400 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 1 Abdominal regions. Regiones abdominales. 2 Hypochondriac region (hypochondrium). Regio hypochondriaca (hypochondrium). Re- gion lateral to the midclavicular line between the pectoral region and the transpyloric plane. B 3 Epigastric region (epigastrium). Regio epiga- strica (epigastrium). Region medial to the mid- clavicular line between the pectoral region and the transpyloric plane. B 4 Lumbar (lateral) region. Regio lateralis. Region lateral to the midclavicular line between the transpyloric and intertubercular planes. B 5 Umbilical region. Regio umbilicalis. Area me- dial to the midclavicular line b etween the transpyloric and intertubercular planes. B 6 Inguinal (iliac) region. Regio inguinalis. Region lateral to the midclavicular line between the in- tertubercular plane and the inguinal ligament. B 7 Hypogastric (pubic) region. Regio pubica (hy- pogastrium). Region medial to the midclavicu- lar line between the intertubercular plane and the inguinal ligament. B 8 Posterior (dorsal) regions. Regiones dorsales. The various anatomic regions of the back. 9 Vertebral region. Regio vertebralis. Region overlying the vertebral column. A 10 Sacral region. Regio sacralis. Region overlying the sacrum. A 11 Scapular region. Regio scapularis. Region over- lying the scapula. A 12 Infrascapular region. Regio infrascapularis. Area between the scapular region and the lum- bar region. A 13 Region cranial to the iliac crest. Regio lum- baris (lumbalis). A 14 Lumbar (Petit’s) trigone. Trigonum lumbare [[Petiti]]. Triangle above the iliac crest between the margins of the latissimus dorsi and external abdominal oblique. 15 Perineal region. Regio perinealis. C 16 Anal region. Regio analis. Area around the anus. It is bordered anteriorly by an imaginary line through the two ischial tuberosities. C 17 Urogenital region. Regio urogenitalis. Perineal area in front of the imaginary line between the two ischial tuberosities. C 18 Regions of upper limb. Regiones membri su- perioris. 19 Deltoid region. Regio deltoidea. Region overly- ing the deltoid muscle. B 20 Upper arm. Brachium. 21 Anterior brachial region. Regio (facies) brachialis anterior. Anterior surface of the upper arm. B 22 Posterior brachial region. Regio (facies) brachialis posterior. Posterior surface of the upper arm. A 23 Elbow. Cubitus. 24 Anterior cubital region. Regio (facies) cubi- talis anterior. Anterior surface of the elbow. B 25 Posterior cubital region. Regio (facies) cubi- talis posterior. Posterior surface of the elbow. A 26 Cubital fossa. Fossa cubitalis. B 27 Lateral bicipital groove. Sulcus bicipitalis later- alis (radialis). B 28 Medial bicipital groove. Sulcus bicipitalis medi- alis (ulnaris) B. 29 Forearm. Antebrachium. 30 Anterior antebrachial region. Regio (facies) antebrachialis anterior. Anterior surface of the forearm. A B 31 Posterior antebrachial region. Regio (facies) antebrachialis posterior. Posterior surface of the forearm. A B 32 Lateral margin. Margo lateralis (radialis). 33 Medial margin. Margo medialis (ulnaris). 34 Wrist. Carpus. 35 Anterior carpal region. Regio carpalis ante- rior. Anterior of flexor side of the wrist. A 36 Posterior carpal region. Regio carpalis poste- rior. Posterior or extensor side of the wrist. B 37 Hand. Manus. 38 Dorsum of hand. Dorsum manus. B 39 Palm of hand. Palma manus. A 40 Thenar eminence. Thenar (eminentia thenaris). Ball of the thumb. 41 Hypothenar eminence. Hypothenar (eminen- tia hypothenaris). Ball of the little finger. 42 Metacarpus. Part of the hand between the wrist and digits. 43 Digits (fingers). Digiti. 44 Thumb. Pollex (digitus primus (I)). 45 Index finger. Index (digitus secundus (II)). 46 Middle finger. Digitus medius (tertius (III)). 47 Ring finger. Digitus anularis (quartus (IV)). 48 Little finger. Digitus minimus (quintus (V)). 49 Ventral (palmar, flexor) side of fingers. Facies dig- itales ventrales (palmares). 50 Dorsal (extensor) side of fingers. Facies digitales dorsales. General terms Feneis, Pocket Atlas of Human Anatomy © 2000 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. 401 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 a a a General terms 9 11 19 12 22 25 13 31 30 35 39 10 38 36 31 30 24 27 21 19 2 4 3 5 7 6 17 16 28 26 Posterior regionsA Anterior regionsB Perineal regions C Feneis, Pocket Atlas of Human Anatomy © 2000 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. 