De cuong ON TN 2010.doc

Part I: THE SEQUENCE OF TENSES IN ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME ( Hòa hợp mệnh đề trạng ngử ): Sự kết hợp số mệnh đề ADV When : _ When + S + V (present simple) ,S + will Vinf Eg: I’ll ring when I get there _ When + S + V (present simple) ,S + will have V3,ed ( ….thì hồn thành xong…Adv thường kèm: just, already, for + time ) Eg: When he comes, we will have prepared the food for the party _ Vinf( Mệnh Lệnh) when S + V (present simple) Eg: Remind me when I forget _ When + S + V2/ ed (past simple), S+ V2/ ed(past simple) : hai HĐ xra liên tục Qk Eg: When I heard the noise behind me, I turned round _ When + S + V2/ ed (past simple) ,S + was / were + Ving(past continuous):1 hđ xen ngang # hđ xra When we came, they were dancing _ When + S + V2/ ed (past simple),S + had + V3,ed: Hđ xra trước( past perfect), hđ xra sau(past sim) Ex : When I got home, everybody had gone to bed 2.While : - While S + was / were + V-ing , S + was / were + V- ing: hai HĐ xra song song Qk Eg: While my mother was preparing the meal, my father was decorating the house _ While S + was / were + V-ing , S + V2 , ed : hđ xen ngang 1# hđ xra Eg; While they were dancing , we came Before = By the time + S + V2/ ed , S + had + V3 , ed = After + S + had + V3,ed , S + V2/ ed Before I got to the party, they had gone home.= After they had gone, I got to the party Since S + V2/ ed , S + have / has + V3,ed She has been taught how to dance since she was It is the first time + S+ has / have + Vpp Eg: It is the first time I’ve seen Jane look embarrassed It was the first time + S+ had + Vpp eg: It was the first time I had seen Jane look embarrassed By the next month, S+ will + have + Vpp/ will have been Vpp.: Trước thời điểm tháng sau…By the end of this week, / Before the end of … IN a few years TIME: vài năm tới…+S+ will + have Vpp/ have been Ving At this time next week +S+ will be Ving : Vào thđiểm tuần tới … 10 Before S+ V(present simple) , S+Will +Vinf Eg: As soon as I get, I’ll phone you As soon as (ngay khi) When… Note : When I’m learning English, sometimes I the accent A will be confused about B was confused about C had be confused about D am confused about Don’t go anywhere until I _ back A come B will come C have come D came Never talk to the driver while he A will be driving B will drive C drives D is driving She won’t get married until she _ 25 years old A is B will be C had been D was Lan has learnt English since she a small girl A has been B had been C was D would be Tom _ before we arrive there A has left B had left C will leave D leaves What you think the children _ when we get home? A would B C were doing D are doing While I was going to school yesterday, I him A meet B met C will meet D am meeting The train _ when we got to the station A just left B just leaves C had just left D will leave 10 Tom told me he _ call me at the airport when I A would/ arrived B will/ arrive C will have/ arriving D would be/ arriving 11 I _ the book by the time you come tonight A will be finishing B finished C have finishing D will have finished 12 (A)By the time (B)the police (C)come, the robber (D)had run away 13 (A)Don’t (B)leave the house (C)until I (D)will get back 14 Phuc never (A)go to bed (B)before he (C)has finished his (D)homework 15 I (A)was listening (B)to the radio (C)when the door bell (D)will ring Part II: Subject and Verb Agreement ( Sự hoà hợp S_V) xảy tại( préesent simple/ present perfect/ present continuos) Quy Tắc : S(số ít)+ V.ít eg: Every student has to take part in the course S(nhiều) + V(nhiều) All students have to go Lưu ý: * Trường hợp : Động từ chia số Chủ từ từ thời gian ( year / month / week / day ), tiền bạc ( dollar, pound ), khoảng cách(…metres ,mile) , trọng lượng ( ton ) Ex : Ten tons of rice was distributed to the poor Chủ từ V-ing To – Vo Ex : Swimming is good for your health Chuû từ đại từ không xác định : no -, each - , every - , …… body, …… one, ….thing Ex : No students is absent Everything comes to you Chủ từ mệnh đề Ex : That books are best friends has been proved Chủ từ từ môn học ( tận ICS physics … ), bệnh tật ( mumps , meascles, rickets ), teân rieâng ( Miss White ), danh từ không đếm ( news, goods, water, sugar …… ), danh từ số ( thường không coù s, es ) Ex : Physics is difficult to study * Trường hợp : Động từ chia số nhiều Chủ từ danh từ số nhiều ( thường tận –s, es people, children, men, women ) Ex : My jeans are torn Chuû từ The + adj ( the poor, the rich, the blind … ) Both …………… and …… ( Both Peter and Mary are at the party ) * - S1 + as well as + S2 along / together with giới từ ( in, with … ) + Động từ hòa hợp với S1 Ex : She as well as her friends has just come - One of N ( Số nhiều ) ………… + V-số …………………… Ex : One of the most important things to succeed is hard – working - A number of ……………………… + V- số nhiều The number of …………………… + V – số - S1 + 0R + S2 … Either + S1 + or + S2 ……… + V( S2 định) Neither + S1 + nor + S2 …… Not ( only ) + S1 + but ( also ) + S2 …… Ex : Either Tom or his parents are absent There be ……… Động từ be ( is, are, was, were ) hòa hợp với danh từ đứng sau Note : + A lot of = lots