Danh động từ và hiện tại phõn từ ; danh động từ hoàn thành và phõn từ hoàn thành * Gerund: Là hình thức động từ tận cùng bằng - ing và có tính chất của danh từ.“- ing” và có tính chất c
Trang 1WEEK 4
GERUND AND PRESENT PARTICIPLE PERFECT GERUND AND PERFECT PARTICIPLE (Danh động từ và hiện tại phõn từ ; danh động từ hoàn thành và phõn từ hoàn thành)
* Gerund: Là hình thức động từ tận cùng bằng - ing và có tính chất của danh từ.“- ing” và có tính chất của danh từ ” và có tính chất của danh từ
* Cách dùng của Gerund:
- Là chủ ngữ:
Eg: Swimming is my favourite sport.
- Là bổ ngữ
Eg: My hobby is reading books.
- Là tân ngữ
Eg: We enjoy playing football.
- Đứng sau 1 động từ + giới từ
Eg: Depend on / dream of / success in/ give up………
- Đứng sau 1 tính từ + giới từ
Interested in/ different from/ fond of/ keen on………
* Cỏch dựng của Present participle.
Cũng cú cỏch thành lập V-ing như Gerund nhưng hiện tại phõn từ (Present participle) cú cỏch sử dụng khỏc.
- Được dựng sau động từ “Be” trong cỏc thỡ tiếp diễn.
Eg: I am studying English with a foreing teacher.
He has been looking for a long time.
She was playing the piano when I came.
She had been working for IBM for a long time before she got married.
By this time tomorrow, she will be flying to Hue.
- Hiện tại phõn từ được sử dụng trong khi cõu cú một chủ ngữ và hai động từ trở lờn diễn tả cỏc hành động xảy ra đồng thời.
Eg: She sat in her living room, reading his letter.
- Hiện tại phõn từ được sử dụng để lược giản mệnh đề.
Eg: The woman who sat next to you on the train was an exellent teacher of English.
The woman sitting next to you on the train was an exellent teacher of English.
- Hiện tại phõn từ được sử dụng sau động từ tri giỏc, cảm giỏc như: hear, see, smell, feel…
=> I see him passing my house everyday.
- Hiện tại phõn từ được sử dụng với một số động từ đặc biệt: go, spend, waste, catch, find, leave + Tõn ngữ
=> go fishing, go shopping, go swimming
=> He spent two hours painting this picture.
=> I wasted time explaining to him about everything.
=> I caught them stealing my apples.
=> He found a tree lying across the road.
=> I left her talking to my mother.
* Dạng Perfect của Gerund và Present participle.
- Cỏch thành lập : Having + P.P
- Cỏch dựng Perfect Gerund: Dựng thay cho dạng hiện tại của Gerund khi chỳng ta đề cập đến hành động trong quỏ khứ.
Eg: The boy was accused of having stolen/ stealing her money.
She apologized for having broken/breaking my vase
- Perfect Participle được dựng để nhấn mạnh hành động xảy ra hoàn tất trước một hành động khỏc
xảy ra trong quỏ khứ.
Eg: Having asked for her parents’ permission, the children set off for their picnic in the forest Having finished all my exercises, I went to bed.
EXERCISES
Trang 2I Choose one word which underlined part is pronounced differently.
II Decide whether the –ing form in italics is gerund or present participle? Write G (Gerund) or
Pr P (Present Participle) next to each sentence.
1 I think you should start practicing now!
2 Listening to music after work helps me relax my mind
3 It’s a waste of time playing computer games
4 There are some people waiting to see you
5 I hate doing the washing up
6 Feeling tired, I went to bed early
7 Having finished the housework, she went for a walk
8 If you have a headache, try talking two of these pills
Join each of the following pairs of sentences, using an appropriate participle ( Present, past or perfect) 1 I knew that he was poor I offered to pay his fare ………
2 She became tired of my complaints about the programme She turned it off ………
3 He found no one at home He left the house in a bad temper ………
4 The criminal removed all the traces of his crime He left the building ………
5 He realized that he had missed the last train He began to walk ………
6 He was exhausted by his work He threw himself o his bed ………
7 He had spent all his money He decided to go home and ask his father for a job ………
8 He escaped from prison He looked for a place where he could get food ………
9 She did not want to hear the story again She had heard it all before ………
10.They found the money They began quarrelling about how to divide it ………
III Choose A, B, C or D that is suitable for each sentence.
1 Those villagers are very _ to visitors
2 We all were in a state of great _ when we learnt that we had passed the final exam
3 Up to now they have not made a _ whether they will go or not
Trang 34 _ is all that most human beings are looking for.