402 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 1 Regions of lower limb. Regiones membri infe- rioris. The various anatomic regions of the lower limb. 2 Gluteal region. Regio glutealis. Area over the gluteal muscles. A 3 Gluteal fold. Sulcus glutealis. Fold passing over the gluteus maximus and bordering the but- tocks inferiorly when the hip joint is extended. A 3a Hip joint. Coxa (regio coxalis). 4 Thigh region. Femur (regio femoralis). 5 Anterior thigh region. Regio (facies) femoralis anterior. B 6 Femoral triangle. Trigonum femorales. Triangu- lar region of the groin bordered by the sartorius and adductor longus muscles and the inguinal ligament. B 7 Posterior thigh region. Regio (facies) femoralis posterior. A 8 Knee. Genus. 9 Anterior side of knee. Regio genus anterior. B 10 Posterior side of knee. Regio genus posterior. A 11 Popliteal fossa. Fossa poplitea. A 12 Lower leg. Crus. 13 Anterior surface of lower leg. Regio (facies) cruralis anterior. B 14 Posterior surface of lower leg. Regio (facies) cruralis posterior. A 15 Calf. Sura (regio suralis). A 16 Anterior and posterior talocrural (malle- olar) regions. Regiones talocrurales anterior et posterior. 17 Foot. Pes. 18 Heel (calcaneal region). Calx (regio calcanea). A 19 Dorsum of foot. Dorsum (regio dorsalis) pedis. B 20 Plantar surface of foot (sole). Planta (regio plantaris) pedis. A 21 Lateral (f ibular, outer) margin of foot. Margo lateralis (fibularis) pedis. 22 Medial (tibial, inner) margin of foot. Margo medialis (tibialis) pedis. 23 Ankle. Tarsus. 24 Meta tars us. Part of foot between ankle and toes. 25 Toes. Digiti. 26 Big (great) toe. Hallux (digitus primus (I)). 27 Second, third, fourth toes. Digiti secundus, tertius, quartus (II, III, IV). 28 Little toe. Digitus minimus (quintus) (V). 28 a Plantar surface (undersurface) of toe. Facies digitalis plantaris. 28 b Dorsal surface of toe. Facies digitalis dorsalis. 29 OSTEOLOGY. Osteologia. 30 SKELETAL SYSTEM. Systema skeletale. 31 Bony part. Pars ossea. 32 Periosteum. External covering of bone. 33 Endosteum. Internal lining of bone. It also lines the marrow cavity. 34 Cortical substance. Substantia corticalis. Su- perficial layer formed by the external main lamellae of the bone. 35 Compact bone. Substantia compacta. Dense bony substance formed by osteons. 36 Spongy (trabecular) bone. Substantia spon- giosa (trabecularis). Loosely organized bone substance with interstices occupied by bone marrow. 37 Cartilaginous part (of the skeleton). Pars car- tilaginosa. 38 Perichondrium. Connective tissue covering of cartilage. It contributes to cartilage growth. 39 Axial skeleton. Skeleton axiale. Skeleton of the trunk. 40 Appendicular skeleton. Skeleton appendicu- lare. Skeleton of the limbs. 41 Long bone. Os longum. Long bone such as the fibula. 42 Short bone. Os breve. Short bone such as the wrist bone. 43 Flat bone. Os planum. Flat bone such as the parietal bone. 44 Irregular bone. Os irregulare. Ir regular bone such as the sphenoid bone. 45 Pneumatic bone. Os pneumaticum. Bone with air-containing cells, e. g., the ethmoid bone. 46 Epiphysis. End of a long bone temporarily in- volved in bone growth. 47 Diaphysis. Middle piece (shaft) of bone. 48 Metaphysis. Bony region between the epiphy- sis and diaphysis. 49 Epiphysial cartilage. Cartilago epiphysialis. Cartilage zone between the diaphysis and epiphysis. It is responsible for the longitudinal growth of long bones. General terms Feneis, Pocket Atlas of Human Anatomy © 2000 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. 403 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 a a a General terms 2 3 7 10; 11 15 14 18 20 19 13 9 5 6 Posterior regions of legA Anterior regions of legB Feneis, Pocket Atlas of Human Anatomy © 2000 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. 404 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 1 Epiphysial line. Linea epiphysialis. Line visible in radiograms and in sections of bone marking the former site of the epiphysial cartilage. 2 Joint surface. Facies articularis. 3 Medullary cavity. Cavitas medullaris. 4 Yellow bone marrow. Medulla ossium flava. It contains abundant fat. 5 Red bone marrow. Medulla ossium rubra. It is hemopoietic. 6 Nutrient foramen. Foramen nutriens. Macro- scopic foramen for nutrient vessels supplying mainly the bone marrow. 7 Nutrient canal. Canalis nutriens. Canal con- tinuous with the nutrient foramen. 