of = plenty of ( = much / many : nhiều ) + Dtừ đếm số nhiều / dtừ không đếm + A few ( = some : vài ) , few ( ) + Danh từ đếm số nhiều + A little ( = some : vài ), little ( ) + Danh từ không đếm Part : The comparisons of Adj / Adv Các hình thức so sánh tính từ trạng từ ) So sánh : - Khẳng định : S+ V as + adj / adv + as - Phủ định : S+V not as / so + adj / adv + as So sánh : a Tính từ ngắn : S+ V + adj + ER than b Tính từ dài : S+V more + adj + than So sánh : a Tính từ ngắn :S+ V+ the adj + EST + ( NOUN ) b Tính từ dài : S +V + the most adj + ( NOUN ) So sánh kép : - Một đối tượng: So sánh and so sánh hôn S + V + adj/adv +Er and adj/adv + Er ………………more and more adj / adv ( The city is more and more crowded,) - Hai đối tượng: the so sánh ., the so sánh ( the younger , the easier ) The adj-er S+V,The …………………………… The more Adj S+V, The ………………… @ Hình thức so sánh phổ biến : Note : * Các hình thức so sánh phổ biến : So sánh so sánh ( phủ định ) so sánh ( tính từ trái nghóa ) Ex : He drives more carefully than his brother His brother does not drive as carefully as him His brother drives more carelessly than him Chủ ngữ phủ định + so sánh hôn Ex : No students in his class is clever than Tam Tam is the cleverest in his class * Tính or trạng từ đặc biệt : good / well - better than – the best bad - worse than - the worst little –less- lest far – farther – farthest much/ many-more-most Part III : Sentence Patterns ( Maãu caâu ) S + V + so adj / adv that + S +V ( can / will Vo ) S + V + such ( a / an ) adj Noun that + S + V Ex1 : The lesson is very difficult Nobody can understand it The lesson is so ……………………………………………………… It is such ………………………………………………………………………… Ex2 : The film is so interesting that I have seen it twice, It is such ……………………………………………………………………………………………… S + V( khẳng định ) + too adj / adv ( for O ) + to - Vo ( …… nên ) S + V + adj / adv enough ( for O ) + to - Vo Ex3 : The box is so heavy that she can’t carry it The box is too …………………………………………………………… Ex4 : This shirt is too expensive for me to buy This shirt isn’t ……………………………………………………………… It + is / was + adj + ( for O ) + to -V0 …… V-ing + is / was + adj + to – Vo … Ex : It is dangerous to go alone at midnight Going S + be + of + ( adj ) + N Ex : Fresh air is of great use to our health Note : So adj / adv that ( nỗi mà ) # so that ( để / ) Too / so much + Dtừ không đếm # too / so many + Dtừ số nhiều ñeám ; The lesson was very difficult Students can’t it at all  It was such ……………………………………………………………… The book was so interesting that I read it twice It was such ……………………………………………………………………… 3.The car is so old that he cannot drive it The car is not ……………………………………………………………… 4.The car was so rusty that it couldn't be repaired The car was too……………………………………………………………… 5.The weather was so fine Consequently the children spent the whole day in the garden  It was such……………………………………………………………………………… Part IV : Conditional sentences Types S + Vo / V-s,es ( Tobe : am, is, are ) S + will / can ( not ) Vo S + / does not + Vo Hoac S + has / have V3,ed S + V2, ed ( Tobe : were ) S + did not + Vo S + had ( not ) V3, ed S + would/ could ( not ) Vo S+ V2 ( present time) S would/could have + V3 ( past time ) S + would / could/might ( not ) have V3,ed (mixed) S+ had + V3 ( past time) S + would/ could + V ( present time) EX: (mixed) : hổn hợp I didn’t have dinner last night so I am hungry now  If I had had dinner, I wouldn’t be hungry now I didn’t study hard so I can this exercise easily now -  If I had studied hard , I could this exercise easily now Notes: when we want to OMIT IF , we must use inversion - Should you meet him , please give him my book - were I rich , I would help you - were it not his help, I would die - Had I not studied hard , I would have failed the exam NOTES : Mẹo làm Bài tập trắc nghiệm : Dựa vào công thức Ex : If he ( come ), please tell me Bài tập sửa lỗi : Kiểm tra công thức 02 mệnh đề If / Unless If # Unless = If not : Unless + S + V ( khẳng định ) Ex : These plants will die unless he waters them Viết lại câu cho, sử dụng câu điều kiện : Bước : Xác định loại điều kiện ( thường ĐK 2,3 ) Tương lai ( , trạng từ : …………………………………………………… ) ĐK Hiện ( thì, trạng từ : ………………………………………………………… ) ĐK Quá khứ ( thì, trạng từ : ……………………………………………………… ) ĐK Bước : Xác định mệnh đề If ( sau because ), mệnh đề Bước : Dùng công thức để viết lại ( ngược thể với câu cho : khẳng định Phủ ñònh ) Ex : Mary didn’t come, so we cancelled the meeting …………… Part : Wishes ( Câu ao ước ) Tương lai S + could / would + Vo ) Hiện : S + were / V2, ed …… Quá khứ : S + had V3,ed Note : cách xác định giống câu ĐK Note : S + regret ( not ) V –ing thi su dung DK3 va ao uoc o qua khu Ex : She regretted not working hard ……… She wishes she had worked hard I didn’t invite her to my party > I wish She didn’t concentrate on her study much so she failed the exm  She wish Nam isn’t here with us – We wish Part V : Mệnh đề lý , tương phản, mục đích lý ( vì, vì, ) : Because + S + V # because of ( vì, bời ) + V – ing / Noun Note : Due to / owing to dùng because of Nhượng ( ) Although / even though / even if + S +V # in spite of / despite + V – ing / Noun Ex : Although he didn’t study, he succeeded ( có although but ) He didn’t study, but / yet he succeeded He didn’t study.However / nevertheless / on the other hand, he succeeded Kết ( thế, cho nên, kết ) : so, therefore, consequently, as a result Ex : He felt hungry, so / consequently he ate two cakes He felt hungry.Therefore / As a result, he ate two cakes Mục đích ( để, ): Câu cho có từ want, need, intend S + V + in order ( not ) to S + V + so that + S + can / will ( not ) Vo ( HT ) so as ( not ) to (not ) to not ) To In order (not) to So as (not)to + Vo # S + V + so that + S + could / would ( not ) Vo ( QK ) +V( bare – inf)  … so that + S+V … in order that I Combine sentences into one by using phrase or clause of purpose He studies very hard He doesn’t want to fail the final examination She practices English everyday she wanted to speak to foreigners She bought a new car She wanted to make a trip to Canada I got up early I didn’t want to be late for school We lower the volume of the radio We don’t want to bother our neighbors We wore warm clothes so that we wouldn’t get cold I gave them my address so that they could contact me We are having a party so that we can celebrate Ann’s birthday I try to be on time so that the teacher wouldn’t punish me The man spoke loudly he wanted that everyone could hear him clearly Part VI : Relative pronouns ( ĐAỊ TỪ QH) Who : N ( người ) + who + V Whom : N ( người ) + whom + S + V Which : N ( vaät ) + which Where = in which : N ( nơi chốn ) + where + S + V Whose : N whose + N ( N2 cuûa N1 , whose thay tính từ sở hữu : his,her, my, your ) When : N ( thời gian ) + when …… Why = for which : đứng sau the reason That : + That thay theá cho who, whom, which mđề dấu phẩy + Không dùng that sau dấu phẩy sau giới từ ( sau giới từ dùng whom which ) + Bắt buộc dùng that : Sau so sánh Sau đại từ không xác định : no - , some - , every - , any - + one / thing / body Sau chủ ngữ hổn hợp ( người vaät ) Ex : The man and his dog that …… Trong cấu trúc : It is / was noun / pronoun who / that ( It is Mary that I admire ) Sau only / the first / the last + N Ex : The first thing that I is … Part 11 : Reduced forms ( Hình thức rút gọn ) Câu có đại từ quan hệ : - Câu chủ động : Bỏ đại từ quan hệ, động từ câu đưa nguyên mẫu (to-V) thêm V– Ing Ex : The man who is standing overthere is my father The man standing overthere is my father Câu bị động : Bỏ đại từ quan hệ, động từ câu đưa V3,ed Ex : The chair which is made in Japan is expensive The chair made in Japan is expensive Như câu có 01 động từ chia, dộng từ lại dạng V – ing ( chủ động V3,ed ( Bị động ) 2.Hai câu có chủ từ : Tương tự Ex : He met his old friends He felt very happy Meeting his old friends, he felt very happy Từ thời gian : While / when / after / before … Ex : When I met him, I told him that story ……… Meeting him, I told him that story Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d that best completes the sentence Nellie Ross of Wyoming was the first woman…….governor in the United States a who elected b to be elected c was elected d her election as 2.Pioneers, in isolated areas of the United States, were almost totally self-sufficient a who living b living c lived d that lived 3.Completed in 1756, Nassau Hall is the oldest building now……… on the campus of Princeton University a standing b it stands c has stood d stood 4.Jerome Kern's most famous work is Showboat,………… , most enduring musical comedies a it is one of the finest b of the finest one c the finest one d one of the finest 5.……………… in large quantities in the Middle East, oil became known as black gold because of the large profit it brought a Discovering b which was discovered c Discovered d That when discovered 6.Neil Armstrong,……person to set foot on the moon, reported that the surface was fine and powdery a the first b to be the first c was the first d as the first 7.The Massachusetts State House, …… in 1798, was the most distinguished building in the United States at that time a completing b which was completed c was completed d to be completed 8.Lady Astor was the first woman her seat in Parliament a take b to take c taking d who takes 9.Norman Weiner, mathematician and logician, had an important role in the development of the completer a who as a b was a c whom a d a 10.War and Peace, ………… , was published in 1869 a Leo Tolstoy's most celebrated novel c.which most celebrated novel of Leo Tolstoy b is a Leo Tolstoy's most celebrated novel d.that is Leo Tolstoy's most celebrated novel Part 12 : Reported Speech / Indirect Speech ( Lời nói tường thuật / gián tiếp ) Statement : ( Câu nói bình thường ) S + said to + O / told + O ( that ) + S would / could … + V0 ( Tương lai ) S V2,ed ( Hiện ) S had V3,ed ( Quá khứ ) • Tương lai : after, next, following • Hiện : then, that day, this ( week, year … ) • Quá khứ : before, previous Command : ( Mệnh lệnh ) a Khẳng định : S + asked / told / ordered / … + O + To – Vo … b Phủ định : S + asked / told / ordered / … + O + Not To – Vo … Câu hỏi : a Yes / No : S + asked O + if / whether + S + V ( lùi so với câu cho ) wondered b Wh – questions : S + asked O + what / where / why … + S + V ( lùi so với câu cho ) wondered Lưu ý : - said to + O # told O # talked about - whether …… or not - what / where / why … + To – Vo … MỘT SỐ CÁCH BIẾN ĐỔI TƯƠNG ĐƯƠNG : Would you like ……………… sử dụng S invite O + to - Vo Ex : Mary said to Peter : “ Would you like to go for walk ? “ Mary invited Peter to go for walk If I were you … hoaëc had better / should / ought to + Vo sử dụng S + advise + O + not to – Vo Ex : I said “ You should not smoke, Tam “ I advised Tam not to smoke Shall we … ? / why don’t you … ? / Let’s … / How about / what about … ? sử dụng S + suggest ( that ) S + should ( not ) Vo Ex : Miss White said to her husband : “ Why don’t you give up drinking alcohol ? “ Miss White suggested that her husband should give up drinking alcohol 4.Will ( not ) Vo biến thaønh promise / offer ( not ) to – Vo Ex : She said, “ I will take you to town “ She offered to take me to town 5.Remember / don’t forget + V –ing or to Vo Vo biến thành remind + O + to Vo Ex : He said to me : “ Don’t forget to learn your lessons “ He reminded me to learn my lessons Sorry for ………………… S + apologize ( to somebody ) for V – ing Ex : “ Sorry for keeping you waiting “ He apologized ( to me ) for keeping me waiting S + insist …… S + insist on + Ving 11 S + want / hope + to – Vo …… …… S + have a dream of + V – ing … PHRASES/ EXPRESSIONS TO REMEMBER : CỤM TỪ CẦN NHỚ Advise someone to something Mark said to us, “You really ought to get some help.” Mark advised us to get some help Wish to something “I hope that I can leave this house to my children,” the old man said The old man wished to leave the house to his children Threaten to something “If you that again, I’ll leave,” the worker said angrily The worker threatened to leave if I did it again Tell somebody to something “Carry this bag into the kitchen,” my mother said My mother told me to carry the bag into the kitchen Refuse to something She said, “I can’t go to the cinema with you tonight.” She refused to go to the cinema with me that night Promise to something He said, “I will come on time.” He promised to come on time Offer to something “Let me drive you to the airport,” Alice said Alice offered to drive me to the airport Invite someone to something / for something “Would you like to stay at our house?” said your friends Your friends invited me to stay at their house “Would you like to have dinner with us?” Her cousin invited her to have / for dinner Beg someone to something “Please not tell my parents about this,” she said to me She begged me not to tell her parents about it Ask someone to something • Warn somebody about / of something He said, “Be careful The path is slippery.” He warned us about the slippery path “Driving on this wet street is dangerous,” she said She warned us of the danger of driving on the wet street • Think of doing something John said, “The house is very nice! I’ll certainly buy it!” John thought of buying the house • Dream of doing something “I have always wanted to be a pilot,” Paul said to you Paul has always dreamed of being a pilot • Look forward to doing something Mr Smith said: “I feel like meeting my children soon.” Mr Smith looked forward to meeting his children soon • Prevent / Stop someone from doing something The policeman said to the customer: “Stay here! You mustn’t leave the shop!” The policeman stopped the customer (from) leaving the shop • Accuse someone of doing something “You didn’t what I said,” the mother said to her son The mother accused her son of not doing what she said Bài tập áp dụng “I don’t want to be criticized by non-professionals”, said the film star → The film star objected …….…….……………………………….…….…………… 18 “It’s true that I broke your old vase”, she said in tears → She admitted …….…….…………………………………… …………………… 19 “It’s you that have parted my family”, she said angrily to him → She …….…….…………………………………………… … … …………… 20 “Shall we walk round for a change this evening?”, she said → She suggested …….…….…………………………………………… …………… 251 “I don’t think John will come”, said Bill → Bill doubted …….…….………………………………… ……………………… 22 “Why don’t you put a better lock on the door, Barry?”, said George → George suggested …….…….……………………………….…….……………… 23 “Jack, why don’t we help Old Tom?”, said Jackie → Jackie suggested …….…….………………………………… …………………… 24 She asked me what I had been doing at three the previous afternoon → “What …… …………….…….……………………………….…….…………… 25 “I wasn’t there at that time”, he said → He denied … ……………….…….…….……………………………….…….…… 26 The policeman charged him with stealing that bicycle → “You ……… ………………………….…….……………………………….…… 27 He said, “I wish I knew the answer” → He said that …………………….…….……………………………….…….…… 28 “I don’t think John will come”, said Bill → Bill doubted …………………….…….…….…………………………………… 29 His English is not good, and he got a bad mark in his test last week → If…… … …………….…….……………………………….…….…………… 30 “I don’t love you any more”, said Eric to his girlfriend → Eric told… ………………….…….……………………………….…….……… 31 “I must see the manager”, she cried → She insisted ………………………………………….…….……………………… 32 “You stole my best cassette, Amanda”, said William → William….… ……….………………….…….