các thì trong tiếng anh, bồi dưỡng học sinh

Use cách dùng  Diễn tả hành động xảy ra và chấm dứt tại một thời điểm hoặc khoảng thời gian xácđịnh trong quá khứ.. Use Cách dùng  Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác

 Phủ định : I / you / we / they + don’t + verb…

He / she / it + doesn’t + verb……

 Nghi vấn : Do + I / you / we / they + verb… ?

Does + he / she / it + verb……?

b Use ( cách dùng )

 Diễn tả hành động xảy ra thường xuyên hoặc một thói quen ở hiện tại

Ex: Do you often go to the cinema ?

We sometimes go sailing at weekends.

He smokes twenty cigarettes a day.

We go to the country every weekend.

lần )

2 Present continuous ( Hiện tại tiếp diễn )

a Form ( hình thức)

 Khẳng định: S + am / are / is + V-ing ……

 Phủ định : S + am / are / is + not + V-ing ……

 Nghi vấn : Am / Are / Is + S + V-ing ……?

b Use ( cách dùng )

 Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra vào lúc nói

Ex: What’s that smell ? Something is burning in the kitchen

Why are you wearing that funny hat ?

I work in a bakery everyday But I’m working in a shop this week

 Cách nhận biết: now , right now / right at the moment / at present, today , this + time

3 Simple past ( Quá khứ đơn )

a Form ( hình thức)

 Khẳng định: S + V2 / V-ed ……

 Phủ định : S + didn’t + V1 …

 Nghi vấn : Did + S + V1 … ?

b Use ( cách dùng )

 Diễn tả hành động xảy ra và chấm dứt tại một thời điểm hoặc khoảng thời gian xácđịnh trong quá khứ

Ex: He met her yesterday.

He lived in Hanoi from 1990 to 2000.

They didn’t meet each other last night.

 Cách nhận biết: yesterday, ago, last + time , in + year , from… to

4 Past continuous ( Quá khứ tiếp diễn )

a Form ( hình thức)

 Khẳng định: S + were / was + V-ing …….

 Phủ định : S + were / was + not + V-ing ……

 Nghi vấn : Were / Was + S + V-ing ……?

b Use ( cách dùng )

 Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra tại thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ

Ex: What were you doing at 8.00 last night ? I was watching television When I got home , the children were crying and the dog was barking

 Diễn tả hành động bị gián đoạn

Ex: While I was having a bath, the phone rang

He was making some coffee when we arrived

 Diễn tả hai hành động đang diễn ra cùng một lúc

Ex: I was learning my lesson while my parents were watching TV at 8.30 last night.

While he was playing football, we were listening to music.

 Cách nhận biết:

At that moment ( vào lúc đó)

At that time ( vào lúc đó)

At this time yesterday ( vào lúc này hôm qua)

At this time last night ( vào lúc này tối hôm qua)

At 4 (5, 6 …) o'clock yesterday (vào lúc 4 (5, 6…)

giờ hôm qua.)

All day yesterday ( suốt ngày hôm qua)

5 Present perfect ( Hiện tại hoàn thành )

a Form ( Hình thức )

Khẳng định : I/ you /we /they + have + V3 / V-ed …

He /she /it + has + V3 / V-ed

Phủ định : S + have / has + not + V3 / V-ed …

Nghi vấn : Have / has + S + V3 / V-ed … ?

b Use (Cách dùng )

 Dùng để chỉ hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ và kéo dài đến hiện tại :

Ex: I have learnt English for 4 years

My mother has decorated the house since yesterday.

He has seen that actor many times

for ages ( đã lâu )

just (vừa mới)

already (rồi)

recently / lately (gần đây) never

ever still (vẫn) not…yet (chưa) several times = many times (nhiều lần)

NOTES:  FOR + khoảng thời gian Ex: for 3 hours , for a long time

 SINCE + mốc thời gian Ex: since 1968 , since last Christmas

6 Present perfect continuous ( Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn )

a Form (Hình thức)

Khẳng định : I/ you /we /they + have + been + V- ing …

He /she /it + has + been + V- ing

Phủ định : S + have / has + not + been + V- ing …

Nghi vấn : Have / has + S + been + V- ing … ?

b Use (Cách dùng )

 Nhấn mạnh sự liên tục của hành động kéo dài từ trong quá khứ và vẫn còn đang tiếp diễn

Ex: I’ve been working for the same company for twelve years.

How long have you been playing football ?

7 Past perfect ( Quá khứ hoàn thành )

a Form ( Hình thức )

Khẳng định : S + had + V3 / V-ed …

Phủ định : S + had + not + V3 / V-ed …

Nghi vấn : Had + S + V3 / V-ed … ?

b Use (Cách dùng )

 Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác hoặc thời điểm khác trong quá khứ

 Cách nhận biết: before, after, by the time, when, as soon as.

Ex: My parents had already eaten by the time I got home.

Until yesterday , I had never heard about it

8 Past perfect continuous ( Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn )

a Form ( Hình thức )

Khẳng định : S + had + been + V-ing …

Phủ định : S + had + not + been + V-ing …

Nghi vấn : Had + S + been + V-ing … ?

b Use (Cách dùng )

 Dùng để nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của một hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác hay một thờiđiểm khác cũng trong quá khứ

Ex: She had been studying English before she came here for classes.

The police had been looking for the criminal for two years before they caught him

9 Simple future ( Tương lai đơn )

a.Form ( Hình thức )

Khẳng định : S + will / shall + V1 …

Phủ định : S + will / shall + not + V1 …

Nghi vấn : Will / Shall + S + V1 … ?

b.Use (Cách dùng )

 Diễn tả hành động sẽ xảy ra tại một thời điểm nào đó trong tương lai : tomorrow , next + time,soon,

sonmeday

Ex: He will finish his work tomorrow

We shall have our examination next month.

 Diễn đạt một đề nghị , một yêu cầu , hay sự mời mọc ( thường ở dạng câu hỏi )

Ex: Will you go shopping with me now ?

10 Future continuous ( Tương lai tiếp diễn )

a.Form ( Hình thức )

Khẳng định : S + will / shall + be + V-ing …

Phủ định : S + will / shall + be + not + V-ing …

Nghi vấn : Will / Shall + S + be + V-ing … ?

b.Use (Cách dùng )

 Diễn tả hành động sẽ đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong tương lai

Ex: Don’t phone at 8.00 I’ll be having supper.

This time tomorrow I ‘ll be flying to New York

 Dùng để hỏi về những kế hoạch hay dự tính của ngưới khác , nhất là khi chúng ta muốn cái gì đóhay muốn người nào làm điều gì đó

Ex: “ Will you be using your bicycle this evening? “ “ No, you can take it “

“ Will you be passing the post office when you go out ? “ “ Yes , why ?

11 Future perfect ( Tương lai hoàn thành )

a.Form ( Hình thức )

Khẳng định : S + will / shall + have + V3 / V-ed …

Phủ định : S + will / shall + not + have + V3 / V-ed …

Nghi vấn : Will / Shall + S + have + V3 / V-ed … ?

b.Use (Cách dùng )

 Diễn tả hành động sẽ hoàn thành trước một hành động khác hoặc thời điểm khác trong tương lai

Ex: The taxi will have arrived by the time you finish dressing

By next Christmas, he will have lived in Dalat for 5 years.

2 VERB FORMS

A / LIST OF VERBS FOLLOWED BY V-ING

1. admit thừa nhận

1. advise khuyên bảo

2. allow cho phép

3. avoid tránh né, tránh xa

4. complete hoàn thành

5. consider cân nhắc, xem xét

6. continue tiếp tục

7. can’t help không thể không

8. can’t stand không thể chịu

được

9. delay hoãn lại

10. deny phủ nhận

11. discuss thảo luận

18. keep (on) cứ , cứ tiếp tục

19. mention đề cập đến , nói về

20. mind chú ý,quan tâm

21. miss bỏ lỡ

22. permit cho phép

27. resent giận , oán giận

28. resist cưỡng lại , chống

B / LIST OF VERBS FOLLOWED BY TO - INFINITIVE

1. afford có đủ tiền

1. agree đồng ý

2. appear dường như

3. arrange sắp đặt , thu sếp

4. askyêu cầu

5. begnăn nỉ , cầu xin

6. consent ưng thuận

7. decide quyết định

8. demand đòi hỏi

9. deserve đáng , xứng đáng

10. expect mong đợi

11. failquên , thất bại

12. hesitate do dự

13. hope hy vọng

14. learn học

15. manage xoay xở

16. mean có ý , muốn nói

24 seem trông có vẻ

25 struggle đấu tranh , gắngsức

31 wish ước muốn

C / LIST OF VERBS FOLLOWED BY AN OBJECT + TO - INFINITIVE

1. advise khuyên bảo

1. allow cho phép

2. askyêu cầu

9. expect mong đợi

10. forbid cấm , ngăn cấm

11. force bắt buộc , ép buộc

12. instruct chỉ dẫn , hướng

dẫn

13. invite mời

14. need cần

15. order ra lệnh

16. permit cho phêp

17. persuade thuyết phục

18. remind nhắc nhở

19. require yêu cầu , đòi hỏi

♣ stop + v.ing : ngừng làm công việc đang làm

Ex : He was writing; and when I came in, he stopped writing and looked at me

♣ stop + to infinitive : ngừng lại để làm một việc khác (a purpose)

Ex : He was speaking on the phone when the door bell rang He stopped to answer the door

2 Forget / Remember :

♣ forget / remember + v.ing : quên hoặc nhớ điều gì đã xảy ra trong qúa khứ

Ex : I remember playing with dolls when I was a child

I never forget winning the scholarship last year

♣ forget / remember + to infinitive : quên hoặc nhớ thực hiện trách nhiệm, bổn phận hay công việc nào

đó trong hiện tại hoặc tương lai

Ex : I always remember to lock the front door before going to school

Don’t forget to phone me when you return home tomorrow

3 Regret :

♣ regret + v.ing : tiếc điều gì đã xảy ra trong qúa khứ

Ex : I regret lending him money He never paid it back to me

♣ regret + to infinitive : tiếc là phải nói hoặc thông báo cho ai về điều gì không hay

Ex : I regret to tell you that you failed the college entrance examination

4 Need :

♣S(vật) + need + v.ing / to be + V3 : (passive meaning) cần phải được

Ex : My house is rather old It needs repainting

♣S(người) + need + to infinitive : cần phải làm điều gì (mà chưa làm được)

Ex : She needs to study harder so that she can pass the final test

5 Try :

♣ try + v.ing : thử làm điều gì để xem có được hay không

♣ try + to infinitive : cố gắng

E / SPECIAL EXPRESSIONS FOLLOWED BY THE ING-FORM

1 have fun / have a good time : thích thú, vui vẻ

2 have trouble / have difficulty / have a hard time /

have a difficult time : gặp khó khăn trong việc gì

3 spend / waste + (time) + v.ing

4 sit / stand / lie + (place) + v.ing

5 find / catch + object + v.ing : thấy hay bắt gặp ai

đang làm gì

6 to be no good / no use + v.ing : vô ích

7 to be worth / worthwhile + v.ing : đáng, xứng đáng

8 to be busy + v.ing : bận làm gì

9 There is no point in + v.ing

10 can’t stand = can’t help: khơng thể khơng

11 look forward to: mong đợi

12 be/get used to : quen với

F / GO + V.ING

1 go birdwatching : đi xem triển lãm chim

2 go camping : đi cắm trại

1 go dancing : đi khiêu vũ

3 go fishing : đi câu cá

5 go hunting : đi săn

6 go jogging : đi chạy bộ

7 go mountain climbing : đi leo núi

8 go sailing : đi chèo thuyền

9 go shopping : đi mua sắm

10 go window shopping : đi dạo

11 go swimming : đi bơi

G / S + V + O + BARE INFINITIVE / V.ING

1. hear : nghe

2. listen to a : lắng nghe

3. notice : chú ý

4. observe : quan sát

5. perceive : cảm nhận

1 IT IS TIME + S + VED/2 : Đến giờ để chúng ta làm gì:

Ex: It's time we went

2 S + WOULD RATHER + S + VED/ 2 Ai muốn/ thích ai làm gì hơn

Ex: I would rather you did the test well.