8 Center of ossification. Centrum ossificationis. Site of onset of ossification of bones preformed in cartilage (endochondral ossification). 9 Primary center of ossification. Centrum ossi- ficationis primarium. The center situated in the diaphysis (diaphysial ossification). 10 Secondary center of ossification. Centrum ossificationis secondarium. The center situated in the epiphysis (epiphysial ossification). 11 ARTHROLOGY. Arthrologia. Study of the joints. 12 FIBROUS JOINTS. Articulationes fibrosae. They usually have no direct relationship to an articu- lar cavity. 13 Syndesmosis. Fibrous joint with interosseous membrane or ligament. 14 Suture. Sutura. 15 Dentate suture. Sutura serrata. Serrated su- ture, e. g., the lambdoid suture. 16 Squamous suture. Sutura squamosa, e. g., on the temporal bone. 17 Flat suture. Sutura plana. Bony union produc- ing a smooth surface, e. g., between the zygo- matic bone and the maxilla. 18 Schindylesis. Union between a groove in one bone and a ridge in the other, e. g., between the vomer and the sphenoid bone. 19 CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS. Articulationes car- tilagineae. 20 Synchondrosis. Bony union by means of hya- line cartilage. 21 Symphysis. Bony union, partly by means of fi- brocartilage. 22 SYNOVIAL JOINTS. Articulationes synoviales. Bony union with an intervening articular cav- ity. 23 Simple joint. Articulatio simplex. Joint be- tween only two bones, e. g., the hip joint. 24 Composite joint. Articulatio composita (com- plexa). Joint involving more than two bones, e. g., the wrist joint. 25 Plane joint. Articulatio plana. Joint with almost smooth articular surfaces. 26 Spheroidal joint. Articulatio sphaeroidea (cotylica). Ball and socket joint, e. g., the shoulder joint. 27 Ellipsoidal (condylar) joint. Articulatio ellip- soidea (condylaris). Joint with two axes, e. g., the wrist joint. 28 Hinge joint. Ginglymus. Joint with one axis, e. g., the elbow joint. 29 Bicondylar joint. Articulatio bicondylaris. Ar- ticulation with one main transverse axis and another axis in the longitudinal direction of a skeletal part., e. g., the knee joint. 30 Trochoidal joint. Articulatio trochoidea. Pivot joint with one axis, e. g., the radio-ulnar joint. 31 Saddle (sellar) joint. Articulatio sellaris. Joint with two axes, e. g., the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb. 32 Ovoidal joint. [[Articulatio ovoidalis]]. Joint with only weakly curved articular surfaces. 33 Articular cartilage. Cartilago articularis. 34 Articular cavity. Cavitas articularis. Joint cavity. 35 Articular disk. Discus articularis. Disk that divides a joint cavity into two separate cham- bers. 36 Meniscus. Meniscus articularis. Ring-like artic- ular disk., e. g., in the knee joint. 37 Articular lip. Labrum articulare. Rim of fi- brocartilage at the margin of a socket. 38 Joint capsule. Capsula articularis. 39 Fibrous membrane. Membrana fibrosa (stratum fibrosum). Connective tissue layer of the capsule often reinforced by ligaments. 40 Synovial membrane. Membrana synovialis (stratum synoviale). Inner layer of the articular capsule comprised of epithelium-like connec- tive tissue cells on loose connective tissue. 41 Synovial fold. Plica synovialis. Fold projecting from the capsule into the joint space. 42 Synovial villi. Villi synoviales. 43 Synovia. Synovial fluid secreted by the syn- ovial membrane of the capsule. 44 Articular ligaments. Ligamenta. 45 Extracapsular ligaments. Ligamenta extra- capsularia. Ligaments lying outside the capsu- lar wall, e. g., the external collateral ligament of the knee joint. 46 Capsular ligaments. Ligamenta capsularia. Reinforcing fibers outside a joint capsule, e. g., the collateral ligaments of the interphalangeal joints. 47 Intracapsular ligaments. Ligamenta intra- capsularis. Ligaments located within a joint space, e. g., the cruciate ligaments of the knee joint. General terms Feneis, Pocket Atlas of Human Anatomy © 2000 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. 405 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 a a a 1 MYOLOGY. Myologia. Study of the muscles. 2 Muscle. Musculus. 3 Head. Caput. 4 Belly. Venter. 5 Fusiform muscle. Musculus fusiformis. Spindle-shaped muscle. 6 Quadrate muscle. M. quadratus. Square- shaped muscle. 7 Triangular muscle. M. triangularis. Triangular muscle. 8 Unipennate muscle. M. unipennatus. Muscle with fibers approaching the tendon from one side. 9 Bipennate muscle. M. bipennatus. Muscle with fibers approaching the tendon from two sides. 