Fundamentals of english grammar third edition part 60 pot

his key. This was a very big problem for my unfortunate uncle because he (dras, not) properly. In fact, he (wear) 31 32 nothing but a towel. Poor Uncle Ernesto! "What (I, do) ?" ', ,> 33 he asked himself. , Instead of (stud) in the hallway with only a towel, he .':I fi l 34 (decide) > (get) help. So he (start) 35 36 (walk) down the hall toward the 37 38 elevator. He thought about (knock) on someone else's door 39 (ask) for help, but decided it was better (ask) 40 41 the hotel personnel. He hoped the elevator would be empty. , 8 When he (reach) the elevator, he (push) 42 43 ''I the down button and (wait) . When it (come) > 44 45 Uncle Emesto (mk) a deep breath and (get) in 46 47 even though the elevator wasn't empty. The other people in the elevator (surprise) when they (see) a man who (wrap) 48 49 in a towel. 50 Uncle Ernesto (think) about (qy) 51 52 (explain) his problem, but unfortunately he (know, not) 53 any Norwegian. He said, in English, "Door. Locked. No 54 key." A businessman in the elevator (nod) , but he (smile, not) 55 . Another man (look) at Uncle 56 57 Ernesto and (smile) broadly. 58 After an eternity, the elevator (reach) the ground floor. 59 Uncle Ernesto (walk) straight to the front desk and (look) 60 at the hotel manager helplessly. The hotel manager 61 Gerunds and lnflnltlves 401 8, 1 (have to understand, nor) 62 any language Cfgure) out the problem. My uncle 63 (have to say, nor) a word. The manager 64 (grab) a key, (take) my uncle by the 65 66 elbow, and (Iead) T him back to the nearest elevator. 67 (. . . My uncle (embarrass, still) about 68 this incident. But he (laugh) a lot when he (teU) 69 70 the story. EXERCISE 41. Review of verb forms: writing. (Chapters 1 - 13) . L Directions: Write a composition about one of the most embarrassing experiences you have had in your life. 1 . : ! 1 ,, . .;$ . , ' , i( - I CONTENTS 14-1 Noun clauses: introduction 14-6 Other uses of that-clauses 14-2 Noun clauses that begin with a 14-7 Substituting so for a that-clause in question word conversational responses 14-3 Noun clauses with who, what, whose 14-8 Quoted speech + be 14-9 Quoted speech vs. reported speech 14-4 Noun clauses that begin with ifor 14-10 Verb forms in reported speech whether 14-1 1 Common reporting verbs: tsU, ask, 14-5 Noun clauses that begin with that am/*& S v 0 (a) I know 'his address; (noun phrase) S v 0 @) I how where he liues! (noun dause) Verbs are often followed by objects. The object is usually a noun phrase.* In (a): his address is a noun phrase; his address is the object of the verb knm Some verbs can be followed by noun clauses.* In @): where he lives is a noun clause; where he lives is the object of the verb know. o A noun dause has its own subject and verb. sv I SV~ In (c): he is the subject of the noun clause; lives is the verb (c) I how where he lives. of the noun clause. (d) I how where my book is. A noun dause can begin with a question word. (noun clause) (See Chart 14-2.) I (e) I don't how @Ed is murried. A noun clause can begin with if or whether. (noun clause) (See Chart 14-4, p. 409.) I (f) I how that the world k round. A noun dause can begin with that. (See Chart 14-5, (noun clause) p. 414.) *A phrase is s group of related words. It does not canrsin a subject and a verb. A clau~ is a group of related words. It contains a subject and a verb. 14-2 NOUN CLAUSES THAT BEGIN WITH A QUESTION WORD I . ~ ~. . ~ . . . I Notice in the examples: Usual question word order is NOT . . used m a noun clause. (a) Where dm he liw? (b) I don't know where he Em. INCORRECT: I know where does he liw. (c) When did thW have? (d) Do You know when thW b/t2* CORRECT: I know where he lives. (e) What did she say? (f) Please tell me what she said. I (a) Whv is Tom absent? I (hl I wonder whv Tom is absent. I ~ ~ I (i) Who cam to class? I (j) I don't know who came to class. 1 ;Ti) and (i): Question word order I (k) What happened? I (1) Tell me what happened. and noun clause word order are the same when the question word is used 1 I as a subject. *A question mark is used at the end of this noun dause because the main subject and the verb of the sentence (Doymr know) are in question word order. Example: Lhyar know & rhqr bft? Do you bnau asks a question; whm they left is a noun clause. EXERCISE 1. Information questions and noun clauses. (Charts 5-2 and 14-2) Dimctim: Are the given words (1) an information question or (2) a noun clause? Add "I don't know" and a period to make a sentence with a noun clause. OR Add a capital letter and a question mark if the given words are a question. 1. 1 Aoh't how why he left. (noun clause) -~~,v%s' ~',:,.=&.%,k$; -{,;; ~ ~: Miwhy did he leave? (information question);:i :.;I '$ <; :~;, ??,2 ., - ;:. ? , ,., $.*. ;: ' where she is living 4. where is she living 5. where did Paul go 6. where Paul went . , . . ': 7. what time the movie begins ~ i , , ,:I 8. what time does the movie begin 9. how old is Kate why Yoko is angry I 11. what happened i I . . 