3 S + SUGGEST + V-ING: Ai ủeà nghũ neõn laứm chuyeọn gỡ

Ex: I suggest fixing the faucet

4 S + SUGGEST + (THAT) + S + SHOULD + V: Ai ủeà nghũ ai neõn laứm chuyeọn gỡ

Ex: I suggest that we should turn off the faucet

3 TAG QUESTIONS

Affirmative statement, negative tag?

Negative statement, affirmative tag?

Eg: They won’t answer the questions, will they?

Helen can speak English very well, can’t

she?

My mother is very beautiful, isn’t she?

Hoa makes the questions, doesn’t she? Nam didn’t agree with you, did he?

My father went to the cinema, didn’t he?

SPECIAL CASES ( Trờng hợp đặc biệt):

a Phần đuôi của “ I am” là “ Aren’t I ”

Eg: I’m going to do it again, aren’t I?

b Imperatives and Requests ( Câu mệnh lệnh và câu yêu cầu):

• Imperatives:

+ Có phần đuôi là “won’t you?” và diễn tả lời mời:

Eg: Take your seat, won’t you? (Mời ông ngồi)

+ Có phần đuôi là “will you?” và diễn tả lời yêu cầu

Eg: Open the door, will you? ( Xin vui lòng mở cửa)

• Requests:

Eg: Please keep silient, will you? (Vui lòng giữ im lặng)

Please don’t make noise, will you? ( Xin vui lòng đừng làm ồn)

c Phần đuôi của câu với “ Let’s + V ” : là “Shall we ?”

Eg: Let’s go swimming, shall we? (Chúng ta đi bơi nhé)

d Nothing, đợc thay là thế bằng “ It” ở câu hỏi đuôi:

Eg : Nothing gives you more pleasure than listening to music, does it ?

e Noone, Nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everybody, everyone đợc thay thế bằng

Eg: Nobody phoned while I was out, did they?

 This/ That đợc thay thế là “It”.

Eg: This won’t take long, will it?

 These/ Those đợc thay thế là “They”.

Eg: Those are nice, aren’t they?

4 COMPARISION OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

AS + Adj/Adv + AS

Ex: Ann is taller than me.

 Với tính từ và trạng từ dài

Ex: This exercise is more difficult than that one.

NOTES:

 Tính từ (trạng từ) ngắn gồm các tính từ cĩ một âm tiết và các tính từ cĩ 2 âm tiết mà tận cùng bằng: -y, -ow,

-er, -le, -et

Ex: Happy  happier narrow  narrower quiet  quieter

Clever  Cleverer simple  simpler

 Tính từ ngắn tận cùng là một phụ âm, trước nĩ là một nguyên âm thì gấp đơi phụ âm cuối trước khi thêm ER Ex: Hot  hotter big  bigger

Ex: They all behaved badly, but Peter behaved the worst.

Anne feels much better today.

d Double Comparison ( Sĩ sánh kép)

a So sánh kép để miêu tả sự việc ngày càng phát triển:

Ex: The standard of living is getting better and better.

The tests are more and more difficult.

b So sánh kép miêu tả hai sự việc cùng song song phát triển, thay đổi ở sự kiện này sẽ kèm theo thay đổi ở sự kiện kia.

Ex: The more you learn, the better you know about the world.

5 RELATIVE CLAUSES

 Relative pronouns : WHO – WHOM – WHICH – WHOSE - THAT

1 The woman is my mother She wears a hat

Chức năng Mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới

hạn

Chủ ngữ

Tân ngữ

MORE + Adj./ Adv + THAN

THE + Adj + EST

THE MOST Adj./Adv

Short Adj.: Adj + ER and Adj + ER Long Adj.: More and more +Adj.

The + adj./adv + er, the + adj./adv + er The more + adj./adv., the more + adj./adv.

 The woman who / that wears a hat is my mother

2 My mother is the person I always think of her

 My mother is the person whom / that I always think of

3 The bicycle is beautiful You are looking at it

 The bicycle which / that you are looking at is beautiful.

4 The book is my teacher’s It is on the table

 The book which / that is on the table is my teacher’s

5 He is the boy His father is the director of this company

 He is the boy whose father is the director of this company

 Relative adverbs : WHERE – WHEN – WHY

1 WHERE : được dùng để thay thế “ giới từ + which” : “ in which, at which, on which…” khi nói về

nơi chốn

Ex: I went to the office My father works in the office

 I went to the office in which my father works.

 I went to the office where my father works.

2 WHEN: được dùng để thay thế “giới từ + which” : “ in which , at which, on which ….” khi nói về thời

gian

Ex: You can visit me on Sundays I am usually free on Sundays

 You can visit me on Sundays on which I am usually free

 You can visit me on Sundays when I am usually free

3 WHY : được dùng để thay thế “ for + which” khi nói về lý do

Ex: He refused my invitation The reason is unknown

 The reason why he refused my invitation is unknown.

NOTE : “ where , when , why “ không bao giờ đi sau giới từ

 Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn : là mệnh đề bổ sung, đặt sau danh từ đã được xác định, và được ngăncách với mệnh đề chính bởi một hoặc hai dấu phẩy

Ex: Michael Jackson is an American singer I saw him on TV yesterday

 Michael Jackson , whom I saw on TV yesterday , is an American singer.

NOTES

a “That” thường được dùng trong các trường hợp sau:

 Khi từ đi trước chỉ người và vật

Ex: The girls and flowers that he painted were vivid

 Sau so sánh nhất khi danh từ đi trước làm tân ngữ và sau những từ như : the first, the last, the only, the

very, any, all, nothing, anything, everything, few, nobody, …

Ex: You are the person that I have been looking for She is the ugliest girl that I’ve ever seen.

I have never seen anyone that is as lovely as she

b “That” không bao giờ được dùng trong các trường hợp sau:

 Đại từ quan hệ có giới từ đứng trước

Ex: The house in which / in that I live is my father’s.

That is the man from whom / from that I borrowed the car.

 Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn

Ex: Viet Nam, which / that is in the south-east Asia, exports rice.

c Trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định ( không giới hạn ) , danh từ xác định thường là :

 Danh từ riêng : Nam, Hong , Mr Smith, Mrs Green …

 Đại từ chỉ định : this , that , these, those

 Tính từ sở hữu : my, your , our , their , his, her

Ex:  Mr Pike is very nice He is my neighbor  Mr Pike , who is my neighbor , is very nice.

 This matter is of great importance You should pay attention to it

 This matter , to which you should pay attention, is of great importance

 Do you see my pen ? I’ve just written the lesson with it  Do you see my pen, with which I’ve just written the lesson

6 STRUCTURES OF “USE”

a Be used to + Ving /Noun/ Noun phrases : = be accustomed to + V-ing = get used to + V-ing : quen với,

thích hợp với

Ex : Women are used to being independent.

I am used to hot weather.

b Used to + bare infinitive : đã từng, thường ( thĩi quen trong quá khứ )

( didn’t use to + V1 / Did + S + use to + V1?)

Ex : He used to smoke a lot of cigarette.

c Use + noun : dùng

Ex : I have used this book for many years.

d Be used for + Ving / be used to + V1 : được dùng để ( cơng dụng của một vật )

Ex : Money is used for buying and selling goods = Money is used to buy and sell goods.

7 WISH CLAUSES

now

night

8 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

1 Điều kiện cĩ thể xảy ra ở tương lai Simple present

(hiện tại đơn) will/shall … + V1

2 Điều kiện khơng thể xảy ra ở hiện

tại Simple past (Quá khứ đơn ) (be  were ) would /should /… + V1

3 Điều kiện khơng thể xảy ra ở quá

would/should… + have + V3/V-ed

Note: 1 Unless = If … not ( nếu khơng, trừ phi)

Ex :Unless it rains, we will go to the movies = If it doesn’t rain, we will go to the movies

Unless they attended class regularly, they couldn’t understand the lesson = If they didn’t

attend class regularly, they couldn’t understand the lesson

2 As long as / provided / providing (that) : với điều kiện là

Ex: You can borrow my book as long as you use it carefully.

You can play providing (that) you don’t make so much noise.

3 Suppose, supposing: giả sử

Ex: Supposing you won a lot of money, what would you do?

4 In case: phịng khi, trong trường hợp

Ex: Take an umbrella with you in case it rains

9 PASSIVE VOICE

Ex:

Passive: English was taught by Mr Smith

BẢNG TĨM TẮT CÁC THÌ Ở BỊ ĐỘNG

TENSE ( Thì ) ACTIVE ( Câu chủ động ) PASSIVE ( Câu bị động )

1 Simple present ( Hiện tại

đơn )

S + Verb ( s / es ) S + am / is / are + V3 / V-ed

2 Present continuous

( HTTD )

S + am / is / are + V-ing S + am /is /are + being + V3 /V-ed

3 Simple past (Quá khứ

đơn )

4 Past continuous

( QKTD )

S + was / were + V-ing S + was / were + being + V3 / V-ed

5 Present perfect ( HTHT ) S + have / has + V3 / V-ed S + have / has + been + V3 / V-ed

S + have/has/ought to + be + ed…

V3/V-S + had + been + V3/ Ved

NOTES

1 Bị động 2 mênh đề ( believe, know, think, say, report…)

Câu chủ động :

Câu bị động :

Ex : 1 People believe that 13 is an unlucky number

 It is believed that 13 is an unlucky number

 13 is believed to be an unlucky number

2 They know that the prisoner escaped from the jail.

 It is known that the prisoner escaped from the jail.

 The prisoner is known to have escaped from the jail.

People / they + V1 (consider/ know / believe/ say /…) + …that + S + V2 + …

It + is / was + past participle (V1) + that + S + V2 +…

to infinitive … (khi V2 ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai)

S + be + past participle (V1) +

to have + V3/V-ed … (khi V2 ở quá khứ)

S + have + Object ( người ) + V-bare infinitive + Object (Vật)

S + have + Object ( vật ) + V3 /Ved + by O (người)

Ex : I had the garage repair my car

I had my car repaired by the garage Model 2 :

Câu chủ động :

Câu bị động :

Ex : I get her to make some coffee.

I get some coffee made.