10 Multipennate muscle. M. multipennatus. Muscle with fibers approaching the tendon from many sides. 11 Sphincter muscle. M. sphincter. 11 a Dilator muscle. M. dilator (dilatator). 12 Orbicular muscle. M. orbicularis. Circular muscle. 13 Cruciate muscle. M. cruciatus. Muscle with crossing fibers. 14 Articular muscle. [[M. articularis]]. Muscle which attaches to a joint capsule. 15 Skeletal muscle. M. skeleti. Muscle with at- tachment to the skeleton in contrast to a cu- taneous muscle. 16 Cutaneous muscle. M. cutaneus. 17 Tendon. Tendo. 18 Tendon (synovial) sheath. Vagina tendinis. Lu- bricated sheath for easy gliding of a tendon. 19 Fibrous layer. Stratum fibrosum. Outer, con- nective tissue portion of a tendon sheath. 20 Synovial layer. Stratum synoviale. Inner, smooth layer of a tendon sheath. It secretes synovial fluid. 20 a Synovial sheath of tendon. Vagina synovialis tendinis. The inner gliding capsule of the fibrous sheath of a tendon. 21 Mesotendineum. Mesentery-like sheath con- necting a tendon to its fibrous sheath. It carries blood vessels to the tendon. 22 Peritendineum. Connective tissue on the sur- face of a tendon. 23 Aponeurosis. Flat tendinous expansion. 23 a Epimysium. Fibrous sheath enveloping an en- tire muscle. 24 Perimysium. Fibrous sheath enclosing a bundle of muscle fibers. 25 Endomysium. Fibrous sheath surrounding a single muscle fiber enclosed by sarcolemma. 26 Fascia. External sheath investing one or more muscles. 26 a Superf icial fascia. Fascia superficialis. 26 b Deep fascia. Fascia profunda. 27 Tendinous intersections. Intersectio tendinea. 27 a Intermediate tendon. Tendo intermedius. 28 Tendinous arch. Arcus tendineus. It serves as the origin of muscle fib ers. 29 Muscular trochlea. Trochlea muscularis. Struc- ture that changes the direction of pull of a ten- don, e. g., the sustentaculum tali of the flexor hallucis longus tendon. 30 SYNOVIAL BURSAE. Bursae synoviales. 31 Subcutaneous bursa. Bursa [synovialis] subcu- tanea. It lies directly beneath the skin. 32 Submuscular bursa. Bursa [synovialis] sub- muscularis. It lies beneath a muscle. 33 Subfascial bursa. Bursa [synovialis] sub- fascialis. It lies beneath a fascia. 34 Subtendinous bursa. Bursa [synovialis] sub- tendinea. It lies beneath a tendon. 35 SPLANCHNOLOGY. Splanchnologia. Study of viscera. 36 General terms. Nomina generalia. 37 Tunica albuginea. Tough, whitish connective tissue sheath. 38 Tunica fibrosa. Fine connective tissue layer. 39 Tunica adventitia. Outermost connective tissue covering. 40 Tunica mucosa. Mucous membrane with its various layers. 41 Epithelium mucosae. Epithelial cell layer of the mucosa. 42 Lamina propria mucosae. Lamina propria of the mucosa. Layer of reticular connective tissue extending up to the muscularis mucosae. 43 Lamina muscularis mucosae. Layer of smooth muscle fib ers between the lamina propria and submucosa. It acts upon the mucosa. 44 Tela submucosa. Mobile layer of collagen fibers and elastic meshlike tissue between the muscularis mucosae and the muscularis. It is the main conveyer of blood vessels. 45 Tunica muscularis. Double layer of smooth muscle. 46 Stratum circulare. Circular muscle layer. 47 Stratum longitudinale. Longitudinal muscle layer. 48 Tunica serosa. The smooth, glistening external surface of the intraperitoneal segments of the intestinal tract. General terms Feneis, Pocket Atlas of Human Anatomy © 2000 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. 406 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 1 Tela subserosa. Connective tissue substrate for the serosal (peritoneal) epithelium. 2 Parenchyma. The essential functional ele- ments of an organ. 3 Stroma. Supporting connective tissue frame- work of an organ. 4 Gland. Glandula. 5 Lobe. Lobus. 6 Lobule. Lobulus. 7 Mucous gland. Glandula mucosa. 8 Serous gland. Glandula serosa. Gland that secretes watery material. 9 Seromucous gland. Glandula seromucosa. Mixed gland that secretes watery mucous material. 10 ANGIOLOGY. Angiologia. Study of vessels. 11 Arteriovenous anastomosis. Anastomosis arteriolovenularis (arteriovenosa). Direct con- nection between an artery and vein. 12 Artery. Arteria. 13 Nutrient artery. Arteria nutricia (nutriens). An artery that supplies tissues with nutrients. 14 Arteriole. Arteriola. Small artery directly pre- ceding a capillary. 