productivity noun / prɒdʌk'tɪvəti / [uncountable] = output increase/improve/raise productivity ways of increasing productivity high productivity levels in manufacturing complain
Trang 1Unit 1
refrigerate verb / rɪ 'frɪdʒəreɪt / [transitive] to make something such as food or liquid cold in a refrigerator in order to preserve it
Refrigerate the mixture overnight
Poultry, fish, and seafood should be kept refrigerated.
remain verb / rɪ'meɪn /
1. to continue to be in the same state or condition
remain unclear/unchanged/unanswered etc
Please remain seated until all the lights are on.
We remained friends.
Many scientists remain unconvinced by the current evidence.
2. to stay
remain at/in/with etc
She was too ill to remain at home.
The refugees were allowed to remain in the UK.
store verb to put things away and keep them until you need them
Squirrels are storing up nuts for the winter.
Store the beans in an airtight jar.
out of/beyond (somebody's) reach
Keep chemicals out of the reach of children.
within reach (of somebody)
Keep a glass of water within reach.
within (easy) reach of something = close to a place
The tourist attractions are within easy reach of the hotel.
consult verb / kən 'sʌlt / [intransitive and transitive] to ask for information or advice from someone because it is their job to know something
consult somebody about something
If symptoms persist, consult a doctor without delay.
An increasing number of people are consulting their accountants about the tax laws.
accelerate verb / ək 'seləreɪt / [intransitive and transitive] if a process accelerates or if
something accelerates it, it happens faster than usual or sooner than you expect
measures to accelerate the rate of economic growth
Trang 2succession noun / sək 'seʆən /
1 happening one after the other without anything different happening in between
in succession
She won the championship four times in succession
He fired two shots in quick succession.
2. [uncountable] the act of taking over an official job or position, or the right to be the next to take it
the queen's succession to the throne
sustainable adjective / sə 'steɪnəbəl / able to continue for a long time
The party is promising low inflation and sustainable economic growth.
productivity noun / prɒdʌk'tɪvəti / [uncountable] = output
increase/improve/raise productivity
ways of increasing productivity
high productivity levels in manufacturing
complain verb / kəm'pleɪn / to say that you are annoyed, not satisfied, or unhappy about something or someone
complain (that)/ complain (to someone) (about something)
Residents are complaining because traffic in the area has increased
She complained that no one had been at the airport to meet her.
Neighbors complained to the police about the dogs barking.
complaint noun / kəm 'pleɪnt / [uncountable and countable] a statement in which someone
complaint about something/ complaint from/to someone/ complaint that
make/have/receive a complaint
file/lodge/submit a complaint
The sales assistants are trained to deal with customer complaints in a friendly manner.
Keating was dismissed after complaints about the quality of his work.
complaints from local residents
We are concerned by complaints that children are being bullied.
The BBC received a stream of complaints about the program.
She went to the city council and lodged a complaint
punctual adjective / 'pʌŋktʆuəl / formal = on time
She's always very punctual for appointments.
the punctual payment of invoices
all things considered = all in all, on the whole, when all is said and done
All things considered , I'm sure we made the right decision.
She keeps herself to herself All things considered, she would be better married.
2
Trang 3pay off if something you do pays off, it is successful or has a good result
Teamwork paid off.
disgust noun / dɪs 'gʌst, dɪz- / [uncountable] a strong feeling of dislike, annoyance, or disapproval
with disgust/ in disgust/ to somebody's disgust/ disgust at
Joan looked at him with disgust.
Sam threw his books down in disgust and stormed out of the room.
Much to my disgust, I found that there were no toilets for the disabled.
The fans didn't hide their disgust at the umpire's decision.
disgusted adjective / dɪs'gʌstɪd, dɪz- / very annoyed or upset by something that is not acceptable
disgusted at/by/with; disgusted that
Most locals are disgusted by the anti-foreigner violence.
Animal welfare workers were disgusted that anyone could do this to a puppy.
flatter / 'flætə / [transitive] to praise someone in order to please them or get something from them, even though you do not mean it
Perry would always flatter Mrs Mitchell by praising her cooking.
flattery noun / 'flætəri / [uncountable] praise that you do not really mean
ease verb if something unpleasant eases, or if you ease it, it gradually improves or becomes less
ease the pain/stress/tension; ease the pressure/burden
He'll give you something to ease the pain
This should ease the burden on busy teachers.
measures to ease congestion in the city
Trang 4UNIT 3
install verb / ɪn 'stɔːl / [transitive] to put a piece of equipment somewhere and connect it so that it
is ready to be used
They've installed the new computer network at last
Security cameras have been installed in the city centre.
best verb [transitive] defeat someone
resign verb / rɪ'zaɪn / officially announce that you have decided to leave your job or an organization
resign from something; resign as something
resign your post/seat/position etc
She resigned from the government last week.