………………………… 33 “You are cheating me”, said Carol to June → Carol…… ……………………….…….………………………………………… 34 “It wasn’t me who took your car”, said Bob → Bob.……… …………….…….……………………………….…….…………… 35 “If you don’t take it easy, you’ll have another heart attack”, he said → He advised …….…….……………………………….…….……………………… 36 “When it stops snowing, we must start digging ourselves out”, he said → He said…… ……….…….……………………………….…….………………… 37 “You’d better not go out with Peter any more, Elizabeth”, said John → John……… …………….…….……………………………….…….…………… 38 “Less noise”, the teacher told the boys → The teacher …………………….…….……………………………….…….…… 39 “You caused the accident”, said the other driver → The other driver….…………………….…….……………………………………… 40 Helen wanted to know the name of Shirley’s hairdresser’s → Helen said, “Shirley, where do………….…….…………………………………… 41 Paul said he was going to China the following year → “I………… …………………………….…….………………………………… 42 The porter told us that the train had left five minutes before → “I’m sorry but ………………….…….…………………………………………… 43 “I never used bad language”, she said → She denied… …….…….……………………………….…….………………… 44 She asked John to repeat what he had said → “Please… ………………………………….…….………………………… 45 “Must you go so soon?”, I said → I …….…….……………………………….…….…………………………… Part VII : MODAL VERBS ( Động từ khiếm khuyết ) A Form : Modal Verbs ( can /could / may / might will / would ) + Vo B Use : a Can ( khứ could ) : khả hội làm đó, nghóa “ “ Ex : Tom can play three musical intruments In the past, people could hardly travel easily b may / might : diễn đạt điều thật điều có lẽ xảy (less than 50 % of certainty) Ex : It may / might be a bomb She may / might be at home today c should ( not ) : lời khuyên ( nên hay không nên ) Ex : You should not smoke so much It is not good for you d Must: bắt buộc ( phải ), must not chó cấm đoán không phép ( 95% of certainty ) Ex : You haven’t got much time You must hurry You can tell Tom what I said but he mustn’t tell anybody else e Need ( caàn ) # needn’t = don’t need ( không cần ) Ex : You have got plenty of time You don’t need to hurry ( You needn’t hurry ) Notes : Câu đề nghị : Can you … ? Could you … ? hoac May I … ? Ex : Could you please open the window ? May I read your newspaper ? Moät số cách biến đổi tương đương : - be necessary ( for O ) + to – Vo = need ( not ) Ex : It is unnecessary for him to study many subjects He needn’t study many subjects / He does not need to study many subjects - be possible / probable + to – Vo hoac maybe + perhaps = can / may + V o Ex : Maybe your answer is right = Your anwer may be right Modals + have + V3,ed : - Could have + P.P: (diễn tả khả có khứ, chưa sử dụng tới) - Should ( not ) have + V3,ed : nên ( không nên ) làm việc khứ - Must( not ) + have + V3,ed : Ắt hẳn xảy ( không xảy ) khứ - May / might / can / could ( not ) + have + V3,ed : Có thể, có lẽ xảy khứ - Need (Needn’t ) + have + V3,ed : Cần ( không cần ) làm việc khứ Degree of certainty (mức đdộ chắn) Why wasn’t Mary in class? (a) 100% she was sick ( sure) (b) 95% she must have been sick ( make a logical inference ) (c) Less than 50% she may have been sick ( Mention one possibility ) She might have been sick She could have been sick Why didn’t Sam eat? (a ) 100% Sam wasn’t hungry (b) 99% Sam couldn’t have been hungry Sam can’t have been hungry (d) 95% Sam must not have been hungry (e) Less than 50% Sam may not have been hungry Sam might not have been hungry Part IX: Word Form Noun ( Danh từ ) : tận : -ion, -ment, -ity, -er / -or / -ist ( người ), -ance / ence, -ness - Sau tính từ Ex : effective treatment, - Sau a,an,the + từ số lượng many, much, a lot of,2,3 + no, every, this, that, these, those Ex : the production, many activities - Sau tính từ sỡ hữu : my, our, your, his, her, their Ex : her success - Làm chủ ngữ / tân ngữ Ex : Good health brings happiness for Note : Giới từ ( in, with … ) + Ving + O # Giới từ ( in, with … ) + N Ex : Thank for your inviting me # thank for your invitation Adjective ( Tính từ ) : tận : -ive, ful, - al, -y, -ing, - less ( not ), able - Trước danh từ Ex : healthy food - Sau be ( am,is,are,was,were ), look(ed), seem(ed), feel(felt) Ex : is industrial, natural resource Adverb ( Trạng từ ) : tận -ly ( ngoại trừ : yearly, monthly, weekly, daily tính từ ) - Trước tính từ Ex : extremely cold - Bổ nghóa cho động từ thường : V-thường +( O ) + adv Ex : treat women equally - Đứng đầu câu Ex : Surprisingly, he cries Notes :* a / an / the + ( adv ) + ( adj ) + N * Adj adv cấu trúc too, enough,so that, so sánh * Trạng từ nơi chốn đứng trước thời gian ( in London in 1780 ) Hard ( ……………….