10 PHRASES and CLAUSES OF PURPOSE

a Phrases of purpose ( Cụm từ chỉ mục đích )

Ex : I learn English to study abroad = I learn English in order to study abroad

He got up early so as not to miss the train = He got up early in order not to miss the train

Ex: a Because she behaves well, everybody loves her = Because of her good behavior, everybody loves her

b As he behaved badly, he must be punished = Because of his bad behavior, he must be punished

c Since I can’t read Italian, I have to read English = Because of my ability to read Italian, I have to readEnglish

2 MODEL 2

Ex Although it rains, we go to school on time = Despite / In spite of the rain, we go to school on time

3 MODEL 3

Ex: I find it hard to live on my salary

I think it a good thing to be accurate

In order that

S + V (find/consider/believe/make ) + it + ADJ / NOUN + TO–inf

S + Get + Object ( người ) + to infinitive + Object (Vật)

S + Get + Object (Vật) + V3/ Ved

4 MODEL 4

: (Ai) mất (thời gian) bao lõu để làm gỡ

Ex: It takes me half an hour to ride to school

5 CLASUES OF RESULT

Ex: 1 The box was too heavy for the children to carry

2 This question is enough easy for us to answer

3 She ran so fast that they couldn’t catch her

4 It was such a heavy box that the children couldn’t carry it

12 THE PRONUNCIATION Of THE ENDINGS: -S/ES and -ED

A Cách phát âm đuôi S/ES của động từ ngôi thứ ba số ít, danh từ số nhiều, và sở hữu cách.

missesmixeswashesmatchesmassagesstagesrises

Bruce’sFelix’sTrish’sGooch’sSolange’sGorge’sRose’s

 Đọc là /Z/ sau các từ tận cùng bằng các phụ âm còn lại, và tất cả các nguyên âm.

robslivesreadsdigsfillscomeslearnsbringsgoesplayswears

Bob’s Olive’sDonald’sPeg’sDaniel’sTom’sJane’sKing’sJo’sClay’sClare’s

B Cách phát âm đuôi ED của động từ có quy tắc.

 Đọc là /id/ sau từ tận cùng bằng âm /d/ hoặc /t/

need – needed decide – decided want – wanted start – started

S + V + too + adj/adv + ( for + O ) + to infinitive

S + V + adj / adv + enough + ( for + O ) + to infinitive

S + V + enough + noun + to-inf / for something

S + V + so + adj / adv

S + V + so +much / many + noun + THAT + CLAUSE

S + V + such ( a /an) + adj +noun

S + V + such + a lot of + noun

S + V + So +adj + a + noun

It takes/took + (somebody) + (time) + to-inf

* Các tính từ tận cùng bằng ED thì đuôi ED cũng đợc phát âm nh cách phát âm của động từ có quy tắc Tuy

nhiên, một số tính từ cổ tận cùng bằng -ed, hoặc một số trạng từ tận cùng bằng -edly, thì -ed đợc phát âm là /id/.Adjectives:

/id/ naked : khỏa thân crooked : cong, oằn ragged : nhàu, cũ wretched : khốn khổ

rugged : gồ ghề learned : uyên bác wiked : xấu xa

Adverbs:

/id/ deservedly : xứng đáng supposedly: cho là markedly : một cách rõ ràng, đáng chú ý

allegedly : cho rằng

13 SUBJECT and VERB AGREEMENT

( Sửù hoà hụùp giửừa chuỷ ngửừ vaứ ủoọng tửứ )

1 Nhửừng trửụứng hụùp ủoọng tửứ chia soỏ ớt:

a Hai chuỷ ngửừ goàm nhieàu danh tửứ noỏi vụựi nhau baống “ and “ nhửng chổ cuứng moọt ngửụứi moọt vaọt

Ex: My old friend and colleague, John, has just got married

b Chuỷ ngửừ laứ tửứ chổ soỏ lửụùng veà tieàn baùc, thụứi gian, khoaỷng caựch, troùng lửụùng.

Ex: Ten dollars is not enough

Three years in a strange land seems like a long time

c Chuỷ ngửừ laứ nhửừng ủaùi tửứ baỏt ủũnh: each(of), every(of), any (+ one, thing, body), some (+ one, thing, body),

no (+ one, thing, body), one of, either of, neither of, the number of …

Ex: If anyone calls, tell him I’ll call back later

Each of the boys has a bicycle

d Chuỷ ngửừ laứ moọt meọnh ủeà, danh ủoọng tửứ, ủoọng tửứ nguyeõn maóu:

Ex: That he failed the exam makes his parents sad

Walking is good for health

To live is to struggle

e Chuỷ ngửừ laứ nhoựm tửứ, caõu trớch, tửùa saựch

Ex: “War and peace” is a masterpiece by Toilstoi

“We shall overcome” becomes international progressive slogan

Notes : Chuỷ ngửừ laứ danh tửứ coự hỡnh thửực soỏ nhieàu nhửng thửùc teỏ chuựng laứ nhửừng danh tửứ soỏ ớt

 Moõn hoùc, : mathematics (toaựn), physics (lyự), economics (kinh teỏ), politics (chớnh trũ), linguistics

(ngoõn ngửừ ), phonetics (ngửừ aõm ), athletics (ủieàn kinh), statistics (thoỏng keõ)

 Beọnh taọt : mumps (quai bũ), measles (sụỷi), rickets (coứi xửụng)

 ẹũa danh : Wales, The United States, The United Nations, The Phillipines…

 Danh từ khỏc: news (tin tửực), innings (hieọp ủaỏu), billiards (bi da),

2 Nhửừng trửụứng hụùp ủoọng tửứ chia soỏ nhieàu:

a Chuỷ ngửừ goàm nhieàu danh tửứ chổ nhieàu ngửụứi hay nhieàu vaọt:

Ex: John and Joe are roommate in this school-year

b Chuỷ ngửừ laứ nhửừng danh tửứ coự hỡnh thửực soỏ nhieàu: glasses, jeans, pants, trousers, scissors, pyjamas, shorts…

Ex: My trousers are torn

c Chuỷ ngửừ laứ nhửừng ủaùi tửứ hoaởc cuùm tửứ: several, both, both…and, many, few, some, all, a number of.

Ex: Several of the students were absent yesterday

Both are good

d Chuỷ ngửừ laứ danh tửứ ủửục thaứnh laùp bụừi maùo tửứ THE + Adjective: the blind, the rich, the poor…

Ex: The poor living here need help

Notes: Một số danh từ có hình thức số ít nhưng động từ chia số nhiều: people, police, cattle (gia súc), public (công chúng), clergy (mục sư), gentry (tiêu đề, đề mục).

Ex: The police are coming

3 Những trường hợp động từ chia số ít hoặc số nhiều tuỳ theo trường hợp:

a Khi chủ ngữ là một cụm từ:

Ex: The first two parts of experiment take the most time

b Chủ ngữ là những danh từ được nối bởi: or, neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also: động từ hồ hợp

với chủ ngữ gần nhất

Ex: Neither my mother nor my father wants me to be a teacher

Either she or I am going to leave

c Chủ ngữ đi với : with, as well as, along with, together with , in addition to, accompanied by … động từ hoà

hợp với chủ ngữ đầu tiên.

Ex: John, as well as my other classmates, passes the exam

d Sau chủ ngữ giả: “there”, động từ tuỳ vào chủ ngữ chính hoặc chủ ngữ gần nhất :

Ex: There is a desk in the room

There are at least several players the ball

e Danh từ tổng hợp: family, group, committee (uỷ ban), team, crowd, parliament (quốc hội), public (công chúng)

Ex: The family have agreed among themselves to move to another town

The family is the basic unit of our society

f Chủ ngữ là các đại từ quan hệ “ who, which, that “ thì động từ sẽ hồ hợp với danh từ đứng trước đại từ đĩ

Ex: She is one of the girls who are very kind

You are the person who is wanted by the police

14 REPORTED SPEECH (Câu tường thuật)

Muốn đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu nĩi gián tiếp phải chú ý đến :

- Đại từ nhân xưng cần phải thay đổi cho phù hợp

a Simple present : S + V (s / es) b Present continuous: S + am / is /are + V-ing

c Past simple : S + V2 / V-ed

d Past continuous: S + was / were + V-ing

e Present perfect: S + have / has + V3/V-ed

f P Perfect continuous: S + have / has been +

V-ing

g Must / have to

h Can / May / Will / Shall

a Past simple : S + V2 / V-ed

b Past continuous: S + was/were + V-ing

c Past perfect : S + had + V3 / V-ed

d Past perfect continuous : S + had been +

V-ing

e Past perfect : S + had + V3 / V-ed

f Past perfect continuous : S + had been +

d The next day / the following day

e The day before

f The night before

g Before

h There

i That / Those

A STATEMENTS (Câu phát biểu)

Ex 1 : “ She is going to America for six months”  They say ( that) she is going to America for six months

“ I went home early”  She told me she had gone home early

Note: Nếu động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại (say) động từ trong mệnh đề tường thuật khơng cĩ sự thay đổi

về thì

Nếu động từ tường thuật ở quá khứ (said / told)  thì động từ trong mệnh đề tường thuật phải lùi một thì

B QUESTIONS (Câu hỏi )

1 YES / NO questions

Ex: She said , “ Are you thirsty , Peter ? “  She asked Peter if (whether) he was thirsty.

He asked me, “Did you go to school yesterday ?“ He asked me if (whether) I had gone to school the day before

2 WH – QUESTIONS

Ex: He asked , “ What have you got in your bag ?”  He asked (me) what I had got in my bag

He said , “ Mary , when is the next train ? “  He asked Mary when the next train was

C IMPERATIVE (Mệnh lệnh)

1 AFFIRMATIVE (khẳng định)

Ex : “ Stay in bed for a few days.” The doctor said to me  The doctor told me to stay in bed for a few days

2 NEGATIVE (Phủ định)

Ex : “ Don’t wait,” he said to me  He asked me not to wait

“ Never do that again ,” she said to her son  She told her son never to do that

15 RELATIVE CLAUSES REPLACED BY PARTICIPLES & TO-INFINITIVES

( Mệnh đề quan hệ được thay thế bởi phân từ và động từ nguyên mẫu cĩ TO )

1 Relative clauses replaced by participles (present and past participles)

a Present participles (Hiện tại phân từ): được dùng khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở dạng chủ động Ex: a The boy who is playing the piano is Ben  The boy playing the piano is Ben.

b We have a house which overlooks the park  We have a house overlooking the park

c The man who spoke to John is my brother  The man speaking to John is my brother

b Past participles (Quá khứ phân từ): được dùng khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở dạng bị động.

Ex: a They live in a house that was built in 1890  They live in a house built in 1890

b The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting The ideas presented in that book are

interesting

2 Relative clauses replaced by to-infinitive phrases

- To-infinitive được sử dụng sau: the first, the second,… the last, the only và sau hình thức so sánh nhất

Ex: a Yuri Gagarin was the first man who flew into space  Yuri Gagarin was the first man to fly into space.

b The last person who leaves the room must turn off the light. The last person to leave the room must

turn off the light

16 ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF TIME

Ex: 1 They were having dinner when we came last night

Main clause Adverbial clause of time

2 We have written to each other since we left high school

Main clause Adverbial clause of time

3 As soon as he finishes his work, he goes home

Adverbial clause of time Main clause

4 When I see him tomorrow, I’ll give him your address

Adverbial clause of time Main clause

The summary about sequence of tenses in the adverbial clauses of time:

Main clause

Adverbial clause oftime

1 Present simple/futuresimple

Past simplePast continuousPast simplePast simplePast perfect

 Note: There are no future tenses in the adverbial clauses of time.

