- - JSE 9. Noncount abstractions. (Chart 11- Directim: In groups or by yourself, complete the ouns are usually noncount. To find out if a ictionary or discuss it with your teacher.) , , , a. Name four good qualities you admire in a person. , .~, 1. pahewe 3. 2. 4. b. Name bad qualities people can have. c. What are some of the most important things in life? , .'y? a 1. 9666 ba1i-h 3. d. Certain bad conditions exist in the world. What are they? 1. hw?ev 3. il ,, ia, ,: t. EXERCISE 10. Count and noncount nouns. (Charts 11-1 + 1 1-4'1 Erections: Choose one of the given topics. Make a written list of the things you see. ,,.<. Example: You're sitting in your office. List the things you see. . . Written: two wirrdows , ,,, . , .', ,I;:~,~,:,; ; ,. ,, three desk lawps a lot OF books-avouhd 50 books abokt Ey$ish grawnv &tce cquipw~t-n ~acirrtosk cowphte, a pripriev, a phobcopy wnchirre typical oNke shpplies-n stapler, paper clips, pew, perrcils, a vulev ,:, , ' sow photogvaphs I, :I,,I,. . .,! : " etc. 1. Sit in any room of your choosing. List the things you see (including thiigs other people are wearing if you wish). 2. Look out a window. List the things and people you see. 3. Go to a place outdoors (a park, a zoo, a city street) and list what you see. 4. Travel in your imagination to a room you lived in when you were a child. List everything you can remember about that room. CountINoncount Nouns and Articles 31 7 11-5 USING SEVERAL, A LOT OF, MANYIMUCH, AND A FE WlA LITTLE I I COUNT I NONCOUNT I I 0 I Several is used only with count nouns. I EXERCISE 11. SEVERAL, A LOT OF, and MANYJMUCH. (Charts 11-1 + 1 1-5) Directions: Correct the mistakes. Some sentences contain no errors. One sentence contains a spelling error. @) a lot of chairs (c) many chairs (d) a feu, chairs SOW 1. Jack bought +eved furniture. 2. He bought several chairs. Ok (no change) a lot of furniture much furniture a little furniture 3. Ted bought a lot of chairs. 4. Sue bought a lot of furniture, too. A lot of is used with both count and noncounr nouns. Many is used with count nouns. Much is used with noncount nouns. A fi is used with count nouns. A little is used with noncount nouns. 5. Alice bought too much furniture. 6. She bought too much chairs. 7. Dr. Lee bought a few furniture for his new office. 8. He bought a few chairs. 9. He has several new furnitures in his office. 10. He has several new chairs in his office. 11. There is dot of desk in this room. 12. There are a lot of furnitures in Dr. Lee's office. EXERCISE 12. HOW MANY and HOW MUCH. (Charts 11-1 + 11-5) Direczions: Create questions with how many or how much. Use the information in parentheses to form Speaker A's question. 1. A: How wmy childveh do the ~illevs have ? B: Three. (The Miers have three children.) 2. A: How w~ch MOWY does .lake wake ? B: A lot. (Jake makes a lot of money.) 3. A: How on a soccer team? B: Eleven. (There are eleven players on a soccer team.) 4. A: How l',',~,!,, ' to do tonight? B: Just a little. (I have just a little homework to do tonight.) 5. A: How in the baskets? B: A lot. (There are a lot of apples in the baskets.) 6. A: How in the baskets? B: A lot. (There is a lot of fruit in the baskets.) 7. A: How in Canada? B: Ten. (There are ten provinces in Canada.) ,ti! :: . . 52: 8. A: How before you moved to Japan? B: Just a little. (I knew just a little Japanese before I moved to Japan.) 9. A: How in the world? B: Approximately 22,000. (There are approximately 22,000 kinds of fish in the world.) 10. A: How ? B: A lot. (You should buy a lot of cheese.) It looks really good. 11. A: How every day? B: Two cups. (I drink two cups of coffee every day.) 12. A: How in the chalk tray? B: Several pieces. (There are several pieces of chalk in the chalk tray.) CountlNoncount Nouns and Artlcles 319 EXERCISE 13. MANY vs. MUCH. (Charts 11-1 + 11-5) Directions: Work in pairs. Speaker A: Using the cues, ask a question using how much or how many. You are looking for the answer to "x." Your book is open. Speaker B: Listen carefully for the correct use of much and many. Answer the question. If you don't know the answer, guess. Sometimes Speaker A is given the correct answer and can tell you how close you are to the correct answer. Your book is closed. Example: water: You drink x every day. SP-R A (book open): How much water do you drink every day? SPEAKER B (book closed): I try to drink at least six glasses of water every day. Example: page: There are x in this chapter. (Answer: 32) SPEAKER A (book open): How many pages are there in this chapter? SPEAKER B (book closed): I don't know. I'd guess there are about thirty. SPEAKER A (book open): Very close! There are 32 pages in this chapter. 1. tea: 2. word: 3. money: 4. bone: 5. tooth: 6. mail: Switch roles. 