15 Arterial circle. Circulus arteriosus. Circle of anastomosing arteries. 16 Circular connection of vessels. Circulus vasculosus. 17 Cistern. Cisterna. Dilatation of a lymphatic ves- sel. 18 Blood. Haema (hema). 19 Lymph. Lympha. 20 Nervi vasorum. Nerves innervating the wall of blood vessels. 21 Lymph node. Nodus lymphaticus (lym- phonodus). 22 Lymphatic nodule (follicle). Nodulus (fol- liculus) lymphaticus. Circular mass of lympho- cytes. 23 Lymphatic plexus. Plexus lymphaticus. 24 Vascular plexus. Plexus vasculosus. 25 Venous plexus. Plexus venosus. 26 Arterial plexus. Plexus arteriosum. 27 Rete mirabile. Two capillary networks lying one after another. 28 Rete vasculosum articulare. Network of anas- tomosing blood vessels around a joint. 29 Rete venosum. Venous network. 30 Sinus venosus. Venous segment devoid of a typical venous wall. 31 Tunica externa. Outer layer of a blood vessel wall. 32 Tunica intima. Inner layer of a blood vessel wall. 33 Tunica media. Middle layer of a blood vessel wall. 34 Valve. Valva. Large flap. 35 Lymphatic valve. Valvula lymphatica. Valve in lymphatic vessels. 36 Valve of veins. Valvula venosa. 37 Anastomotic vessel. Vas anastomoticum. 38 Capillary. Vas capillare. 39 Collateral vessel. Vas collaterale. Vessel form- ing a shunt. 40 Lymphatic vessel. Vas lymphaticum. 41 Sinusoid. Vas sinusoideum. Special, thin- walled vascular segment with a large lumen. 42 Vasa vasorum. Blood vessels supplying the walls of blood vessels. 43 Vein. Vena. 44 Accompanying vein. Vena comitans. 45 Cutaneous vein. Vena cutanea. 46 Emissary vein. Vena emissaria. Vein passing through a foramen of the skull to the outside. 47 Deep vein. Vena profunda. Vein situated below the fascia. 48 Superficial vein. Vena superficialis. Cutaneous vein lying on the fascia of the limbs. 49 Venule. Venula. Small vein directly following a capillary. 50 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Systema nervo- sum centrale. It comprises the brain and spinal cord. 51 Gray matter (nuclei and columns). Substantia grisea [nuclei et columnae]. It consists of an ac- cumulation of nerve cell bodies and is gray be- cause only a sparse amount of medullary sheath material (myelin) is present in it. 52 White matter. Substantia alba [tractus et fasciculi]. It is present in the tracts and conduc- tion bundles. 53 Reticular formation. Formatio (substantia) re- ticularis. Scarcely definable mixture of cells and fibers that influence movements, circulation and respiration as well as the sleeping-waking rhythm. 54 Substantia gelatinosa. Glia-rich, weakly pig- mented zone near the apex of the posterior horn of the spinal cord. It serves afferent tracts. 55 Ependyma. Cellular lining of the cavities of the central nervous system. General terms Feneis, Pocket Atlas of Human Anatomy © 2000 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. 407 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 a a a 1 PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Pars periph- erica (system nervosum periphericum). It begins at the surface of the brain and spinal cord. 2 Nerve. Nervus. 3 Endoneurium. Delicate connective tissue sheath attaching directly to the basal mem- brane of an individual nerve fiber. 4 Perineurium. Connective tissue sheath enclos- ing the bundles of fibers of a peripheral nerve. It consists of lamellae made of epithelioid con- nective tissue cells. 5 Epineurium. The connective tissue sheath covering a peripheral nerve. 6 Afferent ner ve fibers. Neurofibrae afferentes. Nerve fibers traveling into the central nervous system. 7 Efferent nerve f ibers. Neurofibrae efferentes. Nerve fibers that conduct impulses away from the central nervous system. 8 Somatic nerve fibers. Neurofibrae somaticae. They oppose the autonomic nerves, i. e., visceral nerves. 9 Autonomic (visceral) ner ve fibers. Neurofi- brae autonomicae (viscerales). Fibers of the visceral nerves. 10 Ganglion. An accumulation of nerve cell bodies and thus a macroscopic thickening of a nerve. 11 Capsule of ganglion. Capsula ganglii (gan- glionica). It is composed of connective tissue. 12 Stroma of ganglion. Stroma ganglii (ganglion- icum). Internal connective tissue of a ganglion. 13 Craniospinal (sensory) ganglia. Ganglia craniospinalia (encephalospinalia sensoria). Collective term for the following two special cases. 14 Spinal ganglia (sensor y). Ganglia spinalia (sensoria). Dorsal root ganglia. 