17 PREPOSITIONS

A ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION

1 Be out = đi ra ngoài, đi vắng

2 Be absent from = vắng mặt

3 Be acceptable to= có thể chấp

nhận

4 Be accustomed to = quen

5 Be afraid of = sợ

6 Be agreeable to= phù hợp

7 Be amazed at = ngạc nhiên

8 Be amused at = vui

9 Be angry at (sth) = giận về

việc gì

10 Be angry with (sb) = giận ai

11 Be ashamed of = hổ thẹn về

12 Be available for

13 Be aware of = nhận thức được

14 Be acquainted with = quen với

15 Be bored with = buồn, chán

nản

16 Be busy with = bận roan

17 Be capable of = có thể

18 Be close to = gần

19 Be compared with = so với

20 Be convenient for = thuận tiện

cho ai

21 Be concerned with = có liên

quan

22 Be confident of = tin tưởng

23 Be contrary to = trái ngược

(với)

24 Be covered with = bị che phủ

25 Be crowded with = đông đúc

với

26 Be cruel to = độc ác với

27 Be delighted at = vui thích

28 Be different from = khác với

29 Be difficult for= khó khăn

30 Be disappointed with = thất

vọng về

31 Be excited about = hào hứng

32 Be engaged to= đính hôn với

33 Be familiar with = quen với

34 Be famous for = nổi tiếng về

35 Be far from = xa với

36 Be fed up with= chán

37 Be fond of = thích

38 Be friendly with= thân thiện

với

39 Be frightened of= Sơ

40 Be full of = no, đầy

41 Be good at = giỏi môn gì

42 Be good for = tốt cho

43 Be happy with = sung sướng

về

44 Be harmful to= có hại

45 Be helpful to = có ích lợi cho

46 Be interesting in = thích

47 Be important to- quan trọng

48 Be jealous of = ganh tị về

49 Be kind to = tốt với ai

50 Be late for = trễ

51 Be lucky to = may mắn

52 Be looking forward to = trông

chờ

53 Be made from = được sx không

thay đổi chất liệu

54 Be made in = được sx tại đâu

55 Be made of = được sx thay đổi

chất liệu

56 Be married to = kết hôn với

57 Be nice to = tốt với ai

58 Be open to = mở ra

59 Be pleased with = hài lòng với

60 Be pleasant to = cởi mở (với)

61 Be polite to = lễ phép

62 Be popular with = phổ biến

63 Be presented with = được trao

tặng với

64 Be proud of = tự hào về

65 Be rude to = thô lỗ với

66 Be rich in = giàu về

67 Be safe from

68 Be satisfied with = thoả mãn

69 Be scared of = e dè, sợ

70 Be similar to = tương tự với

71 Be successful in= Thành công

72 Be sure of = chắc chắn

73 Be surprised at = ngạc nhiên

74 Be tired of = mệt mỏi, chán

75 Be useful for =hữu dụng để

76 Be worried about = lo lắng về

77 Be wrong with = said với

B VERB + PREPOSITION

1 account for = là nguyên nhân

2 add sth to sth = thêm cái gì vào

cái gì

3 agree with = đồng ý

4 amount of = số lượng lớn

5 arrive at + nơi chốn = đến (nơi

nhỏ, không tên)

6 arrive in + địa danh = đến (nơi

lớn có tên riêng)

7 ask for = xin

8 be on = chiếu phim

9 base on = dựa vào

10.believe in = tin tưởng

11.blow away = cuốn đi

12.borrow sth from = mượn từ ai

13.break down = hỏng máy

14.break out = bùng nổ

15.bring back = mang trở lại

16.buy sth for someone:mua cái gì

cho ai

17.care about = quan tâm về

18.hange sth into sth = đổi cái gì

thành cái gì

19.check in = đăng kí

20.check up = kiểm tra, khám

21.clear up = làm sạch, dọn sạch

22.come back = trở về

23.come in = vào

24.compare with = so sánh với

25.complain about = than phiền

về

26.cook meals for s.o: nấu bữa ăn

cho ai

27.concentrate on = tập trung

28.consist of = bao gồm

29.cut down = đốn xuống

30.depend on = phụ thuộc vào

31.devide into = phân chia thành

32.devote to = cống hiến cho

33.die for = chết vì (ai)

34.die of = chết vì (bệnh)

35.end up = chấm dứt, kết thúc

36.even up = san bằng

37.fall down = rơi xuống

38.fall in love with s.o = yêu một

người nào đó

39.fill out = diễn ra

40.find sth for s.o = tìm cái gì cho

ai

41.find out = tìm ra

42.flow across = chảy ngang qua

43.fly to somewhere = bay đến

đâu

44.follow someone to somewhere

= theo sau ai đến đâu

45.get out of = thoát khỏi, đi ra

46.get over = khắc phục

47.get up = thức dậy

48.give up = từ bỏ

49.glad to+V = vui mừng làm gì

50.go for a swim = đi bơi 51.go for a walk = đi tản bộ

52.go on = xảy ra, tiếp tục

53.go on a trip = đi du lịch 54.go on a vacation = đi nghỉ

55.go out 56.go up = gia tăng, đi lên 57.grow up

58.happen to = xảy ra 59.hear about (of) = nghe về

60.help someone with sth = giúp

ai với

61.help sb out = giúp đỡ

62.hundred of = hàng trăm 63.insist on = nhấn mạnh 64.interact with = ảnh hưởng, tác

dụng

65.join in = tham gia vào

66.keep s.o awake = làm ai thức

77.live with somebody = sống với

ai

78.look after = chăm sóc 79.look at =nhìn ngắm 80.look for = tìm kiếm 81.look out = cẩn thận 82.look up = tra từ điển 83.look forward to = trông chờ ai,

cái gì

84.love for = tình yêu dành cho

85.make sth for s.o: làm, may cái

gì cho ai

86.millions of = hàng triệu 87.nice to +V = tốt, tuyệt để làm

gì

88.object to = phản đối

89.open to = mở cửa cho 90.participate in = tham gia

91.pick someone up = rước ai

92.plenty of = nhiều, phong phú 93.prepare for = chuẩn bị cho 94.pull out = lôi ra

95.put into = đặt cái gì vào trong

96.put sth on = mặc vào

97.put out = làm tắt, dập tắt

98.put sth off = hoãn lại

99.queue up = xếp hàng

100 receive sth from someone =

nhận cái gì từ ai

101 rely on = dựa vào

102 return to = trở lại đâu

103 run off = chảy

104 sell sth to s.o = bán cái gì

cho ai

105 send sth to s.o = gửi cái gì

cho ai

106 send sth from somewhere =

gửi cái gì từ đâu

107 separate sth from = tách ra

108 speak to someone = nói

chuyện với ai

109 spend + time (money) on=

dùng thời gian (tiền vào)

110 succeed in = thành công

111 suck up = nịnh hót

112 suffer from = đau đớn

113 suitable for = thích hợp cho

114 sum up = tóm lại, tóm tắt

115 take off = cất cánh

116 take sth off = cởi ra

117 take sb out = đưa ai ra

ngoài

118 take over = đảm nhận

119 take care of = chăm sóc

120 take after = Giống

121 take part in = tham gia vào

122 take s.o to somewhere = dẫn

ai đi đâu

123 talk about = nói về cái gì

124 talk to/with = nói với ai

125 talk to s.o about sth = nói

vời ai về cái gì

126 thanks for sth = cám ơn ai

về cái gì

127 thanks to sth/sb = nhụứ coự

133 turn off = taột (maựy)

134 turn on = mụỷ (maựy)

135 turn sth down

136 turn up = mụỷ to leõn

137 wait for = ủụùi cụứ

138 wake up = thửực daọy

139 walk along = ủi boọ doùc theo

140 walk into = ủi boọ vaứo

141 walk up = ủi boọ leõn

142 wash up = rửỷa cheựn, giaởt

143 wear out = tửa ra, raựch ra

144 work for s.o = laứm vieọc cho

ai

145 work with s.o = laứm vieọc

vụựi ai

146 worry about = lo laộng veà

147 write for = vieỏt cho toaứ baựo

148 write to someone = vieỏt cho

ai

149 stay away from = traựnh xa

150 stay up late = thửực khuya

151 stay with sb = ụỷ vụựi ai

C USEFUL EXPRESSIONS

1 Above all: treõn hết

2 According to: Theo

3 At first: luực ủaàu

4 At last : cuoỏi cuứng

5 At least: toỏi thieồu

6 At the moment: baõy giụứ

7 At once: ngay laọp tửực

8 Out of work: thất nghiệp

9 Out of order: mất trật tự

10 Out of date: loói thụứi

11 for example: vớ duù nhử

12 In favour of: thieõn veà

13 In love: ủang yeõu

14 In a hurry: voọi vaừ

15 In addition to: ngoaứi ra

16 In particular: ủaởc bieọt laứ

17 Instead of: thay vỡ

18 In view of: xem xeựt

19 for instance: vớ duù nhử

20 On business: ủang coõng taực

21 On duty: ủang trửùc

22 On foot: (ủi) boọ

23 On the contrary: traựi laùi

24 On the spot: ngay laọp tửực

25 On the whole: noựi chung

26 On holiday: nghổ maựt

27 On purpose: coỏ y

28 On a diet: aờn kieõng

29 On one’s own: moọt mỡnh

30 in the past: trong quaự khửự

- Hoặc trớc các danh từ viết tắt đợc đọc nh 1 nguyên âm

Ví dụ: an L- plate, an SOS, an MP

a : đợc dùng:

- trớc 1 danh từ bắt đầu bằng phụ âm (consonant)

- dùng trớc một danh từ bắt đầu bằng uni : a university, a uniform, a universal, a union

- trớc 1 danh từ số ít đếm đợc, trớc 1 danh từ không xác định cụ thể về mặt đặc điểm, tính chất, vị trí

hoặc đợc nhắc đến lần đầu trong câu

- đợc dùng trong các thành ngữ chỉ số lợng nhất định

Ví dụ : a lot of, a couple, a dozen, a great many, a great deal of

- dùng trớc những số đếm nhất định, đặc biệt là chỉ hàng trăm, hàng ngàn

Ví dụ: a hundred, a thousand

- trớc half khi nó theo sau 1 đơn vị nguyên vẹn

Ví dụ: a kilo and a half và cũng có thể đọc là one and a half kilos

Chú ý: 1/2 kg = half a kilo ( không có a trớc half).

- dùng trớc half khi nó đi với 1 danh từ khác tạo thành từ ghép

Ví dụ : a half-holiday nửa kỳ nghỉ, a half-share : nửa cổ phần

- dùng trớc các tỷ số nh 1/3, 1 /4, 1/5, = a third, a quarter, a fifth hay one third, one fourth, one fifth

- Dùng trong các thành ngữ chỉ giá cả, tốc độ, tỷ lệ

Ví dụ: five dolars a kilo; four times a day

- Dùng trong các thành ngữ trớc các danh từ số ít đếm đợc, dùng trong câu cảm thán

Ví dụ: Such a long queue! What a pretty girl!

