3-6 EXPRESSING THE FUTURE IN TIME CLAUSES AND I IF-CLAUSES 1 time clause (a) [&firs igo w class wmoml, ~'rn going to I eat breakfast. I @) I'm going to eat breal$estlb&we I go to class (c) Befom Igo home wnight, I'm going to stop at the market. (d) I'm going to eat dinner at 6:00 tonight. After I eat dinner, I'm going to study in my room. (e) I'll give Rita your message when I see her. (f) It's rainiig right now. As soon as the min stops, I'm going to wak downtown. (g) 1'11 stay home und tlre min staps. (h) Wzilepu're at school wmom, I'll be at work. (i) Maybe it will rain tomorrow. Zfit minc tommnm, I'm going to stay home. In (a) and @): before I go w dass tomom is a future time clause. " (~b until soon M }+mbjectamiverb=atimec~ause whh The simple present is used in a future time clause. Will and be going to are NOT used in a future time clause. INCORRECT: Before I euiU go w class, I'm going w ear breakfast. INCORRBCT: Before I am going w go w class tomorrow, I'm going w eat breakfast. All of the example sentences, (c) through (h), contain future time clauses. In (i): Zfir rains wmom is an if-clause. if + subject and m+ = an if-clause When the meaning is future, the simple present (not will or be going to) is used in an if-clause. EXERCISE 15. Future time clauses and IF-clauses. (Chart 3-6) Directions: Underline the time clauses and correct any errors in verb use. &-o mv countn, next vm 1. I'm going to finish my graduate degree in computer science. 2. The boss will review your work after she will return from vacation next week. 3. I'll give you a call on my cell phone as soon as my plane will land. 4. I don't especially like my current job, but I'm going to stay with this company until I will find something better, 3. I need to know what time the meeting starts. Please be sure to call me as soon as you will find out anything about it. 6. When you will be in Australia next month, are you going to go snorkeling at the Great Bamer Reef) , . . .:; . . . ,. ' ,. ., 7. If it won't be cold tomorrow, we'll go to the beach. If it will be cold tomorrow, we'll go to a movie. ; 7 . . : . .,, . . , ,, EXERCISE 16. Future time clauses and IF-clauses. (Chart 3-6) Directions: Use the given verbs to complete the sentences. Give a future meaning to the sentences. .,,, ; ,q . ! ~ ,. ;~, .!. . . ,.* L,~, " ,.z. , .1 I 1. takelread I I\ VP~ the textbook before I tab the ha1 exam next month. 2. renrrnlcall .I.,f. ,. . , . ,- . . , . /I . /I I Mr. Lee his wife as soon as he to the hotel tonight. 2 '> ',,.I ,, L 3. cornelbe, not I home tomorrow when the painters to paint my apartment. Someone else will have to let them in. . ,.( r. . 4. preparelgo Before I to my job interview tomorrow, I a list of questions I want to ask about the company. 66 CHAPTER 3 When Sandra us this coming weekend, we her to our favorite seafood restaurant. I by the phone until Rosa 7. misslwme, not If Adam to work tomorrow morning, he L. very important meeting. 8. getlbeleat If Barbara home on time tonight, we dinner at 6:30. If she late, dinner late. EXERCISE 17. Future IF-clauses. (Chart 3-6) Directions: Make sentences about the following possible conditions. Use ifand add your own ideas. Pay special attention to the verb in the $-clause. Work in pairs. Speaker A: Give the cue as written in the text. Your book is open. Speaker B: Use the cue to create a sentence with an $clause. Your book is closed. SPBAKER A: Maybe you'll go downtown tomorrow. SP~R B: If I go downtown tomorrow, I'm going to buy some new clotheslgo to the post officeletc. 1. Maybe you'll have some free time tomorrow. 2. Maybe it'll rain tomorrow. 3. Maybe it won't rain tomorrow. 4. Maybe the teacher will be absent tomorrow. Switch roles. 5. Maybe you'll be tired tonight. 6. Maybe you won't be tired tonight. 7. Maybe it'll be nice tomorrow. 