12. who came to the party ' 13. who(m) did you see at the party 14. what did Sue say . . .n 15. what Sue is talking about I .,% / 404 CHAPTER 14 EXERCISE 2. Noun clauses that begin with a question word. (Chart 14-2) ~.II .t., &r; Direchm: Complete the dialogues by changing Speaker A's questions to noun clauses. 1. A: Where does Jim go to school? B: I don't know whew Jiw pes to school. 2. A: Where did Natasha go yesterday? B: I don't know. Do you know yesterday? 3. A: Why is Maria laughing? B: I don't know. Does anybody know ? 4. A: Why is tire hot? B: I don't know hot. 5. A: How much does a new Honda cost? B: Peter can tell you 6. A: Why is Mike always late? B: Don't ask me. I don't understand late. 7. A: How long do buds live? ./, . .: :., . B: I don't know When was the I don't know. : first wheel in Do you knm ~ How many hours does a e-<<*w 0 u Q- light bulb burn? ,.: . ./. , ' I don't know exactly . .i! . . : t I . - 10. A: Where did Emily buy her computer? B: I don't know her computer. 11. A: Who lives next door to Kate? B: I don't know next door to Kate. 12. A: Who(m) did Julie talk to? B: I don't know to. Noun Clauses 405 EXERCISE 3. Information questlons and noun clauses. (Charts 5-2 and 14-2) Direcrimzs: Ask and answer questions. Only the leader's book is open. Work as a class or in groups. Speaker A: Ask a question, using the cue. Speaker B: Answer the question, beginning with either 'Y don? know . . ." OR "I think . . ." followed by a noun clause. . Example: Ask ( . . . ) where ( . . . ) lives. :,:,:.&. . LEADER to A: Marco, ask Ingrid where Mustafa lives. , . P: SPEAKER A: Ingrid, where does Mustafa live? SPEAKER B: I don't how where ~ustafa lives. OR I think that Mustafa lives in Reed Hall. 1. Ask ( . . . ) where ( . . . ) ate breakfast this morning. .'. ~ , ,. : 2. Ask ( . . . ) what ( . . . )'s favorite color is. , .!; ; ! 3. Ask ( . . . ) when ( . . . ) got up this morning. 4. Ask ( . . . ) why ( . . . ) isn't sitting in hisher usual seat today. *> .ii t' , 5. Ask ( . . . ) how ( . . . ) got to class today. , i: F~ , ,:,7 :., 6. Ask ( . . . ) what kind of watch ( . . . ) has. 7. Ask ( . . . ) why ( . . . ) didn't come to class yesterday. ' 'b 7 .' 8. Ask ( . . . ) where ( . . . ) went after class yesterday. , , , ::: 4. lnformatlon questlons and noun clauses. (Charts 5-$'and 14-2) !crions: Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses. 1. A: Where (Susan, eat) Aid Swab eat lunch yesterday? , 2 I don't know where (she, eat) she a+e lunch yesterday. A: Do you know where (Jason, work) ? B: Who? A: Jason. Where (he, work) - 7 B: Yes. How can I help you? A: How much (that camem, cost) ? B: You want to know how much (this camera, wst) is that right? ; : ,fj A: No, not that one. The one next to it. :::,,A ,! 4. A: How far (you, can run) without stopping? B: I have no idea. I don't know how far (I, can run) , j without stopping. I've never tried. , , ,:i.: ~;#,,,k,it, ,,:.I.:!< ,J! :A .i, :. :, . , 1'; I :H 406 CHAPTER 14 5. A: Where (you, see) the ad for the computer sale last week? B: I don't remember where (I, see) it. One of the local papers, I think. 6. A: Ann was out late last night, wasn't she? When 'he,get) in? B: Why do you want to how what time (she, get) home? A: Just curious. 7. A: What time (it, is) ? B: I don't how. I'll ask Sara. Sara, do you how what time (it, is) ? C: Almost four-thirty. 8. A: (who, invent) the first refrigerator? B: I don't know (who, invent) the first refrigerator. Do you? 9. A: Mom, why (some people, be) cruel to other people? B: Honey, I don't really understand why (some pwple, be) cruel to others. It's difficult to explain. 10. A: I don't care about the future. All I care about is today. B: Oh? Well, answer this question for me. Where (you, spend) the rest of your lie? A: What do you mean? B: I mean it's important to pay attention to the future. That's where (you, spend) the rest of your life. 4-3 NOUN CLAUSES WITH WHO, WHAT WHOSE + BE 1 QUESTION 1 NOUN C v S S v (c) Whose pen@ 'this'? (d) TeU me whose pen'thid w. S v s V (e) @ in the office? (f) Tell me lwhd in the om. S v S v (g) 1Whosod a on the desk) Q Tell me'whoee pen' a on the desk. A noun or pronoun that follows main verb be in a question comes in front of be in a noun dause, as in (b) and (d). A prepositional phrase (e.g., in the o$&e) does not come infrontofbeinenoun clause, as in (f) and (h). Noun Clauses 407 . object of the verb know. o A noun dause has its own subject and verb. sv I SV~ In (c): he is the subject of the noun clause; lives is the verb (c) I how where he lives. of the. liues! (noun dause) Verbs are often followed by objects. The object is usually a noun phrase.* In (a): his address is a noun phrase; his address is the object of the verb knm Some verbs. (teU) 69 70 the story. EXERCISE 41. Review of verb forms: writing. (Chapters 1 - 13) . L Directions: Write a composition about one of the most embarrassing experiences you have had