Nhng: such long queues! What pretty girls

- a có thể đợc đặt trớc Mr/Mrs/Miss + tên họ (surname):

Ví dụ: a Mr Smith, a Mrs Smith, a Miss Smith

a Mr Smith nghĩa là ‘ ngời đàn ông đợc gọi là Smith’ và ngụ ý là ông ta là ngời lạ đối với ngời nói Còn nếu

không có a tức là ngời nói biết ông Smith

Ví dụ : the girl in blue; the man with a banner; the gulf of Mexico; the United States of America.

- The + danh từ + đại từ quan hệ + mệnh đề phụ

Ví dụ: the boy whom I met; the place where I met him

- Trớc 1 danh từ ngụ ý chỉ một vật riêng biệt

Ví dụ: She is in the garden

- The + tính từ so sánh bậc nhất hoặc số từ thứ tự hoặc only way

Ví dụ : The first week; the only way

- The + dt số ít tợng trng cho một nhóm thú vật hoặc đồ vật thì có thể bỏ the và đổi danh từ sang số nhiều

Ví dụ: The whale = Whales, the shark = sharks, the deep-freeze = deep - freezes

Nhng đối với danh từ man (chỉ loài ngời) thì không có quán từ (a, the) đứng trớc.

Ví dụ: if oil supplies run out, man may have to fall back on the horse

- The + danh từ số ít chỉ thành viên của một nhóm ngời nhất định.

Ví dụ: the small shopkeeper is finding life increasingly difficult

- The + adj đại diện cho 1 lớp ngời, nó không có hình thái số nhiều nhng đợc coi là 1 danh từ số nhiều và động từ

sau nó phải đợc chia ở ngôi thứ 3 số nhiều

Ví dụ: the old = ngời già nói chung; The disabled = những ngời tàn tật;

The unemployed = những ngời thất nghiệp.

- Dùng trớc tên các khu vực, vùng đã nổi tiếng về mặt địa lý hoặc lịch sử

Ví dụ: The Shahara The Netherlands The Atlantic

- The + East / West/ South/ North + noun.

Ví dụ: the East/ West end

The North / South Pole.

Nhng không đợc dùng the trớc các từ chỉ phơng hớng này, nếu nó đi kèm với tên của một khu vực địa lý

Ví dụ: South Africal, North Americal, West Germany

- The + tên các đồ hợp xớng, các dàn nhạc cổ điển, các ban nhạc phổ thông.

Ví dụ: the Bach choir, the Philadenphia Orchestra, the Beatles

- The + tên các tờ báo lớn/ các con tầu biển/ khinh khí cầu.

Ví dụ: The Titanic, the Time, the Great Britain

- The + tên họ ở số nhiều có nghĩa là gia đình họ nhà

Ví dụ: the Smiths = Mr and Mrs Smith (and their children) hay còn gọi là gia đình nhà Smith

- The + Tên ở số ít + cụm từ/ mệnh đề có thể đợc sử dụng để phân biệt ngời này với ngời khác cùng tên

Ví dụ: We have two Mr Smiths Which do you want? I want the Mr Smith who signed this letter

- Không dùng the trớc 1 số danh từ nh Home, church, bed, court, hospital, prison, school, college, university khi

nó

đi với động từ và giới từ chỉ chuyển động (chỉ đi tới đó làm mục đích chính)

Ví dụ: He is at home I arrived home before dark I sent him home

| to bed ( để ngủ)

to church (để cầu nguyện)

to court (để kiện tụng)

at school/ college/ university

We can be / get back (hoặc be/ get home) from school/ college/university

leave school

We can leave hospital

be released from prison

Với mục đích khác thì phải dùng the

Ví dụ: I went to the church to see the stained glass

He goes to the prison sometimes to give lectures.

Student go to the university for a class party.

Sea

Go to sea (thủy thủ đi biển)

to be at the sea (hành khách/ thuỷ thủ đi trên biển)

Go to the sea / be at the sea = to go to/ be at the seaside : đi tắm biển, nghỉ mát

We can live by / near the sea

Work and office.

Work (nơi làm việc) đợc sử dụng không có the ở trớc

Go to work.

nhng office lại phải có the

Go to the office.

Ví dụ: He is at / in the office

Nếu to be in office (không có the) nghĩa là đang giữ chức

To be out of office - thôi giữ chức

Town

The có thể bỏ đi khi nói về thị trấn của ngời nói hoặc của chủ thể.

Ví dụ: We go to town sometimes to buy clothes.

We were in town last Monday.

Go to town / to be in town - Với mục đích chính là đi mua hàng.

Bảng dùng the và không dùng the trong một số trờng hợp đặc biệt.

Trớc các đại dơng, sông ngòi, biển, vịnh và các hồ

ở số nhiều

Ví dụ:

The Red sea, the Atlantic Ocean, the Persian Gulf,

the Great Lakes.

Trớc tên các dãy núi

Ví dụ: The Rockey Moutains

Trớc tên 1 vật thể duy nhất trên thế giới hoặc vũ

trụ

Ví dụ: The earth, the moon, the Great Wall

Trớc School/college/university + of + noun

Ví dụ:

The University of Florida.

The college of Arts and Sciences.

Trớc các số thứ tự + noun

Ví dụ: The first world war

The third chapter

Trớc các cuộc chiến tranh khu vực với điều kiện

tên các khu vực đó phải đợc tính từ hoá

Ví dụ: The Korean war

Trớc tên các nớc có từ 2 từ trở lên Ngoại trừ Great

Britain.

Ví dụ:The United States, the United Kingdom,

the Central Africal Republic.

Trớc tên các nớc đợc coi là 1 quần đảo

Ví dụ: The Philipin

Trớc các tài liệu hoặc sự kiện mang tính lịch sử

Ví dụ: The constitution, the Magna Carta

Ví dụ: The applied Math

The theoretical Physics.

Trớc tên 1 hồ (hay các hồ ở số ít)

Ví dụ:

Lake Geneva, Lake Erie

Trớc tên 1 ngọn núi

Ví dụ: Mount Mckinley

Trớc tên các hành tinh hoặc các chùm sao

Ví dụ: Venus, Mars, Earth, OrionTrớc tên các trờng này khi trớc nó là 1 tên riêng

Ví dụ: New Zealand, South Africa

Trớc tên các lục địa, tiểu bang, tỉnh, thành phố, quận,huyện

Ví dụ: Europe, California

Trớc tên bất cứ môn thể thao nào

Ví dụ: Base ball, basket ball Trớc tên các danh từ mang tính trừu tợng trừ những tr-ờng hợp đặc biệt

Ví dụ: Freedom, happiness

1 so: có nghĩa là ‘vì vậy’, liên từ này đứng trớc vế thứ hai trong một câu ghép, biểu hiện vế thứ hai là kết quả tác

động của vế câu thứ nhất Công thức dùng nh sau:

Clause 1, so + clause 2

Vd: Tim was too angry, so he left without saying anything.

But: có nghĩa là’nhng’ liên từ nay đứng trớc vế thứ hai trong một câu ghép, biểu thị ý nghĩa trái ngợc với

ý nghĩa của vế câu thứ nhất Công thức dùng nh sau:

Clause 1, but + clause 2

Vd: I tried my best to pass the exam, but I still failed.

3 However: có nghĩa là’Tuy nhiên’ liên từ này đứng ở đầu một câu, biểu thị ý nghĩa trái ngợc với ý nghĩa

của trớc đó và ngăn cách với vế câu đi sau bằng dấu phẩy.Ngoài ra nó có thể là từ nối giữa hai vế câu trong mộtcâu phức Trong trờng hợp này nó sẽ đi sau dấu chấm phẩy và đứng trớc dấu phẩy Công thức dùng nh sau:

Sentence 1 However, sentence 2.

Clause 1; however, clause 2.

Vd: -Studying English is not easy However, it is benificial

- Studying English is not easy; however, it is benificial

4 Therefore: có nghĩa là’vì vậy’ liên từ này đứng ở đầu một câu, mang ý nghĩa chỉ kết quả của hành động trong

câu trớc đó và ngăn cách với vế câu đi sau bằng dấu phẩy.Ngoài ra nó có thể là từ nối giữa hai vế câu trong mộtcâu phức Trong trờng hợp này nó sẽ đi sau dấu chấm phẩy và đứng trớc dấu phẩy Công thức

dùng nh sau:

Sentence 1 Therefore, sentence 2.

Clause 1; therefore, clause 2.

Vd: -He didn’t study hard Therefore, he failed the exam

-He didn’t study hard; therefore, he failed the exam.

5 Sự khác nhau giữa bu t và however ; giữa so và therefore

*but và however chỉ sự đối lập Tuy nhiên but không thể đứng đầu câu mà chỉ có thể đứng ở đầu vế thứ hai

trong một câu phức

*so và therefore chỉ kết quả Tuy nhiên so không thể đứng đầu câu mà chỉ có thể đứng ở đầu vế thứ hai trong

20.TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS

1 Intransitive verbs: (nội động từ)

Là những động từ đứng sau chủ thể gây ra hành động và không có tân ngữ đi kèm.vd: sleep, die, swim Công

thức:

S + V

Vd: The sun rise in the east

2 Transitive verbs: (ngoại động từ)

Là những động từ đòi hỏi có tân ngữ đi kèm( có thể có một hoặc nhiều tân ngữ).Vd: get, take, see, advise Côngthức:

S + V+ O

Vd: Yesterday I wrote a letter to Mary

MẪU CÂU GIAO TIẾP

1 CÁC MẪU ĐỀ NGHỊ NGƯỜI KHÁC GIÚP MèNH:

- V0 , please

- Can you / Could you + V0

- Would you please + V0

- Will you + V0.

- I wonder if you'd/ could + V0.

- Certainly - Of course - Sure

- No problem

- What can I do for you?

- How can I help you?

I'm sorry (I'm busy )I'm afraid I can't/ couldn't

- Would / Do you mind V-ing - No I don't mind

- No, of course not - Not at all

- I'm sorry, I can't

2 ) CÁC MẪU MèNH MUỐN GIÚP NGƯỜI KHÁC:

-Shall I

- Would you like me to

-Do you want me to

- What can I do for you ?

- May I help you ?

-Yes Thank you-That's very kind of you

Yes, please

Oh, would you really?

Thanks a lot

No Thank you

No, thank you I canmanage

No, there's no need Butthanks all the same

- Do you need any help?

- Let me help you

- Can I help you ?

Well, that's very kind ofyou, but I think I canmanage, thanks

3 ) CÁC MẪU XIN PHÉP NGƯỜI KHÁC:

- May I ? - Can I ? Could I

- Please do - Please go ahead

- Yes, by all means - I'd rather you didn't

- I'd prefer You didn't-No, I'm afraid you can't-I'm sorry, but you can't

- Would you mind if I + QKĐ

- Would you mind if I smoked ?

- Do you mind if I + HTĐ

Do you mind if I smoke ?

- No, of course not

- Not at all

- Please do

- Please go ahead

4 CÁC MẪU CÂU RỦ, GỢI Ý LÀM GÌ :

Trả lời đồng ý Trả lời không đồng ý

1 Shall I / we (do)?

2 Let's (do)

3 Why don't I / we (do)?

4 How about (doing)?

5 What about (doing)?

6 I think we should (do)

7 I suggest that we (do)

8 It might be a good idea if we / you (do)

9 I think the best way of dealing with this situation would

be to (do)

10 If you ask me, I think we / you should/ could V (do)

1 Yes, I thinkthat's a good idea

No, let's not

5 CÁC MẪU CÂU CÁM ƠN:

Trả lời

- Thank you - Thank you very much.