15 Sensory ganglia of cranial ner ves. Ganglia sensoria neuricum cranialium (gg. en- cephalica). Spinal ganglia equivalent of cranial nerves. 16 Autonomic (visceral) ganglia. Ganglia autono- mica (visceralia). Ganglia of visceral nerves. 17 Preganglionic ner ve f ibers. Neurofibrae praeganglionicae. Myelinated nerve fibers passing to the ganglia of the visceral nerves. 18 Postganglionic nerve fiber s. Neurofibrae postganglionicae. Nonmyelinated nerve fibers passing from the visceral ganglia to the viscera. 19 Sympathetic ganglion. Ganglion sympathe- ticum (sympathicum). Represented mainly by the symphathetic trunk. 20 White ramus communicans. Ramus communi- cans alba. Connection between the spinal nerve and sympathetic trunk. It appears white on ac- count of its myelinated preganglionic fibers. 21 Gray ramus communicans. Ramus communicans griseus. Connection between the sympathetic trunk and spinal nerve. It contains postgan- glionic, nonmyelinated fibers and therefore ap- pears gray. 22 Parasympathetic ganglion. Ganglion para- sympatheticum (parasympathicum). See pp. 338, 28−35. 23 Spinal nerves. Nervi spinales. They arise from the union of dorsal and ventral roots. 24 Plexus of spinal nerves. Plexus nervorum spi- nalium. It is present in the cervical, lumbar and sacral regions and gives rise to the nerves for the limbs. General terms Feneis, Pocket Atlas of Human Anatomy © 2000 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. 408 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 1 CRANIAL NERVES. Nervi craniales (en- cephalici). They are characterized by the fact that they leave the cerebrospinal space through foramina in the base of the skull. 2 Cranial ner ve nuclei. Nuclei nervorum cranialium (encephalicorum). 3 Nuclei of origin. Nuclei originis. They give rise to the efferent, mostly motor, nerve fibers. 4 Nuclei of termination. Nuclei terminationis. Sensory nuclei where the afferent nerve fibers terminate and synapse with a second neuron. 5 Mixed nerve. Nervus mixtus (n. mixtarum neurofibrarum). Considered to be a nerve con- taining both motor and sensory fibers; it can also refer to a nerve with somatic and visceral components. 6 Cutaneous branches. Rami cutanei. Cu- taneous nerves or rami conducting impulses to the skin. 7 Articular branches. R ami articulares. Nerves or nerve rami conducting impulses to joints. 8 Muscular branches. Rami musculares. Nerves or nerve rami extending to the muscles. 9 Motor nerve. Nervus motorius. Nerve which only has fibers for muscles. Afferent fibers, e. g., from muscle spindles, are not considered when naming such nerves. 10 Sensory nerve. Nervus sensorius. Nerve con- taining afferent fibers which convey impulses to the central nervous system from peripheral receptors. 11 Communicating branch. Ramus communicans. 12 Autonomic (visceral) nerve and ramus. Ner- vus et ramus autonomici (viscerales). Nerves and their rami that conduct impulses from the region of nerve supply to the viscera. 13 Autonomic (visceral) plexus. Plexus autono- micus (visceralis). A plexus situated within an organ. 13 a Vascular plexus. Plexus vascularis. Nerve plexus in the wall of vessels with sensory and autonomic components. 14 Periarterial plexus. Plexus periarteriales. Nerve plexus within the adventitia of arteries. 15 Nervi vasorum. Nerves supplying blood ves- sels. 16 Vasa nervorum. Blood vessels supplying nerves. 17 NERVOUS TISSUE. Textus nervosus. 18 Neuron (nerve cell). Neuron (neurocytus). 19 Nerve cell body (perikaryon). Corpus neurale. Portion of a neuron containing the nucleus but excluding the cell processes. 20 Axon (axis cylinder). Axon (neuritum). Usually a long process of a neuron which helps to form the peripheral nerves and can be either nonmy- elinated or myelinated. 21 Dendrite. Dendritum. One of many tree-like branched processes of a neuron. In contrast to the axons, it has no special sheath. General terms Feneis, Pocket Atlas of Human Anatomy © 2000 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. 409 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 a a a References 1 Ahrens, G.: Naturwissenschaftliches und medizinisches Latein, 3. Aufl. Barth, Leip- zig 1963 2 Alverdes, K.: Grundlagen der Anatomie, 3. Aufl. Edition Leipzig 1963 3 Arey, L. B.: Developmental Anatomy, 5th ed. Saunders, Philadelphia 1949 4 Bargmann, W.: Histologie und mikrosko- pische Anatomie des Menschen, 6. Aufl. Thieme, Stuttgart 1967: 7. Aufl. 1977 5 Benninghoff, A ., K. Goerttler: Lehrbuch der Anatomie des Menschen, 7. Aufl. Ur- ban & Schwarzenberg, München 1964 6 Benninghoff, A.: Anatomie. 