……… ) # hardly ( ………………… ) good ( ……………… ) # well ( ………………………… ) Part 17 : PHRASAL VERBS - apply to sb for sth: nộp đñơn đñến xin - ask sb for sth: hỏi xin ai/ yêu cầu - call back: gọi laïi - call up : goi dien - catch up ( with) :đñuổi kịp, bắt kịp - come up : xay ra, phat sinh - cool off: nguội lạnh đñi, giảm đđi ( nhiệt tình) - discuss sth with sb = have a discussion about sth: thảo luận - drop in: ghe tham - explain sth to sb: giải thích - fall behind: bị tụt đđằng sau - fill in : đđiền vào ( mẫu đđơn) - fill up: day - find out: discover information - get along (with): have a good relation ship - leave out : omit - lie down: nằm xuống( đñể nghỉ ngơi) - listen to sb/ sth: lắng nghe - look after = take care of = to care for : chăm soùc, troâng nom - look out (for): be careful - look sth up: tra cứu - make up : invent a story:bịa - make up of : chiem, tao - make use of : su dung - pay back: tra lai - pick up : nhat, don - point at/ to sb/ sth: - put away: dat cho khac - put back: dat tro lai - put off = call of : postpone - put on: dress yourself in sth: mặc vaøo - run into = come across : tinh co gap with - get in / on : enter a car/ taxi .buoc len - get off: leave a bus/ train buoc xuong - get over : recover : bình phục - get through (with): ket thuc - get up: thức dậy - give back: tra lai - give in: nhượng bộ, chịu thua - give up: stop doing / having sth: ngưng, từ bỏ - glance at sb/ sth: take a quick look at: liếc nhìn - go away: đđi khỏi - go by : troâi qua ( time )- go off: nổ ( bomb ), bắn ( gun), goõ ( clock ) - go on: continue : tiếp tục - go out: stop burning/ shining: tắt - grown up: become an adult - hold up : laøm trở ngại - hurry up: laøm nhanh - invite sb to/ for sth: mời - jot down = note down : ghi tom tat - keep on = continue : tiep tuc - keep up : giữ vững trì, tiếp tục - laugh at sb/ sth: cười, treâu chọc, chế nhạo - leave somewhere for .: rời - search sb/ sth for sb/ sth: khám, xét, tìm - speak to/ with sb about/ of sb/ sth: nói với -speak up : nói to lên - sit down: ngồi xuống - take after: resemble: troâng giống - take off : cất caùnh, cởi - talk to / with sb about/ of sb/ sth: nói, bàn, thảo luận - throw sth at sb/ sth: ném, chọi vào - throw away: discard vứt, ném, liệng - throw sth to sb: chuyền - try out : test : thử nghiệm - turn down: giam, khong chap nhan - turn off: switch off : tắt (đèn, quạt ), shut off - turn on: switch on: mở (đèn, quạt ) - turn round: quay lại - turn up : mo lon, đñến - wash up: wash the dishes: rửa cheùn - watch out (for): be careful - write to sb: viết thư gởi Complete the sentences below, using the phrasal verbs from the box Make any other necessary changes turn up turn off wash up try out go off put on hold up take after get up look up Mary decided her red dress for the party I haven’t seen her for so long but I can recognize her because she certainly her beautiful mother Hard-working students really enjoy the new words in the dictionary Who often after meals in your family? When I woke up, all the lights So I could see nothing in the darkness 6 The alarm clock didn’t and Peter was late for the flight I think I need the computer before taking it home When he , he will hear about this from me We are sorry to announce that all the trains until tomorrow due to bad weather 10 My grandma is used to early in the morning Complete the sentences below, using the phrasal verbs from the box Make any other necessary changes go off get over give up turn up turn on fill in take off wash up look after go on your shoes and come in They are waiting for you If you feel hot, I the fan He smoking two months ago this form is the first thing you have to now The students had a ten-minute break, then discussing the questions The little child by the nurses in the hospital at the moment I can’t a terrible thing like that happening to my wife Mai, don’t forget and clean the floor after lunch We woke up the next morning before the alarm 10 Peter hasn’t yet There must be something wrong with him Part 18 : PREPOSITIONS ( Giới từ ) Prepositions For time ( Thời gian ) At At o’clock , at p.m , at night , at Christmas , at once ,at last , at the moment = at present , at weekends In In + năm / tháng / mùa / buổi In 1980 , in June , in Spring/ summer / autunm / winter ,in the For place ( Nơi chốn ) At the end of , ( arrive ) at the airport, at home , at the theatre , at school , at the top / bottom , at the beginning , at the shop , , station … In (ở ) : in the dinning room , in the desk , in the box In + thành phố , đất nước , miền in London , in Vietnam, On morning / afternoon / evening Note : at night On + ngày tuần ( on Monday , …On Sunday ) On + ngày tháng (on June 10th) in the South, , in the east , in the north … On : ( on the table , on the floor , on TV/ radio , on the beach , on foot (đi ) A Prepositions + Noun 1.in time ( for sth / to sth ) = early enough for sth / to sth : đủ thời gian on time = punctual , not late : giờ, không trễ by the time : trước 2.on business = go on business : ñang kinh doanh In business = be a businessman : doanh nhân 3.at the end of sth = at the last point of sth ( phần cuối ) In the end = at last , finally ( cuối ) 4.between : ( A and B ) # among = nhiều across the bridge / the street /… : ngang qua # opposite : đối diện B Be + Adj + Pre be involved in : lieân quan ( be ) keen on : hăng hái be helpful / useful / harmful to be occupied … with : b roän = be busy be disappointed with : thất vọng 6.be interested in 7.be bored with = fed up with = be tired of : chaùn # be tired from : mệt ) be absorbed in: say meâ 9.be fond of 11.be crowded with 12.be afraid of 13.S-người + be good at # S-vật + be good for 14.be different from 15.be