He resigned as Governor of Punjab in August.
Tom has since resigned his membership of the golf club.
be about to do something if someone is about to do something, or if something is about
to happen, they will do it or it will happen very soon
We were just about to leave when Jerry arrived
Work was about to start on a new factory building.
succeed verb / sək'siːd /
1 to do what you tried or wanted to do
succeed (in doing something)
Scientists claim they have succeeded in finding a cure for cancer
Very few people succeed in losing weight and keeping it off.
The drug therapy has not succeeded
2 to be the next person to take a position or job after someone else
succeed somebody as something
succeed somebody to the throne (= to be the next king or queen)
Reeves will succeed Segal as Speaker of the House.
Who will succeed him to the throne?
4
Trang 5UNIT 4
be located in/near etc something = be situated
The business is located right in the center of town.
The bulk of the world's rainforests, 97 percent, are located in 27 developing countries.
The three theaters are located in the center of town.
quota noun / 'kwəʊtə / [countable]
1 an official limit on the number or amount of something that is allowed in a particular period
a quota on something/ quota for something
The government has imposed quotas on the export of timber.
The government has decided to scrap quotas on car imports.
Several countries have now set quotas for cod fishing.
There are plans to introduce strict immigration quotas.
2 an amount of something that someone is expected to do or achieve
a quota of something/ quota for something
meet/make/achieve a quota
sales/production quota
Each person was given a quota of tickets to sell.
In the 1990s, the Navy couldn't fill its quota for new recruits.
They're worried that they won't achieve this year's sales quota.
quote noun [countable] = quotation
quote from
a quote from the minister's speech
variation noun / veəri 'eɪʆən / [uncountable and countable] a difference between similar things,
or a change from the usual amount or form of something
variation in/ variation among/ variation between something
variations in the quality of the rugs
There is a great deal of variation among the responses.
The study concluded that the variation between the different CD players was very small.
variant noun / 'veəriənt/ [countable] something that is slightly different from the usual form of something
variant of/on
a variant on the typical Hollywood hero
Trang 6variety noun / və 'raɪəti / = diversity, type
a variety of something
a wide/great/endless etc variety of something
give/add/bring variety (to something) (=make something more interesting)
The girls come from a variety of different backgrounds
Cafe Artista offers a wide variety of sandwiches.
Occasionally working from home adds variety to a job.
The lake has more than 20 varieties of fish.
wholesale adjective/noun relating to the business of selling goods in large quantities at low
prices to other businesses, rather than to the general public
wholesale prices
retail noun / 'riːteɪl / [uncountable] the sale of goods in shops to customers, for their own use and not for selling to anyone else
the retail trade/business
a retail outlet/shop/store/chain
a manager with twenty years' experience in the retail business
We are looking for more retail outlets for our products.
a retail price of £8.99
Retail sales fell by 1.3% in January.
prosperity noun / prɒ 'sperəti / [uncountable] when people have money and everything that is needed for a good life
a time of economic prosperity
the future prosperity of the country
prosper verb / 'prɒspə/ [intransitive] = thrive = flourish = boom
Businesses across the state are prospering.
depression noun / dɪ'preʆən / [uncountable and countable] = slump = recession
the devastating effects of economic depression
6
Trang 7UNIT 5
remind verb / rɪ'maɪnd / [transitive] to make someone remember something that they must do
remind somebody about something
remind somebody to do something
remind somebody (that)
Yes, I'll be there Thanks for reminding me.
The girls constantly had to be reminded about their chores.
Remind me to buy some milk tonight.
Mrs Welland reminded her son that they still had several people to see.
leave verb [transitive] to let something remain in a particular state, position, or condition
leave something on/off/out etc
You've left your lights on
She must have left the phone off the hook.
leave something open/empty/untidy/ unanswered etc
I wish you'd stop leaving the door open.
The trial left many questions unanswered
Leave the next two lines blank for the tutor's comments.
leave something doing something
I'll just leave the engine running while I go in.
Don't leave tools lying about.
charge noun / tʆɑːdʒ / [uncountable and countable] the amount of money you have to pay for
goods or services
charge of something; charge for something
an admission charge of $5
There's a 50 pence booking charge for each ticket.