15. Aufl. Urban & Schwarzenberg, München 1994 7 Boyden, E. A.: Segmental Anatomy of the Lungs. Mc Graw-Hill, New York 1955 8 Braus, H., C. Elze: Anatomie des Menschen, 2. Aufl. Springer, Berlin 1960 9 Brodal, A.: Neurological Anatomy, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, London 1969 10 Bucher, O.: Histologie und mikroskopische Anatomie des Menschen, 4. Aufl. Huber, Bern 1965 11 Bucher, O., H. Wartenberg: Cytologie, Hi- stologie und mikroskopische Anatomie des Menschen, 12. Aufl. Huber, Bern 1997 12 Carpenter, B. M.: Human Neuroanatomy, 7th ed. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore 1976 13 Clara, M.: Das Nervensystem des Men- schen, 3. Aufl. Barth, Leipzig 1959 14 Corning, H. K.: Lehrbuch der Topographi- schen Anatomie, 20. und 21. Aufl. Berg- mann, München 1942 15 Critchley, M.: Butterworths Medical Dic- tionary, 2nd ed. Butterworths, London 1980 16 Crosby, E. C., Tr. Humphrey, E. W. Lauer: Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous Sys- tem. Macmillan, New York 1962 17 Cunningham, D. J.: Textbook of Anatomy, 11th ed. Oxford University Press, London 1972 18 Curtis, A., St. Jacobsen, E. M. Marcus. An Introduction to the Neurosciences. Saun- ders, Philadelphia 1972 19 Dauber, W.: Anatomische Grundlagen der Funktionsdiagnostik. In Siebert, G. K.: At- las der zahnärztlichen Funktionsdiagno- stik., 3. Aufl. Hanser Verlag, München 1996: 20−39 20 Denker, A., W. Albrecht: Lehrbuch der Krankheiten des Ohres und der Luftwege, 12. u. 13. Aufl. Fischer, Jena 1932 21 Donath, T.: Erläuterndes Anatomisches Wörterbuch. Terra, Budapest 1960 22 Duus, Peter: Neurologisch-topische Dia- gnostik. Thieme, Stuttgart 1976; 6. Aufl. 1995 23 Duvernoy, H. M.: Human Brainstem Ves- sels. Springer, Berlin 1978 24 Elias, H., D. Petty: Gross anatomy of the blood vessels and ducts within the human liver. Amer. J. Anat. 90 (1952) 59−111 25 Fasel, J.: The exit of the chorda tympani nerve through the external surface of the base of the skull. Acta Anat. 126 (1986) 205−207 26 Frick, H., H. Leonhardt, D. Starck: Taschen- lehrbuch der gesamten Anatomie, Bd. I: Allgemeine Anatomie. Spezielle Anatomie I., 2. Aufl. Thieme, Stuttgart 1980; 4. Aufl. 1992 27 Georges, K. E.: Ausführliches lateinisch- deutsches Handwörterbuch. Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover u. Leipzig 1913/ 1918 28 Gottschick, J.: Die Leistungen des Nerven- systems. Fischer, Jena 1952 29 Gray, H.: Anatomy of the Human Body, 29th ed. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia 1973 30 Gray’s Anatomy, 36th ed. Churchill Liv- ingstone, Edinburgh 1980. 38th ed. 1995 31 Guntz, M.: Nomenclature anatomique il- lustrée. Masson, Paris 1975 32 Hafferl, A.: Lehrbuch der topographischen Anatomie, 2. Aufl. Springer, Berlin 1957 33 Hamilton, W. J.: Textbook of Human Anat- omy, Macmillan, London 1958 34 Hamilton, W. J., J. D. Boyd, H. W. Moss- mann: Human Embryology, 3rd. ed. Hef- fer, Cambridge 1962 35 Hjortsjö, C H.: The Anatomical Founda- tions of Liver Surgery. Karger, Basel 36 Hoff, H., G. Osler: Neurologie auf den Grundlagen der Physiologie. Maudrich, Wien 1957 37 Hollinshead, W. H.: Anatomy for Sur- geons. Hoeber-Harper, New York 1961 38 Horstmann, E.: Die Haut. In Bargmann, W.: Handbuch der mikroskopischen Ana- tomie des Menschen, Bd. III/3. Springer, Berlin 1957 39 Kägi, J.: Beitrag zur Topographie der A. transversa colli. Eine Untersuchung an 134 Halshälften. Anat. Anz. 107 (1959) 168−186 40 Kahle, W., H. Leonhardt, W. Platzer: Ta- schenatlas der Anatomie, 3 Bde. 6. Aufl. Thieme, Stuttgart 1991 41 Kincaid, O. W.: Renal Angiography. Medi- cal Publisher, Chicago 1966 42 Knese, K. H.: Nomina Anatomica, 5. Aufl. Thieme, Stuttgart 1957 References Feneis, Pocket Atlas of Human Anatomy © 2000 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. [...]... 382.8 of ischium 44.2 of mammary gland 394 .20 of mandible 26.12 of maxilla 22.3 of metacarpal bone 40. 19 of nail 392 .26 of pancreas 128.5 of penis 162. 29 of phalanx 40.30 of pubis 44 .9 of radius 38.6 of rib 6.13 of sphenoid bone 10.2 of sternum 6.31 of stomach 120.25 of talus 50.6 of tongue 112. 29 of ulna 38.24 of urinary bladder 156.27 of uterus 168.7 Body of vertebra 2.3 Bones thoracic 6.1 of upper... medial (deltoid) veins 252.6 ligament 70.5 segment triangle of neck 398 .23 of kidney tubercle 2. 19 lower 154. 