8. Maybe we won't have class tomorrow. Time &uses beginning with until usually follow the main clause. Usual: I'm going to stay by the phone until Rosa ullr. . Possible but less usual: Untt? Rosa calk, I'm going to stay by the phone. ~~ , . - . Future llme 67 EXERCISE 18. Future time clauses with BEFORE and AFTER. (Chart 3-6) Directions: Each item consists of two actions. Decide which action you want to do first. Use before or afrsr to say what you intend to do. Then perform the actions. Work in pairs, groups, or as a class. Pay special attention to the verb in the time clause. 1. touch your ear / close your grammar book + I'm gmng to close my grammar book beforelafrer I touch my ear. OR BeforeIAfrer I close my grammar book, I'm going to much my ear. 2. raise your hand, touch your foot 3. sit down, stand up 4. clap your hands, slap your hee 5. shake hands with ( . . . ), shake hands with ( . . . ) 6. scratch your chi, pick up your pen 7. Think of other actions to perfi. EXERCISE 19. Future tlrne clauses wlth UNTIL and AS SOON AS. (Chart 3-6) Directions: Listen to the directions; state what you're going to do; then perform the actions. Work as a class with the teacher as the leader or in groups with one student designated as .,. \ leader. Only the leader's book is open; everyone else has a closed book. . - ' .l.d i IJf Example: (Student A), stand up until (Student B) stands up. Then sit down.' (Stdent A), please tell us what you're going to do. I( (Smdent B), please tell us what (Student A) is going to do. (Student C), please tell us what (Student A) is going to do until (Student B) stands up. LEADER: Ali, I'd like you to stand up until Kim stands up, and then sit down. '. Ali, please tell us what you're going to do. AU: I'm going to stand up until Kim stands up. Then I'm going to sit down. LEADER: Kim, please tell us what Ali is going to do. KIM: He's going to stand up until I stand up. Then he's going to sit down. LEADER: Maria, tell us what Ali is going to do as soon as Kim stands up. MARIA: As soon as Kim stands up, Ali is going to sit down. &I/ Students A and B then perform the actions. 1. (Student A), sit at your desk until (Student B) knocks on the door. Then get up and walk to the door. (Student A), please tell us what you're going to do. I . l!dl (Stdent B), please tell us what (Student A) is going to do. (Student C), please tell us what (Student A) is going to do as soon as (Student B) hocks on the door. 2. (Student A), hold your breath until (Student B) snaps hidher fingers. Then breathe again. (StudentA), please tell us what you're going to do. ir , ,I" , (Student B), please tell us what (Student A) is going to do. (Student C), please tell us what (Student A) is going to do as soon as (Student B) snaps hisher hgers. 3. (StudmtA), clap your hands until (Student B) bows. Then stop clapping your hands. . (Sncdsnt A), please tell us what you're going to do. (Student B), please tell us what (Sncdent A) is going to do. (Snrdent C), please tell us what (Student A) is going to do as soon as (Student B) bows. EXERCISE 20. Review of time clauses and IF-clauses. (Ct ' ' -+ 3) Directions: Complete the sentences by using a form of the a wntheses. Read carefully for time expressions. .a",15q+,ii, %_ : .,~ $7 '? ; : ,: . . ,. 1. a. Before Tom (go) yes to bed, he always (bruphy .i. '>." . ~!. 2: . his teeth. , , , b. Before Tom (go) to bed later tonight, he (e-mail) his girlfriend. 