5 Mr Pike has just received a letter _ his daughter, who lives in Australia
6 We had a very _ holiday last summer
7 Mr Beb is a generous _, who has sent a lot of clothes to the poor children
8 When I have time, I’ll participate _ a research project
9 Big Brothers is a _ organization for boys who no longer have fathers
10 Volunteers help the disadvantaged and handicapped children to _
11 Thanks for your _ , without which we wouldn’t have got good marks
12 Green summer is a voluntary project where students provide _ for disadvantaged children
13 She intends to hold a _ party on her daughter’s 18th birthday
14 The local authority asked for a _ contribution from the community to repair roads and bridges
15 Each nation has many people who voluntarily take care of others
16 Your _ conversation has drawn a lot of attention from people in the ballroom
17 A _ holiday can help you out of depression
18 TV is the most popular means of _
IV Fill each gap in the sentence with one word from the box.
Where, how, why, before, if ,what ,who, and, or ,because
1 She’s one of those people love to be the centre of attention
2 It’s one of the few countries people drive on the left
3 We can’t go to Julia’s party we’re going away that weekend
4 We stopped bought some bread
5 I’ll show you to load the software
6 You can pay now when you come back to pick up the paint
7 John asked me books did you buy
8 do people keep leaving the door open?
9 anyone rings for me; please tell them I’ll be back at 4 o’clock
10 Did she leave a message she went
V Fill each gap in the sentence with the correct form of the word in brackets.
1 She does work for Red Cross two days a week (volunteer)
Trang 42 When shall I do the ? (shop)
3 They want to improve public , especially education (serve)
4 We finished the job, but only with great (difficult)
5 Some athletes take drugs to improve their (perform)
6 Their grandchildren are a constant source of (happy)
7 At university, you have the to do what you want.(free)
8 There is a general that things will soon get better (believe)
9 A is a person who climbs mountains as a sport or job.( mountain)
10 One major of the area is the lack of public transport (advantage)
VI Supply each blank with the correct preposition.
1 She was dressed black head foot
2 I am quite aware his intentions
3 My friend is good English and mathematics
4 He seemed so surprised my success
5 Though we all ran the thief, we could not catch him
6 The people came the meeting all the country
7 We are looking forward seeing her again
8 I am anxious his heath
9 His friends congratulated him his good fortune
10 I am thinking looking a new job
VII Read the following passage Then complete sentences by circling the corresponding letter A,
B, C, or D.
When Linh was younger, she liked to go to school more than anything She used to study every day and tried even harder when preparing for exams In class, she listened attentively to lectures and answered her teachers’ questions perfectly That was why she often performed well in exams and appeared in the list of ‘Top 10 Students” of the school She could speak two foreign languages, English and French, quite fluently Her dream was to become a successful diplomat Unfortunately, her father died in a car accident when she was a first-year student at university She had to quit school to help her mother take of her family Nevertheless, she continued studying by herself and tried her best to graduate from the Institute of International Relations at the age of 30 She is now working for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs She says: “the more I try, the more I see the meaning of life”
1 When Linh was young, she
a liked school a lot c hated school
b liked taking exams d hated exams
2 Linh’s excellent performance in exams made her
a one of the top 10 student c study harder at school
b prepare more carefully for lessons d attend more often
3 When she was fifteen, she was quite fluent at speaking
a English and French c English
b German d French
4 She had to quite school to
a go to the university c look after her mother
b take of the family d study by herself
Trang 5VIII Circle A, B , C or D that is incorrect
1 They made him to sign a paper admitting his crime
A B C D
2 Finished my homework, I was allowed to go to the cinema with my friends
A B C D
3 Paul was too tired finishing the last lap of the race
A B C D
4 A friend in needing is a friend indeed
A B C D
5 Tuan’s parents never let him to go out with his friends at weekends
A B C D
6 I am very please that se should meet again soon
A B C D
7 Unlike my father, I do not like many sugar in my coffee
A B C D
8 In my opinion , this book is better than that one
A B C D
9 She wasted a month tried to apply for a job in that company
A B C D
10 It is an opportunity for all family members to gather, exchange wishes , and
A B C having dinner together
D
11 There are many private primary schools that provides education , accommodation
A B C
and food for children and orphans
D
12 If you want to get more money, you should apply to another job
A B C D
13 I have a problem to memorizing names of people
A B C D
14 I spent most of my time in the train read my favorite book
A B C D
15 Each of the ten Asian countries were represented at the conference
A B C D