Guided tours are provided at no charge
Your order will be sent free of charge
fine noun [countable] money that you have to pay as a punishment
a £40 fine
pay a fine
pay £100/$50 etc in fines
She was ordered to pay £150 in parking fines, plus court costs.
If convicted, the men face heavy fines.
tuition noun / tju'ɪʆən / [uncountable] = tuition fees: the money you pay for being taught
When I started college, tuition was $350 a quarter.
Trang 8fare noun / feə / [countable] the price you pay to travel somewhere by bus, train, plane etc
bus/train/air/cab fare
half-fare/full-fare
Air fares have shot up by 20%
Children under 14 travel half-fare.
fee noun / fiː / [countable] an amount of money that you pay to do something or that you pay to a professional person for their work
school fees; entrance/entry fee; legal/medical fee; doctor's/lawyer's/accountant's etc fees
The health club charges an annual membership fee.
Cable TV subscribers pay monthly fees
Park entrance fees have gone up to $15.
The run, to raise money for breast cancer, has a £10 entry fee
The insurance company paid all my medical fees.
My solicitor charges a flat fee (=an amount that does not change) for handling the sale of a
house
expertise noun / ekspɜː'tiːz / [uncountable] = know-how, skill, knowledge
technical/financial/medical etc expertise
expertise in something
What he's bringing to the company is financial expertise.
trainee engineers with varying degrees of computer expertise
expertise in the management of hotels
specialty noun / 'speʆəlti / [countable] American English
1 a subject or job that you know a lot about or have a lot of experience of
Johnson's specialty is medieval European history.
2 a particular product or business that has one purpose or sells one type of thing
an area with clothes retailers and specialty shops
warranty noun / 'wɒrənti / [countable] a written agreement in which a company selling something promises to repair it if it breaks within a particular period of time
under warranty
The car is still under warranty.
a three-year warranty
certificate noun / sə 'tɪfɪkət / [countable]
1 an official document that states that a fact or facts are true
birth/death/marriage certificate
2 an official paper stating that you have completed a course of study or passed an examination
a degree certificate
8
Trang 9license noun /'laɪsəns/ [countable] an official document giving you permission to own or do
something for a period of time
The dealers applied for an export license
He was arrested for driving without a license
The Tennessee Valley Authority applied for a license to operate the facility
I forgot to renew my driving license
compensate verb [transitive] /'kɒmpənseɪt/ to pay someone money because they have suffered injury, loss, or damage
compensate somebody for something
The government promised to compensate victims of the flood.
The firm will compensate workers for their loss of earnings.
compensation noun / kɒmpən 'seɪʆn/ [uncountable] money paid to someone because they have suffered injury or loss, or because something they own has been damaged
compensation for
compensation for injuries at work
compensation from
She received compensation from the government for the damage caused to her
property
in compensation
The jury awarded Tyler $1.7 million in compensation.
as compensation
The workers were given 30 days' pay as compensation.
demand/seek/claim compensation
The parents are seeking compensation for birth defects caused by the drug
award/grant compensation
The court awarded Jamieson £30,000 compensation
breach / briːtʆ / [uncountable and countable] an action that breaks a law, rule, or agreement breach of
be in breach of something
This was a clear breach of the 1994 Trade Agreement
They sued the company for breach of contract
a breach of professional duty
He was clearly in breach of the law.
Trang 10UNIT 6
request noun / rɪ 'kwest / [countable] a polite or formal demand for something
request for
They have made an urgent request for international aid.
request that
Anderson repeated his request that we postpone the meeting.
at somebody's request (=because someone asked for it to be done)
The study was done at the request of the Chairman.
On/upon request (=if you ask for it)
Further details will be sent on request.
need noun a situation in which something is necessary, especially something that is not happening yet or is not yet available
need for
Managers should explain the need for change.
There's an urgent need for more nurses.
There's a growing need for new housing in many rural areas.
a need to do something
We fully recognize the need to improve communications.
stress/emphasize/underline etc the need (for something)
She stressed the need for regular meetings.
put/bring something into effect to make a plan or idea happen
It won't be easy to put the changes into effect.
take effect to start to produce results
The morphine was starting to take effect and the pain eased.
take effect/come into effect if a law, rule, or system takes effect or comes into effect, it officially starts
with immediate effect/with effect from starting to happen immediately, or from a particular date
Hoskins is appointed manager, with immediate effect.
attendance noun / ə'tendəns / [uncountable and countable] the number of people who attend a game, concert, meeting etc
We have an average attendance of 4000 fans per game
Last year's fair saw attendance figures of 32,000.
Over 2000 people were in attendance at yesterday's demonstration.
10