- Thanks a lot - Thanks a lot for - You're welcome - That's all right.- Not at all - It's my pleasure

7 ) CÁC MẪU CÂU hỏi lại khi nghe không rõ:

- Pardon? ( chữ này thông dụng các em cần nhớ)

- Please say that again

- Could you repeat that?

8 ) CÁC MẪU CÂU MỜI:

a) Mời ăn uống: - Would you like + món ăn/uống

Ví dụ: Would you like a cup of tea? ( mời bạn uống trà)

Đáp lại: - Yes, please / - No, thanks

b) Mời đi đâu: - Would you like + to inf.

Ví dụ: Would you like to go to the cinema with me? ( mời bạn đi xem phim với tôi)

Would you like to go to the party? ( mời bạn đi dự tiệc)

9 ) CÁC MẪU CÂU CẢNH BÁO :

Don't move! Mind you head! Watch out! Look out! Be careful! Take care!

10) CÁC MẪU CÂU CHUNG :

Showing

interest

1 Uh-huh! 3 Right! 3 Really? 4 That's interesting!

5 And? 6 What then? 7 Oh? 8 What happened next?

1 Now, you mentioned 2 So, that's how ?

3 Yes, I was going to ask you about that 4 Could you give me / us an exampleof ?

5 Could you explain in more detail ?

1 Many thanks 2 Thanks a lot 3 Cheers!

4 That's very kind of you 5 Thank you very much 6 Not at all

7 It's a pleasure / My pleasure 8 You're welcome 9 Don't mention it

10 Any time 11 That's OK / all right

12 I'm glad to have been of some help

Apologizing

( Xin lỗi )

1 Sorry 2 I'm very/awfully/so/extremely sorry

3 Excuse me 4 Sorry, (it was) my fault

5 I do apologize 6 Please accept my apologies

Accepting an

apology

( Chấp nhận

lời xin lỗi)

1 That's all right/OK 2 Not to worry

3 That's quite/perfectly all right 4 No reason/need to apologize

5 Don't worry about it

Giving

instructions

( Đưa ra lời

hướng dẫn )

1 Make sure 2 Remember (to do)

3 Be careful (not to do) 4 Don't forget (to do)

5 Giving directions 6 Go straight on

7 Take the first/second on the left / right 8 Turn left / right

9 Go along as far as 10 Take the number 7 bus / tram

11 Get off (the bus / tram) at (place) 12 Carry on until you see

13 Look out for

1 Are you with me?

2 Did you follow that?

3 Have you got that?

4 Is everything clear so far?

5 Does that seem to make sense

ĐỀ ÔN TẬP TỐT NGHIỆP THPT 1

* Chọn từ mà phần gạch dưới có cách phát âm khác với các từ còn lại

* Chọn từ mà trọng âm chính nhấn vào âm tiết có vị trí khác với các từ còn lại

* Chọn từ / cụm từ thích hợp tương ứng với A, B, C hoặc D để hoàn thành các câu sau

9 In England, public schools are also called schools

10 Different conservation efforts have been made in order to save species

11 The conical leaf hat is one of the typical features of the Vietnamese

12 Tom usually helps his mother with

13 Books are still a cheap way to get information and

14 This woman has her whole life to helping others.

15 The Games really became a festival that impressed sports

16 A plan has been for Vietnam to hold the Asia Sports Games at some point in the future

17 my bag anywhere? I can’t see it

A Did you see B Have you seen C Do you see D Can you see

18 My sister didn’t get the job she has all the necessary qualifications

19 We went out for meal last night .restaurant we went to was excellent

20 wants to work for this company can send their application letter by post

21 Thank you for everything you’ve done You are a true friend me

22 I’ve for a job at the factory I don’t know if I'll get it

23 As the day went on, the weather got

A badly and badly B worst and worst C badder and badder D worse and worse

24 This is a valuable book You look after it carefully and you lose it

A must / mustn’t B need / needn’t C can / can’t D must / can’t

25 A: I didn’t know you could play the guitar so well, Toan Your tune was lovely!

B:

A Well, I hope so, Phil B I think not, Phil

C Thank you, Phil That’s a nice compliment D Thank you, Phil I don’t think so

26 You must not shout at the table when having dinner It is very _

27 The panda’s habitat is the bamboo forest

28 John doesn’t work _ his brother

A as hard as B as hardly as C more hardly than D hardlier than

29 Ann couldn’t come to the party, was a pity

* Chọn từ thích hợp, tương ứng với A, B, C, D để điền vào chỗ trống trong đoạn văn sau:

The American family (30) greatly in the last 30 or 40 years I think many of these changes aresimilar to those in Vietnam and in other parts of the world You know, young people are waiting longer beforegetting married and women are also waiting (31) to have children My parents have two children, like(32) families here The United States has a high divorce rate, about one in every two marriages ends indivorce One result is that many American children live in single-parent families My grandparents live on theirown They live in a different part of the country (33) they are still in contact with their children andgrandchildren

You know, our parents treat us equal than parents in the past and we have more freedom to make our owndecisions Our father is more involved with the housework because our mother is rather busy (34) herwork in the office

* Đọc kỹ đoạn văn sau va trả lời các câu hỏi ( bằng cách chọn phương án dúng, ứng với A, B, C hoặc D ) Susan was very nervous about her interview She was always worried about it She really wanted the job

but she knew that a lot of people wanted to do that, too She had been told that there were many applicants for it,

so she prepared herself When the day came, she arrived half an hour early There were six other people waiting

to be interviewed They looked more confident than her She began to feel even more nervous One by one, theothers were called Each of them came out looking satisfied Susan was the last one to be called into theinterview room She thought by then that she had no chance of getting the job, so she felt relaxed as she walkedin; she felt that she had nothing to lose The three interviewers were all very serious and they didn’t seem to be

interested in her She forgot all the answers she had prepared and said the first things that came into her head.She was sure she wouldn’t get the job, but two days later she got a letter telling her she had been chosen becauseshe had been the only one who acted naturally.

35 The word “nervous” means

A satisfied B stressful C disappointed D confident

36 There were interviewers in the interview room

37 When Susan came into the interview room, all the interviewers were

38 Which of the following is NOT correct?

A Susan prepared herself before the interview B Other applicants looked more confident thanSusan

C Susan was satisfied right after the interview D Susan came early for the interview

39 Susan was chosen for the job because

A the other applicants didn’t act so naturally as she did

B She was the last one to be interviewed C the interviewers seemed to be interested in her

D she looked more confident than the other applicants

* Chọn câu thích hợp, tương ứng với A, B, C, D có cùng nghĩa với câu đã cho

40 Peter drives more carefully than Tom.

A Tom drives less careful than Peter B Tom drives carelessly than Peter

C Peter is a more careful driver than Tom D Peter is a carefully driver than Tom

41 They will speak English at the conference.

A At the conference will be spoken English B English will be spoken at the conference

C English at the conference will be spoken D English will have been spoken at the conference

42 He can’t do the test It is too difficult.

A If the test weren’t too difficult, he could do it

B He can do the test if it isn’t too difficult C If the test were too difficult, he could do it

D He couldn’t do the test if it weren’t too difficult

* Chọn câu đúng nhất, được viết hoàn chỉnh từ gợi ý đã cho

43 He / ask / me / why / I / not visit / her

A He asked me why hadn’t I visited her B He asked me why I hadn’t visited her

C He asked me why didn’t I visit her D He asked me why I wouldn’t visit her

44 The more / cars / used / the more / environment / become / more / polluted

A The more cars are used, the more polluted the environment becomes

B The more cars are used, the environment becomes more polluted

C The more cars are used, the more environment becomes polluted

D The more cars are used, the polluted environment becomes more

45 Nha Trang / famous / beach / Vietnam / crowded / summer

A Nha Trang, where is a famous beach in Vietnam, is very crowded in summer

B Nha Trang in Vietnam, which is very crowded, has a very famous beach in summer

C Nha Trang, where has a very famous beach in Vietnam, is very crowded in summer

D Nha Trang, which is a famous beach in Vietnam, is very crowded in summer

* Xác định từ / cụm từ cần phải sửa tương ứng với A, B, C, D để các câu sau trở thành chính xác

46 The more we work together, the best we understand each other

47 When he will come to see me tomorrow, I will tell him the truth

48 We had an interesting discuss of the problem but we didn’t reach a decision

49 It rained very heavily, that prevented my going out

50 The 22nd Sea Games were successfully organize although it was the first time Vietnam hosted

ĐỀ ÔN TẬP TỐT NGHIỆP THPT 2

I/ Find the word that has its underlined part pronounced differently from the other three in each question.

II/ Find the word with the stress pattern different from that of the other three words in each question.

III/ From the four underlined words or phrases A, B, C or D identify the one that is not correct.

9) The first national park in world, Yellowstone National Park, was established in 1872.

athlete in the United States.

13) In 1931, Jane Addams was a Nobel Peace Prize recipient for she humanitarian achievements.

A B C D

IV/ Choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence.

14) If it ……… too much trouble, I’d love a cup of coffee

15) While I ……… T.V last night, a mouse ran across the floor

16) I hate ……… formal examinations I find it so difficult to organize my thoughts in a limited time

17) That Pop star, ……… name is on everyone’s lips, is organizing an international charity concert

18) Jack studies in my class He is my ………

19) My sister is very fond ……… chocolate candy

20) If he ………… the report, he might have phoned me

21) I still can’t believe it! My bicycle ……… last night

22) She was the most effective speaker and her audience seemed to ……… on her every word

23) Pauline worked in a local garage as a(n) ………

24) After the accident, the police informed the victim’s next of ………

25) She gave up nursing training when she found she had no ……… for looking after the sick

26) All of the people at the MME conference are ………

27) I didn't have an umbrella with me, so I got wet

A/ If I had had an umbrella, I wouldn't get wet

B/ If I had had an umbrella, I would get wet

C/ If I had had an umbrella, I wouldn't have got wet

D/ If I had had an umbrella, I would have got wet

28) Getting such a well-paid job is beyond my ………

29) Her pronunciation causes him a lot of ………

30) I’ve lost my umbrella I _ it on the bus

A/ can leave B/ could leave C/ should have left D/ must have left

31) The children were attracted by the show by the animals

A which performed B/ performed C/ performing D/ to perform

32) By the time he _ to the meeting, it had begun for 15 minutes

33) The flight was delayed _ the heavy frog

34) He failed the last exam, _, he has to study hard to take part in the exam again

V/ Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each space.

In 1945 leaders from 51 countries met in San Francisco, California, and organized The United Nations.World War II had just (35) ……… Millions of people had died, and there was destruction everywhere.People hoped they could build a future of world peace through this new organization

The main United Nations Organization is in New York City, but the UN has a “family” of its relatedorganizations try to provide a better life (36) ……… everyone One example is UNICEF, an organization whichprovides food, medical care and many other services to poor children life they live Another example is theWorld Health Organization, which provides medical programs all over the world

There are thousands of UN workers in developing countries They work as planners to increase output infarming and industry

They give medical services, improve educational programs, and spread scientific information They developprograms that provide jobs and better (37) ………… conditions They help countries control their populationgrowth

The United Nations Organization (38) ……… large international conferences, where people meet todiscuss important world issues One conference was about the uses and ownership of oceans (39) ………was about women There are also International Years In these special years, people work together to improvesituations and solve problems

VI/ Choose the correct sentence which has the same meaning as the above one.

40) She worked hard She wanted to become a good teacher of English.

A/ She worked so hard that she could become a good teacher of English

B/ She worked hard so that she could become a good teacher of English

C/ She worked hard so as become a good teacher of English

D/ She worked so hard as to become a good teacher of English

41) Jane doesn’t speak English as well as Betty.

A/ Betty speaks English better than Jane B/ Betty speaks English worse than Jane

C/ Betty speaks English better as Jane D/ Betty speaks English worse as Jane

42) The boy said to his friends, ”Don’t make too much noise!”

A/ The boy said to his friends don’t make so much noise

B/ The boy said to his friends not to make so much noise

C/ The boy told his friends not to make so much noise

D/ The boy told his friends don’t make so much noise

VII/ Read the passage below carefully and choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D.

Many years ago, people often said “a woman’s place is in the home ” But Americans do not feel thatway any more Today, women make up about 43 percent of the America labor force There are about 45 millionworking women in the United States, and a large number of them are married women with children In 1980, forthe first time in the nation’s history there were more working wives than household wives Looking back to

1940, we can see a picture of some very rapid change In 1940, only 15 percent of married women held jobs

Today, most young women choose to work even when they have young children Why do they work?The most important reason is that they need to earn money But another reason is that women today are better

educated and they have more opportunities to work in various professions than women had earlier

43) What does this passage mainly discuss?

A/ Women and jobs in America

C/ More women than men in the labor force

D/ The number of women who work outside the home

44) According to the passage, what is the percentage of men in the labor force?

A/ 85 percent B/ 57 percent C/ 45 percent D/ 43 percent

45) Which of the following is NOT true, according to the passage?

A/ Women work because they want to make their own living

B/ Women play an important role in the labor force now

C/ The majority of working women are single

D/ Women have better schooling nowadays

46) The word “ rapid ” in line 5 is nearest in meaning to

A/ significant B/ valid C/ quick D/ slow

47) What can be inferred from the passage?

A/ Women need money more than education

B/ Young women do not get married in order to have jobs

C/ Women can work in many different fields

D/ The best place for women is in the home

VIII Choose the correct sentence that has been completed from the given word cues by circling the corresponding letter A, B, C, or D.

48) What / you / often / do / birthday ?

A/ What do you often on your birthday?

B/ What do you often do on your birthday?

C/ What do you do often on your birthday?

D/ What do you often on birthday?

49) Opinion / violent movies / not / show / television.

A/ With my opinion, violent movies should not be shown on television

B/ For my opinion, violent movies should not be shown on television

C/ In my opinion, violent movies should not be shown on television

D/ To my opinion, violent movies should not be shown on television

50) We / go / zoo / if / be / nice / Sunday.

A/ We go to the zoo if it is nice on Sunday

B/ We will go to zoo if it is nice on Sunday

C/ We will go to the zoo if it is nice on Sunday

D/ We go to the zoo if it is nice Sunday

ĐỀ ÔN TẬP TỐT NGHIỆP THPT 3

I Phonetics

1 Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others in each group.

2 Pick out the word whose main stressed syllable is different from the rest.

II Vocabulary

Choose the best answer

9.She used to _ her living by working as a typist

10.We'll play tennis and _ we'll have lunch

11 The Blacks live in the house _ the green doors

12.Please ring to make an early _ at the dentist

13 The factory has over 1000. , most of whom are skilled workers

14 Scientific progress supplies us with

a conveniences b convenient c inconvenience d.inconveniences

III Grammar Choose the best answer

15 Please stop I can’t concentrate

16 This is such an important question that it is over

a worth being thought b worth thinking c worth be thought d worth being thinking

17 Since 1980, scientists the world over _ a lot of things to fight against AIDS

18 At present, they _ with the medicines to cure this terrible disease

19 The doctor said that his appetite _ him restore his health quickly

20 Now my sister _ a bicycle of her own

21 Last week, my professor promised that he _ today

22 My girl friend arrived after I _ for her about half an hour

a was waiting b had been waiting c have been waiting d have waited

23 I _ in Quang Ngai before I moved to Binh Thuan

a have been living b have lived c had lived d had been living

24 There are many ways _ to Rome

IV Read the text carefully and then choose the correct answers.

Galileo Galileo was born in 1564 in the city of Pisa, Italy About twenty years later he attended the University ofPisa At first he wanted to become a doctor, but while he was there he became interested in science and decided

to become a scientist In 1592, a year after his father's death, the University of Padua invited him to be aprofessor of mathematics He stayed there for 19 years, where he became interested in the stars He made aninstrument which made far-away things look larger and easier to examine This was called the telescope When

he was studying the stars, he discovered that the "stars" which moved were not really stars, but worlds like theearth He proved the Copernicus was right; the earth and the planets indeed moved around the sun

25 Galileo attended the University of Pisa in _

a.1564 b.1584 c.1592 d.1593

26 Galileo's father died _

a in 1591 b in 1592 c in 1593 d when he was studying the stars

27 He made the telescope because he wanted _

a to become a good professor of mathematics b to prove that Copernicus was right

c to discover some new planets d to study the stars

28 The telescope helped him _

a to examine far-away things easily b to look everything around him early

29 Which of the following statements is not true?

a Galileo was interested in the stars

b Galileo made an instrument to study the stars

c Galileo proved that the earth and the planets moved around the sun

d Galileo discovered that the stars which moved were not really stars

30 Red Cross gives help to victims of _ disaster, poverty and health emergencies

31 The Vietnamese Women’s Football Team defended the SEA Games title

32 What _ if you saw a pickpocket steal money from someone in the street?

33 I still can’t believed it! My bicycle _ last night

34 My brother, has just graduated _Cambridge University, is very good-hearted

V Choose the words or phrase (A,B,C, or D) that best fit the blank space in the following passage.

Do you remember I told you I was trying to get a part-time job as a waiter at a Japanese restaurant? Well,

I finally got (35) _ Of course, I haven’t been working there long (36) , I can alreadytell it’s a wonderful place (37) _ All the staff are very friendly and helpful Besides, (38) _ pay is good and they let us eat (39) _ we want after work

VI Structures

1 Choose the correct sentence which has the same meaning as the given one.

40 They cancelled all flights because of fog.

a All flights because of fog were cancelled b All flights were cancelled because of fog

c All flights were because of fog cancelled d All flights were cancelled by them because of fog

41.I am quite accustomed to writing a formal letter.

a I used to write a formal letter b I am quite familiar of writing a formal letter

c Writing a formal letter is so strange to me d I am used to writing a formal letter

42.Somebody accused me of stealing money.

a I was accused by somebody of stealing money b I was accused of stealing money

c I was accused of stealing money by somebody d I was accused stealing money

2.Using the suggested words write the meaningful sentences

43 she / said / parents / just / hire / apartment / center / Phan Thiet /

a She said her parents has just hired an apartment in the center of Phan Thiet

b She said her parents just hired an apartment in the center of Phan Thiet

c She said her parents had just hired an apartment in the center of Phan Thiet

d She said her parents just hire an apartment in the center of Phan Thiet

44.it / not / easy / for/ a / high / school / student / find / a / job / in / my / country /.

a It is not easy to find a job in my country for a high school student

b It is not easy for a high school student to find a job in my country

c It is for a high school student not easy to find a job in my country

d It is not easy in my country for a high school student to find a job.

45.I / spoken / never / to / her / although / lives / next / door/.

a I have never to her spoken although she lives next door

b I have never spoken to her although she lives next door.

c Although I have never spoken to her she lives next door

d I to her have never spoken although she lives next door

VII Use of English

Choose the underlined word or phrase in each sentence that needs correcting.

46 It is difficult to get used to sleep in a tent after having a soft, comfortable bed to lie on

GRADUATION SAMPLE TEST 4

I Pick out the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the other words

II Find the word that has different stress from the rest.

III Choose the best answer

9 A water polo match _ into quarters ranging from five to eight minutes

10 My grandmother is very _ in history

11 Vietnamese athletes performed _ and won a lot of gold medals

12 WHO’s main activities are carrying out research on medical _ and improving international healthcare

13 I was very tired I sat in an armchair and dozed off

14.The weather is horrible at the moment, isn’t it? I hope it clears up later

A becomes brighter B gets worst C gets worse D becomes darker

15.The Red List is a special book that provides names of _ animals

16.Endangered species are plant and animal species which are in _

17.Take an umbrella with you when you go out It _ later

18.There are a number of measures that should be _ to protect endangered animals

19.Different conservation efforts have been made _ save endangered species

20.I prefer scuba-diving to water polo it is adventurous

21 2.The next term _ on 16 April.

22.She is the woman sister looks after the baby for us

23 about your difficult situation, I would have help you

24.Only people came to the press conference

IV Read the passage and choose the best answer to each question below.

We are all destroying the earth The seas and the rivers are too dirty to swim in There is so much smoke

in the air that it is unhealthy to live in many of the world’s cities In one well-known city, for example, poisonousgases from cars pollute the air so much that traffic policemen have to wear oxygen masks

We have cut down so many trees that there are now vast areas of land all over the world As a result,farmers in parts of Africa cannot grow enough food to eat In certain countries in Asia there is too little rice.Moreover, we do not take enough care of the countryside Wild animals are quickly disappearing For instance,tigers are rare in India now and because we have killed too many for them to survive However, it isn’t enough

simply to talk about the problem We must act now before it is too late to do anything about it Join us now Savethe earth.

25 Why can’t we swim in the seas and the rivers?

A because they are too dirty B because they are too healthy

C because they are too harmful D because there is too much smoke

26 How is the air in many of the world’s cities?

C It is healthy to breathe it D None are correct

27 What kinds of animals are rare in India now?

28 The result of cutting down trees in Asia and Africa is

A farmers cannot grow enough to eat B there is too little rice

29 Wild animals are quickly disappearing because

A we take care of the city B we do not take care of the city

C we take care of the countryside D we do not take care of the countryside

30 A……is a person who takes people to places of interest

31 Compulsory education in Vietnam starts at the……level

32 I don’t know …… tell you that but they were wrong

33 The first electronic computer…… by the University of Pennsylvania in 1946

34 _ you study for these exams, _ you will do

C The harder / the better D The more hard / the more good

V Read the passage and choose the best option to each gap.

My home is in the air - I do an enormous amount of traveling It is a fast life and (35) of work,but I like it and that is the only way for me

Everything is tiring - music, traveling - but what can I do? I am not (36) _ to complaining It ishard to imagine now that I will ever be very long in one place My home town is on the Caspian Sea There issea, wind, sun and (37) many tourists and hotels I have my own flat with four or five rooms, but I amseldom there If I am there for a day or two I prefer to stay with my mother and grandmother They live in asmall house, (38) _ it is very comfortable and my mother cooks for me I like good, simple food

I have no wife, no brothers or sisters and my father died when I was seven He was an engineer and Idon't (39) _ him very well He liked music very much and wanted me to become a musician

VI Choose the correct sentence which has the same meaning as the given one.