7 t jSj c. Before Tom (go) to bed last night, he (&ah) a shower. - :, :, ,i .z. :d. While Tom (take) a shower last night, the phone (rink, e. As soon as the phone (ring) last night, Tom Cump) out of the shower to answer it. f. As soon as Tom (get) up tomorrow morning, he (brush) his teeth. g. Tom always (brush) his teeth as soon as he (get) UP. (t LY . , ,' ;it ~fl,~i.! - , '~ 3: "~,. ,r j . , i' 2. a. After I (get) home from work every hernoon, I usually (drink) a cup of tea. b. After I (get) home from work tomorrow afteynoon, I (drink) a cup of tea. , .' .,. , c. I (have, not) any tea until I (get) home from work tomorrow. d. After I (get) home from work yesterday, I (drink) a cup of tea. e. While I (drink) a cup of tea yesterday afternoon, my neighbor (come) over, so I (offer) her a cup of tea too. f. My neighbor (drop, probably) over again tomorrow. If she (come) 1 (make) a cup of tea for her. Future Time 69 EXERCISE 21. Writing about the past and the future. (Chapters 2 and 3) Direcrions: Write two paragraphs. Show the time relationships by using words such as beforo, aafter, when, while, as soon as, next, then, later, crfter that. Paragraph 1: a detailed description of your day yesterday. Paragraph 2: a detailed description of your day tomorrow. 3-7 USING THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TO EXPRESS 1 FUTURETIME I (a) 'mm is goaiag to come to the party tomorrow. (b) Tom is coming to the party tomorrow. (c) We're going to go to a movie tonight. (d) We're going to a movie tonight. (e) I'm going to stay home this evening. (f) I'm staying home this evening. Ine present progressive can be used to express hture time. Each pair of example sentences has he same meaning. Ihe present progressive describes definite phns for hefuture,pIans that were made before the moment of peaking. (g) Ann is going to fly to Chicago next week. A future meaning for the present progressive is (h) Ann isnying to Chicago next week. indicated either by future time words (e.g., tomormu) or by the situation.* (i) You've going to &ugh when you hear this joke. The present progressive is NOT used for predictions 0) ~CORRPC~: Bu 're laughing when you hear rhu joke. about the future. In (i): The speaker is predicdng a ~ ~ future event. In (j): The is nit possible; laughing is a prediction, not a planned I. ,I; !#>.,::XI . , future event. *COMPARE: Present situation: Lmk! May's caning. Do you ice her? Future situation: Aw you phnning w corn w rhrpaw? Mory'a roming. So is Ah. EXERCISE 22. Using the present progressive to express future time. (Chart 3-7) Directions: Complete the dialogues with any of the following verbs that make sense. Use the present progressive if possible. Discuss whether the present progressive expresses present or future time. cut go spend & leave stay drzwe meet take PY 1. A: What ~VP You daiw tomorrow afternoon? B: I ww 961~9 to the mall. A: Why? B: I ww 90M9 shopping for some new clothes. How about you? !viiipi What YOU tomorrow afternoon? A: I to a movie with Tom. After the movie, we out to dinner. Would you like to meet us for dinner? B: No, thanks. I can't. I Heidi at 6:30 at the new seafood restaurant on Fifth Street. 2. A: What courses YOU this year? B: I English, biology, math, and psychology. ' I. I A. What courses YOU next year? B: I English literature, chemistry, calculus, and history A: That should keep you busy! 3. A: I on vacation tomorrow. B: Where YOU ? A: To San Francisco. B: How are getting there? YOU or your car? A: I . I have to be at the airport bypwen tomorrow morning. B: Do you need a ride to the airport? A: No, thanks. I a taxi. Are you planning to go somewhere over vacation? B: No. I here. 4. A: Stopl Annie! What . . B: I my hair, Mom. ", .'! ~ . .~ : . I& Oh dear! c2,,. i . , I, ;; d , , . .,A' I. Future Time 71 . work yesterday, I (drink) a cup of tea. e. While I (drink) a cup of tea yesterday afternoon, my neighbor (come) over, so I (offer) her a cup of tea too. f. My neighbor (drop,. 1. touch your ear / close your grammar book + I'm gmng to close my grammar book beforelafrer I touch my ear. OR BeforeIAfrer I close my grammar book, I'm going to much. (Student B) bows. EXERCISE 20. Review of time clauses and IF-clauses. (Ct ' ' -+ 3) Directions: Complete the sentences by using a form of the a wntheses. Read carefully