7. sugar: 8. language: 9. English: 10. people: 1 1. human being: 12. butterfly: You usually drink x every day. There are x in the title of this book. (Answer 4) A pencil costs x. There are x in the human body. (Answer 206) The average person has x. (Answec 32) You got x yesterday. You put x in your tea. You can speak x. Had you studied x before you started attending this class? There were x on earth 2,000 years ago. (Answer: around 250 million) There are x in the world today. (Answer: around six billion) You can see x in one hour on a summer day in a flower garden. EXERCISE 14. A FEW vs. A LIlTLE. (Charts 11-1 + 11-5) Directions: Complete the sentences by using a few or a little and the given noun. Use the plural form of the noun when necessary. REMINDER: Use a few with a count noun: afew songs. Use a little with a noncount noun: a little music. 1. music I feel like listening to a little mwic tonight. 2. song We sang ol few s 6 h9s at the party. 3. help Do you need with that? 4. pepper My grandfather doesn't use extra salt, but he always puts on his hard-boiled egg 5. thing I need to pick up at the market on my way home from work tonight. 6. apple 7. fruit 8. advice 9. monq 10. coin 1 1. friend 12. rain 13. Fwnch 14. hour , 15. worhpaste _. 16. chicken I bought - at the market.* . - . ,'. I bought I * , .: ;.,, at the market. . .,.* I need If I accept that job, I'll make more Annie put in her pocket. came by last night to visit us. It looks like we might get today. I think I'll take my umbrella with me. I can speak , but I don't know any Italian at all. Ron's plane will arrive in more Tommy, put just on your toothbrush, not half the tube! I'm still hungry. I think I'll have more When I was a child, we raised in our backyard. a little chicken I a little chlcken I a few chickens I a blq chicken I a lot of chicken I a lot of chickens 'I bought a fm apples. = I bought a small number of apples. I bought a lid* apple. = I bought one apple, and it wes small, not large. CountlNoncount Nouns and Artlcles 321 1 11 -6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT ylure a xew nouns can oe useu as eirner counr or noncounr nouns. oxamplev ur UUUI uuunr mu nuncounr usages for some common nouns follow. NOUN USED AS A NONWW NOUN USED AS A COUNT NOUN ghs (a) Windows are made of glass. (b) I drank a glass of water. (c) Janet wears glasses when she reads. hair (d) Rita has brown hair. (e) There's a hair on my jacket. (m) How much tim do you need to finish (n) How many times have you been in Mexico? I iron light paw I work 1 (0) I have some wonk to do tonieht. I (D) That ~aintine is a wonk of art. I chicken1 (s) I ate some chickdamnefish. 1 (t) She drew a picture of a ch*hn/a&h. fib 1 I (f) Iron is a metal. (h) I opened the curtain to let in some &ht. (j) I need some paper to write a letter. ex@- (u) I haven't had much ex@enhce (v) I had many interesting expwknces on my I I with mmpum (l don't have mud I trip. (Many interesting events happened to (g) I pressed my shirt with an iron. (i) Please nun off the lights (lamps). (k) I wrote a papev for Professor Lee. (l) I bought a paj~er (a newspaper). I ~ - I knowledge or skill in using computers.) ( me on my trip.) I EXERCISE 15. Nouns that can be count or noncount. (Chart 11-6) Directions: Complete the sentences with the given words. Choose words in parentheses as necessary. 1. chicken Joe, would you like (a, some) sowe chickeh for dinner tonight? 2. chieken My grandmother raises ckicbe~s in her yard. 3. time It took a lot of to write my composition. 4. I really like that movie. I saw it three 5. paper Students in Prof. Young's literature class have to write a lot of . , 6. paper Students who take thorough lecture notes use a lot of 322 CHAPTER 11 7. paper The New York Times is (a, some) famous - iwi . 8 *L:~ . ,, .~- , c. >Yk, '. ;*,: *k&.&&'.? .;,, :!~: . . . , ' 8. work Rodin's statue of "The Thiiker" is one of my favorite of art. I have a lot of to do tomorrow at my office. 9. work 10. light 11. light 12. hair 13. hair 14. glass 15. glass 16. glass 17. iron If accidentally (get, gets) in a darkroom, (I& they) can ruin photographic negatives. There (is, are) a lot of fluorescent on the ceilings of the school building. Erin has straight , and Sara has curly Brian has a white cat. When I stood up from Brian's sofa, my black slacks were covered with short white I wear because I'm nearsighted. In some countries, people use for their tea; in other countries, they use cups. Framed paintings are usually covered with to protect them. (is, are) necessary to animal and plant life. 18. iron (is, are) used to make clothes look neat. 19. experience Grandfather had a lot of interesting in his long career as a diplomat. 20. experience You should apply for the job at the electronics company only if you have a lot of in that field. CountlNoncount Nouns and Articles 323 . . . , ' 8. work Rodin's statue of "The Thiiker" is one of my favorite of art. I have a lot of to do tomorrow at my office. 9. work 10. light 11. light 12 22,000 kinds of fish in the world.) 10. A: How ? B: A lot. (You should buy a lot of cheese.) It looks really good. 11. A: How every day? B: Two cups. (I drink two cups of coffee every. furniture for his new office. 8. He bought a few chairs. 9. He has several new furnitures in his office. 10. He has several new chairs in his office. 11. There is dot of desk in this room.