40 The boy didn’t eat dinner until his mother came home.

A It was not until his mother came home that the boy eats dinner

B It was not until his mother came home that the boy ate dinner

C It was not until his mother came home the boy ate dinner

D It was not until his mother came home that the boy didn’t eat dinner

41 Emma hasn’t gone to the cinema for years.

A Emma goes to the cinema every years

B Emma hasn’t gone to the cinema yet this year, but she did last year

C Emma doesn’t go to the cinema unless she has the time

D Emma hasn’t seen a film for a long time

42 I didn’t eat anything because I wasn’t hungry.

A If I was hungry, I would eat something

B If I had been hungry, I would have eaten something

C If I hadn’t been hungry, I would have eaten something

D If I had eaten something, I would have been eaten something

43 opinion / violent film / not / show / television //

A According to my opinion, violent films should not be shown on television

B In my opinion, violent films should not be shown on television

C In my opinion, violent films cannot be shown on television

D My opinion is violent films should not be shown on television

44 no point / join / club / full / eccentrics //

A There is no point in joining that club because it seems to be full of eccentrics

B It is no point in joining that club because it seems to be full of eccentrics

C There is no point to join that club because it seems to be full of eccentrics

D It is no point to join that club because it seems to be full of eccentrics

45 She / not stand / kept / wait / such / long //

A She can't stand being kept waiting for such a long time

B She doesn't stand keeping to wait for such a long time

C She can't stand being kept to wait such a long time

D She doesn't stand being kept waiting for such long

VII Identify one word or phrase that has a mistake(1.5m)

46.The computer games have been playing by many children since they appeared

Đề ôn thi TN THPT 5

Questions 1-4 : Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the rest :

Questions 5-8 : Choose the word whose main stress is placed differently from the others by circling the corresponding letter A , B , C , or D

Questions 9-16 : Choose the best suitable word or phrase (A, B , C or D ) to complete each sentence :

9 Shaking hands is the ………way of greeting business counterparts in Europe

10 Although they played very well , they didn’t win the match because they lacked…………

11 Many nations have laws offering protection to these species, such as forbidding hunting, restricting landdevelopment or creating _

12 If your work isn’t to your………, please notify us within 60 days

13 How much do men share housework and the…………of their children ?

14 This book is not really It is a waste of money buying it

15.Sometimes it is to find suitable books for our children

16 These new economic reforms have allowed for international _ and development in the country

Questions 17-24 : Choose the best suitable word or phrase (A, B , C or D ) to complete each sentence :

17 The little girl asked what ………to her

A has happened B would have been happened C had happened D happened

18 Don’t bother Tom he……… on the phone right now

19 He asked me ……… the film called ”Star wars”

A have I seen B if I had seen C have you seen D if had I seen

20 How many players are there in _ water polo team?

21 _, he walked to the station

A Despite being tired B Although to be tired C In spite being tired D Despite tired

22 Summer is coming It gets

A hot and hot B hotter and hotter C more and more hot D the least hot

23 _ if a war happened?

A What you would do B What would you do C What will you do D What will you do

24 I would send her a fax if I _ her number

25 I don’t have my own room I have to _ the bedroom with my elder brother

26 Last week Laura said “I’ll do it tomorrow” She said she would do it _

A tomorrow B the previous day C the following day D yesterday

27 They missed the train It _ by the time they reached the station

28 Annie has three brothers, are pilots

A who they all B that all of them C all of whom D all of who

29 His motorbike _ since 2000, but it’s still powerful.

Questions 30-34 : Read the following passage carefully and then choose the option to fit each space by circling the letter A , B , C or D :

Our classes take place for three hours every morning from Monday to Friday The maximum class size is twelve(30) the average is ten We use modern methods of (31) and learning, and the schoolhas a language laboratory, a video camera and recorders You will only be successful in improving your English,however, if you work hard and (32) speaking English as much as you can You will take a short test

in English as soon as you arrive In this way, we can put you in a class at the most suitable level.There are two classes at the Elementary level; one is for complete beginners and the other is for students whoknow only a little English, in both classes you will practise simple conversations In the class at the intermediatelevel you will have a lot of practice in communication in real-life situation because we help you to use theEnglish you have previously (9) in your own country, You will also have the chance to improveyour (10) of English grammar and to build up your vocabulary

31 A doing research B educating C studying D teaching

Questions 35-39 : Read the passage below and choose the best answer (A , B , C or D) to each statement :

If you are invited to someone’s house in America for dinner , you should bring a gift , such as a bunch offlowers or a box of chocolates If you give your host a wrapped gift , he/she may open it in front of you.Opening a gift in front of the gift-giver is considered polite It shows that the host is excited about receiving thegift and wants to show his /her appreciation to you immediately Even if the host doesn’t like it , he/she will tell

“a white lie” and say how much they like the gift to prevent the guest from feeling bad

If your host asks you to arrive at the particular time , you should not arrive exactly on time or earlier thanexpected time, because this is considered to be inconvenient and therefore rude , as the host may not be ready

35 In America , if you are invited for dinner , you should bring………….as a gift

36 Opening a gift in front of the gift-giver is considered………

37 Why does the host open the gift in front of you ?

A to show his feelings of the gift B to show his gratitude to you

C to show his wish for a gift D to show his understanding

38 In America , if you don’t like the gift somebody gives you , you should tell “a white lie’ so as to………….

A make him or her uncomfortable B avoid hurting him or her

C make him or her feel bad D avoid expressing your real emotion

39 When invited for dinner , you shouldn’t arrive exactly on time because ………

A it may be inconvenient for you B it may take you a lot of time

Questions 40-42: Choose the correct sentence among A, B , C or D that has the same meaning as the given one

40 We started working here three years ago

A We worked here for three years B We have no longer worked here for three years

C We have worked here for three years D We will work here in three years

41 It rained heavily , so the football match was cancelled

A The match was cancelled because of the heavy rain

B If it didn’t rain , the match wouldn’t be cancelled

C Despite the heavy rain the match was cancelled

D If it hadn’t been for the heavy rain , the match wouldn’t be cancelled

42 Who made you work so hard yesterday ?

A Why did you work so hard yesterday ? B What made you work so hard yesterday ?

C Who forced you to work so hard yesterday ? D How could you work so hard yesterday ?

Questions 43-45 : Choose the correct sentence that has been completed from the given word cues by circling the corresponding letter A , B , C or D :

43 last/ she / admitted/ told/ him / the secret

A Last, she admitted having told him the secret B At last, she admitted having told the secret

by him

C At last, she admitted him having told the secret D At last, she admitted having told him the secret

44 what/ should/ we/ do/ help/ poor children / go on / learn?

A What should we do help the poor children to go on learning?

B What should we do to help the poor children to go on learning?

C What should we do to help the poor children going on learning?

A What should we do to help the poor children to go on learn?

45 You/ never/ will/ regret/ doing / a kind / action

A You never will regret doing a kind action B You will never regret a kind action doing

C You will never doing regret a kind action D You will never regret doing a kind action

Questions 46-50: Choose the underline part among A, B C or D that needs correcting :

46 The room is being cleaned when I arrived

ĐỀ ÔN TẬP TỐT NGHIỆP THPT 6 I/ PHONETICS:

A Pick out the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the other words.

B Pick out the word that has the stress pattern different from that of the other words.

II/ VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE

A Choose the one (A,B,C or D) that best completes each sentences.

5 She has worked as a secretary she graduated from college

6 His pronunciation causes me a lot of

A difficulties B difficult C difficulty D difficultly

7 Television very popular since the 1950s

A was B has been C had been D is

8 The children, parents work late, are taken home by bus

9 David told me my letter the day before

A arrived B arrives C had arrived D has arrived

10 She was the first in her family to enjoy the privilege of a university

11 I’m sorry , sir Your recorder isn’t ready yet It in the factory

A is being repaired B is repaired C has been repaired D hasn’t repaired

12 If I following that car too closely, I would have been able to stop in time instead of running into it

13 Buckingham Palace is a major tourist in London

14 The old man is said all his money to an old people's home when he died

A have left B to leave C to have left D to leaving

15 When I came to visit her last night, she a bath

16 all my warnings, he tried to fix the computer himself

17 Is pointing at someone rude in your country?

18 Do you think it is polite to whistle or clap hands to get a person’s in the public places ( libraries,restaurants, parks, etc.)?

19 Many Vietnamese people are fond watching football

20.Mr Brown has many patients he is always busy

A too/that B very/until C such/that D so/that

21 Some species of rare animals are in of extinction

22.When we arrived at the restaurant, the others

23 Electronic music is a kind of music in which sounds are produced

24 Your last job was a bank manager, it?

A doesn't B didn't C wasn't D isn't

25 Lomonosov was not a great scientist but also a very talented poet

A fairly B hardly C merely D scarcely

26 Her eyes were red and puffy she had been crying a lot last night

A since B because of C although D even if

27 Jack can speak two languages One is English is Vietnamese.

A Other B The other C Another D Others

28 Don't ask me anything about sports I like football tennis

A not only / but also B both / and C neither / nor D either / or

B Error recognition : Choose the underlined part ( A,B,C or D ) that is incorrect

29 They asked me what did happen last night, but I was unable to tell them

III Choose the sentence that has the same meaning as the original one among A, B, C, or D

35 “I didn't have an umbrella with me, so I got wet.”

A If I had had an umbrella, I wouldn't get wet

B If I had had an umbrella, I would get wet

C If I had had an umbrella, I wouldn't have got wet

D If I had had an umbrella, I'd have got wet

36 “Martin thinks that people who watch television are wasting their time.”

A Martin thinks watching television is a waste of people’s time

B Martin watches television , which is a waste of time I think

C Watching television saves time and Martin thinks so

D People can watch television to waste time

37 “Finding suitable accommodation might be difficult today.”

A It might be difficult to find suitable accommodation today

B Finding accommodation is difficult but today might be

C What suitable and difficult accommodation today!

D Suitable accommodation is difficult to found today

IV Choose the correct sentence built from the words given by circling the letter A, B, C, or D

38 the/ ability/ communicate/ to /in/ English/ is/ most /important/for/ you/ get/ to/good/a/job/the.

A The ability to communicate in English is the most important for you to get a good job

B The communicate ability in English is the most important for you to get to a good job

C The most important for you to get a good job is to communicate the ability in English

D The ability to communicate in English is the important most for you to get a good job

39 many/school-leavers/little/had/of/the/job/knowledge/of/their/choice.

A Many school-leavers had little of knowledge the job of their choice

B Many school-leavers had knowledge little of the job of their choice

C Many school-leavers had little knowledge of their choice of the job

D Many school-leavers had little knowledge of the job of their choice

40 the /teacher/ a/ large/ number/found/ of/ mistakes/ in/his/ students’/ writing

A The teacher found a large number of mistakes in his students' writing

B The teacher found of a large number mistakes in his students' writing

C The teacher found in his students' writing a large number of mistakes

D The teacher found his students' a large number of mistakes in writing

III / READINGS

A Circle the best options to complete the following passage.

Although most countries have official (41) to improve women’s lives, many of these organizations donot do (42) _ Women make up 50% of the (43) , but in nearly 66% of all working hours, the work isdone by women They do most of housework, for example, cooking and washing and son on Million of womenalso work outside the home Women hold almost 40% of all the world’s job However, they get only about half

as much as men and of course, they earn nothing for their domestic work