successful in 16.at the age of 17.be famous for : tiếng 18.be nice / polite / rude / … to 19 be obliged to-Vo : buoc phai lam 20 be concerned with : quan tam 21 be supposed to – Vo : gia su 22 be available for : san cho C Verb + Pre is spoken / used / known as to regard … as : coi nhö belong to = have ( whose ) provide … with : cung caáp to appy …… for : xin viec to protect / prevent … from : bảo vệ to account for : chịu trách nhieäm depend on = be up to : leä thuộc 9.die of : chết (an illness / hunger 10.die for : cheát cho ( one’s country ) 11.believe in sb = trust sb : tin tuong 12.get married to sb 13.warn sb about / against sth : canh cao 14.apologize ( to sb ) for V-ing 15.accuse sb of sth ; buoc toi 16.blame sb for : phien trach 17.congratulate sb on sth : chuc mung 18.introduce / explain to sb 19.object to : chong lai 20 participate in = take part in 22 response to : phan ung 23 confide in : tam su24 confide in : tam su 25 share with : chia se 26 complment on : khen ngoi 27 consist of : bao gom, gom co 28 be divided into : duoc chia 30 be based on : dua tren D Verb + Noun + prepositions : catch sight of : thaáy, gặp keep pace with : theo kịp in danger of 31 concentrate on : tap trung lose touch with : liên lạc take notice of : lưu ý on behalf of : nhan danh, dai dien Preposition I shall meet you _the corner _the street I always come _school _foot It never snows there _Christmas The country looks beautiful spring I can see you Monday I live the country, but she lives _the seaside Have you got any money you? He always comes _bus I don’t like getting up the morning 10.He has learned the whole poem _heart 11.This book is written _Dickens 12.Is Miss Smith _home? 13.I have breakfast 7:30 every morning 14.Can you translate that _German? 15.My birthday is May 5th 16.My birthday is the 5th 17.They come _the room 18.I like swimming _summer 19.We get a lot of rain November 20.He never comes time for the class 21.I’m very busy _present 22.I have no time _the moment 23.He was standing the middle of the room 24.Please write your name the top of the page 25.There is vocabulary the end of the book 26.I shall see her the beginning of the week 27.What would that be German? 28. _my opinion, it is a very good book 29.She is the garden 30.We are going the theatre this evening 31.The train arrives _Victoria station 4:30 32.Please tell me _once 33.I waited for half an hour, and _last she came 34.The book is the table 35.He is sitting an armchair 36.The picture is the wall 37.I put my hands my pockets 38.She is drinking a cup 39.She took ten shillings _her bag 40.For the last few days I haven’t been able to sleep night 41.She always agrees everything he says 42.Are you acquainted the lady? 43.You will soon get accustomed English cooking 44.She is very angry me 45.I apologize keeping you waiting 46.The dog begged _a piece of cake 47.Does it belong you? 48.She is always borrow money me 49.My cat is very fond fish 50.I’m very grateful _her _ her help 51.The room was full people 52.I’m quite diffent _her 53.She insists _coming 54.He is quite incapable _such a thing 55.I should like to be independent everyone 56.May I introduce you _Miss Brown 57.I’m afraid _this dog 58.Are you interested _literature? 59.She is very jealous _her sister 60.Won’t you join the game? 61.Clean air provides us _a healthy supply of oxygen 62.I’m very sorry what I have done 63.His son succeeded _the throne 64.My hat is quite similar yours 65.I’m tired _waiting for her 66.I’m so worried _my sister who is ill 67.It is very bad you to eat so quickly 68.I’m not good tennis 69.My birthday is the first _the month 70.This will come in very useful her 71.Out sight, out mind 72.The sun rises the east, and sets _the west 73.Were your friends successful _getting a loan from the bank 74.I’m sure the explanation in the book will be quite clear _you 75.Miss White was very upset _the news of her father’s death 76.I’m not familiar _his name 77.We were very grateful _our friends _all of their assistance 78.Don’t you think you should try to be friendly _your classmate? 79.Mr.Green is responsible hiring employees 80.That type of music is quite popular _teenage boys and girls 81.My daily expenses are just about equal _my income 82.Fred is capable _doing better work than he os doing at present 83.We were very doubtful his ability 84.Ken was proud _his good marks on English 85.My plan is similar yours, but it is different Ken’s 86.Piere said he had become quite fond American hamburgers 87.We are still hopeful hearing from our friends before Sarturday 88.That fashion magazine is full advertising for women’s clothes 89.This gloves aren’t very suitable that kind of work 90.They were happy _the results of the election 91.It was certainly kind you to help me 92.Mes Brown is often worried _money 93.Her parents are very pleased her French 94.I’m not intereted politics 95.She was sad because he was rude her 96.She was angry Tom 97.Travelling by aur is preferable travelling by train 98.Thank you You are kind me 99.Everybody was surprised the news Part 19 : ARTICLES ( Mạo từ ) Mạo từ không xác định “a / an “: dùng trước danh từ đếm số để diễn tả điều chưa rõ, chưa cụ thể, chung chung, đề cập lần đầu - An + danh từ bắt đầu 1nguyên âm ( a, o, e, u,i ) h caâm ( an hour, an honest man ) - A + danh từ bắt đầu phụ aâm (hoac a unit , a university , a uniform… ) - A / an dùng trước danh từ nghề nghiệp ( a doctor, an engineer ) - A/ an dùng trước từ số lượng a couple, a great deal of = a lot of, a few, a little, a half … Khơng dùng a / an “: - Danh từ số nhiều apples, dishes, women, children … - Danh từ không đếm gold, sugar, water, milk, time, money, information, news, lunch, breakfast, weather 2.MT Xđịnh “ the “: sử dụng : - Danh từ đề cập cụ thể trước đó, người nói người nghe biết rõ Ex : Whose is the car outside ? - Danh từ lặp lại Ex : She works for a computer company The company has sent her to work in different parts of the country - Danh từ theo sau cụm từ mệnh đề Ex : The students who have just passed the tests can sit for the entrance exam - Trước so sánh ( the most + Adj hoaëc the Adj – est ) sau số thứ tự the first, the second, the last Ex : He is the fastest runner in the race - Trước danh từ nhö the earth, the moon, the world, the sun, the universe, the president - Trong cấu trúc : the N of ( the) N nhö the major of London - Trước từ : The United Kingdom, The United States, the Atlantic / Pacific, , the guitar, the violin, the past, the future, the ground, the same, the next, the only, the previous, the following, the cinema, the radio - The + Adj : the poor, the rich, the blind, the deaf, the Vietnamese, the Chinese be absent from …:vắng mặt be done with …đdược làm Be accused of bị buộc tội Dream of / about …mơ Be accustomed to … quen với be dressed in đdược diện trang phục Be acquainted with… Làm quen với Be engaged in …đam mê vào Be addicted to …nghiện be engaged to….đính với Be afraid of … lo sợ be envious of … ghen tỵ Agree with… đồng ý be equipped with …dc trang bị Be angry with giận Escape from thoát khỏi Be angry at ….giận Be annoyed with …bực tức be excited about hào hứng với Be annoyed by… bực tức be exhausted from ….kiệt sức Apologize (to SO) for … xin lổi Excuse for …xin lổi Apply to … xin vào học be exposed to Apply for … xin việc be faithful to …chân tình với (dis)appove of đồng tình với be familiar with ….quen với Argue with … Tranh cải với Feel like…cảm thấy thích Argue about … tranh luận vđ fight for ….đấu tranh cho Arive in / at … đến be filled with dc đổ đầy với ST Be associated with …liên quan/ lêin kết Be aware of … nhận thức be fond of… thích Believe in tin vào forgive for …tha thứ cho Blame for … đổ lổi Be friendly to …thân thiện với Be blessed with… cầu nguyện Be bored with …chán be firghtened of …sợ ST be frightened by … sợ Be capable of …có khả với Care for … quan tâm Care about … Quan tâm Be Gone from Be cluttered with be grateful to biét ơn với Be committed to … be grateful for Compare with …so sánh với be guitly of có lổi Comapre to … so sánh với hide from Complain about …than phiền hope for Complain to … than phiền với be innocent of Be composed of bao gồm insist on : khăng khăng Be concerned about … quan tâm be interested in Be connected to ….lien kết In troduce to giới thiệu với Consist of … Bao gồm Be involved in …liên quan … Be content with hài lòng be jealous of …đố kỵ Contribute to đống góp cho keep from Be convinced of bị thuyết phục be known for : tiếng be located in : toạ lạc look forward to : mong chờ Be covered with : bao phủ be made of (nguyên liêu nguyên/ from( biến đổi) … Be crowed with đơng be married to… Decide up on đến định object to : phản đối Be dedicated to cống hiến be opposed to : phản đối Depend on dựa vào participate in tham gia Be devoted to cống hiến be patient with kiên nhẫn Be disappointed with thất vộng be pleased with hài lịng Be disappointed in … Be polite to lịc Be discriminated against …bị phân biệt với pray for cầu nguyện cho Distinguish from phân biệt với be prepared for …chuẩn bị cho Be disvorced from ly prevent from : ngăn cản … Prohibit from cấm làm be satisfied with hài lòng Be protected from đc bảo vệ khỏi be scared of sợ Be pround of tự hào stare atnhìn chằm chằm Provide with cung cấp st stop from : cản khơng làm Be qualified for có lực Revover from phục hồi từ succeed in / at thành cơng Be relevant to take advantage of có lợi ích Rely on /up dựa vào take care of quan tâm Be remembered for talk about nói Rescuse from khỏi talk to nói với Respond to …đáp lại be terrified of sợ st Be responsible for có trách nhiệm thank for Think about /of Be retired of / with Be used to quen Vote for bầu cho Be worried about lo ... station … In (ở ) : in the dinning room , in the desk , in the box In + thành phố , đất nước , miền in London , in Vietnam, On morning / afternoon / evening Note : at night On + ngày tuần ( on Monday... , ? ?On Sunday ) On + ngaøy thaùng (on June 10th) in the South, , in the east , in the north … On : ( on the table , on the floor , on TV/ radio , on the beach , on foot (ñi boä ) A Prepositions... trach 17.congratulate sb on sth : chuc mung 18.introduce / explain to sb 19.object to : chong lai 20 participate in = take part in 22 response to : phan ung 23 confide in : tam su24 confide in :