot of compliments and criticism have been made on New poetry right since its appearance, positive articles are seen along with negative ones. These are remarkable articles: - New poetry movement by Luu Trong Lu [184]. - New poetry,, New poetry of Nguyen Vy … by Le Trang Kieu [184]. - Vietnam poets by Hoai Thanh, Hoai Chan [172]. - Modern writers by Vu Ngoc Phan [136]. At this stage, the issue of artistic language use in New poetry was set, but still “left open” by the writers of Vietnam poets. 1.2. Researches on the art of language use in New poetry at the stage of 1945 – 1985 The Issues of New poetry was reset. Due to many reasons, View on New poetry at this stage was somewhat demanding. Even the excellent representatives of New poetry were also strict with themselves. However, the 6 assessments of art of language use in New poetry went into details and were clearer. Generally, the study on New poetry was conducted in two opposite directions in two regions of the country. In the north of Vietnam, researches on New poetry included are those of Phan Cu De [37], Bui Van Nguyen, Ha Minh Duc [125], Hoai Thanh [171]… In the south of Vietnam, , oppinions on New poetry included are those of Pham Van Dieu [22], Thanh Lang [88], Nguyen Tan Long, Phan Canh [101], Pham The Ngu [124]. An overview of this period points out that New poetry continues attracting the attention of researchers and literary critics. The content and ideology of New poetry are strictly considered, but innovations of form, especially innovations in terms of language use of New poetry are confirmed. However, researchers still limite to general, oriented and suggested comments. 1.3. Researches on the art of language use in New poetry at the stage from 1986 up to now Ever since the 6th National Congress of Vietnam Communist Party (1986), in the spirit of innovation in all fields, New poetry have also been considered and valued more objectively and scientifically. The issue of New poetry language continues to be discussed. Typical are the following works: - Reviewing a revolution in Poetry, edited by Huy Can - Ha Minh Duc [13]; - Vietnam poetry language, by Huu Dat [36]; - Lyrical poetry tone, by Nguyen Dang Diep [43]; - New poetry, the ups and downs, by Le Dinh Ky [86]; - Reviewing New poetry and prose of Self - supported Group of writers, edited by Tran Huu Ta, Nguyen Thanh Thi, Doan Le Giang [166]. Along with those stated above, the issue of language use in New poetry was studied in the treatises, in the researches specialized on authors and works 7 [54], [59], [64], [76], [142], [151], [152], [199], [192], , in the dissertations [5], [29], [52], [75], [126], [145], [146], , in the M.A or M.S thesises [195], [196], , in the articles [68], [127], Subsummary According to research situation, the issue of art of language use in New poetry has been cared for right since its appearance on poetry forum and has received more and more attention. Opinions on the art of language use in New poetry are towards confirmation in some following aspects: First, the art of language use in New poetry has undergone fundamental changes from poetry language of “recited tone” to poetry language of “spoken tone”; Second, the structures of artistic language of New poetry are free and unbounded; Third, the achievements on the aspect of art of language use in New poetry have helped to modernalize Vietnamese language. Respecting and inheriting achievements of predecessors, acquiring the scientific orientation, we continue to implement an all-sided and systematic research on art of language use in New poetry. Hopefully, the results of our research will contribute to make clearer an important aspect marking the New poetry movement in the history of Vietnam poetry. CHAPTER 2: NEW POETRY – A NEW FORM OF ARTISTICAL COMMUNICATION 2.1. Art of language use – a special form of communication 2.1.1. Concept language use and art of language use 2.1.1.1. Concept language use “Language is expressed in the livid human communication through speech of an individual, full of individual features impacting another one” [205, page 51]. 8 However, in everyday life as well as in scientific writing style, art style language and languagr use are not sharply separated, in many cases they are interchangeable. From research purposes and objects of the dissertation, we think that it is necessary to have a clear distinction between the concepts language and language use: 1) When we say a language (langue) we mean a store of words with typical characteristics adapted by all the society, Language is a set of all units, means and combinations used in speech, such as: phonetics, vocabulary. 2) Language use (parole) is personal speech with his or her own aesthetic style used in communication. However, imbued with linguists’ ideology, we understand that the above distinction is not absolute because of dialectical relationship of the object itself. 21.1.2. Concept art of language use Art of language use: "Concept denotes kind of language used to express the content of the works of art of language use (spoken words and written literature). In terms of materials, the means of anguage used in artistic language can be of no difference from the means of vocabulary, grammar, of popular language of all the people and of no difference from other factors: dialects, coloqual language and jargon "[70, p. 1090 - 1091]. Artistic language is distinguished from other forms of language, such as: pragmatic language, scientific language Pragmatic language also called natural language, non-artistic language (in order to distinguish with artistic language, also known as literary language) is used in everyday life, as a means of social communication. Scientific language used in scientific fields, such as: scientific books and newspapers, scientific researches in the speciality form (such as: inventions, [...]... literature 1 AUTHOR’S WORKS ANNOUNCED RELATE TO DISSERTATION 1 La Nguyet Anh (2008), “Artistic tone of Che Lan Vien’s poems in Dieu tan”, Journal of Science No 5, Hanoi Pedagogical University 2, pages 3-10 2 La Nguyet Anh (2011), “Music in Bich Khe’s poetry”, Journal of Science No 17, Hanoi Pedagogical University 2, pages 917 3 La Nguyet Anh (2011), “New poetry – Union of traditional Vietnam culture, Eastern... Union of traditional Vietnam culture, Eastern and Western culture” Journal of Vietnam Science and Society No.6, pages 100-110 4 La Nguyet Anh (2012), “Several Creative Points in Musical Tune of New poetry (1932 – 1945)” Journal of Language No.9, pages 71-80 5 La Nguyet Anh (2012), “Characteristics of language in New poetry”, Journal of Literature Research No 12, pages 78-85 ... established a link of modern poetry with traditional one, with the national source It has already been proven by the appearance and eternity of New poetry having folk features with the famous names, such as: Anh Tho, Bang Ba Lan, Doan Van Cu … Especially, the appearance of the poet “real countryman” Nguyen Binh has made New poetry become a land of elevating and crysterlizing countryside soul, countryside love... gene, Eastern civilization has become the flesh and blood, inherited from the ancestor” (Ngo Van Phu), it is comprehensive that poets of New poetry “go to Tang poetry with a pure and fresh heart” (Hoai Thanh – Hoai Chan) Classic poetry with deep content, skilful art and modern Western spirit has become a nursing source of New poetry 3.3.2 The appearance of a new laguage form: modern and full of personal . Minh Duc [125], Hoai Thanh [171]… In the south of Vietnam, , oppinions on New poetry included are those of Pham Van Dieu [22], Thanh Lang [88], Nguyen Tan Long, Phan Canh [101], Pham The Ngu. republished in Vietnam from before the August Revolution up to now, namely: Vietnam Poets (Hoai Thanh - Chan Hoai, Literature Publishing House, Hanoi, 1998, 14 th print) [172]; New Poetry (1932. [184]. - New poetry,, New poetry of Nguyen Vy … by Le Trang Kieu [184]. - Vietnam poets by Hoai Thanh, Hoai Chan [172]. - Modern writers by Vu Ngoc Phan [136]. At this stage, the issue of artistic