19 of atlas 4.7 upper 154.18 of calcaneus 50.26 of liver 130. 19 of thalamus 296 .22 of upper lobe of left lung tympanic artery 198 .11 150.18 vagal trunk 332.24 of upper lobe of right lung vein 150.5 of right ventricle 232.22 segmental of septum pellucidum 242.5 artery 218.7 ventral nucleus 300.4... Aufl Fischer, Jena 194 9 Taber, Cl., W.: Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary, 9th ed Blackwell, Oxford 196 2 Feneis, Pocket Atlas of Human Anatomy © 2000 Thieme All rights reserved Usage subject to terms and conditions of license References 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 Tandler, J.: Lehrbuch der Systematischen 94 Anatomie Vogel, Leipzig 192 6 Testut, L.: D’anatomie humaine, 4me ed 95 Paris 190 0 Tondury, G.: Anatomie... artery 212 .9 fascia 92 .15 fossa 398 .41 hairs 392 .9 line 396 .53 anterior 396 .52 posterior 396 .54 lymph nodes 258.16 lymphatic plexus 258.15 nerve 340.13 process, mammary gland 394 .22 Feneis, Pocket Atlas of Human Anatomy © 2000 Thieme a All rights reserved Usage subject to terms and conditions of license 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 a a 420 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12... iris 358.4 part of kidney 154.8 of anterior commissure 318.31 of lens 362. 19 of fornix of vagina 170.3 of lower leg 402.13 of midbrain 290 . 29 of maxilla 22.8 of pons 284.8 of prostate 162.13 of tongue 112.32 of scapula 34.4 perforated substance 212.2 of stomach 120.16 pole 354.16 of ulna 38.26 of lens capsule 362.17 talocrural region 402.16 pontomesencephalic vein talofibular ligament 70.8 242.14 temporal... 96 Ergebn ges Tuberk .- u Lung.-Forsch 14 ( 195 8) 61−100 Töndury, G.: Angewandte und topogra97 phische Anatomie, 3 Aufl Thieme, Stuttgart 196 5, 5 Aufl 198 1 Toldt, C., F Hochstetter: Anatomischer At98 las, 23 Aufl Urban & Schwarzenberg, Wien 196 1 27 Aufl Urban & Schwarzenberg, München 197 9 99 Truex, R C., M B Carpenter: Strong and Elwyn’s Human Neuroanatomy, 5th ed 100 Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore 196 4... Läsionen peripherer Nerven Thieme, Stuttgart 196 5, 6 Aufl 199 3 Netter, F H.: The Ciba Collection of Medical Illustrations Ciba, New York 198 3− 199 7 Neubert, K.: Die Basilarmembran des Menschen und ihr Verankerungssystem Z Anat Entwickl.-Gesch 114 ( 194 9/50) 5 39 588 Nomina anatomica, 4th ed Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam 197 7 6th ed ChurchillLivingstone, Edinburgh 198 9 Oelrich, T M.: The striated urogenital sphincter... pretectalis 296 .14 retro-olivaris 278.26 subcallosa 312.4 vestibularis 286.26 inferior 378.13 superior 378.12 Areola mammae 394 .27 Areolar glands (of Montgomery) 394 .28 venous plexus 244.16 Arteria(-ae) 190 .10, 406.12 alveolaris inferior 198 .12 superior anterior 200.2 posterior 198 .28 angularis 196 .14 appendicularis 220 .9 arcuata(-ae) 156.3 of foot 228.4 ascendens 220.12a auricularis posterior 196 .22 profunda... W.: Nomina anatomica Parisiensia ( 195 5) et B N A (1 895 ) Oosthoek, Utrecht 195 7 Wolf-Heidegger, G.: Atlas der systematischen Anatomie des Menschen Karger, Basel 195 7 Wolf-Heidegger, G.: Atlas der HumanAnatomie, 4 Aufl Karger, Basel 199 0 Wyburn, G M.: The Nervous System Academic Press, London 196 0 Zenker, R., Heberer, H.-H Löhr: Die Lungenresektionen Springer, Berlin 195 4 Zöllner, F.: Anatomie, Physiologie,... AltgriechischDeutsch, 29 Aufl Langenscheidt, Berlin 199 7 Menge, H., O Güthling: Großwörterbuch Lateinisch, I Teil: Lateinisch-Deutsch, 25 Aufl Langenscheidt, Berlin 199 6 Meyer, W.: Die Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde Urban & Schwarzenberg, München 195 5− 196 0 Morris, J., J Parsons, Schaeffer: Human Anatomy, 12th ed Blakiston, Philadelphia 196 6 Mühlreiter, E.: Anatomie des menschlichen Gebisses, 5 Aufl Felix, Leipzig 192 8 . Utrecht 195 7 98 Wolf-Heidegger, G.: Atlas der systemati- schen Anatomie des Menschen. Karger, Basel 195 7 99 Wolf-Heidegger, G.: Atlas der Human- Anatomie, 4. Aufl. Karger, Basel 199 0 100 Wyburn,. Thomas Springfield/III. 196 9 84 Stieve, H.: Nomina Anatomica, 4. Aufl. Fi- scher, Jena 194 9 85 Taber, Cl., W.: Cyclopedic Medical Dictio- nary, 9th ed. Blackwell, Oxford 196 2 References Feneis, Pocket Atlas of Human. Fischer, Jena 195 2 29 Gray, H.: Anatomy of the Human Body, 29th ed. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia 197 3 30 Gray’s Anatomy, 36th ed. Churchill Liv- ingstone, Edinburgh 198 0. 38th ed. 199 5 31 Guntz,